3 # This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
4 # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
5 # the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or
6 # (at your option) any later version.
8 # This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
9 # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
10 # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
11 # GNU General Public License for more details.
13 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
14 # along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
20 use warnings (exists $ENV{NOVABOOT_TEST} ?
22 (FATAL => qw(inplace))); # Open warnings in <<>> are fatal
23 use Getopt::Long qw(GetOptionsFromString GetOptionsFromArray);
27 use File::Path qw(make_path);
29 use Time::HiRes("usleep");
33 use POSIX qw(:errno_h sysconf);
34 use Cwd qw(getcwd abs_path);
40 my $invocation_dir = $ENV{PWD} || getcwd();
42 # We prefer using PWD, to use nicer paths names with symbolic links.
43 # However, when executed from 'make -C dir', PWD may contain the make
44 # invocation path, not the real invocation path with dir at the end.
46 if (abs_path($ENV{PWD}) ne abs_path(getcwd())) {
47 $invocation_dir = getcwd();
50 ## Configuration file handling
52 # Default configuration
53 $CFG::hypervisor = "";
54 $CFG::hypervisor_params = "serial";
55 $CFG::genisoimage = "genisoimage";
56 $CFG::qemu = 'qemu-system-i386 -cpu coreduo -smp 2';
57 $CFG::default_target = '';
61 "tud" => '--copy=erwin.inf.tu-dresden.de:~sojka/boot/novaboot --rsync-flags="--chmod=Dg+s,ug+w,o-w,+rX --rsync-path=\"umask 002 && rsync\"" --grub --grub-prefix=(nd)/tftpboot/sojka/novaboot --grub-preamble="timeout 0" --concat --iprelay=141.76.48.80:2324 --scriptmod=s/\\\\bhostserial\\\\b/hostserialpci/g',
62 "novabox" => '--ssh=novabox@rtime.felk.cvut.cz',
63 "localhost" => '--scriptmod=s/console=tty[A-Z0-9,]+// --copy=/boot/novaboot/$NAME --grub2 --grub-prefix=/boot/novaboot/$NAME --grub2-prolog=" set root=\'(hd0,msdos1)\'"',
64 "ryu" => '--uboot --uboot-init="mw f0000b00 \${psc_cfg}; sleep 1" --uboot-addr kernel=800000 --uboot-addr ramdisk=b00000 --uboot-addr fdt=7f0000',
65 "ryuglab" => '--target ryu --ssh=ryu@pc-sojkam.felk.cvut.cz',
66 "ryulocal" => '--target ryu --dhcp-tftp --serial --reset-cmd="if which dtrrts; then dtrrts $NB_SERIAL 0 1; sleep 0.1; dtrrts $NB_SERIAL 1 1; fi"',
71 $const{linux}->{_SC_NPROCESSORS_CONF} = 83;
72 my $nproc = sysconf($const{$^O}->{_SC_NPROCESSORS_CONF});
74 $CFG::scons = "scons -j$nproc";
75 $CFG::make = "make -j$nproc";
83 package CFG; # Put config data into a separate namespace
89 die("ERROR: Failure compiling '$cfg' - $@");
90 } elsif (! defined($rc)) {
91 die("ERROR: Failure reading '$cfg' - $!");
93 die("ERROR: Failure processing '$cfg'");
96 $builddir = File::Spec->rel2abs($CFG::builddir, dirname($cfg)) if defined $CFG::builddir;
97 print STDERR "novaboot: Read $cfg\n";
102 # We don't use $0 here, because it points to the novaboot itself and
103 # not to the novaboot script. The problem with this approach is that
104 # when a script is run as "novaboot <options> <script>" then $ARGV[0]
105 # contains the first option. Hence the -f check.
106 my $dir = File::Spec->rel2abs($ARGV[0] && -f $ARGV[0] ? dirname($ARGV[0]) : '', $invocation_dir);
107 while ((-d $dir || -l $dir ) && $dir ne "/") {
108 push @cfgs, "$dir/.novaboot" if -r "$dir/.novaboot";
109 my @dirs = File::Spec->splitdir($dir);
110 $dir = File::Spec->catdir(@dirs[0..$#dirs-1]);
112 @cfgs = reverse @cfgs;
114 my $xdg_config_home = $ENV{'XDG_CONFIG_HOME'} || $ENV{'HOME'}.'/.config';
115 unshift(@cfgs, "$xdg_config_home/novaboot") if -r "$xdg_config_home/novaboot";
117 $dir = $ENV{'NOVABOOT_CONFIG_DIR'} || '/etc/novaboot.d';
118 if (opendir(my $dh, $dir)) {
119 my @etccfg = map { "$dir/$_" } grep { /^[-_a-zA-Z0-9]+$/ && -f "$dir/$_" } readdir($dh);
121 @etccfg = sort(@etccfg);
122 @cfgs = ( @etccfg, @cfgs );
125 my $cfg = $ENV{'NOVABOOT_CONFIG'};
126 Getopt::Long::Configure(qw/no_ignore_case pass_through/);
127 GetOptions ("config|c=s" => \$cfg);
128 read_config($_) foreach $cfg or @cfgs;
130 ## Command line handling
132 my $explicit_target = $ENV{'NOVABOOT_TARGET'};
133 GetOptions ("target|t=s" => \$explicit_target);
135 # Variables for command line options
136 my ($amt, @append, $bender, @chainloaders, $concat, $config_name_opt, $dhcp_tftp, $dump_opt, $dump_config, @exiton, $exiton_timeout, @expect_raw, $final_eol, $gen_only, $grub_config, $grub_prefix, $grub_preamble, $grub2_prolog, $grub2_config, $help, $ider, $interaction, $iprelay, $iprelay_cmd, $iso_image, $interactive, $kernel_opt, $make, $man, $netif, $no_file_gen, $off_opt, $on_opt, $pulsar, $pulsar_root, $qemu, $qemu_append, $qemu_flags_cmd, @remote_cmd, $remote_expect, $remote_expect_silent, $remote_expect_timeout, $reset, @reset_cmd, $reset_send, $rom_prefix, $rsync_flags, @scriptmod, $scons, $serial, $server, $stty, $tftp, $tftp_port, $uboot, %uboot_addr, $uboot_cmd, @uboot_init, $uboot_stop_key);
138 my ($target_reset, $target_power_on, $target_power_off);
140 # Default values of certain command line options
142 'kernel' => '${kernel_addr_r}',
143 'ramdisk' => '${ramdisk_addr_r}',
144 'fdt' => '${fdt_addr_r}',
147 $rom_prefix = 'rom://';
148 $stty = 'raw -crtscts -onlcr -echo 115200';
149 $reset = 1; # Reset target by default
150 $interaction = 1; # Perform target interaction by default
152 $netif = $CFG::netif;
153 $remote_expect_timeout = -1;
155 my @expect_seen = ();
159 push(@expect_seen, '-re') if $n eq "expect-re";
160 push(@expect_seen, $v);
166 unless (@expect_seen) { die("No --expect before --send"); }
167 my $ret = ($n eq "sendcont") ? exp_continue : 0;
168 unshift(@expect_raw, sub { shift->send(eval("\"$v\"")); $ret; });
169 unshift(@expect_raw, @expect_seen);
173 # Options which can be safely specified on the server (via --ssh),
174 # i.e. which cannot cause unwanted local code execution etc.
175 my %opt_spec_safe = (
176 "grub|g:s" => \$grub_config,
177 "grub-preamble=s"=> \$grub_preamble,
178 "grub2-prolog=s" => \$grub2_prolog,
179 "grub2:s" => \$grub2_config,
180 "prefix|grub-prefix=s" => \$grub_prefix,
181 "pulsar-root=s" => \$pulsar_root,
182 "pulsar|p:s" => \$pulsar,
183 "remote-expect=s"=> \$remote_expect,
184 "remote-expect-silent=s"=> sub { $remote_expect=$_[1]; $remote_expect_silent=1; },
185 "remote-expect-timeout=i"=> \$remote_expect_timeout,
186 "uboot-addr=s" => \%uboot_addr,
187 "uboot-cmd=s" => \$uboot_cmd,
188 "uboot-stop-key=s" => \$uboot_stop_key,
189 "uboot-init=s" => sub { push @uboot_init, { command => $_[1] }; },
190 "uboot:s" => \$uboot,
196 "append|a=s" => \@append,
197 "bender|b" => \$bender,
198 "build-dir=s" => sub { my ($n, $v) = @_; $builddir = File::Spec->rel2abs($v); },
199 "concat" => \$concat,
200 "chainloader=s" => \@chainloaders,
201 "dhcp-tftp|d" => \$dhcp_tftp,
202 "dump" => \$dump_opt,
203 "dump-config" => \$dump_config,
204 "exiton=s" => \@exiton,
205 "exiton-timeout=i"=> \$exiton_timeout,
206 "exiton-re=s" => sub { my ($n, $v) = @_; push(@exiton, '-re', $v); },
207 "expect=s" => \&handle_expect,
208 "expect-re=s" => \&handle_expect,
209 "expect-raw=s" => sub { my ($n, $v) = @_; unshift(@expect_raw, eval($v)); },
210 "final-eol!" => \$final_eol,
211 "gen-only" => \$gen_only,
213 "interaction!" => \$interaction,
214 "iprelay=s" => \$iprelay,
215 "iprelay-cmd=s" => \$iprelay_cmd,
216 "iso:s" => \$iso_image,
217 "kernel|k=s" => \$kernel_opt,
218 "interactive|i" => \$interactive,
219 "name=s" => \$config_name_opt,
220 "make|m:s" => \$make,
221 "netif=s" => \$netif,
222 "no-file-gen" => \$no_file_gen,
225 "qemu|Q:s" => \$qemu,
226 "qemu-append=s" => \$qemu_append,
227 "qemu-flags|q=s" => \$qemu_flags_cmd,
228 "remote-cmd=s" => sub { @remote_cmd = ($_[1]); },
230 "reset-cmd=s" => sub { @reset_cmd = ($_[1]); },
231 "reset-send=s" => \$reset_send,
232 "rsync-flags=s" => \$rsync_flags,
233 "scons:s" => \$scons,
234 "scriptmod=s" => \@scriptmod,
235 "send=s" => \&handle_send,
236 "sendcont=s" => \&handle_send,
237 "serial|s:s" => \$serial,
238 "server:s" => \$server,
239 "copy:s" => \$server,
240 "ssh:s" => \&handle_novaboot_server,
241 "strip-rom" => sub { $rom_prefix = ''; },
244 "tftp-port=i" => \$tftp_port,
245 "no-uboot" => sub { undef $uboot; },
250 sub handle_novaboot_server
253 my $xdg_runtime_dir = $ENV{XDG_RUNTIME_DIR} || '/var/run';
254 my $ssh_ctl_path = "${xdg_runtime_dir}/novaboot$$";
256 @remote_cmd = ('ssh', '-tt', '-M', '-S', $ssh_ctl_path, $val, 'console');
257 $remote_expect = "novaboot-shell: Connected";
259 $rsync_flags = "--rsh='ssh -S \'${ssh_ctl_path}\''";
260 ($grub_prefix = $val) =~ s|(.*)@.*|\/$1\/| if index($val, '@') != -1;
261 @reset_cmd = ('ssh', '-tt', '-S', $ssh_ctl_path, $val, 'reset');
263 $target_power_off = sub { system_verbose('ssh', '-tt', '-S', $ssh_ctl_path, $val, 'off'); };
264 $target_power_on = sub { system_verbose('ssh', '-tt', '-S', $ssh_ctl_path, $val, 'on'); };
266 my $cmd = "ssh '${val}' get-config";
267 print STDERR "novaboot: Running: $cmd\n";
268 my @target_config = qx($cmd < /dev/null);
269 if ($?) { die("Cannot get target configuration from the server"); }
270 printf "novaboot: Received configuration from the server:%s\n", (!@target_config) ? " empty" : "";
271 foreach (@target_config) { chomp; print " $_\n"; }
273 my $p = Getopt::Long::Parser->new;
274 $p->configure(qw/no_ignore_case no_pass_through/);
275 $p->getoptionsfromarray(\@target_config, %opt_spec_safe) or die("Error processing configuration from the server");
277 if (scalar @target_config) { die "Unsuported configuration received from the server: ".join(", ", @target_config); }
280 # First process target options
282 my $t = defined($explicit_target) ? $explicit_target : $CFG::default_target;
284 Getopt::Long::Configure(qw/no_ignore_case pass_through/);
286 exists $CFG::targets{$t} or die("Unknown target '$t' (valid targets are: ".join(", ", sort keys(%CFG::targets)).")");
288 undef $explicit_target;
289 my ($ret, $remaining_args) = GetOptionsFromString ($CFG::targets{$t}, ("target|t=s" => \$explicit_target));
290 if (!$ret) { die "Error parsing target $t option"; }
291 push(@target_expanded, @$remaining_args);
292 $t = $explicit_target;
295 my @args = (@target_expanded, @ARGV);
296 print STDERR "novaboot: Effective options: @args\n";
298 Getopt::Long::Configure(qw/no_ignore_case no_pass_through/);
299 GetOptionsFromArray(\@target_expanded, %opt_spec) or die ("Error in target definition");
302 # Then process other command line options - some of them may override
303 # what was specified by the target
304 GetOptions %opt_spec or die("Error in command line arguments");
305 pod2usage(1) if $help;
306 pod2usage(-exitstatus => 0, -verbose => 2) if $man;
308 ### Dump sanitized configuration (if requested)
312 $Data::Dumper::Indent=1;
313 print "# This file is in perl syntax.\n";
314 foreach my $key(sort(keys(%CFG::))) { # See "Symbol Tables" in perlmod(1)
315 if (defined ${$CFG::{$key}}) { print Data::Dumper->Dump([${$CFG::{$key}}], ["*$key"]); }
316 if ( @{$CFG::{$key}}) { print Data::Dumper->Dump([\@{$CFG::{$key}}], ["*$key"]); }
317 if ( %{$CFG::{$key}}) { print Data::Dumper->Dump([\%{$CFG::{$key}}], ["*$key"]); }
323 ### Sanitize configuration
325 if ($interactive && !-t STDIN) {
326 die("novaboot: Interactive mode not supported when not on terminal");
329 if (defined $config_name_opt && scalar(@ARGV) > 1) { die "You cannot use --name with multiple scripts"; }
332 $iso_image //= ''; # IDE-R needs an ISO image
333 if (!defined $amt) { die "Error: --ider requires --amt"; }
337 my %input_opts = ('--iprelay' => \$iprelay,
338 '--iprelay-cmd'=> \$iprelay_cmd,
339 '--serial' => \$serial,
340 '--remote-cmd' => (@remote_cmd ? \$remote_cmd[0] : undef),
342 my @opts = grep(defined(${$input_opts{$_}}) , keys %input_opts);
344 die("novaboot: More than one target connection option: ".join(', ', @opts)) if scalar @opts > 1;
348 if (defined $serial) {
349 $serial ||= "/dev/ttyUSB0";
350 $ENV{NB_SERIAL} = $serial;
352 if (defined $grub_config) { $grub_config ||= "menu.lst"; }
353 if (defined $grub2_config) { $grub2_config ||= "./boot/grub/grub.cfg"; }
355 ## Parse the novaboot script(s)
360 my ($modules, $variables, $generated, $copy, $chainload, $continuation) = ([], {}, [], []);
361 my $skip_reading = defined($on_opt) || defined($off_opt);
362 while (!$skip_reading && ($_ = <<>>)) {
363 if ($ARGV ne $last_fn) { # New script
364 die "Missing EOF in $last_fn" if $file;
365 die "Unfinished line in $last_fn" if $continuation;
367 push @scripts, { 'filename' => $ARGV,
368 'modules' => $modules = [],
369 'variables' => $variables = {},
370 'generated' => $generated = [],
371 'copy' => $copy = [],
372 'chainload' => $chainload = [],
377 next if /^#/ || /^\s*$/; # Skip comments and empty lines
379 $_ =~ s/^[[:space:]]*// if ($continuation);
381 if (/\\$/) { # Line continuation
382 $continuation .= substr($_, 0, length($_)-1);
386 if ($continuation) { # Last continuation line
387 $_ = $continuation . $_;
391 foreach my $mod(@scriptmod) { eval $mod; }
393 if ($file && $_ eq $EOF) { # Heredoc end
397 if ($file) { # Heredoc content
398 push @{$file}, "$_\n";
401 if (/^([A-Z_]+)=(.*)$/) { # Internal variable
402 $$variables{$1} = $2;
403 push(@exiton, $2) if ($1 eq "EXITON");
404 $interaction = $2 if ($1 eq "INTERACTION");
407 sub process_load_copy($) {
408 die("novaboot: '$last_fn' line $.: Missing file name\n") unless /^[^ <]+/;
409 if (/^([^ ]*)(.*?)[[:space:]]*<<([^ ]*)$/) { # Heredoc start
411 push @$generated, {filename => $1, content => $file};
415 if (/^([^ ]*)(.*?)[[:space:]]*< ?(.*)$/) { # Command substitution
416 push @$generated, {filename => $1, command => $3};
419 s/\s*$//; # Strip trailing whitespace
422 if (s/^load *//) { # Load line
423 push @$modules, process_load_copy($_);
426 if (s/^copy *//) { # Copy line
427 push @$copy, process_load_copy($_);
430 if (s/^chld *//) { # Chainload line
431 push @$chainload, process_load_copy($_);
434 if (/^run (.*)/) { # run line
435 push @$generated, {command => $1};
438 if (/^uboot(?::([0-9]+)s)? +(< *)?(.*)/) { # uboot line
439 # TODO: If U-Boot supports some interactive menu, it might
440 # make sense to store uboot lines per novaboot script.
441 my ($timeout, $redir, $string, $dest) = ($1, $2, $3);
442 if ($string =~ /(.*) *> *(.*)/) {
446 push @uboot_init, { command => $redir ? "" : $string,
447 system => $redir ? $string : "",
454 die("novaboot: Cannot parse script '$last_fn' line $.. Didn't you forget 'load' keyword?\n");
457 # print Dumper(\@scripts);
459 foreach my $script (@scripts) {
460 $modules = $$script{modules};
461 @$modules[0] =~ s/^[^ ]*/$kernel_opt/ if $kernel_opt;
462 @$modules[0] .= ' ' . join(' ', @append) if @append;
465 if (exists $variables->{KERNEL}) {
466 $kernel = $variables->{KERNEL};
468 if ($CFG::hypervisor) {
469 $kernel = $CFG::hypervisor . " ";
470 if (exists $variables->{HYPERVISOR_PARAMS}) {
471 $kernel .= $variables->{HYPERVISOR_PARAMS};
473 $kernel .= $CFG::hypervisor_params;
477 @$modules = ($kernel, @$modules) if $kernel;
478 @$modules = (@chainloaders, @$modules);
479 @$modules = ("bin/boot/bender", @$modules) if ($bender || defined $ENV{'NOVABOOT_BENDER'});
483 foreach my $script (@scripts) {
484 print join("\n", @{$$script{modules}})."\n";
491 sub generate_configs($$$) {
492 my ($base, $generated, $filename) = @_;
493 if ($base) { $base = "$base/"; };
494 foreach my $g(@$generated) {
495 if (exists $$g{content}) {
496 my $config = $$g{content};
497 my $fn = $$g{filename};
498 open(my $f, '>', $fn) || die("$fn: $!");
499 map { s|\brom://([^ ]*)|$rom_prefix$base$1|g; print $f "$_"; } @{$config};
501 print STDERR "novaboot: Created $fn\n";
502 } elsif (exists $$g{command} && ! $no_file_gen) {
503 $ENV{SRCDIR} = dirname(File::Spec->rel2abs( $filename, $invocation_dir ));
504 if (exists $$g{filename}) {
505 system_verbose("( $$g{command} ) > $$g{filename}");
507 system_verbose($$g{command});
513 sub generate_grub_config($$$$;$)
515 my ($filename, $title, $base, $modules_ref, $preamble) = @_;
516 if ($base) { $base = "$base/"; };
517 open(my $fg, '>', $filename) or die "$filename: $!";
518 print $fg "$preamble\n" if $preamble;
519 print $fg "title $title\n" if $title;
520 #print $fg "root $base\n"; # root doesn't really work for (nd)
522 foreach (@$modules_ref) {
525 my ($kbin, $kcmd) = split(' ', $_, 2);
526 $kcmd = '' if !defined $kcmd;
527 print $fg "kernel ${base}$kbin $kcmd\n";
529 s|\brom://([^ ]*)|$rom_prefix$base$1|g; # Translate rom:// files - needed for vdisk parameter of sigma0
530 print $fg "module $base$_\n";
534 print("novaboot: Created $builddir/$filename\n");
538 sub generate_syslinux_config($$$$)
540 my ($filename, $title, $base, $modules_ref) = @_;
541 if ($base && $base !~ /\/$/) { $base = "$base/"; };
542 open(my $fg, '>', $filename) or die "$filename: $!";
543 print $fg "LABEL $title\n";
544 #TODO print $fg "MENU LABEL $human_readable_title\n";
546 my ($kbin, $kcmd) = split(' ', @$modules_ref[0], 2);
548 if (system("file $kbin|grep 'Linux kernel'") == 0) {
549 my $initrd = @$modules_ref[1];
550 die('Too many "load" lines for Linux kernel') if (scalar @$modules_ref > 2);
551 print $fg "LINUX $base$kbin\n";
552 print $fg "APPEND $kcmd\n";
553 print $fg "INITRD $base$initrd\n";
555 print $fg "KERNEL mboot.c32\n";
557 foreach (@$modules_ref) {
558 s|\brom://([^ ]*)|$rom_prefix$base$1|g; # Translate rom:// files - needed for vdisk parameter of sigma0
559 push @append, "$base$_";
560 print $fg "APPEND ".join(' --- ', @append)."\n";
563 #TODO print $fg "TEXT HELP\n";
564 #TODO print $fg "some help here\n";
565 #TODO print $fg "ENDTEXT\n";
567 print("novaboot: Created $builddir/$filename\n");
571 sub generate_grub2_config($$$$;$$)
573 my ($filename, $title, $base, $modules_ref, $preamble, $prolog) = @_;
574 if ($base && substr($base,-1,1) ne '/') { $base = "$base/"; };
575 my $dir = dirname($filename);
579 open(my $fg, '>', $filename) or die "$filename: $!";
580 print $fg "$preamble\n" if $preamble;
581 $title ||= 'novaboot';
582 print $fg "menuentry $title {\n";
583 print $fg "$prolog\n" if $prolog;
585 my $boot_method = $variables->{BOOT_METHOD} // "multiboot";
586 my $module_load_method = "module";
587 if ($boot_method eq "linux") {
588 $module_load_method = "initrd";
589 die('Too many "load" lines for Linux kernel') if (scalar(@$modules_ref) > 2);
591 foreach (@$modules_ref) {
594 my ($kbin, $kcmd) = split(' ', $_, 2);
595 $kcmd = '' if !defined $kcmd;
596 print $fg " $boot_method ${base}$kbin $kcmd\n";
599 if ($boot_method eq "multiboot") {
600 # GRUB2 doesn't pass filename in multiboot info so we have to duplicate it here
601 $_ = join(' ', ($args[0], @args));
602 s|\brom://|$rom_prefix|g; # We do not need to translate path for GRUB2
604 print $fg " $module_load_method $base$_\n";
609 print("novaboot: Created $builddir/$filename\n");
613 sub generate_pulsar_config($$$)
615 my ($filename, $modules_ref, $chainload_ref) = @_;
616 open(my $fg, '>', $filename) or die "$filename: $!";
617 print $fg "root $pulsar_root\n" if defined $pulsar_root;
618 if (scalar(@$chainload_ref) > 0) {
619 print $fg "chld $$chainload_ref[0]\n";
623 foreach (@$modules_ref) {
626 ($kbin, $kcmd) = split(' ', $_, 2);
627 $kcmd = '' if !defined $kcmd;
630 s|\brom://|$rom_prefix|g;
631 print $fg "load $_\n";
634 # Put kernel as last - this is needed for booting Linux and has no influence on non-Linux OSes
635 print $fg "exec $kbin $kcmd\n";
638 print("novaboot: Created $builddir/$filename\n");
642 sub shell_cmd_string(@)
644 if (scalar(@_) == 1) {
647 return join(' ', map((/^[-_=a-zA-Z0-9\/\.\+]+$/ ? "$_" : "'$_'"), @_));
653 print STDERR "novaboot: Running: ".shell_cmd_string(@_)."\n";
655 exit(1); # should not be reached
660 print STDERR "novaboot: Running: ".shell_cmd_string(@_)."\n";
661 my $ret = system(@_);
662 if ($ret & 0x007f) { die("Command terminated by a signal"); }
663 if ($ret & 0xff00) {die("Command exit with non-zero exit code"); }
664 if ($ret) { die("Command failure $ret"); }
669 $str =~ s/^\s+|\s+$//g;
675 if (exists $variables->{WVDESC}) {
676 print STDERR "Testing \"$variables->{WVDESC}\" in $last_fn:\n";
677 } elsif ($last_fn =~ /\.wv$/) {
678 print STDERR "Testing \"all\" in $last_fn:\n";
681 ## Connect to the target and check whether it is not occupied
683 # We have to do this before file generation phase, because file
684 # generation is intermixed with file deployment phase and we want to
685 # check whether the target is not used by somebody else before
686 # deploying files. Otherwise, we may rewrite other user's files on a
689 my $exp; # Expect object to communicate with the target over serial line
691 sub kill_exp_on_signal() {
692 # Sometimes, under unclear circumstances (e.g. when running under
693 # both Jenkins and Robotframework), novaboot does not terminate
694 # console command when killed. The console is then blocked by the
695 # stale process forever. Theoretically, this should not happen,
696 # because when novaboot is killed, console command's controlling
697 # terminal sends SIGHUP to the console command and the command
698 # should terminate. It seems that at least SSH sometimes ignores
699 # HUP and does not terminate. The code below seems to work around
700 # that problem by killing the process immediately with SIGTERM,
701 # which is not ignored.
703 sub kill_console { kill TERM => $exp->pid if $exp->pid; die "Terminated by SIG$_[0]"; };
705 # For our Jenkins/Robotframework use case, it was sufficient to
706 # handle the TERM signal, but to be on the safe side, we also
707 # catch other signals.
708 $SIG{TERM} = \&kill_console;
709 $SIG{HUP} = \&kill_console;
710 $SIG{INT} = \&kill_console;
711 $SIG{QUIT} = \&kill_console;
715 my ($amt_user, $amt_password, $amt_host, $amt_port);
717 if (defined $iprelay || defined $iprelay_cmd) {
718 if (defined $iprelay) {
720 $iprelay =~ /([.0-9]+)(:([0-9]+))?/;
723 my $paddr = sockaddr_in($port, inet_aton($addr));
724 my $proto = getprotobyname('tcp');
725 socket($IPRELAY, PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, $proto) || die "socket: $!";
726 print STDERR "novaboot: Connecting to IP relay... ";
727 connect($IPRELAY, $paddr) || die "connect: $!";
728 print STDERR "done\n";
729 $exp = Expect->init(\*$IPRELAY);
732 if (defined $iprelay_cmd) {
733 print STDERR "novaboot: Running: $iprelay_cmd\n";
736 $exp->spawn($iprelay_cmd);
737 kill_exp_on_signal();
741 print $exp "\xFF\xF6"; # AYT
742 my $connected = $exp->expect(20, # Timeout in seconds
743 '<iprelayd: connected>',
744 '-re', '<WEB51 HW[^>]*>')
745 || die "iprelay connection: " . ($! || "timeout");
750 my ($relay, $onoff) = @_;
751 die unless ($relay == 1 || $relay == 2);
753 my $cmd = ($relay == 1 ? 0x5 : 0x6) | ($onoff ? 0x20 : 0x10);
754 return "\xFF\xFA\x2C\x32".chr($cmd)."\xFF\xF0";
758 my ($relay, $onoff) = @_;
759 die unless ($relay == 1 || $relay == 2);
760 my $cmd = ($relay == 1 ? 0xdf : 0xbf) | ($onoff ? 0x00 : 0xff);
761 return "\xFF\xFA\x2C\x97".chr($cmd)."\xFF\xF0";
765 my ($relay, $onoff, $can_giveup) = @_;
766 my $confirmation = '';
768 print $exp relaycmd($relay, $onoff);
769 my $confirmed = $exp->expect(20, # Timeout in seconds
770 relayconf($relay, $onoff))
771 || die "iprelay command: " . ($! || "timeout");
774 print("Relay confirmation timeout - ignoring\n");
776 die "Relay confirmation timeout";
782 $target_reset = sub {
783 relay(2, 1, 1); # Reset the machine
788 $target_power_off = sub {
789 relay(1, 1); # Press power button
790 usleep(6000000); # Long press to switch off
794 $target_power_on = sub {
795 relay(1, 1); # Press power button
796 usleep(100000); # Short press
802 system_verbose("stty -F $serial $stty");
803 open($CONN, "+<", $serial) || die "open $serial: $!";
804 $exp = Expect->init(\*$CONN);
806 elsif (@remote_cmd) {
807 print STDERR "novaboot: Running: ".shell_cmd_string(@remote_cmd)."\n";
808 $exp = Expect->spawn(@remote_cmd);
809 kill_exp_on_signal();
811 elsif (defined $amt) {
812 require LWP::UserAgent;
813 require LWP::Authen::Digest;
816 my ($host, $username, $password, $schema, $className, $pstate) = @_;
817 #AMT numbers for PowerStateChange (MNI => bluescreen on windows;-)
818 my %pstates = ("on" => 2,
825 <s:Envelope xmlns:s="http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope" xmlns:a="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2004/08/addressing" xmlns:w="http://schemas.dmtf.org/wbem/wsman/1/wsman.xsd">
826 <s:Header><a:To>http://$host:16992/wsman</a:To>
827 <w:ResourceURI s:mustUnderstand="true">$schema</w:ResourceURI>
828 <a:ReplyTo><a:Address s:mustUnderstand="true">http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2004/08/addressing/role/anonymous</a:Address></a:ReplyTo>
829 <a:Action s:mustUnderstand="true">$schema$className</a:Action>
830 <w:MaxEnvelopeSize s:mustUnderstand="true">153600</w:MaxEnvelopeSize>
831 <a:MessageID>uuid:709072C9-609C-4B43-B301-075004043C7C</a:MessageID>
832 <w:Locale xml:lang="en-US" s:mustUnderstand="false" />
833 <w:OperationTimeout>PT60.000S</w:OperationTimeout>
834 <w:SelectorSet><w:Selector Name="Name">Intel(r) AMT Power Management Service</w:Selector></w:SelectorSet>
836 <p:RequestPowerStateChange_INPUT xmlns:p="http://schemas.dmtf.org/wbem/wscim/1/cim-schema/2/CIM_PowerManagementService">
837 <p:PowerState>$pstates{$pstate}</p:PowerState>
838 <p:ManagedElement><a:Address>http://$host:16992/wsman</a:Address>
839 <a:ReferenceParameters><w:ResourceURI>http://schemas.dmtf.org/wbem/wscim/1/cim-schema/2/CIM_ComputerSystem</w:ResourceURI>
840 <w:SelectorSet><w:Selector Name="Name">ManagedSystem</w:Selector></w:SelectorSet>
841 </a:ReferenceParameters></p:ManagedElement>
842 </p:RequestPowerStateChange_INPUT>
843 </s:Body></s:Envelope>
848 my ($host, $username, $password, $content) = @_;
850 my $ua = LWP::UserAgent->new();
851 $ua->agent("novaboot");
853 my $req = HTTP::Request->new(POST => "http://$host:16992/wsman");
854 my $res = $ua->request($req);
855 die ("Unexpected AMT response: " . $res->status_line) unless $res->code == 401;
857 my ($realm) = $res->header("WWW-Authenticate") =~ /Digest realm="(.*?)"/;
858 $ua->credentials("$host:16992", $realm, $username => $password);
861 $req = HTTP::Request->new(POST => "http://$host:16992/wsman");
862 $req->content_type('application/x-www-form-urlencoded');
863 $req->content($content);
864 $res = $ua->request($req);
865 die ("AMT power change request failed: " . $res->status_line) unless $res->is_success;
866 $res->content() =~ /<g:ReturnValue>(\d+)<\/g:ReturnValue>/;
871 my ($host, $username, $password, $pstate)=@_;
872 my $schema="http://schemas.dmtf.org/wbem/wscim/1/cim-schema/2/CIM_PowerManagementService";
873 my $className="/RequestPowerStateChange";
874 my $content = genXML($host, $username, $password ,$schema, $className, $pstate);
875 return sendPOST($host, $username, $password, $content);
878 ($amt_user,$amt_password,$amt_host,$amt_port) = ($amt =~ /(?:(.*?)(?::(.*))?@)?([^:]*)(?::([0-9]*))?/);;
879 $amt_user ||= "admin";
880 $amt_password ||= $ENV{'AMT_PASSWORD'} || die "AMT password not specified";
881 $amt_host || die "AMT host not specified";
885 $target_power_off = sub {
887 my $result = powerChange($amt_host,$amt_user,$amt_password, "off");
888 die "AMT power off failed (ReturnValue $result)" if $result != 0;
891 $target_power_on = sub {
892 my $result = powerChange($amt_host,$amt_user,$amt_password, "on");
893 die "AMT power on failed (ReturnValue $result)" if $result != 0;
896 $target_reset = sub {
897 my $result = powerChange($amt_host,$amt_user,$amt_password, "reset");
899 print STDERR "Warning: Cannot reset $amt_host, trying power on. ";
900 $result = powerChange($amt_host,$amt_user,$amt_password, "on");
902 die "AMT reset failed (ReturnValue $result)" if $result != 0;
905 my $cmd = "amtterm -u $amt_user -p $amt_password $amt_host $amt_port";
906 print STDERR "novaboot: Running: $cmd\n" =~ s/\Q$amt_password\E/???/r;
907 $exp = Expect->spawn($cmd);
908 $exp->expect(10, "RUN_SOL") || die "Expect for 'RUN_SOL': " . ($! || "timeout");
912 if ($remote_expect) {
913 $exp || die("No serial line connection");
914 my $log = $exp->log_stdout;
915 if (defined $remote_expect_silent) {
918 $exp->expect($remote_expect_timeout >= 0 ? $remote_expect_timeout : undef,
919 $remote_expect) || die "Expect for '$remote_expect':" . ($! || "timeout");;
920 if (defined $remote_expect_silent) {
921 $exp->log_stdout($log);
922 print $exp->after() if $log;
927 $target_reset = sub {
928 system_verbose(@reset_cmd);
932 if (defined $reset_send) {
933 $target_reset = sub {
934 $reset_send =~ s/\\n/\n/g;
935 $exp->send($reset_send);
939 if (defined $on_opt && defined $target_power_on) {
943 if (defined $off_opt && defined $target_power_off) {
944 print STDERR "novaboot: Switching the target off...\n";
945 &$target_power_off();
949 $builddir ||= dirname(File::Spec->rel2abs( ${$scripts[0]}{filename})) if scalar @scripts;
950 if (defined $builddir) {
951 chdir($builddir) or die "Can't change directory to $builddir: $!";
952 print STDERR "novaboot: Entering directory `$builddir'\n";
954 $builddir = $invocation_dir;
957 ## File generation phase
958 my (%files_iso, $menu_iso, $filename);
959 my $config_name = '';
962 foreach my $script (@scripts) {
963 $filename = $$script{filename};
964 $modules = $$script{modules};
965 $generated = $$script{generated};
966 $variables = $$script{variables};
968 ($config_name = $filename) =~ s#.*/##;
969 $config_name = $config_name_opt if (defined $config_name_opt);
971 if (exists $variables->{BUILDDIR}) {
972 $builddir = File::Spec->rel2abs($variables->{BUILDDIR});
973 chdir($builddir) or die "Can't change directory to $builddir: $!";
974 print STDERR "novaboot: Entering directory `$builddir'\n";
978 $prefix = $grub_prefix;
979 $prefix =~ s/\$NAME/$config_name/;
980 $prefix =~ s/\$BUILDDIR/$builddir/;
982 # TODO: use $grub_prefix as first parameter if some switch is given
983 generate_configs('', $generated, $filename);
985 ### Generate bootloader configuration files
986 my @bootloader_configs;
987 push @bootloader_configs, generate_grub_config($grub_config, $config_name, $prefix, $modules, $grub_preamble) if (defined $grub_config);
988 push @bootloader_configs, generate_grub2_config($grub2_config, $config_name, $prefix, $modules, $grub_preamble, $grub2_prolog) if (defined $grub2_config);
989 push @bootloader_configs, generate_pulsar_config('config-'.($pulsar||'novaboot'), $modules, $chainload) if (defined $pulsar);
991 ### Run scons or make
994 push @all, @$modules;
996 push @all, @$chainload;
997 my @files = map({ ($file) = m/([^ ]*)/; $file; } @all);
999 # Filter-out generated files
1000 my @to_build = grep({ my $file = $_; !scalar(grep($file eq ($$_{filename} || ''), @$generated)) } @files);
1002 system_verbose($scons || $CFG::scons." ".join(" ", @to_build)) if (defined $scons);
1003 system_verbose($make || $CFG::make ." ".join(" ", @to_build)) if (defined $make);
1006 ### Copy files (using rsync)
1007 if (defined $server && !defined($gen_only)) {
1008 (my $real_server = $server) =~ s/\$NAME/$config_name/;
1010 my ($hostname, $path) = split(":", $real_server, 2);
1011 if (! defined $path) {
1015 my $files = join(" ", map({ ($file) = m/([^ ]*)/; $file; } ( @$modules, @bootloader_configs, @$copy)));
1016 map({ my $file = (split)[0]; die "Not a file: $file: $!" if ! -e $file || -d $file; } @$modules);
1017 my $istty = -t STDOUT && ($ENV{'TERM'} || 'dumb') ne 'dumb';
1018 my $progress = $istty ? "--progress" : "";
1020 system_verbose("rsync $progress -RL --chmod=ugo=rwX $rsync_flags $files $real_server");
1021 if ($server =~ m|/\$NAME$| && $concat) {
1022 my $cmd = join("; ", map { "( cd $path/.. && cat */$_ > $_ )" } @bootloader_configs);
1023 system_verbose($hostname ? "ssh $hostname '$cmd'" : $cmd);
1028 ### Prepare ISO image generation
1029 if (defined $iso_image) {
1030 generate_configs("(cd)", $generated, $filename);
1032 generate_syslinux_config(\$menu, $config_name, "/", $modules);
1033 $menu_iso .= "$menu\n";
1034 map { ($file,undef) = split; $files_iso{$file} = 1; } @$modules;
1038 ## Generate ISO image
1039 if (defined $iso_image) {
1040 system_verbose("mkdir -p isolinux");
1043 if (-f '/usr/lib/ISOLINUX/isolinux.bin') {
1044 # Newer ISOLINUX version
1045 @files = qw(/usr/lib/ISOLINUX/isolinux.bin /usr/lib/syslinux/modules/bios/mboot.c32 /usr/lib/syslinux/modules/bios/libcom32.c32 /usr/lib/syslinux/modules/bios/menu.c32 /usr/lib/syslinux/modules/bios/ldlinux.c32);
1046 } elsif (-f '/usr/lib/syslinux/isolinux.bin') {
1047 # Older ISOLINUX version
1048 @files = qw(/usr/lib/syslinux/isolinux.bin /usr/lib/syslinux/mboot.c32 /usr/lib/syslinux/menu.c32);
1050 # NixOS and maybe others
1051 my $syslinux = `which syslinux` || die "Cannot find syslinux";
1053 $syslinux =~ s,/bin/syslinux$,,;
1054 @files = ("$syslinux/share/syslinux/isolinux.bin", "$syslinux/share/syslinux/mboot.c32", "$syslinux/share/syslinux/libcom32.c32", "$syslinux/share/syslinux/menu.c32", "$syslinux/share/syslinux/ldlinux.c32");
1056 system_verbose("cp @files isolinux && chmod +w isolinux/*");
1057 open(my $fh, ">isolinux/isolinux.cfg");
1059 print $fh "TIMEOUT 50\n";
1060 print $fh "DEFAULT menu\n";
1062 print $fh "DEFAULT $config_name\n";
1064 print $fh "$menu_iso";
1067 my $files = join(" ", map("$_=$_", (keys(%files_iso), 'isolinux/isolinux.cfg', map(s|.*/|isolinux/|r, @files))));
1068 $iso_image ||= "$config_name.iso";
1070 # Note: We use -U flag below to "Allow 'untranslated' filenames,
1071 # completely violating the ISO9660 standards". Without this
1072 # option, isolinux is not able to read files names for example
1074 system_verbose("$CFG::genisoimage -R -b isolinux/isolinux.bin -c isolinux/boot.cat -no-emul-boot -boot-load-size 4 -boot-info-table -hide-rr-moved -U -o $iso_image -graft-points $files");
1075 print("ISO image created: $builddir/$iso_image\n");
1078 exit(0) if defined $gen_only;
1080 ## Boot the system using various methods and send serial output to stdout
1082 if (scalar(@scripts) > 1 && ( defined $dhcp_tftp || defined $serial || defined $iprelay)) {
1083 die "You cannot do this with multiple scripts simultaneously";
1086 if ($variables->{WVTEST_TIMEOUT}) {
1087 print STDERR "wvtest: timeout ", $variables->{WVTEST_TIMEOUT}, "\n";
1092 if (defined $qemu) {
1094 $qemu ||= $variables->{QEMU} || $CFG::qemu;
1095 my @qemu_flags = split(" ", $qemu);
1096 $qemu = shift(@qemu_flags);
1098 @qemu_flags = split(/ +/, trim($variables->{QEMU_FLAGS})) if exists $variables->{QEMU_FLAGS};
1099 @qemu_flags = split(/ +/, trim($qemu_flags_cmd)) if $qemu_flags_cmd;
1100 push(@qemu_flags, split(/ +/, trim($qemu_append || '')));
1102 if (defined $iso_image) {
1103 # Boot NOVA with grub (and test the iso image)
1104 push(@qemu_flags, ('-cdrom', $iso_image));
1106 # Boot NOVA without GRUB
1108 # Non-patched qemu doesn't like commas, but NUL can live with pluses instead of commans
1109 foreach (@$modules) {s/,/+/g;}
1110 generate_configs("", $generated, $filename);
1112 if (scalar @$modules) {
1113 my ($kbin, $kcmd) = split(' ', shift(@$modules), 2);
1114 $kcmd = '' if !defined $kcmd;
1116 @$modules = map { if (/\.dtb$/) { $dtb=$_; (); } else { $_ } } @$modules;
1117 my $initrd = join ",", @$modules;
1119 push(@qemu_flags, ('-kernel', $kbin, '-append', $kcmd));
1120 push(@qemu_flags, ('-initrd', $initrd)) if $initrd;
1121 push(@qemu_flags, ('-dtb', $dtb)) if $dtb;
1124 if (!grep /^-serial$/, @qemu_flags) {
1125 push(@qemu_flags, qw(-serial stdio)); # Redirect serial output (for collecting test restuls)
1127 unshift(@qemu_flags, ('-name', $config_name));
1128 print STDERR "novaboot: Running: ".shell_cmd_string($qemu, @qemu_flags)."\n";
1129 $exp = Expect->spawn(($qemu, @qemu_flags)) || die("exec() failed: $!");
1132 ### Local DHCPD and TFTPD
1134 my ($dhcpd_pid, $tftpd_pid);
1136 $tftp=1 if $tftp_port;
1138 if (defined $dhcp_tftp)
1140 generate_configs("(nd)", $generated, $filename);
1141 system_verbose('mkdir -p tftpboot');
1142 generate_grub_config("tftpboot/os-menu.lst", $config_name, "(nd)", \@$modules, "timeout 0");
1143 open(my $fh, '>', 'dhcpd.conf');
1144 my $mac = `cat /sys/class/net/$netif/address`;
1147 subnet 10.23.23.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
1148 range 10.23.23.10 10.23.23.100;
1149 next-server 10.23.23.1;
1151 class \"pxe-clients\" {
1152 match option vendor-class-identifier;
1154 subclass \"pxe-clients\" \"PXEClient:Arch:00000:UNDI:002001\" {
1155 option bootfile-name \"boot/grub/i386-pc/core.0\";
1157 subclass \"pxe-clients\" \"PXEClient:Arch:00007:UNDI:003016\" {
1158 option bootfile-name \"boot/grub/x86_64-efi/core.efi\";
1161 hardware ethernet $mac;
1162 fixed-address 10.23.23.1;
1165 system_verbose("sudo ip a add 10.23.23.1/24 dev $netif;
1166 sudo ip l set dev $netif up;
1167 sudo touch dhcpd.leases");
1169 # We run servers by forking ourselves, because the servers end up
1170 # in our process group and get killed by signals sent to the
1171 # process group (e.g. Ctrl-C on terminal).
1172 $dhcpd_pid = fork();
1173 exec_verbose("sudo dhcpd -d -cf dhcpd.conf -lf dhcpd.leases -pf dhcpd.pid") if ($dhcpd_pid == 0);
1176 if (defined $dhcp_tftp || defined $tftp) {
1178 my $tftp_root = "$builddir";
1179 $tftp_root = "$server" if(defined $server);
1181 # Prepare a GRUB netboot directory
1182 system_verbose("grub-mknetdir --net-directory=$tftp_root") if (defined $grub2_config);
1184 # Generate TFTP mapfile
1185 open(my $fh, '>', "$tftp_root/mapfile");
1186 print $fh "# Some PXE clients (mainly UEFI) have bug. They add zero byte to the end of the
1187 # path name. This rule removes it
1190 # Unfortunately, tftpd requires root privileges even with
1191 # non-privileged (>1023) port due to initgroups().
1192 system_verbose("sudo in.tftpd --listen --secure -v -v -v --pidfile tftpd.pid -m mapfile --address :$tftp_port $tftp_root");
1194 # Kill server when we die
1195 $SIG{__DIE__} = sub { system_verbose('sudo pkill --pidfile=dhcpd.pid') if (defined $dhcp_tftp);
1196 system_verbose("sudo pkill --pidfile=$tftp_root/tftpd.pid"); };
1198 # We have to kill tftpd explicitely, because it is not in our process group
1199 $SIG{INT} = sub { system_verbose("sudo pkill --pidfile=$tftp_root/tftpd.pid"); exit(0); };
1203 if (defined $ider) {
1204 my $ider_cmd= "amtider -c $iso_image -u $amt_user -p $amt_password $amt_host $amt_port" ;
1205 print STDERR "novaboot: Running: $ider_cmd\n" =~ s/\Q$amt_password\E/???/r;
1206 my $ider_pid = fork();
1207 if ($ider_pid == 0) {
1209 die "IDE redirection failed";
1211 # FIXME: This collides with --tftp option. Hopefully, nobody needs
1212 # to use both simultaneously.
1213 $SIG{__DIE__} = sub { system_verbose('kill $ider_pid'); };
1216 ### Reset target (IP relay, AMT, ...)
1218 if (defined $target_reset && $reset) {
1219 print STDERR "novaboot: Resetting the test box... ";
1221 print STDERR "done\n";
1223 # We don't want to output anything printed by the target
1224 # before reset so we clear the buffers now. This is, however,
1225 # not ideal because we may loose some data that were sent
1226 # after the reset. If this is a problem, one should reset and
1227 # connect to serial line in atomic manner. For example, if
1228 # supported by hardware, use --remote-cmd 'sterm -d ...' and
1229 # do not use separate --reset-cmd.
1230 my $log = $exp->log_stdout;
1231 $exp->log_stdout(0);
1232 $exp->expect(0); # Read data from target
1233 $exp->clear_accum(); # Clear the read data
1234 $exp->log_stdout($log);
1238 ### U-boot conversation
1239 if (defined $uboot) {
1240 my $uboot_prompt = $uboot || '=> ';
1241 print STDERR "novaboot: Waiting for U-Boot prompt...\n";
1242 $exp || die("No serial line connection");
1243 $exp->log_stdout(1);
1244 #$exp->exp_internal(1);
1246 [qr/Hit any key to stop autoboot:/, sub {
1247 $exp->send($uboot_stop_key // "\n");
1249 $uboot_prompt) || die "No U-Boot prompt deteceted";
1250 foreach my $cmdspec (@uboot_init) {
1251 my ($cmd, $timeout);
1252 die "Internal error - please report a bug" unless ref($cmdspec) eq "HASH";
1254 if ($cmdspec->{system}) {
1255 $cmd = `$cmdspec->{system}`;
1257 $cmd = $cmdspec->{command};
1259 $timeout = $cmdspec->{timeout} // 10;
1261 if ($cmd =~ /\$NB_MYIP/) {
1262 my $ip = (grep /inet /, `ip addr show $netif`)[0] || die "Problem determining IP address of $netif";
1263 $ip =~ s/\s*inet ([0-9.]*).*/$1/;
1264 $cmd =~ s/\$NB_MYIP/$ip/g;
1266 if ($cmd =~ /\$NB_PREFIX/) {
1269 $cmd =~ s/\$NB_PREFIX/$p/g;
1272 $exp->send("$cmd\n");
1274 my ($matched_pattern_position, $error,
1275 $successfully_matching_string,
1276 $before_match, $after_match) =
1277 $exp->expect($timeout, $uboot_prompt);
1278 die "No U-Boot prompt: $error" if $error;
1280 if ($cmdspec->{dest}) {
1281 open(my $fh, ">", $cmdspec->{dest}) or die "Cannot open '$cmdspec->{dest}': $!";
1282 print $fh $before_match;
1287 # Load files if there are some load lines in the script
1288 if (scalar(@$modules) > 0 && !$variables->{NO_BOOT}) {
1289 my ($kbin, $kcmd) = split(' ', shift(@$modules), 2);
1291 @$modules = map { if (/\.dtb$/) { $dtb=$_; (); } else { $_ } } @$modules;
1292 my $initrd = shift @$modules;
1294 if (defined $kbin && $kbin ne '/dev/null') {
1295 die "No '--uboot-addr kernel' given" unless $uboot_addr{kernel};
1296 $exp->send("tftpboot $uboot_addr{kernel} $prefix$kbin\n");
1298 [qr/##/, sub { exp_continue; }],
1299 $uboot_prompt) || die "Kernel load: " . ($! || "timeout");
1302 die "No '--uboot-addr fdt' given" unless $uboot_addr{fdt};
1303 $exp->send("tftpboot $uboot_addr{fdt} $prefix$dtb\n");
1305 [qr/##/, sub { exp_continue; }],
1306 $uboot_prompt) || die "Device tree load: " . ($! || "timeout");
1308 $uboot_addr{fdt} = '';
1310 if (defined $initrd) {
1311 die "No '--uboot-addr ramdisk' given" unless $uboot_addr{ramdisk};
1312 $exp->send("tftpboot $uboot_addr{ramdisk} $prefix$initrd\n");
1314 [qr/##/, sub { exp_continue; }],
1315 $uboot_prompt) || die "Initrd load: " . ($! || "timeout");
1317 $uboot_addr{ramdisk} = '-';
1321 $exp->send("setenv bootargs $kcmd\n");
1322 $exp->expect(5, $uboot_prompt) || die "U-Boot prompt: " . ($! || "timeout");
1325 $uboot_cmd //= $variables->{UBOOT_CMD} // 'bootm $kernel_addr $ramdisk_addr $fdt_addr';
1326 if (!$variables->{NO_BOOT} && $uboot_cmd ne '') {
1327 $uboot_cmd =~ s/\$kernel_addr/$uboot_addr{kernel}/g;
1328 $uboot_cmd =~ s/\$ramdisk_addr/$uboot_addr{ramdisk}/g;
1329 $uboot_cmd =~ s/\$fdt_addr/$uboot_addr{fdt}/g;
1331 $exp->send($uboot_cmd . "\n");
1332 $exp->expect(5, "\n") || die "U-Boot command: " . ($! || "timeout");
1336 ### Serial line interaction
1337 if ($interaction && defined $exp) {
1338 # Serial line of the target is available
1339 my $interrupt = 'Ctrl-C';
1340 if ($interactive && !@exiton) {
1341 $interrupt = '"~~."';
1343 print STDERR "novaboot: Serial line interaction (press $interrupt to interrupt)...\n";
1344 $exp->log_stdout(1);
1346 $exp->expect($exiton_timeout, @exiton, @expect_raw) || die("exiton: " . ($! || "timeout"));
1348 my @inputs = ($exp);
1349 my $infile = new IO::File;
1350 $infile->IO::File::fdopen(*STDIN,'r');
1351 my $in_object = Expect->exp_init($infile);
1352 $in_object->set_group($exp);
1355 $in_object->set_seq('~~\.', sub { print STDERR "novaboot: Escape sequence detected\r\n"; undef; });
1356 $in_object->manual_stty(0); # Use raw terminal mode
1358 $in_object->manual_stty(1); # Do not modify terminal settings
1360 push(@inputs, $in_object);
1362 #print Dumper(\@expect_raw);
1363 $exp->expect(undef, @expect_raw) if @expect_raw;
1365 $^W = 0; # Suppress Expect warning: handle id(3) is not a tty. Not changing mode at /usr/share/perl5/Expect.pm line 393, <> line 8.
1366 Expect::interconnect(@inputs) unless defined($exp->exitstatus);
1371 # When exp-spawned command ignores SIGHUP, Expect waits 5 seconds
1372 # before killing it. We kill it by SIGTERM immediately.
1373 kill TERM => $exp->pid if defined $exp && $exp->pid;
1375 ## Kill dhcpc or tftpd
1376 if (defined $dhcp_tftp || defined $tftp) {
1377 die("novaboot: This should kill servers on background\n");
1380 # Always finish novaboot output with newline
1381 print "\n" if $final_eol;
1389 novaboot - Boots a locally compiled operating system on a remote
1396 B<novaboot> [option]... [--] script...
1398 B<./script> [option]...
1402 Novaboot makes booting of a locally compiled operating system (OS)
1403 (e.g. NOVA or Linux) on remote targets as simple as running a program
1404 locally. It automates things like copying OS images to a TFTP server,
1405 generation of bootloader configuration files, resetting of target
1406 hardware or redirection of target's serial line to stdin/out. Novaboot
1407 is highly configurable and makes it easy to boot a single image on
1408 different targets or different images on a single target.
1410 Novaboot operation is controlled by configuration files, command line
1411 options and by a so-called novaboot script, which can be thought as a
1412 generalization of bootloader configuration files (see L</"NOVABOOT
1413 SCRIPT SYNTAX">). The typical way of using novaboot is to make the
1414 novaboot script executable and set its first line to I<#!/usr/bin/env
1415 novaboot>. Then, booting a particular OS configuration becomes the
1416 same as executing a local program – the novaboot script.
1418 Novaboot uses configuration files to, among other things, define
1419 command line options needed for different targets. Users typically use
1420 only the B<-t>/B<--target> command line option to select the target.
1421 Internally, this option expands to the pre-configured options.
1422 Novaboot searches configuration files at multiple places, which allows
1423 having per-system, per-user or per-project configurations.
1424 Configuration file syntax is described in section L</"CONFIGURATION
1427 Novaboot newcomers may be confused by a large number of configuration
1428 options. Understanding all these options is not always needed,
1429 depending on the used setup. The L<figure from the doc directory
1430 |https://github.com/wentasah/novaboot/blob/master/doc/typical-setups.svg>
1431 shows different setups that vary in how much effort is needed
1432 to configure novaboot for them. The setups are:
1436 =item A: Laptop and target device only
1438 This requires to configure everything on the laptop side, including a
1439 serial line connection (L</--serial>, L</--remote-cmd>, ...), power
1440 on/off/reset commands (L</--reset-cmd>, ...), TFTP server
1441 (L</--copy>, L</--prefix>...), device IP addresses, etc.
1443 =item B: Laptop, target device and external TFTP server
1445 Like the previous setup, but the TFTP (and maybe DHCP) configuration
1446 is handled by a server. Novaboot users need to understand where to
1447 copy their files to the TFTP server (L</--copy>) and which IP
1448 addresses their target will get, but do not need to configure the
1451 =item C: Novaboot server running novaboot-shell
1453 With this setup, the configuration is done on the server. Users only
1454 need to know the SSH account (L</--ssh>) used to communicate between
1455 novaboot and novaboot server. The server is implemented as a
1456 restricted shell (L<novaboot-shell(1)>) on the server. No need to give
1457 full shell access to novaboot users on the server.
1461 =head2 Simple examples of using C<novaboot>:
1463 To boot Linux (files F<bzImage> and F<rootfs.cpio> in current
1464 directory), create F<mylinux> file with this content:
1466 #!/usr/bin/env novaboot
1467 load bzImage console=ttyS0,115200
1474 Booting an OS in Qemu can be accomplished by giving the B<--qemu> option.
1477 novaboot --qemu mylinux
1479 (or C<./mylinux --qemu> as described above) will run Qemu and make it
1480 boot the configuration specified in the F<mylinux> script. How is qemu
1481 started can be configured in various ways (see below).
1485 Create a bootloader configuration file (currently supported
1486 bootloaders are GRUB, GRUB2, ISOLINUX, Pulsar, and U-Boot) and copy it
1487 with all other files needed for booting to a remote TFTP server. Then
1488 use a TCP/IP-controlled relay/serial-to-TCP converter to reset the
1489 target and receive its serial output.
1491 ./mylinux --grub2 --copy=192.168.1.1:/tftp --iprelay=192.168.1.2
1493 Alternatively, you can put these switches to the configuration file
1496 ./mylinux --target mytarget
1500 Specifying all the options needed by novaboot to successfully control
1501 the target, either on command line or in configuration files, can be
1502 difficult for users. Novaboot supports configuring the target
1503 centrally via L<novaboot-shell(1)> on a server. With such a
1504 configuration, users only need to use the B<--ssh> option to specify
1505 where to boot their OS:
1507 ./mylinux --ssh myboard@example.com
1509 Typically, the server is the computer connected to and controlling the
1510 target board and running the TFTP server.
1514 Run DHCP and TFTP server on developer's machine to boot the target
1517 ./mylinux --dhcp-tftp
1519 This usage is useful when no network infrastructure is in place, and
1520 the target is connected directly to developer's box.
1524 Create bootable ISO image.
1526 novaboot --iso -- script1 script2
1528 The created ISO image will have ISOLINUX bootloader installed on it,
1529 and the boot menu will allow selecting between I<script1> and
1530 I<script2> configurations.
1534 =head1 OPTIONS AND PHASES
1536 Novaboot performs its work in several phases. Command line options
1537 described bellow influence the execution of each phase or allow their
1538 skipping. The list of phases (in the execution order) is as follows.
1542 =item 1. L<Configuration reading|/Configuration reading phase>
1544 =item 2. L<Command line processing|/Command line processing phase>
1546 =item 3. L<Script preprocessing|/Script preprocessing phase>
1548 =item 4. L<File generation|/File generation phase>
1550 =item 5. L<Target connection|/Target connection check>
1552 =item 6. L<File deployment|/File deployment phase>
1554 =item 7. L<Target power-on and reset|/Target power-on and reset phase>
1556 =item 8. L<Interaction with the bootloader|/Interaction with the bootloader on the target>
1558 =item 9. L<Target interaction|/Target interaction phase>
1562 Each phase is described in the following sections together with the
1563 command line options that control it.
1565 =head2 Configuration reading phase
1567 After starting, novaboot reads zero or more configuration files. We
1568 describe their content in section L</"CONFIGURATION FILES">. By default, the
1569 configuration is read from multiple locations. First from the system
1570 configuration directory (F</etc/novaboot.d/>), second from the user
1571 configuration file (F<~/.config/novaboot>) and third from F<.novaboot>
1572 files along the path to the current directory. Alternatively, a single
1573 configuration file specified with the B<-c> switch or with the
1574 C<NOVABOOT_CONFIG> environment variable is read. The latter read files
1575 override settings from the former ones.
1577 The system configuration directory is determined by the content of
1578 NOVABOOT_CONFIG_DIR environment variable and defaults to
1579 F</etc/novaboot.d>. Files in this directory with names consisting
1580 solely of English letters, numbers, dashes '-' and underscores '_'
1581 (note that dot '.' is not included) are read in alphabetical order.
1583 Then, the user configuration file is read from
1584 F<$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/novaboot>. If C<$XDG_CONFIG_HOME> environment
1585 variable is not set F<~/.config/novaboot> is read instead.
1587 Finally, novaboot searches for files named F<.novaboot> starting from the
1588 directory of the novaboot script (or working directory, see bellow)
1589 and continuing upwards up to the root directory. The found
1590 configuration files are then read in the opposite order (i.e. from the
1591 root directory downwards). This ordering allows having, for example, a project
1592 specific configuration in F<~/project/.novaboot>.
1594 Note the difference between F<~/.config/novaboot> and F<~/.novaboot>.
1595 The former one is always read, whereas the latter only when novaboot
1596 script or working directory is under the C<$HOME> directory.
1598 In certain cases, the location of the novaboot script cannot be
1599 determined in this early phase. This situation happens either when the script is
1600 read from the standard input or when novaboot is invoked explicitly as
1601 in the example L</"4."> above. In this case, the current working
1602 directory is used as a starting point for configuration file search
1603 instead of the novaboot script directory.
1607 =item -c, --config=I<filename>
1609 Use the specified configuration file instead of the default one(s).
1613 =head2 Command line processing phase
1619 Dump the current configuration to stdout end exit. Useful as an
1620 initial template for a configuration file.
1624 Print short (B<-h>) or long (B<--help>) help.
1626 =item -t, --target=I<target>
1628 This option serves as a user configurable shortcut for other novaboot
1629 options. The effect of this option is the same as specifying the
1630 options stored in the C<%targets> configuration variable under key
1631 I<target>. See also L</"CONFIGURATION FILES">.
1633 When this option is not given, novaboot tries to determine the target
1634 to use from either B<NOVABOOT_TARGET> environment variable or
1635 B<$default_target> configuration file variable.
1637 =item --ssh=I<user@hostname>
1639 Configures novaboot to control the target via C<novaboot-shell>
1640 running remotely via SSH.
1642 Using this option is the same as specifying B<--remote-cmd>,
1643 B<--remote-expect>, B<--copy> B<--rsync-flags>, B<--prefix> and
1644 B<--reset-cmd> manually in a way compatible with C<novaboot-shell>.
1645 The server can be configured to provide other, safe bootloader-related
1646 options, to the client. When this happens, novaboot prints them to
1649 Currently, this in an initial experimental implementation. We plan to
1650 change/extend this feature soon!
1654 =head2 Script preprocessing phase
1656 This phase allows modifying the parsed novaboot script before it is
1657 used in the later phases.
1661 =item -a, --append=I<parameters>
1663 Append a string to the first C<load> line in the novaboot script. This option
1664 can be used to append parameters to the kernel's or root task's
1665 command line. This option can appear multiple times.
1669 Use L<Bender|https://github.com/TUD-OS/morbo/blob/master/standalone/bender.c>
1670 chainloader. Bender scans the PCI bus for PCI serial ports and stores
1671 the information about them in the BIOS data area for use by the
1674 =item --chainloader=I<chainloader>
1676 Specifies a chainloader that is loaded before the kernel and other
1677 files specified in the novaboot script. E.g. 'bin/boot/bender
1682 Print the modules to boot and their parameters, after this phase
1683 finishes. Then exit. This is useful for seeing the effect of other
1684 options in this section.
1686 =item -k, --kernel=F<file>
1688 Replace the first word on the first C<load> line in the novaboot
1689 script with F<file>.
1691 =item --scriptmod=I<Perl expression>
1693 When novaboot reads the script, I<Perl expression> is executed for every
1694 line (in $_ variable). For example, C<novaboot
1695 --scriptmod=s/sigma0/omega6/g> replaces every occurrence of I<sigma0>
1696 in the script with I<omega6>.
1698 When this option is present, it overrides I<$script_modifier> variable
1699 from the configuration file, which has the same effect. If this option
1700 is given multiple times all expressions are evaluated in the command
1705 =head2 File generation phase
1707 In this phase, files needed for booting are generated in a so-called
1708 I<build directory> (see L</--build-dir>). In most cases configuration
1709 for a bootloader is generated automatically by novaboot. It is also
1710 possible to generate other files using I<heredoc> or I<"<"> syntax in
1711 novaboot scripts. Finally, novaboot can generate binaries in this phases by
1712 running C<scons> or C<make>.
1716 =item --build-dir=I<directory>
1718 Overrides the default build directory location.
1720 The default build directory location is determined as follows: If the
1721 configuration file defines the C<$builddir> variable, its value is
1722 used. Otherwise, it is the directory that contains the first processed
1725 See also L</BUILDDIR> variable.
1727 =item -g, --grub[=I<filename>]
1729 Generates grub bootloader menu file. If the I<filename> is not
1730 specified, F<menu.lst> is used. The I<filename> is relative to the
1731 build directory (see B<--build-dir>).
1733 =item --grub-preamble=I<prefix>
1735 Specifies the I<preamble> that is at the beginning of the generated
1736 GRUB or GRUB2 config files. This is useful for specifying GRUB's
1739 =item --prefix=I<prefix>
1741 Specifies I<prefix> (e.g. F</srv/tftp>) that is put in front of every
1742 filename in generated bootloader configuration files (or in U-Boot
1745 If the I<prefix> contains string $NAME, it will be replaced with the
1746 name of the novaboot script (see also B<--name>).
1748 If the I<prefix> contains string $BUILDDIR, it will be replaced with
1749 the build directory (see also B<--build-dir>).
1753 Alias for B<--prefix>.
1755 =item --grub2[=I<filename>]
1757 Generate GRUB2 menu entry in I<filename>. If I<filename> is not
1758 specified F<./boot/grub/grub.cfg> is used. The content of the menu entry can be
1759 customized with B<--grub-preamble>, B<--grub2-prolog> or
1760 B<--grub_prefix> options.
1762 GRUB2 can boot multiboot-compliant kernels and a few kernels with specific
1763 support. L</BOOT_METHOD> could be used to specify the command used by GRUB2 to
1764 load the kernel. See L<GNU GRUB Manual|https://www.gnu.org/software/grub/manual/grub/grub.html#Booting>.
1766 To use the generated menu entry on your development
1767 machine that uses GRUB2, append the following snippet to
1768 F</etc/grub.d/40_custom> file and regenerate your grub configuration,
1769 i.e. run update-grub on Debian/Ubuntu.
1771 if [ -f /path/to/nul/build/grub.cfg ]; then
1772 source /path/to/nul/build/grub.cfg
1775 =item --grub2-prolog=I<prolog>
1777 Specifies the text that novaboot puts at the beginning of the GRUB2 menu entry.
1779 =item -m, --make[=make command]
1781 Runs C<make> to build files that are not generated by novaboot itself.
1783 =item --name=I<string>
1785 Use the name I<string> instead of the name of the novaboot script.
1786 This name is used for things like a title of grub menu or for the
1787 server directory where the boot files are copied to.
1791 Do not run external commands to generate files (i.e. "<" syntax and
1792 C<run> keyword). This switch does not influence the generation of files
1793 specified with "<<WORD" syntax.
1795 =item -p, --pulsar[=mac]
1797 Generates pulsar bootloader configuration file named F<config-I<mac>>
1798 The I<mac> string is typically a MAC address and defaults to
1801 =item --scons[=scons command]
1803 Runs C<scons> to build files that are not generated by novaboot
1808 Strip I<rom://> prefix from command lines and generated config files.
1809 The I<rom://> prefix is used by NUL. For NRE, it has to be stripped.
1813 Exit novaboot after file generation phase.
1817 =head2 Target connection check
1819 In this phase novaboot connects to target's serial port (if it has
1820 one). If another novaboot user/instance occupies the target, novaboot
1821 exits here with an error message.
1825 =item --amt=I<"[user[:password]@]host[:port]>
1827 Use Intel AMT technology to control the target machine. WS management
1828 is used to powercycle it and Serial-Over-Lan (SOL) for input/output.
1829 The hostname or (IP address) is given by the I<host> parameter. If the
1830 I<password> is not specified, environment variable AMT_PASSWORD is
1831 used. The I<port> specifies a TCP port for SOL. If not specified, the
1832 default is 16992. The default I<user> is admin.
1834 =item --iprelay=I<addr[:port]>
1836 Use TCP/IP relay and serial port to access the target's serial port
1837 and powercycle it. The I<addr> parameter specifies the IP address of
1838 the relay. If I<port> is not specified, it defaults to 23.
1840 Note: This option is supposed to work with HWG-ER02a IP relays.
1842 =item --iprelay-cmd=I<command>
1844 Similar to B<--iprelay> but uses I<command> to talk to the iprelay
1845 rather than direct network connection.
1847 =item -s, --serial[=device]
1849 Target's serial line is connected to host's serial line (device). The
1850 default value for device is F</dev/ttyUSB0>.
1852 The value of this option is exported in NB_NOVABOOT environment
1853 variable to all subprocesses run by C<novaboot>.
1855 =item --stty=I<settings>
1857 Specifies settings passed to C<stty> invoked on the serial line
1858 specified with B<--serial> option. If this option is not given,
1859 C<stty> is called with C<raw -crtscts -onlcr 115200> settings.
1861 =item --remote-cmd=I<cmd>
1863 Command that mediates connection to the target's serial line. For
1864 example C<ssh server 'cu -l /dev/ttyS0'>.
1866 =item --remote-expect=I<string>
1868 Wait for reception of I<string> after establishing the remote serial
1869 line connection. Novaboot assumes that after establishing the serial
1870 line connection, the user running novaboot has exclusive access to the
1871 target. If establishing of the serial line connection happens
1872 asynchronously (e.g. running a command remotely via SSH), we need this
1873 option to wait until the exclusive access is confirmed by the remote
1876 Depending on target configuration, this option can solve two practical
1877 problems: 1) Overwriting of files deployed by another user currently
1878 using the target. 2) Resetting the target board before serial line
1879 connection is established and thus missing bootloader interaction.
1881 Example of usage with the L<sterm
1882 tool|https://rtime.felk.cvut.cz/gitweb/sojka/sterm.git>:
1884 --remote-cmd='ssh -tt example.com sterm -v /dev/ttyUSB0' --remote-expect='sterm: Connected'
1886 =item --remote-expect-silent=I<string>
1888 The same as B<--remote-expect> except that the remote output is not
1889 echoed to stdout while waiting for the I<string>. Everything after the
1890 matched string is printed to stdout, so you may want to include line
1891 end characters in the I<string> as well.
1893 =item --remote-expect-timeout=I<seconds>
1895 Timeout in seconds for B<--remote-expect> or
1896 B<--remote-expect-seconds>. When negative, waits forever. The default
1901 =head2 File deployment phase
1903 In some setups, it is necessary to copy the files needed for booting
1904 to a particular location, e.g. to a TFTP boot server or to the
1909 =item -d, --dhcp-tftp
1911 Turns your workstation into a DHCP and TFTP server so that the OS can
1912 be booted via PXE BIOS (or similar mechanism) on the test machine
1913 directly connected by a plain Ethernet cable to your workstation.
1915 The DHCP and TFTP servers require root privileges and C<novaboot>
1916 uses C<sudo> command to obtain those. You can put the following to
1917 I</etc/sudoers> to allow running the necessary commands without asking
1920 Cmnd_Alias NOVABOOT = /bin/ip a add 10.23.23.1/24 dev eth0, /bin/ip l set dev eth0 up, /usr/sbin/dhcpd -d -cf dhcpd.conf -lf dhcpd.leases -pf dhcpd.pid, /usr/sbin/in.tftpd --listen --secure -v -v -v --pidfile tftpd.pid *, /usr/bin/touch dhcpd.leases, /usr/bin/pkill --pidfile=dhcpd.pid, /usr/bin/pkill --pidfile=tftpd.pid
1921 your_login ALL=NOPASSWD: NOVABOOT
1925 Starts a TFTP server on your workstation. This is similar to
1926 B<--dhcp-tftp> except that DHCP server is not started.
1928 The TFTP server requires root privileges and C<novaboot> uses C<sudo>
1929 command to obtain those. You can put the following to I</etc/sudoers>
1930 to allow running the necessary commands without asking for a password.
1932 Cmnd_Alias NOVABOOT = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd --listen --secure -v -v -v --pidfile tftpd.pid *, /usr/bin/pkill --pidfile=tftpd.pid
1933 your_login ALL=NOPASSWD: NOVABOOT
1935 =item --tftp-port=I<port>
1937 Port to run the TFTP server on. Implies B<--tftp>.
1939 =item --netif=I<network interface>
1941 Network interface used to deploy files to the target. This option
1942 influences the configuration of the DHCP server started by
1943 B<--dhcp-tftp> and the value that B<$NB_MYIP> get replaced with during
1944 U-Boot conversation. The default value is C<$netif> variable from
1945 configuration files, which defaults to I<eth0>.
1947 =item --iso[=filename]
1949 Generates the ISO image that boots NOVA system via GRUB. If no filename
1950 is given, the image is stored under I<NAME>.iso, where I<NAME> is the name
1951 of the novaboot script (see also B<--name>).
1953 =item --server[=[[user@]server:]path]
1955 Alias of B<--copy> (kept for backward compatibility).
1957 =item --copy[=[[user@]server:]path]
1959 Copy all files needed for booting to another location. The files will
1960 be copied (by B<rsync> tool) to the directory I<path>. If the I<path>
1961 contains string $NAME, it will be replaced with the name of the
1962 novaboot script (see also B<--name>).
1964 =item --rsync-flags=I<flags>
1966 Specifies I<flags> to append to F<rsync> command line when
1967 copying files as a result of I<--copy> option.
1971 If B<--copy> is used and its value ends with $NAME, then after
1972 copying the files, a new bootloader configuration file (e.g. menu.lst)
1973 is created at I<path-wo-name>, i.e. the path specified by B<--copy>
1974 with $NAME part removed. The content of the file is created by
1975 concatenating all files of the same name from all subdirectories of
1976 I<path-wo-name> found on the "server".
1980 Use Intel AMT technology for IDE redirection. This allows the target
1981 machine to boot from novaboot created ISO image. Implies B<--iso>.
1983 The experimental C<amtider> utility needed by this option can be
1984 obtained from https://github.com/wentasah/amtterm.
1988 =head2 Target power-on and reset phase
1990 At this point, the target is reset (or switched on/off). There are
1991 several ways how this can be accomplished. Resetting a physical target
1992 can currently be accomplished by the following options: B<--amt>,
1993 B<--iprelay>, B<--reset-cmd> and B<--reset-send>.
1999 Switch on/off the target machine and exit. The script (if any) is
2000 completely ignored. Currently, it works only with the following
2001 options: B<--iprelay>, B<--amt>, B<--ssh>.
2003 =item -Q, --qemu[=I<qemu-binary>]
2005 Boot the configuration in qemu. Optionally, the name of qemu binary
2006 can be specified as a parameter.
2008 =item --qemu-append=I<flags>
2010 Append I<flags> to the default qemu flags (QEMU_FLAGS variable or
2011 C<-cpu coreduo -smp 2>).
2013 =item -q, --qemu-flags=I<flags>
2015 Replace the default qemu flags (QEMU_FLAGS variable or C<-cpu coreduo
2016 -smp 2>) with I<flags> specified here.
2018 =item --reset-cmd=I<cmd>
2020 Runs command I<cmd> to reset the target.
2022 =item --reset-send=I<string>
2024 Reset the target by sending the given I<string> to the remote serial
2025 line. "\n" sequences are replaced with the newline character.
2027 =item --no-reset, --reset
2029 Disable/enable resetting of the target.
2033 =head2 Interaction with the bootloader on the target
2037 =item --uboot[=I<prompt>]
2039 Interact with U-Boot bootloader to boot the thing described in the
2040 novaboot script. I<prompt> specifies the U-Boot's prompt (default is
2041 "=> ", other common prompts are "U-Boot> " or "U-Boot# ").
2045 Disable U-Boot interaction previously enabled with B<--uboot>.
2047 =item --uboot-stop-key=I<key>
2049 Character, which is sent as a response to U-Boot's "Hit any key to
2050 stop autoboot" message. The default value is newline, but some devices
2051 (e.g. TP-Link TD-W8970) require a specific key to be pressed.
2055 Command(s) to send the U-Boot bootloader before loading the images and
2056 booting them. This option can be given multiple times. After sending
2057 commands from each option novaboot waits for U-Boot I<prompt>.
2059 If the command contains string I<$NB_MYIP> then this string is
2060 replaced by IPv4 address of eth0 interface (see also B<--netif>).
2061 Similarly, I<$NB_PREFIX> is replaced with prefix given by B<--prefix>.
2063 See also C<uboot> keyword in L</"NOVABOOT SCRIPT SYNTAX">).
2065 =item --uboot-addr I<name>=I<address>
2067 Load address of U-Boot's C<tftpboot> command for loading I<name>,
2068 where name is one of I<kernel>, I<ramdisk> or I<fdt> (flattened device
2071 The default addresses are ${I<name>_addr_r}, i.e. U-Boot environment
2072 variables used by convention for this purpose.
2074 =item --uboot-cmd=I<command>
2076 Specifies U-Boot command used to execute the OS. If the command
2077 contains strings C<$kernel_addr>, C<$ramdisk_addr>, C<$fdt_addr>,
2078 these are replaced with the addresses configured with B<--uboot-addr>.
2080 The default value is
2082 bootm $kernel_addr $ramdisk_addr $fdt_addr
2084 or the C<UBOOT_CMD> variable if defined in the novaboot script.
2088 =head2 Target interaction phase
2090 In this phase, target's serial output is redirected to stdout and if
2091 stdin is a TTY, it is redirected to the target's serial input allowing
2092 interactive work with the target.
2096 =item --exiton=I<string>
2098 When the I<string> is sent by the target, novaboot exits. This option can
2099 be specified multiple times, in which case novaboot exits whenever
2100 either of the specified strings is sent.
2102 If the I<string> is C<-re>, then the next B<--exiton>'s I<string> is
2103 treated as a regular expression. For example:
2105 --exiton -re --exiton 'error:.*failed'
2107 =item --exiton-re=I<regex>
2109 The same as --exiton -re --exiton I<regex>.
2111 =item --exiton-timeout=I<seconds>
2113 By default B<--exiton> waits for the string match forever. When this
2114 option is specified, "exiton" timeouts after the specified number of
2115 seconds and novaboot returns non-zero exit code.
2117 =item -i, --interactive
2119 Setup things for the interactive use of the target. Your terminal will
2120 be switched to raw mode. In raw mode, your local terminal does not
2121 process input in any way (no echoing of entered characters, no
2122 interpretation of special characters). This, among others, means that
2123 Ctrl-C is passed to the target and does not interrupt novaboot. To
2124 exit from novaboot interactive mode type "~~.".
2126 =item --no-interaction, --interaction
2128 Skip resp. force target interaction phase. When skipped, novaboot exits
2129 immediately after the boot is initiated.
2131 =item --expect=I<string>
2133 When the I<string> is received from the target, send the string specified
2134 with the subsequent B<--send*> option to the target.
2136 =item --expect-re=I<regex>
2138 When target's output matches regular expression I<regex>, send the
2139 string specified with the subsequent B<--send*> option to the target.
2141 =item --expect-raw=I<perl-code>
2143 Provides direct control over Perl's Expect module.
2145 =item --send=I<string>
2147 Send I<string> to the target after the previously specified
2148 B<--expect*> was matched in the target's output. The I<string> may
2149 contain escape sequences such as "\n".
2151 Note that I<string> is actually interpreted by Perl, so it can contain
2152 much more that escape sequences. This behavior may change in the
2155 Example: C<--expect='login: ' --send='root\n'>
2157 =item --sendcont=I<string>
2159 Similar to B<--send> but continue expecting more input.
2161 Example: C<--expect='Continue?' --sendcont='yes\n'>
2163 =item --final-eol, --no-final-eol
2165 By default, B<novaboot> always prints an end-of-line character at the
2166 end of its execution in order to ensure that the output of programs
2167 started after novaboot appears at the beginning of the line. When this
2168 is not desired B<--no-final-eol> option can be used to override this
2173 =head1 NOVABOOT SCRIPT SYNTAX
2175 The syntax tries to mimic POSIX shell syntax. The syntax is defined
2176 by the following rules.
2178 Lines starting with "#" and empty lines are ignored.
2180 Lines that end with "\" are concatenated with the following line after
2181 removal of the final "\" and leading whitespace of the following line.
2183 Lines of the form I<VARIABLE=...> (i.e. matching '^[A-Z_]+=' regular
2184 expression) assign values to internal variables. See L</VARIABLES>
2187 Otherwise, the first word on the line defines the meaning of the line.
2188 The following keywords are supported:
2194 These lines represent modules to boot. The
2195 word after C<load> is a file name (relative to the build directory
2196 (see B<--build-dir>) of the module to load and the remaining words are
2197 passed to it as the command line parameters.
2199 When booting Linux, the first C<load> line usually refers to the
2200 kernel image and its command line parameters (unless you use some
2201 special pre-loader). Other C<load> lines may refer to an initramfs
2202 image and/or a device tree blob. Their order is not important, as the
2203 device tree is recognized as the file name ending with C<.dtb>.
2205 When the C<load> line ends with "<<WORD" then the subsequent lines
2206 until the line containing solely WORD are copied literally to the file
2207 named on that line. This is similar to the heredoc feature of UNIX
2210 When the C<load> line ends with "< CMD" then command CMD is executed
2211 with F</bin/sh> and its standard output is stored in the file named on
2212 that line. The SRCDIR variable in CMD's environment is set to the
2213 absolute path of the directory containing the interpreted novaboot
2218 These lines are similar to C<load> lines. The
2219 file mentioned there is copied to the same place as in the case of C<load>
2220 (e.g. tftp server), but the file is not used in the bootloader
2221 configuration. Such a file can be used by the target for other
2222 purposes than booting, e.g. at OS runtime or for firmware update.
2226 Chainload another bootloader. Instead of loading multiboot modules
2227 identified with C<load> keyword, run another bootloader. This is
2228 currently supported only by pulsar and can be used to load e.g. Grub
2229 as in the example below:
2231 chld boot/grub/i386-pc/core.0
2236 Lines starting with C<run> keyword contain shell commands that are run
2237 during file generation phase. This is the same as the "< CMD" syntax
2238 for C<load> keyboard except that the command's output is not
2239 redirected to a file. The ordering of commands is the same as they
2240 appear in the novaboot script.
2244 These lines represent U-Boot commands that are sent to the target if
2245 B<--uboot> option is given. Having a U-Boot line in the novaboot
2246 script is the same as giving B<--uboot-init> option to novaboot. The
2247 following syntax variants are supported:
2250 uboot[:<timeout>] <string> [> <file>]
2251 uboot[:<timeout>] < <shell> [> <file>]
2253 C<string> is the literal U-Boot command.
2255 The C<uboot> keyword can be suffixed with timeout specification. The
2256 syntax is C<uboot:Ns>, where C<N> is the whole number of seconds. If
2257 the U-Boot command prompt does not appear before the timeout, novaboot
2258 fails. The default timeout is 10 seconds.
2260 In the second variant with the C<<> character the shell code is
2261 executed and its standard output is sent to U-Boot. Example:
2263 uboot < printf "mmc write \$loadaddr 1 %x" $(($(/usr/bin/stat -c%s rootfs.ext4) / 512))
2265 When C<E<gt> file> part is present, the output of the U-Boot command
2266 is written into the given file.
2272 #!/usr/bin/env novaboot
2273 load bzImage console=ttyS0,115200
2274 run make -C buildroot
2275 load rootfs.cpio < gen_cpio buildroot/images/rootfs.cpio "myapp->/etc/init.d/S99myapp"
2277 Example (NOVA User Land - NUL):
2279 #!/usr/bin/env novaboot
2280 WVDESC=Example program
2281 load bin/apps/sigma0.nul S0_DEFAULT script_start:1,1 \
2282 verbose hostkeyb:0,0x60,1,12,2
2283 load bin/apps/hello.nul
2284 load hello.nulconfig <<EOF
2285 sigma0::mem:16 name::/s0/log name::/s0/timer name::/s0/fs/rom ||
2286 rom://bin/apps/hello.nul
2289 This example will load three modules: F<sigma0.nul>, F<hello.nul> and
2290 F<hello.nulconfig>. sigma0 receives some command line parameters and
2291 F<hello.nulconfig> file is generated on the fly from the lines between
2292 C<<<EOF> and C<EOF>.
2294 Example (Zynq system update via U-Boot):
2296 #!/usr/bin/env novaboot
2300 # Write kernel to FAT filesystem on the 1st SD card partition
2301 run mkimage -f uboot-image.its image.ub
2303 uboot:60s tftpboot ${loadaddr} $NB_PREFIX/image.ub
2304 uboot fatwrite mmc 0:1 ${loadaddr} image.ub $filesize
2305 uboot set bootargs console=ttyPS0,115200 root=/dev/mmcblk0p2
2307 # Write root FS image to the 2nd SD card partition
2308 copy rootfs/images/rootfs.ext4
2309 uboot:60s tftpboot ${loadaddr} $NB_PREFIX/rootfs/images/rootfs.ext4
2310 uboot mmc part > mmc-part.txt
2311 uboot < printf "mmc write \$loadaddr %x %x" $(awk '{ if ($1 == "2") { print $2 }}' mmc-part.txt) $(($(/usr/bin/stat -L --printf=%s rootfs/images/rootfs.ext4) / 512))
2318 The following variables are interpreted in the novaboot script:
2324 Specifies the way GRUB2 boots the kernel. For kernels with multiboot
2325 support use C<multiboot> method (the default). For Linux kernel use C<linux> method.
2329 Novaboot chdir()s to this directory before file generation phase. The
2330 directory name specified here is relative to the build directory
2331 specified by other means (see L</--build-dir>).
2335 Assigning this variable has the same effect as specifying L</--exiton>
2340 Setting this variable to zero is the same as giving
2341 L</--no-interaction>, specifying to one corresponds to
2344 =item HYPERVISOR_PARAMS
2346 Parameters passed to the hypervisor. The default value is "serial", unless
2347 overridden in the configuration file.
2351 The kernel to use instead of the hypervisor specified in the
2352 configuration file with the C<$hypervisor> variable. The value should
2353 contain the name of the kernel image as well as its command line
2354 parameters. If this variable is defined and non-empty, the variable
2355 HYPERVISOR_PARAMS is not used.
2359 If this variable is 1, the system is not booted. This is currently
2360 only implemented for U-Boot bootloader where it is useful for
2361 interacting with the bootloader without booting the system - e.g. for
2366 Use a specific qemu binary (can be overridden with B<-Q>) and flags
2367 when booting this script under qemu. If QEMU_FLAGS variable is also
2368 specified flags specified in QEMU variable are replaced by those in
2373 Use specific qemu flags (can be overridden with B<-q>).
2377 See L</--uboot-cmd>.
2381 Description of the WvTest-compliant program.
2383 =item WVTEST_TIMEOUT
2385 The timeout in seconds for WvTest harness. If no complete line appears
2386 in the test output within the time specified here, the test fails. It
2387 is necessary to specify this for long running tests that produce no
2388 intermediate output.
2392 =head1 CONFIGURATION FILES
2394 Novaboot can read its configuration from one or more files. By
2395 default, novaboot looks for files in F</etc/novaboot.d>, file
2396 F<~/.config/novaboot> and files named F<.novaboot> as described in
2397 L</Configuration reading phase>. Alternatively, configuration file
2398 location can be specified with the B<-c> switch or with the
2399 NOVABOOT_CONFIG environment variable. The configuration file has Perl
2400 syntax (i.e. it is better to put C<1;> as the last line) and should set
2401 values of certain Perl variables. The current configuration can be
2402 dumped with the B<--dump-config> switch. Some configuration variables
2403 can be overridden by environment variables (see below) or by command
2406 Supported configuration variables include:
2412 Build directory location relative to the location of the configuration
2415 =item $default_target
2417 Default target (see below) to use when no target is explicitly
2418 specified with the B<--target> command line option or
2419 B<NOVABOOT_TARGET> environment variable.
2423 Default value for the B<--netif> option. If not specified, it defaults
2428 Hash of target definitions to be used with the B<--target> option. The
2429 key is the identifier of the target, the value is the string with
2430 command line options. For instance, if the configuration file contains:
2432 $targets{'mybox'} = '--copy=boot:/tftproot --serial=/dev/ttyUSB0 --grub',
2434 then the following two commands are equivalent:
2436 ./myos --copy=boot:/tftproot --serial=/dev/ttyUSB0 --grub
2441 =head1 ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
2443 Some options can be specified not only via config file or command line
2444 but also through environment variables. Environment variables override
2445 the values from the configuration file and command line parameters
2446 override the environment variables.
2450 =item NOVABOOT_CONFIG
2452 Name of the novaboot configuration file to use instead of the default
2455 =item NOVABOOT_CONFIG_DIR
2457 Name of the novaboot configuration directory. When not specified
2458 F</etc/novaboot.d> is used.
2460 =item NOVABOOT_TARGET
2462 Name of the novaboot target to use. This overrides the value of
2463 B<$default_target> from the configuration file and can be overridden
2464 with the B<--target> command line option.
2466 =item NOVABOOT_BENDER
2468 Defining this variable has the same effect as using B<--bender>
2475 Michal Sojka <sojka@os.inf.tu-dresden.de>
2477 Latest novaboot version can be found at
2478 L<https://github.com/wentasah/novaboot>.
2482 # LocalWords: novaboot Novaboot NOVABOOT TFTP PXE DHCP filename stty
2483 # LocalWords: chainloader stdout Qemu qemu preprocessing ISOLINUX bootable
2484 # LocalWords: config subprocesses sudo sudoers tftp dhcp IDE stdin
2485 # LocalWords: subdirectories TTY whitespace heredoc POSIX WvTest