3 # This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
4 # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
5 # the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or
6 # (at your option) any later version.
8 # This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
9 # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
10 # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
11 # GNU General Public License for more details.
13 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
14 # along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
20 use warnings (exists $ENV{NOVABOOT_TEST} ? (FATAL => 'all') : ());
21 use Getopt::Long qw(GetOptionsFromString GetOptionsFromArray);
26 use Time::HiRes("usleep");
30 use POSIX qw(:errno_h sysconf);
31 use Cwd qw(getcwd abs_path);
37 my $invocation_dir = $ENV{PWD} || getcwd();
39 ## Configuration file handling
41 # Default configuration
42 $CFG::hypervisor = "";
43 $CFG::hypervisor_params = "serial";
44 $CFG::genisoimage = "genisoimage";
45 $CFG::qemu = 'qemu-system-i386 -cpu coreduo -smp 2';
46 $CFG::default_target = '';
49 "tud" => '--server=erwin.inf.tu-dresden.de:~sojka/boot/novaboot --rsync-flags="--chmod=Dg+s,ug+w,o-w,+rX --rsync-path=\"umask 002 && rsync\"" --grub --grub-prefix=(nd)/tftpboot/sojka/novaboot --grub-preamble="timeout 0" --concat --iprelay=141.76.48.80:2324 --scriptmod=s/\\\\bhostserial\\\\b/hostserialpci/g',
50 "novabox" => '--server=rtime.felk.cvut.cz:/srv/tftp/novaboot --rsync-flags="--chmod=Dg+s,ug+w,o-w,+rX --rsync-path=\"umask 002 && rsync\"" --pulsar --iprelay=147.32.86.92:2324',
51 "localhost" => '--scriptmod=s/console=tty[A-Z0-9,]+// --server=/boot/novaboot/$NAME --grub2 --grub-prefix=/boot/novaboot/$NAME --grub2-prolog=" set root=\'(hd0,msdos1)\'"',
52 "ryu" => '--uboot --uboot-init="mw f0000b00 \${psc_cfg}; sleep 1" --uboot-addr kernel=800000 --uboot-addr ramdisk=b00000 --uboot-addr fdt=7f0000',
53 "ryuglab" => '--target ryu --server=pc-sojkam.felk.cvut.cz:/srv/tftp --remote-cmd="ssh -tt pc-sojkam.felk.cvut.cz \"sterm -d -s 115200 /dev/ttyUSB0\""',
54 "ryulocal" => '--target ryu --dhcp-tftp --serial --reset-cmd="if which dtrrts; then dtrrts $NB_SERIAL 0 1; sleep 0.1; dtrrts $NB_SERIAL 1 1; fi"',
59 $const{linux}->{_SC_NPROCESSORS_CONF} = 83;
60 my $nproc = sysconf($const{$^O}->{_SC_NPROCESSORS_CONF});
62 $CFG::scons = "scons -j$nproc";
63 $CFG::make = "make -j$nproc";
71 package CFG; # Put config data into a separate namespace
77 die("ERROR: Failure compiling '$cfg' - $@");
78 } elsif (! defined($rc)) {
79 die("ERROR: Failure reading '$cfg' - $!");
81 die("ERROR: Failure processing '$cfg'");
84 $builddir = File::Spec->rel2abs($CFG::builddir, dirname($cfg)) if defined $CFG::builddir;
85 print STDERR "novaboot: Read $cfg\n";
90 # We don't use $0 here, because it points to the novaboot itself and
91 # not to the novaboot script. The problem with this approach is that
92 # when a script is run as "novaboot <options> <script>" then $ARGV[0]
93 # contains the first option. Hence the -f check.
94 my $dir = File::Spec->rel2abs($ARGV[0] && -f $ARGV[0] ? dirname($ARGV[0]) : '', $invocation_dir);
95 while ((-d $dir || -l $dir ) && $dir ne "/") {
96 push @cfgs, "$dir/.novaboot" if -r "$dir/.novaboot";
97 my @dirs = File::Spec->splitdir($dir);
98 $dir = File::Spec->catdir(@dirs[0..$#dirs-1]);
100 @cfgs = reverse @cfgs;
102 my $xdg_config_home = $ENV{'XDG_CONFIG_HOME'} || $ENV{'HOME'}.'/.config';
103 unshift(@cfgs, "$xdg_config_home/novaboot") if -r "$xdg_config_home/novaboot";
105 $dir = $ENV{'NOVABOOT_CONFIG_DIR'} || '/etc/novaboot.d';
106 if (opendir(my $dh, $dir)) {
107 my @etccfg = map { "$dir/$_" } grep { /^[-_a-zA-Z0-9]+$/ && -f "$dir/$_" } readdir($dh);
109 @etccfg = sort(@etccfg);
110 @cfgs = ( @etccfg, @cfgs );
113 my $cfg = $ENV{'NOVABOOT_CONFIG'};
114 Getopt::Long::Configure(qw/no_ignore_case pass_through/);
115 GetOptions ("config|c=s" => \$cfg);
116 read_config($_) foreach $cfg or @cfgs;
118 ## Command line handling
120 my $explicit_target = $ENV{'NOVABOOT_TARGET'};
121 GetOptions ("target|t=s" => \$explicit_target);
123 my ($amt, @append, $bender, @chainloaders, $concat, $config_name_opt, $dhcp_tftp, $dump_opt, $dump_config, @exiton, $exiton_timeout, @expect_raw, $final_eol, $gen_only, $grub_config, $grub_prefix, $grub_preamble, $grub2_prolog, $grub2_config, $help, $ider, $interaction, $iprelay, $iso_image, $interactive, $kernel_opt, $make, $man, $netif, $no_file_gen, $off_opt, $on_opt, $pulsar, $pulsar_root, $qemu, $qemu_append, $qemu_flags_cmd, $remote_cmd, $remote_expect, $remote_expect_silent, $reset, $reset_cmd, $rom_prefix, $rsync_flags, @scriptmod, $scons, $serial, $server, $stty, $tftp, $tftp_port, $uboot, %uboot_addr, $uboot_cmd, @uboot_init);
125 # Default values of certain command line options
127 'kernel' => '${kernel_addr_r}',
128 'ramdisk' => '${ramdisk_addr_r}',
129 'fdt' => '${fdt_addr_r}',
132 $rom_prefix = 'rom://';
133 $stty = 'raw -crtscts -onlcr 115200';
134 $reset = 1; # Reset target by default
135 $interaction = 1; # Perform target interaction by default
139 my @expect_seen = ();
143 push(@expect_seen, '-re') if $n eq "expect-re";
144 push(@expect_seen, $v);
150 unless (@expect_seen) { die("No --expect before --send"); }
151 my $ret = ($n eq "sendcont") ? exp_continue : 0;
152 unshift(@expect_raw, sub { shift->send(eval("\"$v\"")); $ret; });
153 unshift(@expect_raw, @expect_seen);
160 "append|a=s" => \@append,
161 "bender|b" => \$bender,
162 "build-dir=s" => sub { my ($n, $v) = @_; $builddir = File::Spec->rel2abs($v); },
163 "concat" => \$concat,
164 "chainloader=s" => \@chainloaders,
165 "dhcp-tftp|d" => \$dhcp_tftp,
166 "dump" => \$dump_opt,
167 "dump-config" => \$dump_config,
168 "exiton=s" => \@exiton,
169 "exiton-timeout=i"=> \$exiton_timeout,
170 "exiton-re=s" => sub { my ($n, $v) = @_; push(@exiton, '-re', $v); },
171 "expect=s" => \&handle_expect,
172 "expect-re=s" => \&handle_expect,
173 "expect-raw=s" => sub { my ($n, $v) = @_; unshift(@expect_raw, eval($v)); },
174 "final-eol!" => \$final_eol,
175 "gen-only" => \$gen_only,
176 "grub|g:s" => \$grub_config,
177 "grub-preamble=s"=> \$grub_preamble,
178 "prefix|grub-prefix=s" => \$grub_prefix,
179 "grub2:s" => \$grub2_config,
180 "grub2-prolog=s" => \$grub2_prolog,
182 "interaction!" => \$interaction,
183 "iprelay=s" => \$iprelay,
184 "iso:s" => \$iso_image,
185 "kernel|k=s" => \$kernel_opt,
186 "interactive|i" => \$interactive,
187 "name=s" => \$config_name_opt,
188 "make|m:s" => \$make,
189 "netif=s" => \$netif,
190 "no-file-gen" => \$no_file_gen,
193 "pulsar|p:s" => \$pulsar,
194 "pulsar-root=s" => \$pulsar_root,
195 "qemu|Q:s" => \$qemu,
196 "qemu-append=s" => \$qemu_append,
197 "qemu-flags|q=s" => \$qemu_flags_cmd,
198 "remote-cmd=s" => \$remote_cmd,
199 "remote-expect=s"=> \$remote_expect,
200 "remote-expect-silent=s"=> sub { $remote_expect=$_[1]; $remote_expect_silent=1; },
202 "reset-cmd=s" => \$reset_cmd,
203 "rsync-flags=s" => \$rsync_flags,
204 "scons:s" => \$scons,
205 "scriptmod=s" => \@scriptmod,
206 "send=s" => \&handle_send,
207 "sendcont=s" => \&handle_send,
208 "serial|s:s" => \$serial,
209 "server:s" => \$server,
210 "strip-rom" => sub { $rom_prefix = ''; },
213 "tftp-port=i" => \$tftp_port,
214 "uboot:s" => \$uboot,
215 "no-uboot" => sub { undef $uboot; },
216 "uboot-addr=s" => \%uboot_addr,
217 "uboot-cmd=s" => \$uboot_cmd,
218 "uboot-init=s" => \@uboot_init,
223 # First process target options
225 my $t = defined($explicit_target) ? $explicit_target : $CFG::default_target;
227 Getopt::Long::Configure(qw/no_ignore_case pass_through/);
229 exists $CFG::targets{$t} or die("Unknown target '$t' (valid targets are: ".join(", ", sort keys(%CFG::targets)).")");
231 undef $explicit_target;
232 my ($ret, $remaining_args) = GetOptionsFromString ($CFG::targets{$t}, ("target|t=s" => \$explicit_target));
233 if (!$ret) { die "Error parsing target $t option"; }
234 push(@target_expanded, @$remaining_args);
235 $t = $explicit_target;
237 Getopt::Long::Configure(qw/no_ignore_case no_pass_through/);
238 GetOptionsFromArray(\@target_expanded, %opt_spec) or die ("Error in target definition");
241 # Then process other command line options - some of them may override
242 # what was specified by the target
243 GetOptions %opt_spec or die("Error in command line arguments");
244 pod2usage(1) if $help;
245 pod2usage(-exitstatus => 0, -verbose => 2) if $man;
247 ### Dump sanitized configuration (if requested)
251 $Data::Dumper::Indent=1;
252 print "# This file is in perl syntax.\n";
253 foreach my $key(sort(keys(%CFG::))) { # See "Symbol Tables" in perlmod(1)
254 if (defined ${$CFG::{$key}}) { print Data::Dumper->Dump([${$CFG::{$key}}], ["*$key"]); }
255 if ( @{$CFG::{$key}}) { print Data::Dumper->Dump([\@{$CFG::{$key}}], ["*$key"]); }
256 if ( %{$CFG::{$key}}) { print Data::Dumper->Dump([\%{$CFG::{$key}}], ["*$key"]); }
262 ### Sanitize configuration
264 if ($interactive && !-t STDIN) {
265 die("novaboot: Interactive mode not supported when not on terminal");
268 if (defined $config_name_opt && scalar(@ARGV) > 1) { die "You cannot use --name with multiple scripts"; }
271 $iso_image //= ''; # IDE-R needs an ISO image
272 if (!defined $amt) { die "Error: --ider requires --amt"; }
276 my %input_opts = ('--iprelay' => \$iprelay,
277 '--serial' => \$serial,
278 '--remote-cmd' => \$remote_cmd,
280 my @opts = grep(defined(${$input_opts{$_}}) , keys %input_opts);
282 die("novaboot: More than one target connection option: ".join(', ', @opts)) if scalar @opts > 1;
286 if (defined $serial) {
287 $serial ||= "/dev/ttyUSB0";
288 $ENV{NB_SERIAL} = $serial;
290 if (defined $grub_config) { $grub_config ||= "menu.lst"; }
291 if (defined $grub2_config) { $grub2_config ||= "grub.cfg"; }
293 ## Parse the novaboot script(s)
298 my ($modules, $variables, $generated, $continuation) = ([], {}, []);
299 my $skip_reading = defined($on_opt) || defined($off_opt);
300 while (!$skip_reading && ($_ = <>)) {
301 if ($ARGV ne $last_fn) { # New script
302 die "Missing EOF in $last_fn" if $file;
303 die "Unfinished line in $last_fn" if $continuation;
305 push @scripts, { 'filename' => $ARGV,
306 'modules' => $modules = [],
307 'variables' => $variables = {},
308 'generated' => $generated = []};
312 next if /^#/ || /^\s*$/; # Skip comments and empty lines
314 $_ =~ s/^[[:space:]]*// if ($continuation);
316 if (/\\$/) { # Line continuation
317 $continuation .= substr($_, 0, length($_)-1);
321 if ($continuation) { # Last continuation line
322 $_ = $continuation . $_;
326 foreach my $mod(@scriptmod) { eval $mod; }
328 if ($file && $_ eq $EOF) { # Heredoc end
332 if ($file) { # Heredoc content
333 push @{$file}, "$_\n";
336 if (/^([A-Z_]+)=(.*)$/) { # Internal variable
337 $$variables{$1} = $2;
338 push(@exiton, $2) if ($1 eq "EXITON");
341 if (s/^load *//) { # Load line
342 die("novaboot: '$last_fn' line $.: Missing file name\n") unless /^[^ <]+/;
343 if (/^([^ ]*)(.*?)[[:space:]]*<<([^ ]*)$/) { # Heredoc start
344 push @$modules, "$1$2";
346 push @$generated, {filename => $1, content => $file};
350 if (/^([^ ]*)(.*?)[[:space:]]*< ?(.*)$/) { # Command substitution
351 push @$modules, "$1$2";
352 push @$generated, {filename => $1, command => $3};
358 if (/^run (.*)/) { # run line
359 push @$generated, {command => $1};
362 if (/^uboot(?::([0-9]+)s)? (.*)/) { # uboot line
363 # TODO: If U-Boot supports some interactive menu, it might
364 # make sense to store uboot lines per novaboot script.
365 if ($1) { # Command with explicit timeout
366 push @uboot_init, { command => $2,
368 } else { # Command without explicit timeout
369 push @uboot_init, $2;
374 die("novaboot: Cannot parse script '$last_fn' line $.. Didn't you forget 'load' keyword?\n");
377 # print Dumper(\@scripts);
379 foreach my $script (@scripts) {
380 $modules = $$script{modules};
381 @$modules[0] =~ s/^[^ ]*/$kernel_opt/ if $kernel_opt;
382 @$modules[0] .= ' ' . join(' ', @append) if @append;
385 if (exists $variables->{KERNEL}) {
386 $kernel = $variables->{KERNEL};
388 if ($CFG::hypervisor) {
389 $kernel = $CFG::hypervisor . " ";
390 if (exists $variables->{HYPERVISOR_PARAMS}) {
391 $kernel .= $variables->{HYPERVISOR_PARAMS};
393 $kernel .= $CFG::hypervisor_params;
397 @$modules = ($kernel, @$modules) if $kernel;
398 @$modules = (@chainloaders, @$modules);
399 @$modules = ("bin/boot/bender", @$modules) if ($bender || defined $ENV{'NOVABOOT_BENDER'});
403 foreach my $script (@scripts) {
404 print join("\n", @{$$script{modules}})."\n";
411 sub generate_configs($$$) {
412 my ($base, $generated, $filename) = @_;
413 if ($base) { $base = "$base/"; };
414 foreach my $g(@$generated) {
415 if (exists $$g{content}) {
416 my $config = $$g{content};
417 my $fn = $$g{filename};
418 open(my $f, '>', $fn) || die("$fn: $!");
419 map { s|\brom://([^ ]*)|$rom_prefix$base$1|g; print $f "$_"; } @{$config};
421 print STDERR "novaboot: Created $fn\n";
422 } elsif (exists $$g{command} && ! $no_file_gen) {
423 $ENV{SRCDIR} = dirname(File::Spec->rel2abs( $filename, $invocation_dir ));
424 if (exists $$g{filename}) {
425 system_verbose("( $$g{command} ) > $$g{filename}");
427 system_verbose($$g{command});
433 sub generate_grub_config($$$$;$)
435 my ($filename, $title, $base, $modules_ref, $preamble) = @_;
436 if ($base) { $base = "$base/"; };
437 open(my $fg, '>', $filename) or die "$filename: $!";
438 print $fg "$preamble\n" if $preamble;
439 print $fg "title $title\n" if $title;
440 #print $fg "root $base\n"; # root doesn't really work for (nd)
442 foreach (@$modules_ref) {
445 my ($kbin, $kcmd) = split(' ', $_, 2);
446 $kcmd = '' if !defined $kcmd;
447 print $fg "kernel ${base}$kbin $kcmd\n";
449 s|\brom://([^ ]*)|$rom_prefix$base$1|g; # Translate rom:// files - needed for vdisk parameter of sigma0
450 print $fg "module $base$_\n";
454 print("novaboot: Created $builddir/$filename\n");
458 sub generate_syslinux_config($$$$)
460 my ($filename, $title, $base, $modules_ref) = @_;
461 if ($base && $base !~ /\/$/) { $base = "$base/"; };
462 open(my $fg, '>', $filename) or die "$filename: $!";
463 print $fg "LABEL $title\n";
464 #TODO print $fg "MENU LABEL $human_readable_title\n";
466 my ($kbin, $kcmd) = split(' ', @$modules_ref[0], 2);
468 if (system("file $kbin|grep 'Linux kernel'") == 0) {
469 my $initrd = @$modules_ref[1];
470 die('To many "load" lines for Linux kernel') if (scalar @$modules_ref > 2);
471 print $fg "LINUX $base$kbin\n";
472 print $fg "APPEND $kcmd\n";
473 print $fg "INITRD $base$initrd\n";
475 print $fg "KERNEL mboot.c32\n";
477 foreach (@$modules_ref) {
478 s|\brom://([^ ]*)|$rom_prefix$base$1|g; # Translate rom:// files - needed for vdisk parameter of sigma0
479 push @append, "$base$_";
480 print $fg "APPEND ".join(' --- ', @append)."\n";
483 #TODO print $fg "TEXT HELP\n";
484 #TODO print $fg "some help here\n";
485 #TODO print $fg "ENDTEXT\n";
487 print("novaboot: Created $builddir/$filename\n");
491 sub generate_grub2_config($$$$;$$)
493 my ($filename, $title, $base, $modules_ref, $preamble, $prolog) = @_;
494 if ($base && substr($base,-1,1) ne '/') { $base = "$base/"; };
495 open(my $fg, '>', $filename) or die "$filename: $!";
496 print $fg "$preamble\n" if $preamble;
497 $title ||= 'novaboot';
498 print $fg "menuentry $title {\n";
499 print $fg "$prolog\n" if $prolog;
501 foreach (@$modules_ref) {
504 my ($kbin, $kcmd) = split(' ', $_, 2);
505 $kcmd = '' if !defined $kcmd;
506 print $fg " multiboot ${base}$kbin $kcmd\n";
509 # GRUB2 doesn't pass filename in multiboot info so we have to duplicate it here
510 $_ = join(' ', ($args[0], @args));
511 s|\brom://|$rom_prefix|g; # We do not need to translate path for GRUB2
512 print $fg " module $base$_\n";
517 print("novaboot: Created $builddir/$filename\n");
521 sub generate_pulsar_config($$)
523 my ($filename, $modules_ref) = @_;
524 open(my $fg, '>', $filename) or die "$filename: $!";
525 print $fg "root $pulsar_root\n" if defined $pulsar_root;
528 foreach (@$modules_ref) {
531 ($kbin, $kcmd) = split(' ', $_, 2);
532 $kcmd = '' if !defined $kcmd;
535 s|\brom://|$rom_prefix|g;
536 print $fg "load $_\n";
539 # Put kernel as last - this is needed for booting Linux and has no influence on non-Linux OSes
540 print $fg "exec $kbin $kcmd\n";
542 print("novaboot: Created $builddir/$filename\n");
546 sub shell_cmd_string(@)
548 return join(' ', map((/^[-_=a-zA-Z0-9\/\.\+]+$/ ? "$_" : "'$_'"), @_));
553 print STDERR "novaboot: Running: ".shell_cmd_string(@_)."\n";
555 exit(1); # should not be reached
558 sub system_verbose($)
561 print STDERR "novaboot: Running: $cmd\n";
562 my $ret = system($cmd);
563 if ($ret & 0x007f) { die("Command terminated by a signal"); }
564 if ($ret & 0xff00) {die("Command exit with non-zero exit code"); }
565 if ($ret) { die("Command failure $ret"); }
570 $str =~ s/^\s+|\s+$//g;
576 if (exists $variables->{WVDESC}) {
577 print STDERR "Testing \"$variables->{WVDESC}\" in $last_fn:\n";
578 } elsif ($last_fn =~ /\.wv$/) {
579 print STDERR "Testing \"all\" in $last_fn:\n";
582 ## Connect to the target and check whether it is not occupied
584 # We have to do this before file generation phase, because file
585 # generation is intermixed with file deployment phase and we want to
586 # check whether the target is not used by somebody else before
587 # deploying files. Otherwise, we may rewrite other user's files on a
590 my $exp; # Expect object to communicate with the target over serial line
592 my ($target_reset, $target_power_on, $target_power_off);
593 my ($amt_user, $amt_password, $amt_host, $amt_port);
595 if (defined $iprelay) {
597 $iprelay =~ /([.0-9]+)(:([0-9]+))?/;
600 my $paddr = sockaddr_in($port, inet_aton($addr));
601 my $proto = getprotobyname('tcp');
602 socket($IPRELAY, PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, $proto) || die "socket: $!";
603 print STDERR "novaboot: Connecting to IP relay... ";
604 connect($IPRELAY, $paddr) || die "connect: $!";
605 print STDERR "done\n";
606 $exp = Expect->init(\*$IPRELAY);
610 print $exp "\xFF\xF6"; # AYT
611 my $connected = $exp->expect(20, # Timeout in seconds
612 '<iprelayd: connected>',
613 '-re', '<WEB51 HW[^>]*>');
618 my ($relay, $onoff) = @_;
619 die unless ($relay == 1 || $relay == 2);
621 my $cmd = ($relay == 1 ? 0x5 : 0x6) | ($onoff ? 0x20 : 0x10);
622 return "\xFF\xFA\x2C\x32".chr($cmd)."\xFF\xF0";
626 my ($relay, $onoff) = @_;
627 die unless ($relay == 1 || $relay == 2);
628 my $cmd = ($relay == 1 ? 0xdf : 0xbf) | ($onoff ? 0x00 : 0xff);
629 return "\xFF\xFA\x2C\x97".chr($cmd)."\xFF\xF0";
633 my ($relay, $onoff, $can_giveup) = @_;
634 my $confirmation = '';
636 print $exp relaycmd($relay, $onoff);
637 my $confirmed = $exp->expect(20, # Timeout in seconds
638 relayconf($relay, $onoff));
641 print("Relay confirmation timeout - ignoring\n");
643 die "Relay confirmation timeout";
649 $target_reset = sub {
650 relay(2, 1, 1); # Reset the machine
655 $target_power_off = sub {
656 relay(1, 1); # Press power button
657 usleep(6000000); # Long press to switch off
661 $target_power_on = sub {
662 relay(1, 1); # Press power button
663 usleep(100000); # Short press
669 system_verbose("stty -F $serial $stty");
670 open($CONN, "+<", $serial) || die "open $serial: $!";
671 $exp = Expect->init(\*$CONN);
673 elsif ($remote_cmd) {
674 print STDERR "novaboot: Running: $remote_cmd\n";
675 $exp = Expect->spawn($remote_cmd);
677 elsif (defined $amt) {
678 require LWP::UserAgent;
679 require LWP::Authen::Digest;
682 my ($host, $username, $password, $schema, $className, $pstate) = @_;
683 #AMT numbers for PowerStateChange (MNI => bluescreen on windows;-)
684 my %pstates = ("on" => 2,
691 <s:Envelope xmlns:s="http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope" xmlns:a="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2004/08/addressing" xmlns:w="http://schemas.dmtf.org/wbem/wsman/1/wsman.xsd">
692 <s:Header><a:To>http://$host:16992/wsman</a:To>
693 <w:ResourceURI s:mustUnderstand="true">$schema</w:ResourceURI>
694 <a:ReplyTo><a:Address s:mustUnderstand="true">http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2004/08/addressing/role/anonymous</a:Address></a:ReplyTo>
695 <a:Action s:mustUnderstand="true">$schema$className</a:Action>
696 <w:MaxEnvelopeSize s:mustUnderstand="true">153600</w:MaxEnvelopeSize>
697 <a:MessageID>uuid:709072C9-609C-4B43-B301-075004043C7C</a:MessageID>
698 <w:Locale xml:lang="en-US" s:mustUnderstand="false" />
699 <w:OperationTimeout>PT60.000S</w:OperationTimeout>
700 <w:SelectorSet><w:Selector Name="Name">Intel(r) AMT Power Management Service</w:Selector></w:SelectorSet>
702 <p:RequestPowerStateChange_INPUT xmlns:p="http://schemas.dmtf.org/wbem/wscim/1/cim-schema/2/CIM_PowerManagementService">
703 <p:PowerState>$pstates{$pstate}</p:PowerState>
704 <p:ManagedElement><a:Address>http://$host:16992/wsman</a:Address>
705 <a:ReferenceParameters><w:ResourceURI>http://schemas.dmtf.org/wbem/wscim/1/cim-schema/2/CIM_ComputerSystem</w:ResourceURI>
706 <w:SelectorSet><w:Selector Name="Name">ManagedSystem</w:Selector></w:SelectorSet>
707 </a:ReferenceParameters></p:ManagedElement>
708 </p:RequestPowerStateChange_INPUT>
709 </s:Body></s:Envelope>
714 my ($host, $username, $password, $content) = @_;
716 my $ua = LWP::UserAgent->new();
717 $ua->agent("novaboot");
719 my $req = HTTP::Request->new(POST => "http://$host:16992/wsman");
720 my $res = $ua->request($req);
721 die ("Unexpected AMT response: " . $res->status_line) unless $res->code == 401;
723 my ($realm) = $res->header("WWW-Authenticate") =~ /Digest realm="(.*?)"/;
724 $ua->credentials("$host:16992", $realm, $username => $password);
727 $req = HTTP::Request->new(POST => "http://$host:16992/wsman");
728 $req->content_type('application/x-www-form-urlencoded');
729 $req->content($content);
730 $res = $ua->request($req);
731 die ("AMT power change request failed: " . $res->status_line) unless $res->is_success;
732 $res->content() =~ /<g:ReturnValue>(\d+)<\/g:ReturnValue>/;
737 my ($host, $username, $password, $pstate)=@_;
738 my $schema="http://schemas.dmtf.org/wbem/wscim/1/cim-schema/2/CIM_PowerManagementService";
739 my $className="/RequestPowerStateChange";
740 my $content = genXML($host, $username, $password ,$schema, $className, $pstate);
741 return sendPOST($host, $username, $password, $content);
744 ($amt_user,$amt_password,$amt_host,$amt_port) = ($amt =~ /(?:(.*?)(?::(.*))?@)?([^:]*)(?::([0-9]*))?/);;
745 $amt_user ||= "admin";
746 $amt_password ||= $ENV{'AMT_PASSWORD'} || die "AMT password not specified";
747 $amt_host || die "AMT host not specified";
751 $target_power_off = sub {
753 my $result = powerChange($amt_host,$amt_user,$amt_password, "off");
754 die "AMT power off failed (ReturnValue $result)" if $result != 0;
757 $target_power_on = sub {
758 my $result = powerChange($amt_host,$amt_user,$amt_password, "on");
759 die "AMT power on failed (ReturnValue $result)" if $result != 0;
762 $target_reset = sub {
763 my $result = powerChange($amt_host,$amt_user,$amt_password, "reset");
765 print STDERR "Warning: Cannot reset $amt_host, trying power on. ";
766 $result = powerChange($amt_host,$amt_user,$amt_password, "on");
768 die "AMT reset failed (ReturnValue $result)" if $result != 0;
771 my $cmd = "amtterm -u $amt_user -p $amt_password $amt_host $amt_port";
772 print STDERR "novaboot: Running: $cmd\n" =~ s/\Q$amt_password\E/???/r;
773 $exp = Expect->spawn($cmd);
774 $exp->expect(10, "RUN_SOL") || die "Expect for 'RUN_SOL' timed out";
779 if ($remote_expect) {
780 $exp || die("No serial line connection");
781 my $log = $exp->log_stdout;
782 if (defined $remote_expect_silent) {
785 $exp->expect(180, $remote_expect) || die "Expect for '$remote_expect' timed out";
786 if (defined $remote_expect_silent) {
787 $exp->log_stdout($log);
788 print $exp->after() if $log;
792 if (defined $reset_cmd) {
793 $target_reset = sub {
794 system_verbose($reset_cmd);
798 if (defined $on_opt && defined $target_power_on) {
802 if (defined $off_opt && defined $target_power_off) {
803 print STDERR "novaboot: Switching the target off...\n";
804 &$target_power_off();
808 $builddir ||= dirname(File::Spec->rel2abs( ${$scripts[0]}{filename})) if scalar @scripts;
809 if (defined $builddir) {
810 chdir($builddir) or die "Can't change directory to $builddir: $!";
811 print STDERR "novaboot: Entering directory `$builddir'\n";
813 $builddir = $invocation_dir;
816 ## File generation phase
817 my (%files_iso, $menu_iso, $filename);
818 my $config_name = '';
821 foreach my $script (@scripts) {
822 $filename = $$script{filename};
823 $modules = $$script{modules};
824 $generated = $$script{generated};
825 $variables = $$script{variables};
827 ($config_name = $filename) =~ s#.*/##;
828 $config_name = $config_name_opt if (defined $config_name_opt);
830 if (exists $variables->{BUILDDIR}) {
831 $builddir = File::Spec->rel2abs($variables->{BUILDDIR});
832 chdir($builddir) or die "Can't change directory to $builddir: $!";
833 print STDERR "novaboot: Entering directory `$builddir'\n";
837 $prefix = $grub_prefix;
838 $prefix =~ s/\$NAME/$config_name/;
839 $prefix =~ s/\$BUILDDIR/$builddir/;
841 # TODO: use $grub_prefix as first parameter if some switch is given
842 generate_configs('', $generated, $filename);
844 ### Generate bootloader configuration files
845 my @bootloader_configs;
846 push @bootloader_configs, generate_grub_config($grub_config, $config_name, $prefix, $modules, $grub_preamble) if (defined $grub_config);
847 push @bootloader_configs, generate_grub2_config($grub2_config, $config_name, $prefix, $modules, $grub_preamble, $grub2_prolog) if (defined $grub2_config);
848 push @bootloader_configs, generate_pulsar_config('config-'.($pulsar||'novaboot'), $modules) if (defined $pulsar);
850 ### Run scons or make
852 my @files = map({ ($file) = m/([^ ]*)/; $file; } @$modules);
853 # Filter-out generated files
854 my @to_build = grep({ my $file = $_; !scalar(grep($file eq ($$_{filename} || ''), @$generated)) } @files);
856 system_verbose($scons || $CFG::scons." ".join(" ", @to_build)) if (defined $scons);
857 system_verbose($make || $CFG::make ." ".join(" ", @to_build)) if (defined $make);
860 ### Copy files (using rsync)
861 if (defined $server && !defined($gen_only)) {
862 (my $real_server = $server) =~ s/\$NAME/$config_name/;
864 my ($hostname, $path) = split(":", $real_server, 2);
865 if (! defined $path) {
869 my $files = join(" ", map({ ($file) = m/([^ ]*)/; $file; } ( @$modules, @bootloader_configs)));
870 map({ my $file = (split)[0]; die "$file: $!" if ! -f $file; } @$modules);
871 my $istty = -t STDOUT && ($ENV{'TERM'} || 'dumb') ne 'dumb';
872 my $progress = $istty ? "--progress" : "";
873 system_verbose("rsync $progress -RLp $rsync_flags $files $real_server");
874 if ($server =~ m|/\$NAME$| && $concat) {
875 my $cmd = join("; ", map { "( cd $path/.. && cat */$_ > $_ )" } @bootloader_configs);
876 system_verbose($hostname ? "ssh $hostname '$cmd'" : $cmd);
880 ### Prepare ISO image generation
881 if (defined $iso_image) {
882 generate_configs("(cd)", $generated, $filename);
884 generate_syslinux_config(\$menu, $config_name, "/", $modules);
885 $menu_iso .= "$menu\n";
886 map { ($file,undef) = split; $files_iso{$file} = 1; } @$modules;
890 ## Generate ISO image
891 if (defined $iso_image) {
892 system_verbose("mkdir -p isolinux");
895 if (-f '/usr/lib/ISOLINUX/isolinux.bin') {
896 # Newer ISOLINUX version
897 @files = qw(/usr/lib/ISOLINUX/isolinux.bin /usr/lib/syslinux/modules/bios/mboot.c32 /usr/lib/syslinux/modules/bios/libcom32.c32 /usr/lib/syslinux/modules/bios/menu.c32 /usr/lib/syslinux/modules/bios/ldlinux.c32);
899 # Older ISOLINUX version
900 @files = qw(/usr/lib/syslinux/isolinux.bin /usr/lib/syslinux/mboot.c32 /usr/lib/syslinux/menu.c32);
902 system_verbose("cp @files isolinux");
903 open(my $fh, ">isolinux/isolinux.cfg");
905 print $fh "TIMEOUT 50\n";
906 print $fh "DEFAULT menu\n";
908 print $fh "DEFAULT $config_name\n";
910 print $fh "$menu_iso";
913 my $files = join(" ", map("$_=$_", (keys(%files_iso), 'isolinux/isolinux.cfg', map(s|.*/|isolinux/|r, @files))));
914 $iso_image ||= "$config_name.iso";
916 # Note: We use -U flag below to "Allow 'untranslated' filenames,
917 # completely violating the ISO9660 standards". Without this
918 # option, isolinux is not able to read files names for example
920 system_verbose("$CFG::genisoimage -R -b isolinux/isolinux.bin -c isolinux/boot.cat -no-emul-boot -boot-load-size 4 -boot-info-table -hide-rr-moved -U -o $iso_image -graft-points $files");
921 print("ISO image created: $builddir/$iso_image\n");
924 exit(0) if defined $gen_only;
926 ## Boot the system using various methods and send serial output to stdout
928 if (scalar(@scripts) > 1 && ( defined $dhcp_tftp || defined $serial || defined $iprelay)) {
929 die "You cannot do this with multiple scripts simultaneously";
932 if ($variables->{WVTEST_TIMEOUT}) {
933 print STDERR "wvtest: timeout ", $variables->{WVTEST_TIMEOUT}, "\n";
940 $qemu ||= $variables->{QEMU} || $CFG::qemu;
941 my @qemu_flags = split(" ", $qemu);
942 $qemu = shift(@qemu_flags);
944 @qemu_flags = split(/ +/, trim($variables->{QEMU_FLAGS})) if exists $variables->{QEMU_FLAGS};
945 @qemu_flags = split(/ +/, trim($qemu_flags_cmd)) if $qemu_flags_cmd;
946 push(@qemu_flags, split(/ +/, trim($qemu_append || '')));
948 if (defined $iso_image) {
949 # Boot NOVA with grub (and test the iso image)
950 push(@qemu_flags, ('-cdrom', $iso_image));
952 # Boot NOVA without GRUB
954 # Non-patched qemu doesn't like commas, but NUL can live with pluses instead of commans
955 foreach (@$modules) {s/,/+/g;}
956 generate_configs("", $generated, $filename);
958 if (scalar @$modules) {
959 my ($kbin, $kcmd) = split(' ', shift(@$modules), 2);
960 $kcmd = '' if !defined $kcmd;
962 @$modules = map { if (/\.dtb$/) { $dtb=$_; (); } else { $_ } } @$modules;
963 my $initrd = join ",", @$modules;
965 push(@qemu_flags, ('-kernel', $kbin, '-append', $kcmd));
966 push(@qemu_flags, ('-initrd', $initrd)) if $initrd;
967 push(@qemu_flags, ('-dtb', $dtb)) if $dtb;
970 push(@qemu_flags, qw(-serial stdio)); # Redirect serial output (for collecting test restuls)
971 unshift(@qemu_flags, ('-name', $config_name));
972 print STDERR "novaboot: Running: ".shell_cmd_string($qemu, @qemu_flags)."\n";
973 $exp = Expect->spawn(($qemu, @qemu_flags)) || die("exec() failed: $!");
976 ### Local DHCPD and TFTPD
978 my ($dhcpd_pid, $tftpd_pid);
980 $tftp=1 if $tftp_port;
982 if (defined $dhcp_tftp)
984 generate_configs("(nd)", $generated, $filename);
985 system_verbose('mkdir -p tftpboot');
986 generate_grub_config("tftpboot/os-menu.lst", $config_name, "(nd)", \@$modules, "timeout 0");
987 open(my $fh, '>', 'dhcpd.conf');
988 my $mac = `cat /sys/class/net/$netif/address`;
990 print $fh "subnet 10.23.23.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
991 range 10.23.23.10 10.23.23.100;
992 filename \"bin/boot/grub/pxegrub.pxe\";
993 next-server 10.23.23.1;
996 hardware ethernet $mac;
997 fixed-address 10.23.23.1;
1000 system_verbose("sudo ip a add 10.23.23.1/24 dev $netif;
1001 sudo ip l set dev $netif up;
1002 sudo touch dhcpd.leases");
1004 # We run servers by forking ourselves, because the servers end up
1005 # in our process group and get killed by signals sent to the
1006 # process group (e.g. Ctrl-C on terminal).
1007 $dhcpd_pid = fork();
1008 exec_verbose("sudo dhcpd -d -cf dhcpd.conf -lf dhcpd.leases -pf dhcpd.pid") if ($dhcpd_pid == 0);
1011 if (defined $dhcp_tftp || defined $tftp) {
1013 # Unfortunately, tftpd requires root privileges even with
1014 # non-privileged (>1023) port due to initgroups().
1015 system_verbose("sudo in.tftpd --listen --secure -v -v -v --pidfile tftpd.pid --address :$tftp_port $builddir");
1017 # Kill server when we die
1018 $SIG{__DIE__} = sub { system_verbose('sudo pkill --pidfile=dhcpd.pid') if (defined $dhcp_tftp);
1019 system_verbose('sudo pkill --pidfile=tftpd.pid'); };
1021 # We have to kill tftpd explicitely, because it is not in our process group
1022 $SIG{INT} = sub { system_verbose('sudo pkill --pidfile=tftpd.pid'); exit(0); };
1026 if (defined $ider) {
1027 my $ider_cmd= "amtider -c $iso_image -u $amt_user -p $amt_password $amt_host $amt_port" ;
1028 print STDERR "novaboot: Running: $ider_cmd\n" =~ s/\Q$amt_password\E/???/r;
1029 my $ider_pid = fork();
1030 if ($ider_pid == 0) {
1032 die "IDE redirection failed";
1034 # FIXME: This collides with --tftp option. Hopefully, nobody needs
1035 # to use both simultaneously.
1036 $SIG{__DIE__} = sub { system_verbose('kill $ider_pid'); };
1039 ### Reset target (IP relay, AMT, ...)
1041 if (defined $target_reset && $reset) {
1042 print STDERR "novaboot: Reseting the test box... ";
1044 print STDERR "done\n";
1046 # We don't want to output anything printed by the target
1047 # before reset so we clear the buffers now. This is, however,
1048 # not ideal because we may loose some data that were sent
1049 # after the reset. If this is a problem, one should reset and
1050 # connect to serial line in atomic manner. For example, if
1051 # supported by hardware, use --remote-cmd 'sterm -d ...' and
1052 # do not use separate --reset-cmd.
1053 my $log = $exp->log_stdout;
1054 $exp->log_stdout(0);
1055 $exp->expect(0); # Read data from target
1056 $exp->clear_accum(); # Clear the read data
1057 $exp->log_stdout($log);
1061 ### U-boot conversation
1062 if (defined $uboot) {
1063 my $uboot_prompt = $uboot || '=> ';
1064 print STDERR "novaboot: Waiting for U-Boot prompt...\n";
1065 $exp || die("No serial line connection");
1066 $exp->log_stdout(1);
1067 #$exp->exp_internal(1);
1069 [qr/Hit any key to stop autoboot:/, sub { $exp->send("\n"); exp_continue; }],
1070 $uboot_prompt) || die "No U-Boot prompt deteceted";
1071 foreach my $cmdspec (@uboot_init) {
1072 my ($cmd, $timeout);
1073 if (ref($cmdspec) eq "HASH") {
1074 $cmd = $cmdspec->{command};
1075 $timeout = $cmdspec->{timeout};
1080 if ($cmd =~ /\$NB_MYIP/) {
1081 my $ip = (grep /inet /, `ip addr show $netif`)[0] || die "Problem determining our IP address";
1082 $ip =~ s/\s*inet ([0-9.]*).*/$1/;
1083 $cmd =~ s/\$NB_MYIP/$ip/g;
1085 if ($cmd =~ /\$NB_PREFIX/) {
1088 $cmd =~ s/\$NB_PREFIX/$p/g;
1091 $exp->send("$cmd\n");
1092 $exp->expect($timeout, $uboot_prompt) || die "U-Boot prompt timeout";
1095 # Boot the system if there are some load lines in the script
1096 if ((scalar(@$modules) > 0 && !$variables->{NO_BOOT}) ||
1097 defined $uboot_cmd) {
1098 my ($kbin, $kcmd) = split(' ', shift(@$modules), 2);
1100 @$modules = map { if (/\.dtb$/) { $dtb=$_; (); } else { $_ } } @$modules;
1101 my $initrd = shift @$modules;
1103 if (defined $kbin) {
1104 die "No '--uboot-addr kernel' given" unless $uboot_addr{kernel};
1105 $exp->send("tftpboot $uboot_addr{kernel} $prefix$kbin\n");
1107 [qr/##/, sub { exp_continue; }],
1108 $uboot_prompt) || die "Kernel load timeout";
1111 die "No '--uboot-addr fdt' given" unless $uboot_addr{fdt};
1112 $exp->send("tftpboot $uboot_addr{fdt} $prefix$dtb\n");
1114 [qr/##/, sub { exp_continue; }],
1115 $uboot_prompt) || die "Device tree load timeout";
1117 if (defined $initrd) {
1118 die "No '--uboot-addr ramdisk' given" unless $uboot_addr{ramdisk};
1119 $exp->send("tftpboot $uboot_addr{ramdisk} $prefix$initrd\n");
1121 [qr/##/, sub { exp_continue; }],
1122 $uboot_prompt) || die "Initrd load timeout";
1124 $uboot_addr{ramdisk} = '-';
1128 $exp->send("setenv bootargs $kcmd\n");
1129 $exp->expect(5, $uboot_prompt) || die "U-Boot prompt timeout";
1131 $uboot_cmd //= $variables->{UBOOT_CMD} // 'bootm $kernel_addr $ramdisk_addr $fdt_addr';
1132 $uboot_cmd =~ s/\$kernel_addr/$uboot_addr{kernel}/g;
1133 $uboot_cmd =~ s/\$ramdisk_addr/$uboot_addr{ramdisk}/g;
1134 $uboot_cmd =~ s/\$fdt_addr/$uboot_addr{fdt}/g;
1136 $exp->send($uboot_cmd . "\n");
1137 $exp->expect(5, "\n") || die "U-Boot command timeout";
1141 ### Serial line interaction
1142 if ($interaction && defined $exp) {
1143 # Serial line of the target is available
1144 my $interrupt = 'Ctrl-C';
1145 if ($interactive && !@exiton) {
1146 $interrupt = '"~~."';
1148 print STDERR "novaboot: Serial line interaction (press $interrupt to interrupt)...\n";
1149 $exp->log_stdout(1);
1151 $exp->expect($exiton_timeout, @expect_raw, @exiton) || die("exiton timeout");
1153 my @inputs = ($exp);
1154 my $infile = new IO::File;
1155 $infile->IO::File::fdopen(*STDIN,'r');
1156 my $in_object = Expect->exp_init($infile);
1157 $in_object->set_group($exp);
1160 $in_object->set_seq('~~\.', sub { print STDERR "novaboot: Escape sequence detected\r\n"; undef; });
1161 $in_object->manual_stty(0); # Use raw terminal mode
1163 $in_object->manual_stty(1); # Do not modify terminal settings
1165 push(@inputs, $in_object);
1167 #print Dumper(\@expect_raw);
1168 $exp->expect(undef, @expect_raw) if @expect_raw;
1169 Expect::interconnect(@inputs) unless defined($exp->exitstatus);
1173 ## Kill dhcpc or tftpd
1174 if (defined $dhcp_tftp || defined $tftp) {
1175 die("novaboot: This should kill servers on background\n");
1178 # Always finish novaboot output with newline
1179 print "\n" if $final_eol;
1185 novaboot - Boots a locally compiled operating system on a remote
1192 B<novaboot> [option]... [--] script...
1194 B<./script> [option]...
1198 This program makes booting of a locally compiled operating system (OS)
1199 (e.g. NOVA or Linux) on remote targets as simple as running a program
1200 locally. It automates things like copying OS images to a TFTP server,
1201 generation of bootloader configuration files, resetting of target
1202 hardware or redirection of target's serial line to stdin/out. Novaboot
1203 is highly configurable and it makes it easy to boot a single image on
1204 different targets or different images on a single target.
1206 Novaboot operation is controlled by command line options and by a so
1207 called novaboot script, which can be thought as a generalization of
1208 bootloader configuration files (see L</"NOVABOOT SCRIPT SYNTAX">).
1209 Typical way of using novaboot is to make the novaboot script
1210 executable and set its first line to I<#!/usr/bin/env novaboot>. Then,
1211 booting a particular OS configuration becomes the same as executing a
1212 local program - the novaboot script.
1214 Novaboot uses configuration files to, among other things, define
1215 command line options needed for different targets. Users typically use
1216 only the B<-t>/B<--target> command line option to select the target.
1217 Internally, this option expands to the pre-configured options.
1218 Configuration files are searched at multiple places, which allows to
1219 have per-system, per-user or per-project configurations. Configuration
1220 file syntax is described in section L</"CONFIGURATION FILES">.
1222 Simple examples of using C<novaboot>:
1228 Run an OS in Qemu. This is can be specified with the B<--qemu> option.
1229 Thus running C<novaboot --qemu myos> (or C<./myos --qemu> as described
1230 above) will run Qemu and make it boot the configuration specified in
1235 Create a bootloader configuration file (currently supported
1236 bootloaders are GRUB, GRUB2, ISOLINUX, Pulsar and U-Boot) and copy it
1237 with all other files needed for booting to a remote boot server. Then
1238 use a TCP/IP-controlled relay/serial-to-TCP converter to reset the
1239 target and receive its serial output.
1241 ./myos --grub2 --server=192.168.1.1:/tftp --iprelay=192.168.1.2
1245 Run DHCP and TFTP server on developer's machine to boot the target
1250 This is useful when no network infrastructure is in place and
1251 the target is connected directly to developer's box.
1255 Create bootable ISO image.
1257 novaboot --iso -- script1 script2
1259 The created ISO image will have ISOLINUX bootloader installed on it
1260 and the boot menu will allow selecting between I<script1> and
1261 I<script2> configurations.
1265 =head1 PHASES AND OPTIONS
1267 Novaboot performs its work in several phases. Each phase can be
1268 influenced by several command line options, certain phases can be
1269 skipped. The list of phases (in the execution order) is as follows.
1273 =item 1. L<Configuration reading|/Configuration reading phase>
1275 =item 2. L<Command line processing|/Command line processing phase>
1277 =item 3. L<Script preprocessing|/Script preprocessing phase>
1279 =item 4. L<File generation|/File generation phase>
1281 =item 5. L<Target connection|/Target connection check>
1283 =item 6. L<File deployment|/File deployment phase>
1285 =item 7. L<Target power-on and reset|/Target power-on and reset phase>
1287 =item 8. L<Interaction with the bootloader|/Interaction with the bootloader on the target>
1289 =item 9. L<Target interaction|/Target interaction phase>
1293 Each phase is described in the following sections together with the
1294 command line options that control it.
1296 =head2 Configuration reading phase
1298 After starting, novaboot reads configuration files. Their content is
1299 described in section L</"CONFIGURATION FILES">. By default,
1300 configuration is read from multiple locations. First from the system
1301 configuration directory (F</etc/novaboot.d/>), second from the user
1302 configuration file (F<~/.config/novaboot>) and third from F<.novaboot>
1303 files along the path to the current directory. Alternatively, a single
1304 configuration file specified with the B<-c> switch or with the
1305 C<NOVABOOT_CONFIG> environment variable is read. The latter read files
1306 override settings from the former ones.
1308 The system configuration directory is determined by the content of
1309 NOVABOOT_CONFIG_DIR environment variable and defaults to
1310 F</etc/novaboot.d>. Files in this directory with names consisting
1311 solely of English letters, numbers, dashes '-' and underscores '_'
1312 (note that dot '.' is not included) are read in alphabetical order.
1314 Then, the user configuration file is read from
1315 F<$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/novaboot>. If C<$XDG_CONFIG_HOME> environemnt
1316 variable is not set F<~/.config/novaboot> is read instead.
1318 Finally, novaboot searches for files named F<.novaboot> starting from the
1319 directory of the novaboot script (or working directory, see bellow)
1320 and continuing upwards up to the root directory. The found
1321 configuration files are then read in the opposite order (i.e. from the
1322 root directory downwards). This allows to have, for example, a project
1323 specific configuration in F<~/project/.novaboot>.
1325 Note the difference between F<~/.config/novaboot> and F<~/.novaboot>.
1326 The former one is read always, whereas the latter only when novaboot
1327 script or working directory is under the C<$HOME> directory.
1329 In certain cases, the location of the novaboot script cannot be
1330 determined in this early phase. This happens either when the script is
1331 read from the standard input or when novaboot is invoked explicitly as
1332 in the example L</"4."> above. In this case the current working
1333 directory is used as a starting point for configuration file search
1334 instead of the novaboot script directory.
1338 =item -c, --config=I<filename>
1340 Use the specified configuration file instead of the default one(s).
1344 =head2 Command line processing phase
1350 Dump the current configuration to stdout end exit. Useful as an
1351 initial template for a configuration file.
1355 Print short (B<-h>) or long (B<--help>) help.
1357 =item -t, --target=I<target>
1359 This option serves as a user configurable shortcut for other novaboot
1360 options. The effect of this option is the same as specifying the
1361 options stored in the C<%targets> configuration variable under key
1362 I<target>. See also L</"CONFIGURATION FILES">.
1364 When this option is not given, novaboot tries to determine the target
1365 to use from either B<NOVABOOT_TARGET> environment variable or from
1366 B<$default_target> configuration file variable.
1370 =head2 Script preprocessing phase
1372 This phases allows to modify the parsed novaboot script before it is
1373 used in the later phases.
1377 =item -a, --append=I<parameters>
1379 Append a string to the first C<load> line in the novaboot script. This
1380 can be used to append parameters to the kernel's or root task's
1381 command line. This option can appear multiple times.
1385 Use F<bender> chainloader. Bender scans the PCI bus for PCI serial
1386 ports and stores the information about them in the BIOS data area for
1389 =item --chainloader=I<chainloader>
1391 Specifies a chainloader that is loaded before the kernel and other
1392 files specified in the novaboot script. E.g. 'bin/boot/bender
1397 Print the modules to boot and their parameters after this phase
1398 finishes. Then exit. This is useful for seeing the effect of other
1399 options in this section.
1401 =item -k, --kernel=F<file>
1403 Replace the first word on the first C<load> line in the novaboot
1404 script with F<file>.
1406 =item --scriptmod=I<perl expression>
1408 When novaboot script is read, I<perl expression> is executed for every
1409 line (in $_ variable). For example, C<novaboot
1410 --scriptmod=s/sigma0/omega6/g> replaces every occurrence of I<sigma0>
1411 in the script with I<omega6>.
1413 When this option is present, it overrides I<$script_modifier> variable
1414 from the configuration file, which has the same effect. If this option
1415 is given multiple times all expressions are evaluated in the command
1420 =head2 File generation phase
1422 In this phase, files needed for booting are generated in a so called
1423 I<build directory> (see L</--build-dir>). In most cases configuration
1424 for a bootloader is generated automatically by novaboot. It is also
1425 possible to generate other files using I<heredoc> or I<"<"> syntax in
1426 novaboot scripts. Finally, binaries can be generated in this phases by
1427 running C<scons> or C<make>.
1431 =item --build-dir=I<directory>
1433 Overrides the default build directory location.
1435 The default build directory location is determined as follows: If the
1436 configuration file defines the C<$builddir> variable, its value is
1437 used. Otherwise, it is the directory that contains the first processed
1440 See also L</BUILDDIR> variable.
1442 =item -g, --grub[=I<filename>]
1444 Generates grub bootloader menu file. If the I<filename> is not
1445 specified, F<menu.lst> is used. The I<filename> is relative to the
1446 build directory (see B<--build-dir>).
1448 =item --grub-preamble=I<prefix>
1450 Specifies the I<preable> that is at the beginning of the generated
1451 GRUB or GRUB2 config files. This is useful for specifying GRUB's
1454 =item --prefix=I<prefix>
1456 Specifies I<prefix> (e.g. F</srv/tftp>) that is put in front of every
1457 file name in generated bootloader configuration files (or in U-Boot
1460 If the I<prefix> contains string $NAME, it will be replaced with the
1461 name of the novaboot script (see also B<--name>).
1463 If the I<prefix> contains string $BUILDDIR, it will be replaced with
1464 the build directory (see also B<--build-dir>).
1468 Alias for B<--prefix>.
1470 =item --grub2[=I<filename>]
1472 Generate GRUB2 menu entry in I<filename>. If I<filename> is not
1473 specified F<grub.cfg> is used. The content of the menu entry can be
1474 customized with B<--grub-preamble>, B<--grub2-prolog> or
1475 B<--grub_prefix> options.
1477 In order to use the the generated menu entry on your development
1478 machine that uses GRUB2, append the following snippet to
1479 F</etc/grub.d/40_custom> file and regenerate your grub configuration,
1480 i.e. run update-grub on Debian/Ubuntu.
1482 if [ -f /path/to/nul/build/grub.cfg ]; then
1483 source /path/to/nul/build/grub.cfg
1486 =item --grub2-prolog=I<prolog>
1488 Specifies text that is put at the beginning of the GRUB2 menu entry.
1490 =item -m, --make[=make command]
1492 Runs C<make> to build files that are not generated by novaboot itself.
1494 =item --name=I<string>
1496 Use the name I<string> instead of the name of the novaboot script.
1497 This name is used for things like a title of grub menu or for the
1498 server directory where the boot files are copied to.
1502 Do not run external commands to generate files (i.e. "<" syntax and
1503 C<run> keyword). This switch does not influence generation of files
1504 specified with "<<WORD" syntax.
1506 =item -p, --pulsar[=mac]
1508 Generates pulsar bootloader configuration file named F<config-I<mac>>
1509 The I<mac> string is typically a MAC address and defaults to
1512 =item --scons[=scons command]
1514 Runs C<scons> to build files that are not generated by novaboot
1519 Strip I<rom://> prefix from command lines and generated config files.
1520 The I<rom://> prefix is used by NUL. For NRE, it has to be stripped.
1524 Exit novaboot after file generation phase.
1528 =head2 Target connection check
1530 If supported by the target, the connection to it is made and it is
1531 checked whether the target is not occupied by another novaboot
1536 =item --amt=I<"[user[:password]@]host[:port]>
1538 Use Intel AMT technology to control the target machine. WS management
1539 is used to powercycle it and Serial-Over-Lan (SOL) for input/output.
1540 The hostname or (IP address) is given by the I<host> parameter. If
1541 I<password> is not specified, environment variable AMT_PASSWORD is
1542 used. The I<port> specifies a TCP port for SOL. If not specified, the
1543 default is 16992. Default I<user> is admin.
1545 =item --iprelay=I<addr[:port]>
1547 Use TCP/IP relay and serial port to access the target's serial port
1548 and powercycle it. The IP address of the relay is given by I<addr>
1549 parameter. If I<port> is not specified, it default to 23.
1551 Note: This option is supposed to work with HWG-ER02a IP relays.
1553 =item -s, --serial[=device]
1555 Target's serial line is connected to host's serial line (device). The
1556 default value for device is F</dev/ttyUSB0>.
1558 The value of this option is exported in NB_NOVABOOT environment
1559 variable to all subprocesses run by C<novaboot>.
1561 =item --stty=I<settings>
1563 Specifies settings passed to C<stty> invoked on the serial line
1564 specified with B<--serial> option. If this option is not given,
1565 C<stty> is called with C<raw -crtscts -onlcr 115200> settings.
1567 =item --remote-cmd=I<cmd>
1569 Command that mediates connection to the target's serial line. For
1570 example C<ssh server 'cu -l /dev/ttyS0'>.
1572 =item --remote-expect=I<string>
1574 Wait for reception of I<string> after establishing the remote
1577 =item --remote-expect-silent=I<string>
1579 The same as B<--remote-expect> except that the remote output is not
1580 echoed to stdout while waiting for the I<string>. Everything after the
1581 matched string is printed to stdout, so you may want to include line
1582 end characters in the I<string> as well.
1586 =head2 File deployment phase
1588 In some setups, it is necessary to copy the files needed for booting
1589 to a particular location, e.g. to a TFTP boot server or to the
1594 =item -d, --dhcp-tftp
1596 Turns your workstation into a DHCP and TFTP server so that the OS can
1597 be booted via PXE BIOS (or similar mechanism) on the test machine
1598 directly connected by a plain Ethernet cable to your workstation.
1600 The DHCP and TFTP servers requires root privileges and C<novaboot>
1601 uses C<sudo> command to obtain those. You can put the following to
1602 I</etc/sudoers> to allow running the necessary commands without asking
1605 Cmnd_Alias NOVABOOT = /bin/ip a add 10.23.23.1/24 dev eth0, /bin/ip l set dev eth0 up, /usr/sbin/dhcpd -d -cf dhcpd.conf -lf dhcpd.leases -pf dhcpd.pid, /usr/sbin/in.tftpd --listen --secure -v -v -v --pidfile tftpd.pid *, /usr/bin/touch dhcpd.leases, /usr/bin/pkill --pidfile=dhcpd.pid, /usr/bin/pkill --pidfile=tftpd.pid
1606 your_login ALL=NOPASSWD: NOVABOOT
1610 Starts a TFTP server on your workstation. This is similar to
1611 B<--dhcp-tftp> except that DHCP server is not started.
1613 The TFTP server require root privileges and C<novaboot> uses C<sudo>
1614 command to obtain those. You can put the following to I</etc/sudoers>
1615 to allow running the necessary commands without asking for password.
1617 Cmnd_Alias NOVABOOT = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd --listen --secure -v -v -v --pidfile tftpd.pid *, /usr/bin/pkill --pidfile=tftpd.pid
1618 your_login ALL=NOPASSWD: NOVABOOT
1620 =item --tftp-port=I<port>
1622 Port to run the TFTP server on. Implies B<--tftp>.
1624 =item --netif=I<network interface>
1626 Network interface used to deploy files to the target. Default value is
1627 I<eth0>. This influences the configuration of the DHCP server started
1628 by B<--dhcp-tftp> and the value that B<$NB_MYIP> get replaced with in
1629 U-Boot conversation.
1631 =item --iso[=filename]
1633 Generates the ISO image that boots NOVA system via GRUB. If no filename
1634 is given, the image is stored under I<NAME>.iso, where I<NAME> is the name
1635 of the novaboot script (see also B<--name>).
1637 =item --server[=[[user@]server:]path]
1639 Copy all files needed for booting to another location. The files will
1640 be copied (by B<rsync> tool) to the directory I<path>. If the I<path>
1641 contains string $NAME, it will be replaced with the name of the
1642 novaboot script (see also B<--name>).
1644 =item --rsync-flags=I<flags>
1646 Specifies which I<flags> are appended to F<rsync> command line when
1647 copying files as a result of I<--server> option.
1651 If B<--server> is used and its value ends with $NAME, then after
1652 copying the files, a new bootloader configuration file (e.g. menu.lst)
1653 is created at I<path-wo-name>, i.e. the path specified by B<--server>
1654 with $NAME part removed. The content of the file is created by
1655 concatenating all files of the same name from all subdirectories of
1656 I<path-wo-name> found on the "server".
1660 Use Intel AMT technology for IDE redirection. This allows the target
1661 machine to boot from novaboot created ISO image. Implies B<--iso>.
1663 The experimental C<amtider> utility needed by this option can be
1664 obtained from https://github.com/wentasah/amtterm.
1668 =head2 Target power-on and reset phase
1670 At this point, the target is reset (or switched on/off). There is
1671 several ways how this can be accomplished. Resetting a physical target
1672 can currently be accomplished by the following options: B<--amt>,
1673 B<--iprelay>, B<--reset-cmd>.
1679 Switch on/off the target machine and exit. The script (if any) is
1680 completely ignored. Currently it works only with B<--iprelay> or
1683 =item -Q, --qemu[=I<qemu-binary>]
1685 Boot the configuration in qemu. Optionally, the name of qemu binary
1686 can be specified as a parameter.
1688 =item --qemu-append=I<flags>
1690 Append I<flags> to the default qemu flags (QEMU_FLAGS variable or
1691 C<-cpu coreduo -smp 2>).
1693 =item -q, --qemu-flags=I<flags>
1695 Replace the default qemu flags (QEMU_FLAGS variable or C<-cpu coreduo
1696 -smp 2>) with I<flags> specified here.
1698 =item --reset-cmd=I<cmd>
1700 Command that resets the target.
1702 =item --no-reset, --reset
1704 Disable/enable resetting of the target.
1708 =head2 Interaction with the bootloader on the target
1712 =item --uboot[=I<prompt>]
1714 Interact with U-Boot bootloader to boot the thing described in the
1715 novaboot script. I<prompt> specifies the U-Boot's prompt (default is
1716 "=> ", other common prompts are "U-Boot> " or "U-Boot# ").
1717 Implementation of this option is currently tied to a particular board
1718 that we use. It may be subject to changes in the future!
1722 Disable U-Boot interaction previously enabled with B<--uboot>.
1726 Command(s) to send the U-Boot bootloader before loading the images and
1727 booting them. This option can be given multiple times. After sending
1728 commands from each option novaboot waits for U-Boot I<prompt>.
1730 If the command contains string I<$NB_MYIP> then this string is
1731 replaced by IPv4 address of eth0 interface (see also B<--netif>).
1732 Similarly I<$NB_PREFIX> is replaced with prefix given by B<--prefix>.
1734 See also C<uboot> keyword in L</"NOVABOOT SCRIPT SYNTAX">).
1736 =item --uboot-addr I<name>=I<address>
1738 Load address of U-Boot's C<tftpboot> command for loading I<name>,
1739 where name is one of I<kernel>, I<ramdisk> or I<fdt> (flattened device
1742 The default addresses are ${I<name>_addr_r}, i.e. U-Boot environment
1743 variables used by convention for this purpose.
1745 =item --uboot-cmd=I<command>
1747 Specifies U-Boot command used to execute the OS. If the command
1748 contains strings C<$kernel_addr>, C<$ramdisk_addr>, C<$fdt_addr>,
1749 these are replaced with the addresses configured with B<--uboot-addr>.
1751 The default value is
1753 bootm $kernel_addr $ramdisk_addr $fdt_addr
1755 or the C<UBOOT_CMD> variable if defined in the novaboot script.
1759 =head2 Target interaction phase
1761 In this phase, target's serial output is redirected to stdout and if
1762 stdin is a TTY, it is redirected to the target's serial input allowing
1763 interactive work with the target.
1767 =item --exiton=I<string>
1769 When I<string> is sent by the target, novaboot exits. This option can
1770 be specified multiple times, in which case novaboot exits whenever
1771 either of the specified strings is sent.
1773 If I<string> is C<-re>, then the next B<--exiton>'s I<string> is
1774 treated as regular expression. For example:
1776 --exiton -re --exiton 'error:.*failed'
1778 =item --exiton-re=I<regex>
1780 The same as --exiton -re --exiton I<regex>.
1782 =item --exiton-timeout=I<seconds>
1784 By default B<--exiton> waits for the string match forever. When this
1785 option is specified, "exiton" timeouts after the specifies number of
1786 seconds and novaboot returns non-zero exit code.
1788 =item -i, --interactive
1790 Setup things for interactive use of target. Your terminal will be
1791 switched to raw mode. In raw mode, your system does not process input
1792 in any way (no echoing of entered characters, no interpretation
1793 special characters). This, among others, means that Ctrl-C is passed
1794 to the target and does no longer interrupt novaboot. Use "~~."
1795 sequence to exit novaboot.
1797 =item --no-interaction, --interaction
1799 Skip resp. force target interaction phase. When skipped, novaboot exits
1800 immediately when boot is initiated.
1802 =item --expect=I<string>
1804 When I<string> is received from the target, send the string specified
1805 with the subsequent B<--send*> option to the target.
1807 =item --expect-re=I<regex>
1809 When target's output matches regular expression I<regex>, send the
1810 string specified with the subsequent B<--send*> option to the target.
1812 =item --expect-raw=I<perl-code>
1814 Provides direct control over Perl's Expect module.
1816 =item --send=I<string>
1818 Send I<string> to the target after the previously specified
1819 B<--expect*> was matched in the target's output. The I<string> may
1820 contain escape sequences such as "\n".
1822 Note that I<string> is actually interpreted by Perl, so it can contain
1823 much more that escape sequences. This behavior may change in the
1826 Example: C<--expect='login: ' --send='root\n'>
1828 =item --sendcont=I<string>
1830 Similar to B<--send> but continue expecting more input.
1832 Example: C<--expect='Continue?' --sendcont='yes\n'>
1834 =item --final-eol, --no-final-eol
1836 By default, B<novaboot> always prints an end-of-line character at the
1837 end of its execution in order to ensure that the output of programs
1838 started after novaboot appears at the beginning of the line. When this
1839 is not desired B<--no-final-eol> option can be used to override this
1844 =head1 NOVABOOT SCRIPT SYNTAX
1846 The syntax tries to mimic POSIX shell syntax. The syntax is defined
1847 with the following rules.
1849 Lines starting with "#" and empty lines are ignored.
1851 Lines that end with "\" are concatenated with the following line after
1852 removal of the final "\" and leading whitespace of the following line.
1854 Lines of the form I<VARIABLE=...> (i.e. matching '^[A-Z_]+=' regular
1855 expression) assign values to internal variables. See L</VARIABLES>
1858 Lines starting with C<load> keyword represent modules to boot. The
1859 word after C<load> is a file name (relative to the build directory
1860 (see B<--build-dir>) of the module to load and the remaining words are
1861 passed to it as the command line parameters.
1863 When the C<load> line ends with "<<WORD" then the subsequent lines
1864 until the line containing solely WORD are copied literally to the file
1865 named on that line. This is similar to shell's heredoc feature.
1867 When the C<load> line ends with "< CMD" then command CMD is executed
1868 with F</bin/sh> and its standard output is stored in the file named on
1869 that line. The SRCDIR variable in CMD's environment is set to the
1870 absolute path of the directory containing the interpreted novaboot
1873 Lines starting with C<run> keyword contain shell commands that are run
1874 during file generation phase. This is the same as the "< CMD" syntax
1875 for C<load> keyboard except that the command's output is not
1876 redirected to a file. The ordering of commands is the same as they
1877 appear in the novaboot script.
1879 Lines starting with C<uboot> represent U-Boot commands that are sent
1880 to the target if B<--uboot> option is given. Having a U-Boot line in
1881 the novaboot script is the same as passing an equivalent
1882 B<--uboot-init> option to novaboot. The C<uboot> keyword can be
1883 suffixed with timeout specification. The syntax is C<uboot:Ns>, where
1884 C<N> is the whole number of seconds. If the U-Boot command prompt does
1885 not appear before the timeout, novaboot fails. The default timeout is
1890 #!/usr/bin/env novaboot
1891 load bzImage console=ttyS0,115200
1892 run make -C buildroot
1893 load rootfs.cpio < gen_cpio buildroot/images/rootfs.cpio "myapp->/etc/init.d/S99myapp"
1895 Example (NOVA User Land - NUL):
1897 #!/usr/bin/env novaboot
1898 WVDESC=Example program
1899 load bin/apps/sigma0.nul S0_DEFAULT script_start:1,1 \
1900 verbose hostkeyb:0,0x60,1,12,2
1901 load bin/apps/hello.nul
1902 load hello.nulconfig <<EOF
1903 sigma0::mem:16 name::/s0/log name::/s0/timer name::/s0/fs/rom ||
1904 rom://bin/apps/hello.nul
1907 This example will load three modules: F<sigma0.nul>, F<hello.nul> and
1908 F<hello.nulconfig>. sigma0 receives some command line parameters and
1909 F<hello.nulconfig> file is generated on the fly from the lines between
1910 C<<<EOF> and C<EOF>.
1914 The following variables are interpreted in the novaboot script:
1920 Novaboot chdir()s to this directory before file generation phase. The
1921 directory name specified here is relative to the build directory
1922 specified by other means (see L</--build-dir>).
1926 Assigning this variable has the same effect as specifying L</--exiton>
1929 =item HYPERVISOR_PARAMS
1931 Parameters passed to hypervisor. The default value is "serial", unless
1932 overridden in configuration file.
1936 The kernel to use instead of the hypervisor specified in the
1937 configuration file with the C<$hypervisor> variable. The value should
1938 contain the name of the kernel image as well as its command line
1939 parameters. If this variable is defined and non-empty, the variable
1940 HYPERVISOR_PARAMS is not used.
1944 If this variable is 1, the system is not booted. This is currently
1945 only implemented for U-Boot bootloader where it is useful for
1946 interacting with the bootloader without booting the system - e.g. for
1951 Use a specific qemu binary (can be overridden with B<-Q>) and flags
1952 when booting this script under qemu. If QEMU_FLAGS variable is also
1953 specified flags specified in QEMU variable are replaced by those in
1958 Use specific qemu flags (can be overridden with B<-q>).
1962 See L</--uboot-cmd>.
1966 Description of the WvTest-compliant program.
1968 =item WVTEST_TIMEOUT
1970 The timeout in seconds for WvTest harness. If no complete line appears
1971 in the test output within the time specified here, the test fails. It
1972 is necessary to specify this for long running tests that produce no
1973 intermediate output.
1977 =head1 CONFIGURATION FILES
1979 Novaboot can read its configuration from one or more files. By
1980 default, novaboot looks for files in F</etc/novaboot.d>, file
1981 F<~/.config/novaboot> and files named F<.novaboot> as described in
1982 L</Configuration reading phase>. Alternatively, configuration file
1983 location can be specified with the B<-c> switch or with the
1984 NOVABOOT_CONFIG environment variable. The configuration file has Perl
1985 syntax (i.e. it is better to put C<1;> as the last line) and should set
1986 values of certain Perl variables. The current configuration can be
1987 dumped with the B<--dump-config> switch. Some configuration variables
1988 can be overridden by environment variables (see below) or by command
1991 Supported configuration variables include:
1997 Build directory location relative to the location of the configuration
2000 =item $default_target
2002 Default target (see below) to use when no target is explicitly
2003 specified with the B<--target> command line option or
2004 B<NOVABOOT_TARGET> environment variable.
2008 Hash of target definitions to be used with the B<--target> option. The
2009 key is the identifier of the target, the value is the string with
2010 command line options. For instance, if the configuration file contains:
2012 $targets{'mybox'} = '--server=boot:/tftproot --serial=/dev/ttyUSB0 --grub',
2014 then the following two commands are equivalent:
2016 ./myos --server=boot:/tftproot --serial=/dev/ttyUSB0 --grub
2021 =head1 ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
2023 Some options can be specified not only via config file or command line
2024 but also through environment variables. Environment variables override
2025 the values from configuration file and command line parameters
2026 override the environment variables.
2030 =item NOVABOOT_CONFIG
2032 Name of the novaboot configuration file to use instead of the default
2035 =item NOVABOOT_CONFIG_DIR
2037 Name of the novaboot configuration directory. When not specified
2038 F</etc/novaboot.d> is used.
2040 =item NOVABOOT_TARGET
2042 Name of the novaboot target to use. This overrides the value of
2043 B<$default_target> from the configuration file and can be overriden
2044 with the B<--target> command line option.
2046 =item NOVABOOT_BENDER
2048 Defining this variable has the same meaning as B<--bender> option.
2054 Michal Sojka <sojka@os.inf.tu-dresden.de>
2058 # LocalWords: novaboot Novaboot NOVABOOT TFTP PXE DHCP filename stty
2059 # LocalWords: chainloader stdout Qemu qemu preprocessing ISOLINUX bootable
2060 # LocalWords: config subprocesses sudo sudoers tftp dhcp IDE stdin
2061 # LocalWords: subdirectories TTY whitespace heredoc POSIX WvTest