3 # This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
4 # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
5 # the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or
6 # (at your option) any later version.
8 # This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
9 # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
10 # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
11 # GNU General Public License for more details.
13 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
14 # along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
20 use warnings (exists $ENV{NOVABOOT_TEST} ? (FATAL => 'all') : ());
21 use Getopt::Long qw(GetOptionsFromString GetOptionsFromArray);
26 use Time::HiRes("usleep");
30 use POSIX qw(:errno_h sysconf);
31 use Cwd qw(getcwd abs_path);
37 my $invocation_dir = $ENV{PWD} || getcwd();
39 ## Configuration file handling
41 # Default configuration
42 $CFG::hypervisor = "";
43 $CFG::hypervisor_params = "serial";
44 $CFG::genisoimage = "genisoimage";
45 $CFG::qemu = 'qemu-system-i386 -cpu coreduo -smp 2';
46 $CFG::default_target = '';
49 "tud" => '--server=erwin.inf.tu-dresden.de:~sojka/boot/novaboot --rsync-flags="--chmod=Dg+s,ug+w,o-w,+rX --rsync-path=\"umask 002 && rsync\"" --grub --grub-prefix=(nd)/tftpboot/sojka/novaboot --grub-preamble="timeout 0" --concat --iprelay=141.76.48.80:2324 --scriptmod=s/\\\\bhostserial\\\\b/hostserialpci/g',
50 "novabox" => '--server=rtime.felk.cvut.cz:/srv/tftp/novaboot --rsync-flags="--chmod=Dg+s,ug+w,o-w,+rX --rsync-path=\"umask 002 && rsync\"" --pulsar --iprelay=147.32.87.159:2324',
51 "localhost" => '--scriptmod=s/console=tty[A-Z0-9,]+// --server=/boot/novaboot/$NAME --grub2 --grub-prefix=/boot/novaboot/$NAME --grub2-prolog=" set root=\'(hd0,msdos1)\'"',
52 "ryu" => '--uboot --uboot-init="mw f0000b00 \${psc_cfg}; sleep 1" --uboot-addr kernel=800000 --uboot-addr ramdisk=b00000 --uboot-addr fdt=7f0000',
53 "ryuglab" => '--target ryu --server=pc-sojkam.felk.cvut.cz:/srv/tftp --remote-cmd="ssh -tt pc-sojkam.felk.cvut.cz \"sterm -d -s 115200 /dev/ttyUSB0\""',
54 "ryulocal" => '--target ryu --dhcp-tftp --serial --reset-cmd="if which dtrrts; then dtrrts $NB_SERIAL 0 1; sleep 0.1; dtrrts $NB_SERIAL 1 1; fi"',
59 $const{linux}->{_SC_NPROCESSORS_CONF} = 83;
60 my $nproc = sysconf($const{$^O}->{_SC_NPROCESSORS_CONF});
62 $CFG::scons = "scons -j$nproc";
63 $CFG::make = "make -j$nproc";
71 package CFG; # Put config data into a separate namespace
77 die("ERROR: Failure compiling '$cfg' - $@");
78 } elsif (! defined($rc)) {
79 die("ERROR: Failure reading '$cfg' - $!");
81 die("ERROR: Failure processing '$cfg'");
84 $builddir = File::Spec->rel2abs($CFG::builddir, dirname($cfg)) if defined $CFG::builddir;
85 print STDERR "novaboot: Read $cfg\n";
90 # We don't use $0 here, because it points to the novaboot itself and
91 # not to the novaboot script. The problem with this approach is that
92 # when a script is run as "novaboot <options> <script>" then $ARGV[0]
93 # contains the first option. Hence the -f check.
94 my $dir = File::Spec->rel2abs($ARGV[0] && -f $ARGV[0] ? dirname($ARGV[0]) : '', $invocation_dir);
95 while ((-d $dir || -l $dir ) && $dir ne "/") {
96 push @cfgs, "$dir/.novaboot" if -r "$dir/.novaboot";
97 my @dirs = File::Spec->splitdir($dir);
98 $dir = File::Spec->catdir(@dirs[0..$#dirs-1]);
100 @cfgs = reverse @cfgs;
102 my $xdg_config_home = $ENV{'XDG_CONFIG_HOME'} || $ENV{'HOME'}.'/.config';
103 unshift(@cfgs, "$xdg_config_home/novaboot") if -r "$xdg_config_home/novaboot";
105 $dir = $ENV{'NOVABOOT_CONFIG_DIR'} || '/etc/novaboot.d';
106 if (opendir(my $dh, $dir)) {
107 my @etccfg = map { "$dir/$_" } grep { /^[-_a-zA-Z0-9]+$/ && -f "$dir/$_" } readdir($dh);
109 @etccfg = sort(@etccfg);
110 @cfgs = ( @etccfg, @cfgs );
113 my $cfg = $ENV{'NOVABOOT_CONFIG'};
114 Getopt::Long::Configure(qw/no_ignore_case pass_through/);
115 GetOptions ("config|c=s" => \$cfg);
116 read_config($_) foreach $cfg or @cfgs;
118 ## Command line handling
120 my $explicit_target = $ENV{'NOVABOOT_TARGET'};
121 GetOptions ("target|t=s" => \$explicit_target);
123 my ($amt, @append, $bender, @chainloaders, $concat, $config_name_opt, $dhcp_tftp, $dump_opt, $dump_config, @exiton, $exiton_timeout, @expect_raw, $final_eol, $gen_only, $grub_config, $grub_prefix, $grub_preamble, $grub2_prolog, $grub2_config, $help, $ider, $interaction, $iprelay, $iso_image, $interactive, $kernel_opt, $make, $man, $netif, $no_file_gen, $off_opt, $on_opt, $pulsar, $pulsar_root, $qemu, $qemu_append, $qemu_flags_cmd, $remote_cmd, $remote_expect, $remote_expect_silent, $reset, $reset_cmd, $reset_send, $rom_prefix, $rsync_flags, @scriptmod, $scons, $serial, $server, $stty, $tftp, $tftp_port, $uboot, %uboot_addr, $uboot_cmd, @uboot_init);
125 # Default values of certain command line options
127 'kernel' => '${kernel_addr_r}',
128 'ramdisk' => '${ramdisk_addr_r}',
129 'fdt' => '${fdt_addr_r}',
132 $rom_prefix = 'rom://';
133 $stty = 'raw -crtscts -onlcr 115200';
134 $reset = 1; # Reset target by default
135 $interaction = 1; # Perform target interaction by default
139 my @expect_seen = ();
143 push(@expect_seen, '-re') if $n eq "expect-re";
144 push(@expect_seen, $v);
150 unless (@expect_seen) { die("No --expect before --send"); }
151 my $ret = ($n eq "sendcont") ? exp_continue : 0;
152 unshift(@expect_raw, sub { shift->send(eval("\"$v\"")); $ret; });
153 unshift(@expect_raw, @expect_seen);
160 "append|a=s" => \@append,
161 "bender|b" => \$bender,
162 "build-dir=s" => sub { my ($n, $v) = @_; $builddir = File::Spec->rel2abs($v); },
163 "concat" => \$concat,
164 "chainloader=s" => \@chainloaders,
165 "dhcp-tftp|d" => \$dhcp_tftp,
166 "dump" => \$dump_opt,
167 "dump-config" => \$dump_config,
168 "exiton=s" => \@exiton,
169 "exiton-timeout=i"=> \$exiton_timeout,
170 "exiton-re=s" => sub { my ($n, $v) = @_; push(@exiton, '-re', $v); },
171 "expect=s" => \&handle_expect,
172 "expect-re=s" => \&handle_expect,
173 "expect-raw=s" => sub { my ($n, $v) = @_; unshift(@expect_raw, eval($v)); },
174 "final-eol!" => \$final_eol,
175 "gen-only" => \$gen_only,
176 "grub|g:s" => \$grub_config,
177 "grub-preamble=s"=> \$grub_preamble,
178 "prefix|grub-prefix=s" => \$grub_prefix,
179 "grub2:s" => \$grub2_config,
180 "grub2-prolog=s" => \$grub2_prolog,
182 "interaction!" => \$interaction,
183 "iprelay=s" => \$iprelay,
184 "iso:s" => \$iso_image,
185 "kernel|k=s" => \$kernel_opt,
186 "interactive|i" => \$interactive,
187 "name=s" => \$config_name_opt,
188 "make|m:s" => \$make,
189 "netif=s" => \$netif,
190 "no-file-gen" => \$no_file_gen,
193 "pulsar|p:s" => \$pulsar,
194 "pulsar-root=s" => \$pulsar_root,
195 "qemu|Q:s" => \$qemu,
196 "qemu-append=s" => \$qemu_append,
197 "qemu-flags|q=s" => \$qemu_flags_cmd,
198 "remote-cmd=s" => \$remote_cmd,
199 "remote-expect=s"=> \$remote_expect,
200 "remote-expect-silent=s"=> sub { $remote_expect=$_[1]; $remote_expect_silent=1; },
202 "reset-cmd=s" => \$reset_cmd,
203 "reset-send=s" => \$reset_send,
204 "rsync-flags=s" => \$rsync_flags,
205 "scons:s" => \$scons,
206 "scriptmod=s" => \@scriptmod,
207 "send=s" => \&handle_send,
208 "sendcont=s" => \&handle_send,
209 "serial|s:s" => \$serial,
210 "server:s" => \$server,
211 "strip-rom" => sub { $rom_prefix = ''; },
214 "tftp-port=i" => \$tftp_port,
215 "uboot:s" => \$uboot,
216 "no-uboot" => sub { undef $uboot; },
217 "uboot-addr=s" => \%uboot_addr,
218 "uboot-cmd=s" => \$uboot_cmd,
219 "uboot-init=s" => sub { push @uboot_init, { command => $_[1] }; },
224 # First process target options
226 my $t = defined($explicit_target) ? $explicit_target : $CFG::default_target;
228 Getopt::Long::Configure(qw/no_ignore_case pass_through/);
230 exists $CFG::targets{$t} or die("Unknown target '$t' (valid targets are: ".join(", ", sort keys(%CFG::targets)).")");
232 undef $explicit_target;
233 my ($ret, $remaining_args) = GetOptionsFromString ($CFG::targets{$t}, ("target|t=s" => \$explicit_target));
234 if (!$ret) { die "Error parsing target $t option"; }
235 push(@target_expanded, @$remaining_args);
236 $t = $explicit_target;
239 (undef, my @args) = @ARGV;
240 @args = (@target_expanded, @args);
241 print STDERR "novaboot: Effective options: @args\n";
243 Getopt::Long::Configure(qw/no_ignore_case no_pass_through/);
244 GetOptionsFromArray(\@target_expanded, %opt_spec) or die ("Error in target definition");
247 # Then process other command line options - some of them may override
248 # what was specified by the target
249 GetOptions %opt_spec or die("Error in command line arguments");
250 pod2usage(1) if $help;
251 pod2usage(-exitstatus => 0, -verbose => 2) if $man;
253 ### Dump sanitized configuration (if requested)
257 $Data::Dumper::Indent=1;
258 print "# This file is in perl syntax.\n";
259 foreach my $key(sort(keys(%CFG::))) { # See "Symbol Tables" in perlmod(1)
260 if (defined ${$CFG::{$key}}) { print Data::Dumper->Dump([${$CFG::{$key}}], ["*$key"]); }
261 if ( @{$CFG::{$key}}) { print Data::Dumper->Dump([\@{$CFG::{$key}}], ["*$key"]); }
262 if ( %{$CFG::{$key}}) { print Data::Dumper->Dump([\%{$CFG::{$key}}], ["*$key"]); }
268 ### Sanitize configuration
270 if ($interactive && !-t STDIN) {
271 die("novaboot: Interactive mode not supported when not on terminal");
274 if (defined $config_name_opt && scalar(@ARGV) > 1) { die "You cannot use --name with multiple scripts"; }
277 $iso_image //= ''; # IDE-R needs an ISO image
278 if (!defined $amt) { die "Error: --ider requires --amt"; }
282 my %input_opts = ('--iprelay' => \$iprelay,
283 '--serial' => \$serial,
284 '--remote-cmd' => \$remote_cmd,
286 my @opts = grep(defined(${$input_opts{$_}}) , keys %input_opts);
288 die("novaboot: More than one target connection option: ".join(', ', @opts)) if scalar @opts > 1;
292 if (defined $serial) {
293 $serial ||= "/dev/ttyUSB0";
294 $ENV{NB_SERIAL} = $serial;
296 if (defined $grub_config) { $grub_config ||= "menu.lst"; }
297 if (defined $grub2_config) { $grub2_config ||= "grub.cfg"; }
299 ## Parse the novaboot script(s)
304 my ($modules, $variables, $generated, $copy, $chainload, $continuation) = ([], {}, [], []);
305 my $skip_reading = defined($on_opt) || defined($off_opt);
306 while (!$skip_reading && ($_ = <>)) {
307 if ($ARGV ne $last_fn) { # New script
308 die "Missing EOF in $last_fn" if $file;
309 die "Unfinished line in $last_fn" if $continuation;
311 push @scripts, { 'filename' => $ARGV,
312 'modules' => $modules = [],
313 'variables' => $variables = {},
314 'generated' => $generated = [],
315 'copy' => $copy = [],
316 'chainload' => $chainload = [],
321 next if /^#/ || /^\s*$/; # Skip comments and empty lines
323 $_ =~ s/^[[:space:]]*// if ($continuation);
325 if (/\\$/) { # Line continuation
326 $continuation .= substr($_, 0, length($_)-1);
330 if ($continuation) { # Last continuation line
331 $_ = $continuation . $_;
335 foreach my $mod(@scriptmod) { eval $mod; }
337 if ($file && $_ eq $EOF) { # Heredoc end
341 if ($file) { # Heredoc content
342 push @{$file}, "$_\n";
345 if (/^([A-Z_]+)=(.*)$/) { # Internal variable
346 $$variables{$1} = $2;
347 push(@exiton, $2) if ($1 eq "EXITON");
350 sub process_load_copy($) {
351 die("novaboot: '$last_fn' line $.: Missing file name\n") unless /^[^ <]+/;
352 if (/^([^ ]*)(.*?)[[:space:]]*<<([^ ]*)$/) { # Heredoc start
354 push @$generated, {filename => $1, content => $file};
358 if (/^([^ ]*)(.*?)[[:space:]]*< ?(.*)$/) { # Command substitution
359 push @$generated, {filename => $1, command => $3};
364 if (s/^load *//) { # Load line
365 push @$modules, process_load_copy($_);
368 if (s/^copy *//) { # Copy line
369 push @$copy, process_load_copy($_);
372 if (s/^chld *//) { # Chainload line
373 push @$chainload, process_load_copy($_);
376 if (/^run (.*)/) { # run line
377 push @$generated, {command => $1};
380 if (/^uboot(?::([0-9]+)s)? +(< *)?(.*)/) { # uboot line
381 # TODO: If U-Boot supports some interactive menu, it might
382 # make sense to store uboot lines per novaboot script.
383 my ($timeout, $redir, $string, $dest) = ($1, $2, $3);
384 if ($string =~ /(.*) *> *(.*)/) {
388 push @uboot_init, { command => $redir ? "" : $string,
389 system => $redir ? $string : "",
396 die("novaboot: Cannot parse script '$last_fn' line $.. Didn't you forget 'load' keyword?\n");
399 # print Dumper(\@scripts);
401 foreach my $script (@scripts) {
402 $modules = $$script{modules};
403 @$modules[0] =~ s/^[^ ]*/$kernel_opt/ if $kernel_opt;
404 @$modules[0] .= ' ' . join(' ', @append) if @append;
407 if (exists $variables->{KERNEL}) {
408 $kernel = $variables->{KERNEL};
410 if ($CFG::hypervisor) {
411 $kernel = $CFG::hypervisor . " ";
412 if (exists $variables->{HYPERVISOR_PARAMS}) {
413 $kernel .= $variables->{HYPERVISOR_PARAMS};
415 $kernel .= $CFG::hypervisor_params;
419 @$modules = ($kernel, @$modules) if $kernel;
420 @$modules = (@chainloaders, @$modules);
421 @$modules = ("bin/boot/bender", @$modules) if ($bender || defined $ENV{'NOVABOOT_BENDER'});
425 foreach my $script (@scripts) {
426 print join("\n", @{$$script{modules}})."\n";
433 sub generate_configs($$$) {
434 my ($base, $generated, $filename) = @_;
435 if ($base) { $base = "$base/"; };
436 foreach my $g(@$generated) {
437 if (exists $$g{content}) {
438 my $config = $$g{content};
439 my $fn = $$g{filename};
440 open(my $f, '>', $fn) || die("$fn: $!");
441 map { s|\brom://([^ ]*)|$rom_prefix$base$1|g; print $f "$_"; } @{$config};
443 print STDERR "novaboot: Created $fn\n";
444 } elsif (exists $$g{command} && ! $no_file_gen) {
445 $ENV{SRCDIR} = dirname(File::Spec->rel2abs( $filename, $invocation_dir ));
446 if (exists $$g{filename}) {
447 system_verbose("( $$g{command} ) > $$g{filename}");
449 system_verbose($$g{command});
455 sub generate_grub_config($$$$;$)
457 my ($filename, $title, $base, $modules_ref, $preamble) = @_;
458 if ($base) { $base = "$base/"; };
459 open(my $fg, '>', $filename) or die "$filename: $!";
460 print $fg "$preamble\n" if $preamble;
461 print $fg "title $title\n" if $title;
462 #print $fg "root $base\n"; # root doesn't really work for (nd)
464 foreach (@$modules_ref) {
467 my ($kbin, $kcmd) = split(' ', $_, 2);
468 $kcmd = '' if !defined $kcmd;
469 print $fg "kernel ${base}$kbin $kcmd\n";
471 s|\brom://([^ ]*)|$rom_prefix$base$1|g; # Translate rom:// files - needed for vdisk parameter of sigma0
472 print $fg "module $base$_\n";
476 print("novaboot: Created $builddir/$filename\n");
480 sub generate_syslinux_config($$$$)
482 my ($filename, $title, $base, $modules_ref) = @_;
483 if ($base && $base !~ /\/$/) { $base = "$base/"; };
484 open(my $fg, '>', $filename) or die "$filename: $!";
485 print $fg "LABEL $title\n";
486 #TODO print $fg "MENU LABEL $human_readable_title\n";
488 my ($kbin, $kcmd) = split(' ', @$modules_ref[0], 2);
490 if (system("file $kbin|grep 'Linux kernel'") == 0) {
491 my $initrd = @$modules_ref[1];
492 die('To many "load" lines for Linux kernel') if (scalar @$modules_ref > 2);
493 print $fg "LINUX $base$kbin\n";
494 print $fg "APPEND $kcmd\n";
495 print $fg "INITRD $base$initrd\n";
497 print $fg "KERNEL mboot.c32\n";
499 foreach (@$modules_ref) {
500 s|\brom://([^ ]*)|$rom_prefix$base$1|g; # Translate rom:// files - needed for vdisk parameter of sigma0
501 push @append, "$base$_";
502 print $fg "APPEND ".join(' --- ', @append)."\n";
505 #TODO print $fg "TEXT HELP\n";
506 #TODO print $fg "some help here\n";
507 #TODO print $fg "ENDTEXT\n";
509 print("novaboot: Created $builddir/$filename\n");
513 sub generate_grub2_config($$$$;$$)
515 my ($filename, $title, $base, $modules_ref, $preamble, $prolog) = @_;
516 if ($base && substr($base,-1,1) ne '/') { $base = "$base/"; };
517 open(my $fg, '>', $filename) or die "$filename: $!";
518 print $fg "$preamble\n" if $preamble;
519 $title ||= 'novaboot';
520 print $fg "menuentry $title {\n";
521 print $fg "$prolog\n" if $prolog;
523 foreach (@$modules_ref) {
526 my ($kbin, $kcmd) = split(' ', $_, 2);
527 $kcmd = '' if !defined $kcmd;
528 print $fg " multiboot ${base}$kbin $kcmd\n";
531 # GRUB2 doesn't pass filename in multiboot info so we have to duplicate it here
532 $_ = join(' ', ($args[0], @args));
533 s|\brom://|$rom_prefix|g; # We do not need to translate path for GRUB2
534 print $fg " module $base$_\n";
539 print("novaboot: Created $builddir/$filename\n");
543 sub generate_pulsar_config($$$)
545 my ($filename, $modules_ref, $chainload_ref) = @_;
546 open(my $fg, '>', $filename) or die "$filename: $!";
547 print $fg "root $pulsar_root\n" if defined $pulsar_root;
548 if (scalar(@$chainload_ref) > 0) {
549 print $fg "chld $$chainload_ref[0]\n";
553 foreach (@$modules_ref) {
556 ($kbin, $kcmd) = split(' ', $_, 2);
557 $kcmd = '' if !defined $kcmd;
560 s|\brom://|$rom_prefix|g;
561 print $fg "load $_\n";
564 # Put kernel as last - this is needed for booting Linux and has no influence on non-Linux OSes
565 print $fg "exec $kbin $kcmd\n";
568 print("novaboot: Created $builddir/$filename\n");
572 sub shell_cmd_string(@)
574 return join(' ', map((/^[-_=a-zA-Z0-9\/\.\+]+$/ ? "$_" : "'$_'"), @_));
579 print STDERR "novaboot: Running: ".shell_cmd_string(@_)."\n";
581 exit(1); # should not be reached
584 sub system_verbose($)
587 print STDERR "novaboot: Running: $cmd\n";
588 my $ret = system($cmd);
589 if ($ret & 0x007f) { die("Command terminated by a signal"); }
590 if ($ret & 0xff00) {die("Command exit with non-zero exit code"); }
591 if ($ret) { die("Command failure $ret"); }
596 $str =~ s/^\s+|\s+$//g;
602 if (exists $variables->{WVDESC}) {
603 print STDERR "Testing \"$variables->{WVDESC}\" in $last_fn:\n";
604 } elsif ($last_fn =~ /\.wv$/) {
605 print STDERR "Testing \"all\" in $last_fn:\n";
608 ## Connect to the target and check whether it is not occupied
610 # We have to do this before file generation phase, because file
611 # generation is intermixed with file deployment phase and we want to
612 # check whether the target is not used by somebody else before
613 # deploying files. Otherwise, we may rewrite other user's files on a
616 my $exp; # Expect object to communicate with the target over serial line
618 my ($target_reset, $target_power_on, $target_power_off);
619 my ($amt_user, $amt_password, $amt_host, $amt_port);
621 if (defined $iprelay) {
623 $iprelay =~ /([.0-9]+)(:([0-9]+))?/;
626 my $paddr = sockaddr_in($port, inet_aton($addr));
627 my $proto = getprotobyname('tcp');
628 socket($IPRELAY, PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, $proto) || die "socket: $!";
629 print STDERR "novaboot: Connecting to IP relay... ";
630 connect($IPRELAY, $paddr) || die "connect: $!";
631 print STDERR "done\n";
632 $exp = Expect->init(\*$IPRELAY);
636 print $exp "\xFF\xF6"; # AYT
637 my $connected = $exp->expect(20, # Timeout in seconds
638 '<iprelayd: connected>',
639 '-re', '<WEB51 HW[^>]*>');
644 my ($relay, $onoff) = @_;
645 die unless ($relay == 1 || $relay == 2);
647 my $cmd = ($relay == 1 ? 0x5 : 0x6) | ($onoff ? 0x20 : 0x10);
648 return "\xFF\xFA\x2C\x32".chr($cmd)."\xFF\xF0";
652 my ($relay, $onoff) = @_;
653 die unless ($relay == 1 || $relay == 2);
654 my $cmd = ($relay == 1 ? 0xdf : 0xbf) | ($onoff ? 0x00 : 0xff);
655 return "\xFF\xFA\x2C\x97".chr($cmd)."\xFF\xF0";
659 my ($relay, $onoff, $can_giveup) = @_;
660 my $confirmation = '';
662 print $exp relaycmd($relay, $onoff);
663 my $confirmed = $exp->expect(20, # Timeout in seconds
664 relayconf($relay, $onoff));
667 print("Relay confirmation timeout - ignoring\n");
669 die "Relay confirmation timeout";
675 $target_reset = sub {
676 relay(2, 1, 1); # Reset the machine
681 $target_power_off = sub {
682 relay(1, 1); # Press power button
683 usleep(6000000); # Long press to switch off
687 $target_power_on = sub {
688 relay(1, 1); # Press power button
689 usleep(100000); # Short press
695 system_verbose("stty -F $serial $stty");
696 open($CONN, "+<", $serial) || die "open $serial: $!";
697 $exp = Expect->init(\*$CONN);
699 elsif ($remote_cmd) {
700 print STDERR "novaboot: Running: $remote_cmd\n";
701 $exp = Expect->spawn($remote_cmd);
703 elsif (defined $amt) {
704 require LWP::UserAgent;
705 require LWP::Authen::Digest;
708 my ($host, $username, $password, $schema, $className, $pstate) = @_;
709 #AMT numbers for PowerStateChange (MNI => bluescreen on windows;-)
710 my %pstates = ("on" => 2,
717 <s:Envelope xmlns:s="http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope" xmlns:a="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2004/08/addressing" xmlns:w="http://schemas.dmtf.org/wbem/wsman/1/wsman.xsd">
718 <s:Header><a:To>http://$host:16992/wsman</a:To>
719 <w:ResourceURI s:mustUnderstand="true">$schema</w:ResourceURI>
720 <a:ReplyTo><a:Address s:mustUnderstand="true">http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2004/08/addressing/role/anonymous</a:Address></a:ReplyTo>
721 <a:Action s:mustUnderstand="true">$schema$className</a:Action>
722 <w:MaxEnvelopeSize s:mustUnderstand="true">153600</w:MaxEnvelopeSize>
723 <a:MessageID>uuid:709072C9-609C-4B43-B301-075004043C7C</a:MessageID>
724 <w:Locale xml:lang="en-US" s:mustUnderstand="false" />
725 <w:OperationTimeout>PT60.000S</w:OperationTimeout>
726 <w:SelectorSet><w:Selector Name="Name">Intel(r) AMT Power Management Service</w:Selector></w:SelectorSet>
728 <p:RequestPowerStateChange_INPUT xmlns:p="http://schemas.dmtf.org/wbem/wscim/1/cim-schema/2/CIM_PowerManagementService">
729 <p:PowerState>$pstates{$pstate}</p:PowerState>
730 <p:ManagedElement><a:Address>http://$host:16992/wsman</a:Address>
731 <a:ReferenceParameters><w:ResourceURI>http://schemas.dmtf.org/wbem/wscim/1/cim-schema/2/CIM_ComputerSystem</w:ResourceURI>
732 <w:SelectorSet><w:Selector Name="Name">ManagedSystem</w:Selector></w:SelectorSet>
733 </a:ReferenceParameters></p:ManagedElement>
734 </p:RequestPowerStateChange_INPUT>
735 </s:Body></s:Envelope>
740 my ($host, $username, $password, $content) = @_;
742 my $ua = LWP::UserAgent->new();
743 $ua->agent("novaboot");
745 my $req = HTTP::Request->new(POST => "http://$host:16992/wsman");
746 my $res = $ua->request($req);
747 die ("Unexpected AMT response: " . $res->status_line) unless $res->code == 401;
749 my ($realm) = $res->header("WWW-Authenticate") =~ /Digest realm="(.*?)"/;
750 $ua->credentials("$host:16992", $realm, $username => $password);
753 $req = HTTP::Request->new(POST => "http://$host:16992/wsman");
754 $req->content_type('application/x-www-form-urlencoded');
755 $req->content($content);
756 $res = $ua->request($req);
757 die ("AMT power change request failed: " . $res->status_line) unless $res->is_success;
758 $res->content() =~ /<g:ReturnValue>(\d+)<\/g:ReturnValue>/;
763 my ($host, $username, $password, $pstate)=@_;
764 my $schema="http://schemas.dmtf.org/wbem/wscim/1/cim-schema/2/CIM_PowerManagementService";
765 my $className="/RequestPowerStateChange";
766 my $content = genXML($host, $username, $password ,$schema, $className, $pstate);
767 return sendPOST($host, $username, $password, $content);
770 ($amt_user,$amt_password,$amt_host,$amt_port) = ($amt =~ /(?:(.*?)(?::(.*))?@)?([^:]*)(?::([0-9]*))?/);;
771 $amt_user ||= "admin";
772 $amt_password ||= $ENV{'AMT_PASSWORD'} || die "AMT password not specified";
773 $amt_host || die "AMT host not specified";
777 $target_power_off = sub {
779 my $result = powerChange($amt_host,$amt_user,$amt_password, "off");
780 die "AMT power off failed (ReturnValue $result)" if $result != 0;
783 $target_power_on = sub {
784 my $result = powerChange($amt_host,$amt_user,$amt_password, "on");
785 die "AMT power on failed (ReturnValue $result)" if $result != 0;
788 $target_reset = sub {
789 my $result = powerChange($amt_host,$amt_user,$amt_password, "reset");
791 print STDERR "Warning: Cannot reset $amt_host, trying power on. ";
792 $result = powerChange($amt_host,$amt_user,$amt_password, "on");
794 die "AMT reset failed (ReturnValue $result)" if $result != 0;
797 my $cmd = "amtterm -u $amt_user -p $amt_password $amt_host $amt_port";
798 print STDERR "novaboot: Running: $cmd\n" =~ s/\Q$amt_password\E/???/r;
799 $exp = Expect->spawn($cmd);
800 $exp->expect(10, "RUN_SOL") || die "Expect for 'RUN_SOL' timed out";
805 if ($remote_expect) {
806 $exp || die("No serial line connection");
807 my $log = $exp->log_stdout;
808 if (defined $remote_expect_silent) {
811 $exp->expect(180, $remote_expect) || die "Expect for '$remote_expect' timed out";
812 if (defined $remote_expect_silent) {
813 $exp->log_stdout($log);
814 print $exp->after() if $log;
818 if (defined $reset_cmd) {
819 $target_reset = sub {
820 system_verbose($reset_cmd);
824 if (defined $reset_send) {
825 $target_reset = sub {
826 $reset_send =~ s/\\n/\n/g;
827 $exp->send($reset_send);
831 if (defined $on_opt && defined $target_power_on) {
835 if (defined $off_opt && defined $target_power_off) {
836 print STDERR "novaboot: Switching the target off...\n";
837 &$target_power_off();
841 $builddir ||= dirname(File::Spec->rel2abs( ${$scripts[0]}{filename})) if scalar @scripts;
842 if (defined $builddir) {
843 chdir($builddir) or die "Can't change directory to $builddir: $!";
844 print STDERR "novaboot: Entering directory `$builddir'\n";
846 $builddir = $invocation_dir;
849 ## File generation phase
850 my (%files_iso, $menu_iso, $filename);
851 my $config_name = '';
854 foreach my $script (@scripts) {
855 $filename = $$script{filename};
856 $modules = $$script{modules};
857 $generated = $$script{generated};
858 $variables = $$script{variables};
860 ($config_name = $filename) =~ s#.*/##;
861 $config_name = $config_name_opt if (defined $config_name_opt);
863 if (exists $variables->{BUILDDIR}) {
864 $builddir = File::Spec->rel2abs($variables->{BUILDDIR});
865 chdir($builddir) or die "Can't change directory to $builddir: $!";
866 print STDERR "novaboot: Entering directory `$builddir'\n";
870 $prefix = $grub_prefix;
871 $prefix =~ s/\$NAME/$config_name/;
872 $prefix =~ s/\$BUILDDIR/$builddir/;
874 # TODO: use $grub_prefix as first parameter if some switch is given
875 generate_configs('', $generated, $filename);
877 ### Generate bootloader configuration files
878 my @bootloader_configs;
879 push @bootloader_configs, generate_grub_config($grub_config, $config_name, $prefix, $modules, $grub_preamble) if (defined $grub_config);
880 push @bootloader_configs, generate_grub2_config($grub2_config, $config_name, $prefix, $modules, $grub_preamble, $grub2_prolog) if (defined $grub2_config);
881 push @bootloader_configs, generate_pulsar_config('config-'.($pulsar||'novaboot'), $modules, $chainload) if (defined $pulsar);
883 ### Run scons or make
886 push @all, @$modules;
888 push @all, @$chainload;
889 my @files = map({ ($file) = m/([^ ]*)/; $file; } @all);
891 # Filter-out generated files
892 my @to_build = grep({ my $file = $_; !scalar(grep($file eq ($$_{filename} || ''), @$generated)) } @files);
894 system_verbose($scons || $CFG::scons." ".join(" ", @to_build)) if (defined $scons);
895 system_verbose($make || $CFG::make ." ".join(" ", @to_build)) if (defined $make);
898 ### Copy files (using rsync)
899 if (defined $server && !defined($gen_only)) {
900 (my $real_server = $server) =~ s/\$NAME/$config_name/;
902 my ($hostname, $path) = split(":", $real_server, 2);
903 if (! defined $path) {
907 my $files = join(" ", map({ ($file) = m/([^ ]*)/; $file; } ( @$modules, @bootloader_configs, @$copy)));
908 map({ my $file = (split)[0]; die "$file: $!" if ! -f $file; } @$modules);
909 my $istty = -t STDOUT && ($ENV{'TERM'} || 'dumb') ne 'dumb';
910 my $progress = $istty ? "--progress" : "";
912 system_verbose("rsync $progress -RLp $rsync_flags $files $real_server");
913 if ($server =~ m|/\$NAME$| && $concat) {
914 my $cmd = join("; ", map { "( cd $path/.. && cat */$_ > $_ )" } @bootloader_configs);
915 system_verbose($hostname ? "ssh $hostname '$cmd'" : $cmd);
920 ### Prepare ISO image generation
921 if (defined $iso_image) {
922 generate_configs("(cd)", $generated, $filename);
924 generate_syslinux_config(\$menu, $config_name, "/", $modules);
925 $menu_iso .= "$menu\n";
926 map { ($file,undef) = split; $files_iso{$file} = 1; } @$modules;
930 ## Generate ISO image
931 if (defined $iso_image) {
932 system_verbose("mkdir -p isolinux");
935 if (-f '/usr/lib/ISOLINUX/isolinux.bin') {
936 # Newer ISOLINUX version
937 @files = qw(/usr/lib/ISOLINUX/isolinux.bin /usr/lib/syslinux/modules/bios/mboot.c32 /usr/lib/syslinux/modules/bios/libcom32.c32 /usr/lib/syslinux/modules/bios/menu.c32 /usr/lib/syslinux/modules/bios/ldlinux.c32);
939 # Older ISOLINUX version
940 @files = qw(/usr/lib/syslinux/isolinux.bin /usr/lib/syslinux/mboot.c32 /usr/lib/syslinux/menu.c32);
942 system_verbose("cp @files isolinux");
943 open(my $fh, ">isolinux/isolinux.cfg");
945 print $fh "TIMEOUT 50\n";
946 print $fh "DEFAULT menu\n";
948 print $fh "DEFAULT $config_name\n";
950 print $fh "$menu_iso";
953 my $files = join(" ", map("$_=$_", (keys(%files_iso), 'isolinux/isolinux.cfg', map(s|.*/|isolinux/|r, @files))));
954 $iso_image ||= "$config_name.iso";
956 # Note: We use -U flag below to "Allow 'untranslated' filenames,
957 # completely violating the ISO9660 standards". Without this
958 # option, isolinux is not able to read files names for example
960 system_verbose("$CFG::genisoimage -R -b isolinux/isolinux.bin -c isolinux/boot.cat -no-emul-boot -boot-load-size 4 -boot-info-table -hide-rr-moved -U -o $iso_image -graft-points $files");
961 print("ISO image created: $builddir/$iso_image\n");
964 exit(0) if defined $gen_only;
966 ## Boot the system using various methods and send serial output to stdout
968 if (scalar(@scripts) > 1 && ( defined $dhcp_tftp || defined $serial || defined $iprelay)) {
969 die "You cannot do this with multiple scripts simultaneously";
972 if ($variables->{WVTEST_TIMEOUT}) {
973 print STDERR "wvtest: timeout ", $variables->{WVTEST_TIMEOUT}, "\n";
980 $qemu ||= $variables->{QEMU} || $CFG::qemu;
981 my @qemu_flags = split(" ", $qemu);
982 $qemu = shift(@qemu_flags);
984 @qemu_flags = split(/ +/, trim($variables->{QEMU_FLAGS})) if exists $variables->{QEMU_FLAGS};
985 @qemu_flags = split(/ +/, trim($qemu_flags_cmd)) if $qemu_flags_cmd;
986 push(@qemu_flags, split(/ +/, trim($qemu_append || '')));
988 if (defined $iso_image) {
989 # Boot NOVA with grub (and test the iso image)
990 push(@qemu_flags, ('-cdrom', $iso_image));
992 # Boot NOVA without GRUB
994 # Non-patched qemu doesn't like commas, but NUL can live with pluses instead of commans
995 foreach (@$modules) {s/,/+/g;}
996 generate_configs("", $generated, $filename);
998 if (scalar @$modules) {
999 my ($kbin, $kcmd) = split(' ', shift(@$modules), 2);
1000 $kcmd = '' if !defined $kcmd;
1002 @$modules = map { if (/\.dtb$/) { $dtb=$_; (); } else { $_ } } @$modules;
1003 my $initrd = join ",", @$modules;
1005 push(@qemu_flags, ('-kernel', $kbin, '-append', $kcmd));
1006 push(@qemu_flags, ('-initrd', $initrd)) if $initrd;
1007 push(@qemu_flags, ('-dtb', $dtb)) if $dtb;
1010 if (!grep /^-serial$/, @qemu_flags) {
1011 push(@qemu_flags, qw(-serial stdio)); # Redirect serial output (for collecting test restuls)
1013 unshift(@qemu_flags, ('-name', $config_name));
1014 print STDERR "novaboot: Running: ".shell_cmd_string($qemu, @qemu_flags)."\n";
1015 $exp = Expect->spawn(($qemu, @qemu_flags)) || die("exec() failed: $!");
1018 ### Local DHCPD and TFTPD
1020 my ($dhcpd_pid, $tftpd_pid);
1022 $tftp=1 if $tftp_port;
1024 if (defined $dhcp_tftp)
1026 generate_configs("(nd)", $generated, $filename);
1027 system_verbose('mkdir -p tftpboot');
1028 generate_grub_config("tftpboot/os-menu.lst", $config_name, "(nd)", \@$modules, "timeout 0");
1029 open(my $fh, '>', 'dhcpd.conf');
1030 my $mac = `cat /sys/class/net/$netif/address`;
1032 print $fh "subnet 10.23.23.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
1033 range 10.23.23.10 10.23.23.100;
1034 filename \"bin/boot/grub/pxegrub.pxe\";
1035 next-server 10.23.23.1;
1038 hardware ethernet $mac;
1039 fixed-address 10.23.23.1;
1042 system_verbose("sudo ip a add 10.23.23.1/24 dev $netif;
1043 sudo ip l set dev $netif up;
1044 sudo touch dhcpd.leases");
1046 # We run servers by forking ourselves, because the servers end up
1047 # in our process group and get killed by signals sent to the
1048 # process group (e.g. Ctrl-C on terminal).
1049 $dhcpd_pid = fork();
1050 exec_verbose("sudo dhcpd -d -cf dhcpd.conf -lf dhcpd.leases -pf dhcpd.pid") if ($dhcpd_pid == 0);
1053 if (defined $dhcp_tftp || defined $tftp) {
1055 # Unfortunately, tftpd requires root privileges even with
1056 # non-privileged (>1023) port due to initgroups().
1057 system_verbose("sudo in.tftpd --listen --secure -v -v -v --pidfile tftpd.pid --address :$tftp_port $builddir");
1059 # Kill server when we die
1060 $SIG{__DIE__} = sub { system_verbose('sudo pkill --pidfile=dhcpd.pid') if (defined $dhcp_tftp);
1061 system_verbose('sudo pkill --pidfile=tftpd.pid'); };
1063 # We have to kill tftpd explicitely, because it is not in our process group
1064 $SIG{INT} = sub { system_verbose('sudo pkill --pidfile=tftpd.pid'); exit(0); };
1068 if (defined $ider) {
1069 my $ider_cmd= "amtider -c $iso_image -u $amt_user -p $amt_password $amt_host $amt_port" ;
1070 print STDERR "novaboot: Running: $ider_cmd\n" =~ s/\Q$amt_password\E/???/r;
1071 my $ider_pid = fork();
1072 if ($ider_pid == 0) {
1074 die "IDE redirection failed";
1076 # FIXME: This collides with --tftp option. Hopefully, nobody needs
1077 # to use both simultaneously.
1078 $SIG{__DIE__} = sub { system_verbose('kill $ider_pid'); };
1081 ### Reset target (IP relay, AMT, ...)
1083 if (defined $target_reset && $reset) {
1084 print STDERR "novaboot: Reseting the test box... ";
1086 print STDERR "done\n";
1088 # We don't want to output anything printed by the target
1089 # before reset so we clear the buffers now. This is, however,
1090 # not ideal because we may loose some data that were sent
1091 # after the reset. If this is a problem, one should reset and
1092 # connect to serial line in atomic manner. For example, if
1093 # supported by hardware, use --remote-cmd 'sterm -d ...' and
1094 # do not use separate --reset-cmd.
1095 my $log = $exp->log_stdout;
1096 $exp->log_stdout(0);
1097 $exp->expect(0); # Read data from target
1098 $exp->clear_accum(); # Clear the read data
1099 $exp->log_stdout($log);
1103 ### U-boot conversation
1104 if (defined $uboot) {
1105 my $uboot_prompt = $uboot || '=> ';
1106 print STDERR "novaboot: Waiting for U-Boot prompt...\n";
1107 $exp || die("No serial line connection");
1108 $exp->log_stdout(1);
1109 #$exp->exp_internal(1);
1111 [qr/Hit any key to stop autoboot:/, sub { $exp->send("\n"); exp_continue; }],
1112 $uboot_prompt) || die "No U-Boot prompt deteceted";
1113 foreach my $cmdspec (@uboot_init) {
1114 my ($cmd, $timeout);
1115 die "Internal error - please report a bug" unless ref($cmdspec) eq "HASH";
1117 if ($cmdspec->{system}) {
1118 $cmd = `$cmdspec->{system}`;
1120 $cmd = $cmdspec->{command};
1122 $timeout = $cmdspec->{timeout} // 10;
1124 if ($cmd =~ /\$NB_MYIP/) {
1125 my $ip = (grep /inet /, `ip addr show $netif`)[0] || die "Problem determining IP address of $netif";
1126 $ip =~ s/\s*inet ([0-9.]*).*/$1/;
1127 $cmd =~ s/\$NB_MYIP/$ip/g;
1129 if ($cmd =~ /\$NB_PREFIX/) {
1132 $cmd =~ s/\$NB_PREFIX/$p/g;
1135 $exp->send("$cmd\n");
1137 my ($matched_pattern_position, $error,
1138 $successfully_matching_string,
1139 $before_match, $after_match) =
1140 $exp->expect($timeout, $uboot_prompt);
1141 die "No U-Boot prompt: $error" if $error;
1143 if ($cmdspec->{dest}) {
1144 open(my $fh, ">", $cmdspec->{dest}) or die "Cannot open '$cmdspec->{dest}': $!";
1145 print $fh $before_match;
1150 # Load files if there are some load lines in the script
1151 if (scalar(@$modules) > 0 && !$variables->{NO_BOOT}) {
1152 my ($kbin, $kcmd) = split(' ', shift(@$modules), 2);
1154 @$modules = map { if (/\.dtb$/) { $dtb=$_; (); } else { $_ } } @$modules;
1155 my $initrd = shift @$modules;
1157 if (defined $kbin) {
1158 die "No '--uboot-addr kernel' given" unless $uboot_addr{kernel};
1159 $exp->send("tftpboot $uboot_addr{kernel} $prefix$kbin\n");
1161 [qr/##/, sub { exp_continue; }],
1162 $uboot_prompt) || die "Kernel load timeout";
1165 die "No '--uboot-addr fdt' given" unless $uboot_addr{fdt};
1166 $exp->send("tftpboot $uboot_addr{fdt} $prefix$dtb\n");
1168 [qr/##/, sub { exp_continue; }],
1169 $uboot_prompt) || die "Device tree load timeout";
1171 if (defined $initrd) {
1172 die "No '--uboot-addr ramdisk' given" unless $uboot_addr{ramdisk};
1173 $exp->send("tftpboot $uboot_addr{ramdisk} $prefix$initrd\n");
1175 [qr/##/, sub { exp_continue; }],
1176 $uboot_prompt) || die "Initrd load timeout";
1178 $uboot_addr{ramdisk} = '-';
1182 $exp->send("setenv bootargs $kcmd\n");
1183 $exp->expect(5, $uboot_prompt) || die "U-Boot prompt timeout";
1186 $uboot_cmd //= $variables->{UBOOT_CMD} // 'bootm $kernel_addr $ramdisk_addr $fdt_addr';
1187 if (!$variables->{NO_BOOT} && $uboot_cmd ne '') {
1188 $uboot_cmd =~ s/\$kernel_addr/$uboot_addr{kernel}/g;
1189 $uboot_cmd =~ s/\$ramdisk_addr/$uboot_addr{ramdisk}/g;
1190 $uboot_cmd =~ s/\$fdt_addr/$uboot_addr{fdt}/g;
1192 $exp->send($uboot_cmd . "\n");
1193 $exp->expect(5, "\n") || die "U-Boot command timeout";
1197 ### Serial line interaction
1198 if ($interaction && defined $exp) {
1199 # Serial line of the target is available
1200 my $interrupt = 'Ctrl-C';
1201 if ($interactive && !@exiton) {
1202 $interrupt = '"~~."';
1204 print STDERR "novaboot: Serial line interaction (press $interrupt to interrupt)...\n";
1205 $exp->log_stdout(1);
1207 $exp->expect($exiton_timeout, @expect_raw, @exiton) || die("exiton timeout");
1209 my @inputs = ($exp);
1210 my $infile = new IO::File;
1211 $infile->IO::File::fdopen(*STDIN,'r');
1212 my $in_object = Expect->exp_init($infile);
1213 $in_object->set_group($exp);
1216 $in_object->set_seq('~~\.', sub { print STDERR "novaboot: Escape sequence detected\r\n"; undef; });
1217 $in_object->manual_stty(0); # Use raw terminal mode
1219 $in_object->manual_stty(1); # Do not modify terminal settings
1221 push(@inputs, $in_object);
1223 #print Dumper(\@expect_raw);
1224 $exp->expect(undef, @expect_raw) if @expect_raw;
1226 $^W = 0; # Suppress Expect warning: handle id(3) is not a tty. Not changing mode at /usr/share/perl5/Expect.pm line 393, <> line 8.
1227 Expect::interconnect(@inputs) unless defined($exp->exitstatus);
1232 ## Kill dhcpc or tftpd
1233 if (defined $dhcp_tftp || defined $tftp) {
1234 die("novaboot: This should kill servers on background\n");
1237 # Always finish novaboot output with newline
1238 print "\n" if $final_eol;
1245 novaboot - Boots a locally compiled operating system on a remote
1252 B<novaboot> [option]... [--] script...
1254 B<./script> [option]...
1258 Novaboot makes booting of a locally compiled operating system (OS)
1259 (e.g. NOVA or Linux) on remote targets as simple as running a program
1260 locally. It automates things like copying OS images to a TFTP server,
1261 generation of bootloader configuration files, resetting of target
1262 hardware or redirection of target's serial line to stdin/out. Novaboot
1263 is highly configurable and makes it easy to boot a single image on
1264 different targets or different images on a single target.
1266 Novaboot operation is controlled by configuration files, command line
1267 options and by a so-called novaboot script, which can be thought as a
1268 generalization of bootloader configuration files (see L</"NOVABOOT
1269 SCRIPT SYNTAX">). The typical way of using novaboot is to make the
1270 novaboot script executable and set its first line to I<#!/usr/bin/env
1271 novaboot>. Then, booting a particular OS configuration becomes the
1272 same as executing a local program – the novaboot script.
1274 Novaboot uses configuration files to, among other things, define
1275 command line options needed for different targets. Users typically use
1276 only the B<-t>/B<--target> command line option to select the target.
1277 Internally, this option expands to the pre-configured options.
1278 Configuration files are searched at multiple places, which allows to
1279 have per-system, per-user or per-project configurations. Configuration
1280 file syntax is described in section L</"CONFIGURATION FILES">.
1282 Simple examples of using C<novaboot>:
1288 Run an OS in Qemu. This can be specified with the B<--qemu> option.
1291 novaboot --qemu myos
1293 (or C<./myos --qemu> as described above) will run Qemu and make it
1294 boot the configuration specified in the F<myos> script.
1298 Create a bootloader configuration file (currently supported
1299 bootloaders are GRUB, GRUB2, ISOLINUX, Pulsar and U-Boot) and copy it
1300 with all other files needed for booting to a remote boot server. Then
1301 use a TCP/IP-controlled relay/serial-to-TCP converter to reset the
1302 target and receive its serial output.
1304 ./myos --grub2 --server=192.168.1.1:/tftp --iprelay=192.168.1.2
1306 Alternatively, you can put these switches to the configuration file
1309 ./myos --target mytarget
1313 Run DHCP and TFTP server on developer's machine to boot the target
1318 This is useful when no network infrastructure is in place and
1319 the target is connected directly to developer's box.
1323 Create bootable ISO image.
1325 novaboot --iso -- script1 script2
1327 The created ISO image will have ISOLINUX bootloader installed on it
1328 and the boot menu will allow selecting between I<script1> and
1329 I<script2> configurations.
1333 =head1 PHASES AND OPTIONS
1335 Novaboot performs its work in several phases. Each phase can be
1336 influenced by several command line options, certain phases can be
1337 skipped. The list of phases (in the execution order) is as follows.
1341 =item 1. L<Configuration reading|/Configuration reading phase>
1343 =item 2. L<Command line processing|/Command line processing phase>
1345 =item 3. L<Script preprocessing|/Script preprocessing phase>
1347 =item 4. L<File generation|/File generation phase>
1349 =item 5. L<Target connection|/Target connection check>
1351 =item 6. L<File deployment|/File deployment phase>
1353 =item 7. L<Target power-on and reset|/Target power-on and reset phase>
1355 =item 8. L<Interaction with the bootloader|/Interaction with the bootloader on the target>
1357 =item 9. L<Target interaction|/Target interaction phase>
1361 Each phase is described in the following sections together with the
1362 command line options that control it.
1364 =head2 Configuration reading phase
1366 After starting, novaboot reads configuration files. Their content is
1367 described in section L</"CONFIGURATION FILES">. By default,
1368 the configuration is read from multiple locations. First from the system
1369 configuration directory (F</etc/novaboot.d/>), second from the user
1370 configuration file (F<~/.config/novaboot>) and third from F<.novaboot>
1371 files along the path to the current directory. Alternatively, a single
1372 configuration file specified with the B<-c> switch or with the
1373 C<NOVABOOT_CONFIG> environment variable is read. The latter read files
1374 override settings from the former ones.
1376 The system configuration directory is determined by the content of
1377 NOVABOOT_CONFIG_DIR environment variable and defaults to
1378 F</etc/novaboot.d>. Files in this directory with names consisting
1379 solely of English letters, numbers, dashes '-' and underscores '_'
1380 (note that dot '.' is not included) are read in alphabetical order.
1382 Then, the user configuration file is read from
1383 F<$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/novaboot>. If C<$XDG_CONFIG_HOME> environment
1384 variable is not set F<~/.config/novaboot> is read instead.
1386 Finally, novaboot searches for files named F<.novaboot> starting from the
1387 directory of the novaboot script (or working directory, see bellow)
1388 and continuing upwards up to the root directory. The found
1389 configuration files are then read in the opposite order (i.e. from the
1390 root directory downwards). This allows having, for example, a project
1391 specific configuration in F<~/project/.novaboot>.
1393 Note the difference between F<~/.config/novaboot> and F<~/.novaboot>.
1394 The former one is read always, whereas the latter only when novaboot
1395 script or working directory is under the C<$HOME> directory.
1397 In certain cases, the location of the novaboot script cannot be
1398 determined in this early phase. This happens either when the script is
1399 read from the standard input or when novaboot is invoked explicitly as
1400 in the example L</"4."> above. In this case, the current working
1401 directory is used as a starting point for configuration file search
1402 instead of the novaboot script directory.
1406 =item -c, --config=I<filename>
1408 Use the specified configuration file instead of the default one(s).
1412 =head2 Command line processing phase
1418 Dump the current configuration to stdout end exit. Useful as an
1419 initial template for a configuration file.
1423 Print short (B<-h>) or long (B<--help>) help.
1425 =item -t, --target=I<target>
1427 This option serves as a user configurable shortcut for other novaboot
1428 options. The effect of this option is the same as specifying the
1429 options stored in the C<%targets> configuration variable under key
1430 I<target>. See also L</"CONFIGURATION FILES">.
1432 When this option is not given, novaboot tries to determine the target
1433 to use from either B<NOVABOOT_TARGET> environment variable or from
1434 B<$default_target> configuration file variable.
1438 =head2 Script preprocessing phase
1440 This phase allows modifying the parsed novaboot script before it is
1441 used in the later phases.
1445 =item -a, --append=I<parameters>
1447 Append a string to the first C<load> line in the novaboot script. This
1448 can be used to append parameters to the kernel's or root task's
1449 command line. This option can appear multiple times.
1453 Use L<bender|https://github.com/TUD-OS/morbo/blob/master/standalone/bender.c>
1454 chainloader. Bender scans the PCI bus for PCI serial ports and stores
1455 the information about them in the BIOS data area for use by the
1458 =item --chainloader=I<chainloader>
1460 Specifies a chainloader that is loaded before the kernel and other
1461 files specified in the novaboot script. E.g. 'bin/boot/bender
1466 Print the modules to boot and their parameters, after this phase
1467 finishes. Then exit. This is useful for seeing the effect of other
1468 options in this section.
1470 =item -k, --kernel=F<file>
1472 Replace the first word on the first C<load> line in the novaboot
1473 script with F<file>.
1475 =item --scriptmod=I<Perl expression>
1477 When novaboot script is read, I<Perl expression> is executed for every
1478 line (in $_ variable). For example, C<novaboot
1479 --scriptmod=s/sigma0/omega6/g> replaces every occurrence of I<sigma0>
1480 in the script with I<omega6>.
1482 When this option is present, it overrides I<$script_modifier> variable
1483 from the configuration file, which has the same effect. If this option
1484 is given multiple times all expressions are evaluated in the command
1489 =head2 File generation phase
1491 In this phase, files needed for booting are generated in a so-called
1492 I<build directory> (see L</--build-dir>). In most cases configuration
1493 for a bootloader is generated automatically by novaboot. It is also
1494 possible to generate other files using I<heredoc> or I<"<"> syntax in
1495 novaboot scripts. Finally, binaries can be generated in this phases by
1496 running C<scons> or C<make>.
1500 =item --build-dir=I<directory>
1502 Overrides the default build directory location.
1504 The default build directory location is determined as follows: If the
1505 configuration file defines the C<$builddir> variable, its value is
1506 used. Otherwise, it is the directory that contains the first processed
1509 See also L</BUILDDIR> variable.
1511 =item -g, --grub[=I<filename>]
1513 Generates grub bootloader menu file. If the I<filename> is not
1514 specified, F<menu.lst> is used. The I<filename> is relative to the
1515 build directory (see B<--build-dir>).
1517 =item --grub-preamble=I<prefix>
1519 Specifies the I<preamble> that is at the beginning of the generated
1520 GRUB or GRUB2 config files. This is useful for specifying GRUB's
1523 =item --prefix=I<prefix>
1525 Specifies I<prefix> (e.g. F</srv/tftp>) that is put in front of every
1526 filename in generated bootloader configuration files (or in U-Boot
1529 If the I<prefix> contains string $NAME, it will be replaced with the
1530 name of the novaboot script (see also B<--name>).
1532 If the I<prefix> contains string $BUILDDIR, it will be replaced with
1533 the build directory (see also B<--build-dir>).
1537 Alias for B<--prefix>.
1539 =item --grub2[=I<filename>]
1541 Generate GRUB2 menu entry in I<filename>. If I<filename> is not
1542 specified F<grub.cfg> is used. The content of the menu entry can be
1543 customized with B<--grub-preamble>, B<--grub2-prolog> or
1544 B<--grub_prefix> options.
1546 In order to use the generated menu entry on your development
1547 machine that uses GRUB2, append the following snippet to
1548 F</etc/grub.d/40_custom> file and regenerate your grub configuration,
1549 i.e. run update-grub on Debian/Ubuntu.
1551 if [ -f /path/to/nul/build/grub.cfg ]; then
1552 source /path/to/nul/build/grub.cfg
1555 =item --grub2-prolog=I<prolog>
1557 Specifies text that is put at the beginning of the GRUB2 menu entry.
1559 =item -m, --make[=make command]
1561 Runs C<make> to build files that are not generated by novaboot itself.
1563 =item --name=I<string>
1565 Use the name I<string> instead of the name of the novaboot script.
1566 This name is used for things like a title of grub menu or for the
1567 server directory where the boot files are copied to.
1571 Do not run external commands to generate files (i.e. "<" syntax and
1572 C<run> keyword). This switch does not influence generation of files
1573 specified with "<<WORD" syntax.
1575 =item -p, --pulsar[=mac]
1577 Generates pulsar bootloader configuration file named F<config-I<mac>>
1578 The I<mac> string is typically a MAC address and defaults to
1581 =item --scons[=scons command]
1583 Runs C<scons> to build files that are not generated by novaboot
1588 Strip I<rom://> prefix from command lines and generated config files.
1589 The I<rom://> prefix is used by NUL. For NRE, it has to be stripped.
1593 Exit novaboot after file generation phase.
1597 =head2 Target connection check
1599 If supported by the target, the connection to it is made and it is
1600 checked whether the target is not occupied by another novaboot
1605 =item --amt=I<"[user[:password]@]host[:port]>
1607 Use Intel AMT technology to control the target machine. WS management
1608 is used to powercycle it and Serial-Over-Lan (SOL) for input/output.
1609 The hostname or (IP address) is given by the I<host> parameter. If
1610 I<password> is not specified, environment variable AMT_PASSWORD is
1611 used. The I<port> specifies a TCP port for SOL. If not specified, the
1612 default is 16992. Default I<user> is admin.
1614 =item --iprelay=I<addr[:port]>
1616 Use TCP/IP relay and serial port to access the target's serial port
1617 and powercycle it. The IP address of the relay is given by I<addr>
1618 parameter. If I<port> is not specified, it defaults to 23.
1620 Note: This option is supposed to work with HWG-ER02a IP relays.
1622 =item -s, --serial[=device]
1624 Target's serial line is connected to host's serial line (device). The
1625 default value for device is F</dev/ttyUSB0>.
1627 The value of this option is exported in NB_NOVABOOT environment
1628 variable to all subprocesses run by C<novaboot>.
1630 =item --stty=I<settings>
1632 Specifies settings passed to C<stty> invoked on the serial line
1633 specified with B<--serial> option. If this option is not given,
1634 C<stty> is called with C<raw -crtscts -onlcr 115200> settings.
1636 =item --remote-cmd=I<cmd>
1638 Command that mediates connection to the target's serial line. For
1639 example C<ssh server 'cu -l /dev/ttyS0'>.
1641 =item --remote-expect=I<string>
1643 Wait for reception of I<string> after establishing the remote
1646 =item --remote-expect-silent=I<string>
1648 The same as B<--remote-expect> except that the remote output is not
1649 echoed to stdout while waiting for the I<string>. Everything after the
1650 matched string is printed to stdout, so you may want to include line
1651 end characters in the I<string> as well.
1655 =head2 File deployment phase
1657 In some setups, it is necessary to copy the files needed for booting
1658 to a particular location, e.g. to a TFTP boot server or to the
1663 =item -d, --dhcp-tftp
1665 Turns your workstation into a DHCP and TFTP server so that the OS can
1666 be booted via PXE BIOS (or similar mechanism) on the test machine
1667 directly connected by a plain Ethernet cable to your workstation.
1669 The DHCP and TFTP servers require root privileges and C<novaboot>
1670 uses C<sudo> command to obtain those. You can put the following to
1671 I</etc/sudoers> to allow running the necessary commands without asking
1674 Cmnd_Alias NOVABOOT = /bin/ip a add 10.23.23.1/24 dev eth0, /bin/ip l set dev eth0 up, /usr/sbin/dhcpd -d -cf dhcpd.conf -lf dhcpd.leases -pf dhcpd.pid, /usr/sbin/in.tftpd --listen --secure -v -v -v --pidfile tftpd.pid *, /usr/bin/touch dhcpd.leases, /usr/bin/pkill --pidfile=dhcpd.pid, /usr/bin/pkill --pidfile=tftpd.pid
1675 your_login ALL=NOPASSWD: NOVABOOT
1679 Starts a TFTP server on your workstation. This is similar to
1680 B<--dhcp-tftp> except that DHCP server is not started.
1682 The TFTP server requires root privileges and C<novaboot> uses C<sudo>
1683 command to obtain those. You can put the following to I</etc/sudoers>
1684 to allow running the necessary commands without asking for password.
1686 Cmnd_Alias NOVABOOT = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd --listen --secure -v -v -v --pidfile tftpd.pid *, /usr/bin/pkill --pidfile=tftpd.pid
1687 your_login ALL=NOPASSWD: NOVABOOT
1689 =item --tftp-port=I<port>
1691 Port to run the TFTP server on. Implies B<--tftp>.
1693 =item --netif=I<network interface>
1695 Network interface used to deploy files to the target. Default value is
1696 I<eth0>. This influences the configuration of the DHCP server started
1697 by B<--dhcp-tftp> and the value that B<$NB_MYIP> get replaced with during
1698 U-Boot conversation.
1700 =item --iso[=filename]
1702 Generates the ISO image that boots NOVA system via GRUB. If no filename
1703 is given, the image is stored under I<NAME>.iso, where I<NAME> is the name
1704 of the novaboot script (see also B<--name>).
1706 =item --server[=[[user@]server:]path]
1708 Copy all files needed for booting to another location. The files will
1709 be copied (by B<rsync> tool) to the directory I<path>. If the I<path>
1710 contains string $NAME, it will be replaced with the name of the
1711 novaboot script (see also B<--name>).
1713 =item --rsync-flags=I<flags>
1715 Specifies which I<flags> are appended to F<rsync> command line when
1716 copying files as a result of I<--server> option.
1720 If B<--server> is used and its value ends with $NAME, then after
1721 copying the files, a new bootloader configuration file (e.g. menu.lst)
1722 is created at I<path-wo-name>, i.e. the path specified by B<--server>
1723 with $NAME part removed. The content of the file is created by
1724 concatenating all files of the same name from all subdirectories of
1725 I<path-wo-name> found on the "server".
1729 Use Intel AMT technology for IDE redirection. This allows the target
1730 machine to boot from novaboot created ISO image. Implies B<--iso>.
1732 The experimental C<amtider> utility needed by this option can be
1733 obtained from https://github.com/wentasah/amtterm.
1737 =head2 Target power-on and reset phase
1739 At this point, the target is reset (or switched on/off). There are
1740 several ways how this can be accomplished. Resetting a physical target
1741 can currently be accomplished by the following options: B<--amt>,
1742 B<--iprelay>, B<--reset-cmd> and B<--reset-send>.
1748 Switch on/off the target machine and exit. The script (if any) is
1749 completely ignored. Currently, it works only with B<--iprelay> or
1752 =item -Q, --qemu[=I<qemu-binary>]
1754 Boot the configuration in qemu. Optionally, the name of qemu binary
1755 can be specified as a parameter.
1757 =item --qemu-append=I<flags>
1759 Append I<flags> to the default qemu flags (QEMU_FLAGS variable or
1760 C<-cpu coreduo -smp 2>).
1762 =item -q, --qemu-flags=I<flags>
1764 Replace the default qemu flags (QEMU_FLAGS variable or C<-cpu coreduo
1765 -smp 2>) with I<flags> specified here.
1767 =item --reset-cmd=I<cmd>
1769 Command that resets the target.
1771 =item --reset-send=I<string>
1773 Reset the target by sending the given I<string> to the remote serial
1774 line. "\n" sequences are replaced with the newline character.
1776 =item --no-reset, --reset
1778 Disable/enable resetting of the target.
1782 =head2 Interaction with the bootloader on the target
1786 =item --uboot[=I<prompt>]
1788 Interact with U-Boot bootloader to boot the thing described in the
1789 novaboot script. I<prompt> specifies the U-Boot's prompt (default is
1790 "=> ", other common prompts are "U-Boot> " or "U-Boot# ").
1791 Implementation of this option is currently tied to a particular board
1792 that we use. It may be subject to changes in the future!
1796 Disable U-Boot interaction previously enabled with B<--uboot>.
1800 Command(s) to send the U-Boot bootloader before loading the images and
1801 booting them. This option can be given multiple times. After sending
1802 commands from each option novaboot waits for U-Boot I<prompt>.
1804 If the command contains string I<$NB_MYIP> then this string is
1805 replaced by IPv4 address of eth0 interface (see also B<--netif>).
1806 Similarly, I<$NB_PREFIX> is replaced with prefix given by B<--prefix>.
1808 See also C<uboot> keyword in L</"NOVABOOT SCRIPT SYNTAX">).
1810 =item --uboot-addr I<name>=I<address>
1812 Load address of U-Boot's C<tftpboot> command for loading I<name>,
1813 where name is one of I<kernel>, I<ramdisk> or I<fdt> (flattened device
1816 The default addresses are ${I<name>_addr_r}, i.e. U-Boot environment
1817 variables used by convention for this purpose.
1819 =item --uboot-cmd=I<command>
1821 Specifies U-Boot command used to execute the OS. If the command
1822 contains strings C<$kernel_addr>, C<$ramdisk_addr>, C<$fdt_addr>,
1823 these are replaced with the addresses configured with B<--uboot-addr>.
1825 The default value is
1827 bootm $kernel_addr $ramdisk_addr $fdt_addr
1829 or the C<UBOOT_CMD> variable if defined in the novaboot script.
1833 =head2 Target interaction phase
1835 In this phase, target's serial output is redirected to stdout and if
1836 stdin is a TTY, it is redirected to the target's serial input allowing
1837 interactive work with the target.
1841 =item --exiton=I<string>
1843 When the I<string> is sent by the target, novaboot exits. This option can
1844 be specified multiple times, in which case novaboot exits whenever
1845 either of the specified strings is sent.
1847 If the I<string> is C<-re>, then the next B<--exiton>'s I<string> is
1848 treated as a regular expression. For example:
1850 --exiton -re --exiton 'error:.*failed'
1852 =item --exiton-re=I<regex>
1854 The same as --exiton -re --exiton I<regex>.
1856 =item --exiton-timeout=I<seconds>
1858 By default B<--exiton> waits for the string match forever. When this
1859 option is specified, "exiton" timeouts after the specifies the number of
1860 seconds and novaboot returns non-zero exit code.
1862 =item -i, --interactive
1864 Setup things for the interactive use of the target. Your terminal will be
1865 switched to raw mode. In raw mode, your system does not process input
1866 in any way (no echoing of entered characters, no interpretation
1867 special characters). This, among others, means that Ctrl-C is passed
1868 to the target and does no longer interrupt novaboot. Use "~~."
1869 sequence to exit novaboot.
1871 =item --no-interaction, --interaction
1873 Skip resp. force target interaction phase. When skipped, novaboot exits
1874 immediately when boot is initiated.
1876 =item --expect=I<string>
1878 When the I<string> is received from the target, send the string specified
1879 with the subsequent B<--send*> option to the target.
1881 =item --expect-re=I<regex>
1883 When target's output matches regular expression I<regex>, send the
1884 string specified with the subsequent B<--send*> option to the target.
1886 =item --expect-raw=I<perl-code>
1888 Provides direct control over Perl's Expect module.
1890 =item --send=I<string>
1892 Send I<string> to the target after the previously specified
1893 B<--expect*> was matched in the target's output. The I<string> may
1894 contain escape sequences such as "\n".
1896 Note that I<string> is actually interpreted by Perl, so it can contain
1897 much more that escape sequences. This behavior may change in the
1900 Example: C<--expect='login: ' --send='root\n'>
1902 =item --sendcont=I<string>
1904 Similar to B<--send> but continue expecting more input.
1906 Example: C<--expect='Continue?' --sendcont='yes\n'>
1908 =item --final-eol, --no-final-eol
1910 By default, B<novaboot> always prints an end-of-line character at the
1911 end of its execution in order to ensure that the output of programs
1912 started after novaboot appears at the beginning of the line. When this
1913 is not desired B<--no-final-eol> option can be used to override this
1918 =head1 NOVABOOT SCRIPT SYNTAX
1920 The syntax tries to mimic POSIX shell syntax. The syntax is defined
1921 by the following rules.
1923 Lines starting with "#" and empty lines are ignored.
1925 Lines that end with "\" are concatenated with the following line after
1926 removal of the final "\" and leading whitespace of the following line.
1928 Lines of the form I<VARIABLE=...> (i.e. matching '^[A-Z_]+=' regular
1929 expression) assign values to internal variables. See L</VARIABLES>
1932 Otherwise, the first word on the line defines the meaning of the line.
1933 The following keywords are supported:
1939 These lines represent modules to boot. The
1940 word after C<load> is a file name (relative to the build directory
1941 (see B<--build-dir>) of the module to load and the remaining words are
1942 passed to it as the command line parameters.
1944 When the C<load> line ends with "<<WORD" then the subsequent lines
1945 until the line containing solely WORD are copied literally to the file
1946 named on that line. This is similar to shell's heredoc feature.
1948 When the C<load> line ends with "< CMD" then command CMD is executed
1949 with F</bin/sh> and its standard output is stored in the file named on
1950 that line. The SRCDIR variable in CMD's environment is set to the
1951 absolute path of the directory containing the interpreted novaboot
1956 These lines are similar to C<load> lines. The
1957 file mentioned there is copied to the same place as in the case of C<load>
1958 (e.g. tftp server), but the file is not used in the bootloader
1959 configuration. Such a file can be used by the target for other
1960 purposes than booting, e.g. at OS runtime or for firmware update.
1964 Chainload another bootloader. Instead of loading multiboot modules
1965 identified with C<load> keyword, run another bootloader. This is
1966 currently supported only by pulsar and can be used to load e.g. Grub
1967 as in the example below:
1969 chld boot/grub/i386-pc/core.0
1974 Lines starting with C<run> keyword contain shell commands that are run
1975 during file generation phase. This is the same as the "< CMD" syntax
1976 for C<load> keyboard except that the command's output is not
1977 redirected to a file. The ordering of commands is the same as they
1978 appear in the novaboot script.
1982 These lines represent U-Boot commands that are sent to the target if
1983 B<--uboot> option is given. Having a U-Boot line in the novaboot
1984 script is the same as giving B<--uboot-init> option to novaboot. The
1985 following syntax variants are supported:
1988 uboot[:<timeout>] <string> [> <file>]
1989 uboot[:<timeout>] < <shell> [> <file>]
1991 C<string> is the literal U-Boot command.
1993 The C<uboot> keyword can be suffixed with timeout specification. The
1994 syntax is C<uboot:Ns>, where C<N> is the whole number of seconds. If
1995 the U-Boot command prompt does not appear before the timeout, novaboot
1996 fails. The default timeout is 10 seconds.
1998 In the second variant with the C<<> character the shell code is
1999 executed and its standard output is sent to U-Boot. Example:
2001 uboot < printf "mmc write \$loadaddr 1 %x" $(($(/usr/bin/stat -c%s rootfs.ext4) / 512))
2003 When C<E<gt> file> part is present, the output of the U-Boot command
2004 is written into the given file.
2010 #!/usr/bin/env novaboot
2011 load bzImage console=ttyS0,115200
2012 run make -C buildroot
2013 load rootfs.cpio < gen_cpio buildroot/images/rootfs.cpio "myapp->/etc/init.d/S99myapp"
2015 Example (NOVA User Land - NUL):
2017 #!/usr/bin/env novaboot
2018 WVDESC=Example program
2019 load bin/apps/sigma0.nul S0_DEFAULT script_start:1,1 \
2020 verbose hostkeyb:0,0x60,1,12,2
2021 load bin/apps/hello.nul
2022 load hello.nulconfig <<EOF
2023 sigma0::mem:16 name::/s0/log name::/s0/timer name::/s0/fs/rom ||
2024 rom://bin/apps/hello.nul
2027 This example will load three modules: F<sigma0.nul>, F<hello.nul> and
2028 F<hello.nulconfig>. sigma0 receives some command line parameters and
2029 F<hello.nulconfig> file is generated on the fly from the lines between
2030 C<<<EOF> and C<EOF>.
2032 Example (Zynq system update via U-Boot):
2034 #!/usr/bin/env novaboot
2038 # Write kernel to FAT filesystem on the 1st SD card partition
2039 run mkimage -f uboot-image.its image.ub
2041 uboot:60s tftpboot ${loadaddr} $NB_PREFIX/image.ub
2042 uboot fatwrite mmc 0:1 ${loadaddr} image.ub $filesize
2043 uboot set bootargs console=ttyPS0,115200 root=/dev/mmcblk0p2
2045 # Write root FS image to the 2nd SD card partition
2046 copy rootfs/images/rootfs.ext4
2047 uboot:60s tftpboot ${loadaddr} $NB_PREFIX/rootfs/images/rootfs.ext4
2048 uboot mmc part > mmc-part.txt
2049 uboot < printf "mmc write \$loadaddr %x %x" $(awk '{ if ($1 == "2") { print $2 }}' mmc-part.txt) $(($(/usr/bin/stat -L --printf=%s rootfs/images/rootfs.ext4) / 512))
2056 The following variables are interpreted in the novaboot script:
2062 Novaboot chdir()s to this directory before file generation phase. The
2063 directory name specified here is relative to the build directory
2064 specified by other means (see L</--build-dir>).
2068 Assigning this variable has the same effect as specifying L</--exiton>
2071 =item HYPERVISOR_PARAMS
2073 Parameters passed to the hypervisor. The default value is "serial", unless
2074 overridden in the configuration file.
2078 The kernel to use instead of the hypervisor specified in the
2079 configuration file with the C<$hypervisor> variable. The value should
2080 contain the name of the kernel image as well as its command line
2081 parameters. If this variable is defined and non-empty, the variable
2082 HYPERVISOR_PARAMS is not used.
2086 If this variable is 1, the system is not booted. This is currently
2087 only implemented for U-Boot bootloader where it is useful for
2088 interacting with the bootloader without booting the system - e.g. for
2093 Use a specific qemu binary (can be overridden with B<-Q>) and flags
2094 when booting this script under qemu. If QEMU_FLAGS variable is also
2095 specified flags specified in QEMU variable are replaced by those in
2100 Use specific qemu flags (can be overridden with B<-q>).
2104 See L</--uboot-cmd>.
2108 Description of the WvTest-compliant program.
2110 =item WVTEST_TIMEOUT
2112 The timeout in seconds for WvTest harness. If no complete line appears
2113 in the test output within the time specified here, the test fails. It
2114 is necessary to specify this for long running tests that produce no
2115 intermediate output.
2119 =head1 CONFIGURATION FILES
2121 Novaboot can read its configuration from one or more files. By
2122 default, novaboot looks for files in F</etc/novaboot.d>, file
2123 F<~/.config/novaboot> and files named F<.novaboot> as described in
2124 L</Configuration reading phase>. Alternatively, configuration file
2125 location can be specified with the B<-c> switch or with the
2126 NOVABOOT_CONFIG environment variable. The configuration file has Perl
2127 syntax (i.e. it is better to put C<1;> as the last line) and should set
2128 values of certain Perl variables. The current configuration can be
2129 dumped with the B<--dump-config> switch. Some configuration variables
2130 can be overridden by environment variables (see below) or by command
2133 Supported configuration variables include:
2139 Build directory location relative to the location of the configuration
2142 =item $default_target
2144 Default target (see below) to use when no target is explicitly
2145 specified with the B<--target> command line option or
2146 B<NOVABOOT_TARGET> environment variable.
2150 Hash of target definitions to be used with the B<--target> option. The
2151 key is the identifier of the target, the value is the string with
2152 command line options. For instance, if the configuration file contains:
2154 $targets{'mybox'} = '--server=boot:/tftproot --serial=/dev/ttyUSB0 --grub',
2156 then the following two commands are equivalent:
2158 ./myos --server=boot:/tftproot --serial=/dev/ttyUSB0 --grub
2163 =head1 ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
2165 Some options can be specified not only via config file or command line
2166 but also through environment variables. Environment variables override
2167 the values from the configuration file and command line parameters
2168 override the environment variables.
2172 =item NOVABOOT_CONFIG
2174 Name of the novaboot configuration file to use instead of the default
2177 =item NOVABOOT_CONFIG_DIR
2179 Name of the novaboot configuration directory. When not specified
2180 F</etc/novaboot.d> is used.
2182 =item NOVABOOT_TARGET
2184 Name of the novaboot target to use. This overrides the value of
2185 B<$default_target> from the configuration file and can be overridden
2186 with the B<--target> command line option.
2188 =item NOVABOOT_BENDER
2190 Defining this variable has the same effect as using B<--bender>
2197 Michal Sojka <sojka@os.inf.tu-dresden.de>
2199 Latest novaboot version can be found at
2200 L<https://github.com/wentasah/novaboot>.
2204 # LocalWords: novaboot Novaboot NOVABOOT TFTP PXE DHCP filename stty
2205 # LocalWords: chainloader stdout Qemu qemu preprocessing ISOLINUX bootable
2206 # LocalWords: config subprocesses sudo sudoers tftp dhcp IDE stdin
2207 # LocalWords: subdirectories TTY whitespace heredoc POSIX WvTest