3 # This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
4 # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
5 # the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or
6 # (at your option) any later version.
8 # This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
9 # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
10 # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
11 # GNU General Public License for more details.
13 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
14 # along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
20 use warnings (exists $ENV{NOVABOOT_TEST} ? (FATAL => 'all') : ());
21 use Getopt::Long qw(GetOptionsFromString GetOptionsFromArray);
26 use Time::HiRes("usleep");
30 use POSIX qw(:errno_h sysconf);
31 use Cwd qw(getcwd abs_path);
37 my $invocation_dir = $ENV{PWD} || getcwd();
39 ## Configuration file handling
41 # Default configuration
42 $CFG::hypervisor = "";
43 $CFG::hypervisor_params = "serial";
44 $CFG::genisoimage = "genisoimage";
45 $CFG::qemu = 'qemu-system-i386 -cpu coreduo -smp 2';
46 $CFG::default_target = '';
49 "tud" => '--server=erwin.inf.tu-dresden.de:~sojka/boot/novaboot --rsync-flags="--chmod=Dg+s,ug+w,o-w,+rX --rsync-path=\"umask 002 && rsync\"" --grub --grub-prefix=(nd)/tftpboot/sojka/novaboot --grub-preamble="timeout 0" --concat --iprelay=141.76.48.80:2324 --scriptmod=s/\\\\bhostserial\\\\b/hostserialpci/g',
50 "novabox" => '--server=rtime.felk.cvut.cz:/srv/tftp/novaboot --rsync-flags="--chmod=Dg+s,ug+w,o-w,+rX --rsync-path=\"umask 002 && rsync\"" --pulsar --iprelay=147.32.86.92:2324',
51 "localhost" => '--scriptmod=s/console=tty[A-Z0-9,]+// --server=/boot/novaboot/$NAME --grub2 --grub-prefix=/boot/novaboot/$NAME --grub2-prolog=" set root=\'(hd0,msdos1)\'"',
52 "ryu" => '--uboot --uboot-init="mw f0000b00 \${psc_cfg}; sleep 1" --uboot-addr kernel=800000 --uboot-addr ramdisk=b00000 --uboot-addr fdt=7f0000',
53 "ryuglab" => '--target ryu --server=pc-sojkam.felk.cvut.cz:/srv/tftp --remote-cmd="ssh -tt pc-sojkam.felk.cvut.cz \"sterm -d -s 115200 /dev/ttyUSB0\""',
54 "ryulocal" => '--target ryu --dhcp-tftp --serial --reset-cmd="if which dtrrts; then dtrrts $NB_SERIAL 0 1; sleep 0.1; dtrrts $NB_SERIAL 1 1; fi"',
59 $const{linux}->{_SC_NPROCESSORS_CONF} = 83;
60 my $nproc = sysconf($const{$^O}->{_SC_NPROCESSORS_CONF});
62 $CFG::scons = "scons -j$nproc";
63 $CFG::make = "make -j$nproc";
71 package CFG; # Put config data into a separate namespace
77 die("ERROR: Failure compiling '$cfg' - $@");
78 } elsif (! defined($rc)) {
79 die("ERROR: Failure reading '$cfg' - $!");
81 die("ERROR: Failure processing '$cfg'");
84 $builddir = File::Spec->rel2abs($CFG::builddir, dirname($cfg)) if defined $CFG::builddir;
85 print STDERR "novaboot: Read $cfg\n";
90 # We don't use $0 here, because it points to the novaboot itself and
91 # not to the novaboot script. The problem with this approach is that
92 # when a script is run as "novaboot <options> <script>" then $ARGV[0]
93 # contains the first option. Hence the -f check.
94 my $dir = File::Spec->rel2abs($ARGV[0] && -f $ARGV[0] ? dirname($ARGV[0]) : '', $invocation_dir);
95 while ((-d $dir || -l $dir ) && $dir ne "/") {
96 push @cfgs, "$dir/.novaboot" if -r "$dir/.novaboot";
97 my @dirs = File::Spec->splitdir($dir);
98 $dir = File::Spec->catdir(@dirs[0..$#dirs-1]);
100 @cfgs = reverse @cfgs;
102 my $xdg_config_home = $ENV{'XDG_CONFIG_HOME'} || $ENV{'HOME'}.'/.config';
103 unshift(@cfgs, "$xdg_config_home/novaboot") if -r "$xdg_config_home/novaboot";
105 $dir = $ENV{'NOVABOOT_CONFIG_DIR'} || '/etc/novaboot.d';
106 if (opendir(my $dh, $dir)) {
107 my @etccfg = map { "$dir/$_" } grep { /^[-_a-zA-Z0-9]+$/ && -f "$dir/$_" } readdir($dh);
109 @etccfg = sort(@etccfg);
110 @cfgs = ( @etccfg, @cfgs );
113 my $cfg = $ENV{'NOVABOOT_CONFIG'};
114 Getopt::Long::Configure(qw/no_ignore_case pass_through/);
115 GetOptions ("config|c=s" => \$cfg);
116 read_config($_) foreach $cfg or @cfgs;
118 ## Command line handling
120 my $explicit_target = $ENV{'NOVABOOT_TARGET'};
121 GetOptions ("target|t=s" => \$explicit_target);
123 my ($amt, @append, $bender, @chainloaders, $concat, $config_name_opt, $dhcp_tftp, $dump_opt, $dump_config, @exiton, $exiton_timeout, @expect_raw, $final_eol, $gen_only, $grub_config, $grub_prefix, $grub_preamble, $grub2_prolog, $grub2_config, $help, $ider, $interaction, $iprelay, $iso_image, $interactive, $kernel_opt, $make, $man, $no_file_gen, $off_opt, $on_opt, $pulsar, $pulsar_root, $qemu, $qemu_append, $qemu_flags_cmd, $remote_cmd, $remote_expect, $remote_expect_silent, $reset, $reset_cmd, $rom_prefix, $rsync_flags, @scriptmod, $scons, $serial, $server, $stty, $tftp, $tftp_port, $uboot, %uboot_addr, $uboot_cmd, @uboot_init);
125 # Default values of certain command line options
127 'kernel' => '${kernel_addr_r}',
128 'ramdisk' => '${ramdisk_addr_r}',
129 'fdt' => '${fdt_addr_r}',
132 $rom_prefix = 'rom://';
133 $stty = 'raw -crtscts -onlcr 115200';
134 $reset = 1; # Reset target by default
135 $interaction = 1; # Perform target interaction by default
138 my @expect_seen = ();
142 push(@expect_seen, '-re') if $n eq "expect-re";
143 push(@expect_seen, $v);
149 unless (@expect_seen) { die("No --expect before --send"); }
150 my $ret = ($n eq "sendcont") ? exp_continue : 0;
151 unshift(@expect_raw, sub { shift->send(eval("\"$v\"")); $ret; });
152 unshift(@expect_raw, @expect_seen);
159 "append|a=s" => \@append,
160 "bender|b" => \$bender,
161 "build-dir=s" => sub { my ($n, $v) = @_; $builddir = File::Spec->rel2abs($v); },
162 "concat" => \$concat,
163 "chainloader=s" => \@chainloaders,
164 "dhcp-tftp|d" => \$dhcp_tftp,
165 "dump" => \$dump_opt,
166 "dump-config" => \$dump_config,
167 "exiton=s" => \@exiton,
168 "exiton-timeout=i"=> \$exiton_timeout,
169 "exiton-re=s" => sub { my ($n, $v) = @_; push(@exiton, '-re', $v); },
170 "expect=s" => \&handle_expect,
171 "expect-re=s" => \&handle_expect,
172 "expect-raw=s" => sub { my ($n, $v) = @_; unshift(@expect_raw, eval($v)); },
173 "final-eol!" => \$final_eol,
174 "gen-only" => \$gen_only,
175 "grub|g:s" => \$grub_config,
176 "grub-preamble=s"=> \$grub_preamble,
177 "prefix|grub-prefix=s" => \$grub_prefix,
178 "grub2:s" => \$grub2_config,
179 "grub2-prolog=s" => \$grub2_prolog,
181 "interaction!" => \$interaction,
182 "iprelay=s" => \$iprelay,
183 "iso:s" => \$iso_image,
184 "kernel|k=s" => \$kernel_opt,
185 "interactive|i" => \$interactive,
186 "name=s" => \$config_name_opt,
187 "make|m:s" => \$make,
188 "no-file-gen" => \$no_file_gen,
191 "pulsar|p:s" => \$pulsar,
192 "pulsar-root=s" => \$pulsar_root,
193 "qemu|Q:s" => \$qemu,
194 "qemu-append=s" => \$qemu_append,
195 "qemu-flags|q=s" => \$qemu_flags_cmd,
196 "remote-cmd=s" => \$remote_cmd,
197 "remote-expect=s"=> \$remote_expect,
198 "remote-expect-silent=s"=> sub { $remote_expect=$_[1]; $remote_expect_silent=1; },
200 "reset-cmd=s" => \$reset_cmd,
201 "rsync-flags=s" => \$rsync_flags,
202 "scons:s" => \$scons,
203 "scriptmod=s" => \@scriptmod,
204 "send=s" => \&handle_send,
205 "sendcont=s" => \&handle_send,
206 "serial|s:s" => \$serial,
207 "server:s" => \$server,
208 "strip-rom" => sub { $rom_prefix = ''; },
211 "tftp-port=i" => \$tftp_port,
212 "uboot:s" => \$uboot,
213 "no-uboot" => sub { undef $uboot; },
214 "uboot-addr=s" => \%uboot_addr,
215 "uboot-cmd=s" => \$uboot_cmd,
216 "uboot-init=s" => \@uboot_init,
221 # First process target options
223 my $t = defined($explicit_target) ? $explicit_target : $CFG::default_target;
225 Getopt::Long::Configure(qw/no_ignore_case pass_through/);
227 exists $CFG::targets{$t} or die("Unknown target '$t' (valid targets are: ".join(", ", sort keys(%CFG::targets)).")");
229 undef $explicit_target;
230 my ($ret, $remaining_args) = GetOptionsFromString ($CFG::targets{$t}, ("target|t=s" => \$explicit_target));
231 if (!$ret) { die "Error parsing target $t option"; }
232 push(@target_expanded, @$remaining_args);
233 $t = $explicit_target;
235 Getopt::Long::Configure(qw/no_ignore_case no_pass_through/);
236 GetOptionsFromArray(\@target_expanded, %opt_spec) or die ("Error in target definition");
239 # Then process other command line options - some of them may override
240 # what was specified by the target
241 GetOptions %opt_spec or die("Error in command line arguments");
242 pod2usage(1) if $help;
243 pod2usage(-exitstatus => 0, -verbose => 2) if $man;
245 ### Dump sanitized configuration (if requested)
249 $Data::Dumper::Indent=1;
250 print "# This file is in perl syntax.\n";
251 foreach my $key(sort(keys(%CFG::))) { # See "Symbol Tables" in perlmod(1)
252 if (defined ${$CFG::{$key}}) { print Data::Dumper->Dump([${$CFG::{$key}}], ["*$key"]); }
253 if ( @{$CFG::{$key}}) { print Data::Dumper->Dump([\@{$CFG::{$key}}], ["*$key"]); }
254 if ( %{$CFG::{$key}}) { print Data::Dumper->Dump([\%{$CFG::{$key}}], ["*$key"]); }
260 ### Sanitize configuration
262 if ($interactive && !-t STDIN) {
263 die("novaboot: Interactive mode not supported when not on terminal");
266 if (defined $config_name_opt && scalar(@ARGV) > 1) { die "You cannot use --name with multiple scripts"; }
269 $iso_image //= ''; # IDE-R needs an ISO image
270 if (!defined $amt) { die "Error: --ider requires --amt"; }
274 my %input_opts = ('--iprelay' => \$iprelay,
275 '--serial' => \$serial,
276 '--remote-cmd' => \$remote_cmd,
278 my @opts = grep(defined(${$input_opts{$_}}) , keys %input_opts);
280 die("novaboot: More than one target connection option: ".join(', ', @opts)) if scalar @opts > 1;
284 if (defined $serial) {
285 $serial ||= "/dev/ttyUSB0";
286 $ENV{NB_SERIAL} = $serial;
288 if (defined $grub_config) { $grub_config ||= "menu.lst"; }
289 if (defined $grub2_config) { $grub2_config ||= "grub.cfg"; }
291 ## Parse the novaboot script(s)
296 my ($modules, $variables, $generated, $continuation) = ([], {}, []);
297 my $skip_reading = defined($on_opt) || defined($off_opt);
298 while (!$skip_reading && ($_ = <>)) {
299 if ($ARGV ne $last_fn) { # New script
300 die "Missing EOF in $last_fn" if $file;
301 die "Unfinished line in $last_fn" if $continuation;
303 push @scripts, { 'filename' => $ARGV,
304 'modules' => $modules = [],
305 'variables' => $variables = {},
306 'generated' => $generated = []};
310 next if /^#/ || /^\s*$/; # Skip comments and empty lines
312 $_ =~ s/^[[:space:]]*// if ($continuation);
314 if (/\\$/) { # Line continuation
315 $continuation .= substr($_, 0, length($_)-1);
319 if ($continuation) { # Last continuation line
320 $_ = $continuation . $_;
324 foreach my $mod(@scriptmod) { eval $mod; }
326 if ($file && $_ eq $EOF) { # Heredoc end
330 if ($file) { # Heredoc content
331 push @{$file}, "$_\n";
334 if (/^([A-Z_]+)=(.*)$/) { # Internal variable
335 $$variables{$1} = $2;
336 push(@exiton, $2) if ($1 eq "EXITON");
339 if (s/^load *//) { # Load line
340 die("novaboot: '$last_fn' line $.: Missing file name\n") unless /^[^ <]+/;
341 if (/^([^ ]*)(.*?)[[:space:]]*<<([^ ]*)$/) { # Heredoc start
342 push @$modules, "$1$2";
344 push @$generated, {filename => $1, content => $file};
348 if (/^([^ ]*)(.*?)[[:space:]]*< ?(.*)$/) { # Command substitution
349 push @$modules, "$1$2";
350 push @$generated, {filename => $1, command => $3};
356 if (/^run (.*)/) { # run line
357 push @$generated, {command => $1};
360 if (/^uboot(?::([0-9]+)s)? (.*)/) { # uboot line
361 # TODO: If U-Boot supports some interactive menu, it might
362 # make sense to store uboot lines per novaboot script.
363 if ($1) { # Command with explicit timeout
364 push @uboot_init, { command => $2,
366 } else { # Command without explicit timeout
367 push @uboot_init, $2;
372 die("novaboot: Cannot parse script '$last_fn' line $.. Didn't you forget 'load' keyword?\n");
375 # print Dumper(\@scripts);
377 foreach my $script (@scripts) {
378 $modules = $$script{modules};
379 @$modules[0] =~ s/^[^ ]*/$kernel_opt/ if $kernel_opt;
380 @$modules[0] .= ' ' . join(' ', @append) if @append;
383 if (exists $variables->{KERNEL}) {
384 $kernel = $variables->{KERNEL};
386 if ($CFG::hypervisor) {
387 $kernel = $CFG::hypervisor . " ";
388 if (exists $variables->{HYPERVISOR_PARAMS}) {
389 $kernel .= $variables->{HYPERVISOR_PARAMS};
391 $kernel .= $CFG::hypervisor_params;
395 @$modules = ($kernel, @$modules) if $kernel;
396 @$modules = (@chainloaders, @$modules);
397 @$modules = ("bin/boot/bender", @$modules) if ($bender || defined $ENV{'NOVABOOT_BENDER'});
401 foreach my $script (@scripts) {
402 print join("\n", @{$$script{modules}})."\n";
409 sub generate_configs($$$) {
410 my ($base, $generated, $filename) = @_;
411 if ($base) { $base = "$base/"; };
412 foreach my $g(@$generated) {
413 if (exists $$g{content}) {
414 my $config = $$g{content};
415 my $fn = $$g{filename};
416 open(my $f, '>', $fn) || die("$fn: $!");
417 map { s|\brom://([^ ]*)|$rom_prefix$base$1|g; print $f "$_"; } @{$config};
419 print STDERR "novaboot: Created $fn\n";
420 } elsif (exists $$g{command} && ! $no_file_gen) {
421 $ENV{SRCDIR} = dirname(File::Spec->rel2abs( $filename, $invocation_dir ));
422 if (exists $$g{filename}) {
423 system_verbose("( $$g{command} ) > $$g{filename}");
425 system_verbose($$g{command});
431 sub generate_grub_config($$$$;$)
433 my ($filename, $title, $base, $modules_ref, $preamble) = @_;
434 if ($base) { $base = "$base/"; };
435 open(my $fg, '>', $filename) or die "$filename: $!";
436 print $fg "$preamble\n" if $preamble;
437 print $fg "title $title\n" if $title;
438 #print $fg "root $base\n"; # root doesn't really work for (nd)
440 foreach (@$modules_ref) {
443 my ($kbin, $kcmd) = split(' ', $_, 2);
444 $kcmd = '' if !defined $kcmd;
445 print $fg "kernel ${base}$kbin $kcmd\n";
447 s|\brom://([^ ]*)|$rom_prefix$base$1|g; # Translate rom:// files - needed for vdisk parameter of sigma0
448 print $fg "module $base$_\n";
452 print("novaboot: Created $builddir/$filename\n");
456 sub generate_syslinux_config($$$$)
458 my ($filename, $title, $base, $modules_ref) = @_;
459 if ($base && $base !~ /\/$/) { $base = "$base/"; };
460 open(my $fg, '>', $filename) or die "$filename: $!";
461 print $fg "LABEL $title\n";
462 #TODO print $fg "MENU LABEL $human_readable_title\n";
464 my ($kbin, $kcmd) = split(' ', @$modules_ref[0], 2);
466 if (system("file $kbin|grep 'Linux kernel'") == 0) {
467 my $initrd = @$modules_ref[1];
468 die('To many "load" lines for Linux kernel') if (scalar @$modules_ref > 2);
469 print $fg "LINUX $base$kbin\n";
470 print $fg "APPEND $kcmd\n";
471 print $fg "INITRD $base$initrd\n";
473 print $fg "KERNEL mboot.c32\n";
475 foreach (@$modules_ref) {
476 s|\brom://([^ ]*)|$rom_prefix$base$1|g; # Translate rom:// files - needed for vdisk parameter of sigma0
477 push @append, "$base$_";
478 print $fg "APPEND ".join(' --- ', @append)."\n";
481 #TODO print $fg "TEXT HELP\n";
482 #TODO print $fg "some help here\n";
483 #TODO print $fg "ENDTEXT\n";
485 print("novaboot: Created $builddir/$filename\n");
489 sub generate_grub2_config($$$$;$$)
491 my ($filename, $title, $base, $modules_ref, $preamble, $prolog) = @_;
492 if ($base && substr($base,-1,1) ne '/') { $base = "$base/"; };
493 open(my $fg, '>', $filename) or die "$filename: $!";
494 print $fg "$preamble\n" if $preamble;
495 $title ||= 'novaboot';
496 print $fg "menuentry $title {\n";
497 print $fg "$prolog\n" if $prolog;
499 foreach (@$modules_ref) {
502 my ($kbin, $kcmd) = split(' ', $_, 2);
503 $kcmd = '' if !defined $kcmd;
504 print $fg " multiboot ${base}$kbin $kcmd\n";
507 # GRUB2 doesn't pass filename in multiboot info so we have to duplicate it here
508 $_ = join(' ', ($args[0], @args));
509 s|\brom://|$rom_prefix|g; # We do not need to translate path for GRUB2
510 print $fg " module $base$_\n";
515 print("novaboot: Created $builddir/$filename\n");
519 sub generate_pulsar_config($$)
521 my ($filename, $modules_ref) = @_;
522 open(my $fg, '>', $filename) or die "$filename: $!";
523 print $fg "root $pulsar_root\n" if defined $pulsar_root;
526 foreach (@$modules_ref) {
529 ($kbin, $kcmd) = split(' ', $_, 2);
530 $kcmd = '' if !defined $kcmd;
533 s|\brom://|$rom_prefix|g;
534 print $fg "load $_\n";
537 # Put kernel as last - this is needed for booting Linux and has no influence on non-Linux OSes
538 print $fg "exec $kbin $kcmd\n";
540 print("novaboot: Created $builddir/$filename\n");
544 sub shell_cmd_string(@)
546 return join(' ', map((/^[-_=a-zA-Z0-9\/\.\+]+$/ ? "$_" : "'$_'"), @_));
551 print STDERR "novaboot: Running: ".shell_cmd_string(@_)."\n";
553 exit(1); # should not be reached
556 sub system_verbose($)
559 print STDERR "novaboot: Running: $cmd\n";
560 my $ret = system($cmd);
561 if ($ret & 0x007f) { die("Command terminated by a signal"); }
562 if ($ret & 0xff00) {die("Command exit with non-zero exit code"); }
563 if ($ret) { die("Command failure $ret"); }
568 $str =~ s/^\s+|\s+$//g;
574 if (exists $variables->{WVDESC}) {
575 print STDERR "Testing \"$variables->{WVDESC}\" in $last_fn:\n";
576 } elsif ($last_fn =~ /\.wv$/) {
577 print STDERR "Testing \"all\" in $last_fn:\n";
580 ## Connect to the target and check whether it is not occupied
582 # We have to do this before file generation phase, because file
583 # generation is intermixed with file deployment phase and we want to
584 # check whether the target is not used by somebody else before
585 # deploying files. Otherwise, we may rewrite other user's files on a
588 my $exp; # Expect object to communicate with the target over serial line
590 my ($target_reset, $target_power_on, $target_power_off);
591 my ($amt_user, $amt_password, $amt_host, $amt_port);
593 if (defined $iprelay) {
595 $iprelay =~ /([.0-9]+)(:([0-9]+))?/;
598 my $paddr = sockaddr_in($port, inet_aton($addr));
599 my $proto = getprotobyname('tcp');
600 socket($IPRELAY, PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, $proto) || die "socket: $!";
601 print STDERR "novaboot: Connecting to IP relay... ";
602 connect($IPRELAY, $paddr) || die "connect: $!";
603 print STDERR "done\n";
604 $exp = Expect->init(\*$IPRELAY);
608 print $exp "\xFF\xF6"; # AYT
609 my $connected = $exp->expect(20, # Timeout in seconds
610 '<iprelayd: connected>',
611 '-re', '<WEB51 HW[^>]*>');
616 my ($relay, $onoff) = @_;
617 die unless ($relay == 1 || $relay == 2);
619 my $cmd = ($relay == 1 ? 0x5 : 0x6) | ($onoff ? 0x20 : 0x10);
620 return "\xFF\xFA\x2C\x32".chr($cmd)."\xFF\xF0";
624 my ($relay, $onoff) = @_;
625 die unless ($relay == 1 || $relay == 2);
626 my $cmd = ($relay == 1 ? 0xdf : 0xbf) | ($onoff ? 0x00 : 0xff);
627 return "\xFF\xFA\x2C\x97".chr($cmd)."\xFF\xF0";
631 my ($relay, $onoff, $can_giveup) = @_;
632 my $confirmation = '';
634 print $exp relaycmd($relay, $onoff);
635 my $confirmed = $exp->expect(20, # Timeout in seconds
636 relayconf($relay, $onoff));
639 print("Relay confirmation timeout - ignoring\n");
641 die "Relay confirmation timeout";
647 $target_reset = sub {
648 relay(2, 1, 1); # Reset the machine
653 $target_power_off = sub {
654 relay(1, 1); # Press power button
655 usleep(6000000); # Long press to switch off
659 $target_power_on = sub {
660 relay(1, 1); # Press power button
661 usleep(100000); # Short press
667 system_verbose("stty -F $serial $stty");
668 open($CONN, "+<", $serial) || die "open $serial: $!";
669 $exp = Expect->init(\*$CONN);
671 elsif ($remote_cmd) {
672 print STDERR "novaboot: Running: $remote_cmd\n";
673 $exp = Expect->spawn($remote_cmd);
675 elsif (defined $amt) {
676 require LWP::UserAgent;
677 require LWP::Authen::Digest;
680 my ($host, $username, $password, $schema, $className, $pstate) = @_;
681 #AMT numbers for PowerStateChange (MNI => bluescreen on windows;-)
682 my %pstates = ("on" => 2,
689 <s:Envelope xmlns:s="http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope" xmlns:a="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2004/08/addressing" xmlns:w="http://schemas.dmtf.org/wbem/wsman/1/wsman.xsd">
690 <s:Header><a:To>http://$host:16992/wsman</a:To>
691 <w:ResourceURI s:mustUnderstand="true">$schema</w:ResourceURI>
692 <a:ReplyTo><a:Address s:mustUnderstand="true">http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2004/08/addressing/role/anonymous</a:Address></a:ReplyTo>
693 <a:Action s:mustUnderstand="true">$schema$className</a:Action>
694 <w:MaxEnvelopeSize s:mustUnderstand="true">153600</w:MaxEnvelopeSize>
695 <a:MessageID>uuid:709072C9-609C-4B43-B301-075004043C7C</a:MessageID>
696 <w:Locale xml:lang="en-US" s:mustUnderstand="false" />
697 <w:OperationTimeout>PT60.000S</w:OperationTimeout>
698 <w:SelectorSet><w:Selector Name="Name">Intel(r) AMT Power Management Service</w:Selector></w:SelectorSet>
700 <p:RequestPowerStateChange_INPUT xmlns:p="http://schemas.dmtf.org/wbem/wscim/1/cim-schema/2/CIM_PowerManagementService">
701 <p:PowerState>$pstates{$pstate}</p:PowerState>
702 <p:ManagedElement><a:Address>http://$host:16992/wsman</a:Address>
703 <a:ReferenceParameters><w:ResourceURI>http://schemas.dmtf.org/wbem/wscim/1/cim-schema/2/CIM_ComputerSystem</w:ResourceURI>
704 <w:SelectorSet><w:Selector Name="Name">ManagedSystem</w:Selector></w:SelectorSet>
705 </a:ReferenceParameters></p:ManagedElement>
706 </p:RequestPowerStateChange_INPUT>
707 </s:Body></s:Envelope>
712 my ($host, $username, $password, $content) = @_;
714 my $ua = LWP::UserAgent->new();
715 $ua->agent("novaboot");
717 my $req = HTTP::Request->new(POST => "http://$host:16992/wsman");
718 my $res = $ua->request($req);
719 die ("Unexpected AMT response: " . $res->status_line) unless $res->code == 401;
721 my ($realm) = $res->header("WWW-Authenticate") =~ /Digest realm="(.*?)"/;
722 $ua->credentials("$host:16992", $realm, $username => $password);
725 $req = HTTP::Request->new(POST => "http://$host:16992/wsman");
726 $req->content_type('application/x-www-form-urlencoded');
727 $req->content($content);
728 $res = $ua->request($req);
729 die ("AMT power change request failed: " . $res->status_line) unless $res->is_success;
730 $res->content() =~ /<g:ReturnValue>(\d+)<\/g:ReturnValue>/;
735 my ($host, $username, $password, $pstate)=@_;
736 my $schema="http://schemas.dmtf.org/wbem/wscim/1/cim-schema/2/CIM_PowerManagementService";
737 my $className="/RequestPowerStateChange";
738 my $content = genXML($host, $username, $password ,$schema, $className, $pstate);
739 return sendPOST($host, $username, $password, $content);
742 ($amt_user,$amt_password,$amt_host,$amt_port) = ($amt =~ /(?:(.*?)(?::(.*))?@)?([^:]*)(?::([0-9]*))?/);;
743 $amt_user ||= "admin";
744 $amt_password ||= $ENV{'AMT_PASSWORD'} || die "AMT password not specified";
745 $amt_host || die "AMT host not specified";
749 $target_power_off = sub {
751 my $result = powerChange($amt_host,$amt_user,$amt_password, "off");
752 die "AMT power off failed (ReturnValue $result)" if $result != 0;
755 $target_power_on = sub {
756 my $result = powerChange($amt_host,$amt_user,$amt_password, "on");
757 die "AMT power on failed (ReturnValue $result)" if $result != 0;
760 $target_reset = sub {
761 my $result = powerChange($amt_host,$amt_user,$amt_password, "reset");
763 print STDERR "Warning: Cannot reset $amt_host, trying power on. ";
764 $result = powerChange($amt_host,$amt_user,$amt_password, "on");
766 die "AMT reset failed (ReturnValue $result)" if $result != 0;
769 my $cmd = "amtterm -u $amt_user -p $amt_password $amt_host $amt_port";
770 print STDERR "novaboot: Running: $cmd\n" =~ s/\Q$amt_password\E/???/r;
771 $exp = Expect->spawn($cmd);
772 $exp->expect(10, "RUN_SOL") || die "Expect for 'RUN_SOL' timed out";
777 if ($remote_expect) {
778 $exp || die("No serial line connection");
779 my $log = $exp->log_stdout;
780 if (defined $remote_expect_silent) {
783 $exp->expect(180, $remote_expect) || die "Expect for '$remote_expect' timed out";
784 if (defined $remote_expect_silent) {
785 $exp->log_stdout($log);
786 print $exp->after() if $log;
790 if (defined $reset_cmd) {
791 $target_reset = sub {
792 system_verbose($reset_cmd);
796 if (defined $on_opt && defined $target_power_on) {
800 if (defined $off_opt && defined $target_power_off) {
801 print STDERR "novaboot: Switching the target off...\n";
802 &$target_power_off();
806 $builddir ||= dirname(File::Spec->rel2abs( ${$scripts[0]}{filename})) if scalar @scripts;
807 if (defined $builddir) {
808 chdir($builddir) or die "Can't change directory to $builddir: $!";
809 print STDERR "novaboot: Entering directory `$builddir'\n";
811 $builddir = $invocation_dir;
814 ## File generation phase
815 my (%files_iso, $menu_iso, $filename);
816 my $config_name = '';
819 foreach my $script (@scripts) {
820 $filename = $$script{filename};
821 $modules = $$script{modules};
822 $generated = $$script{generated};
823 $variables = $$script{variables};
825 ($config_name = $filename) =~ s#.*/##;
826 $config_name = $config_name_opt if (defined $config_name_opt);
828 if (exists $variables->{BUILDDIR}) {
829 $builddir = File::Spec->rel2abs($variables->{BUILDDIR});
830 chdir($builddir) or die "Can't change directory to $builddir: $!";
831 print STDERR "novaboot: Entering directory `$builddir'\n";
835 $prefix = $grub_prefix;
836 $prefix =~ s/\$NAME/$config_name/;
837 $prefix =~ s/\$BUILDDIR/$builddir/;
839 # TODO: use $grub_prefix as first parameter if some switch is given
840 generate_configs('', $generated, $filename);
842 ### Generate bootloader configuration files
843 my @bootloader_configs;
844 push @bootloader_configs, generate_grub_config($grub_config, $config_name, $prefix, $modules, $grub_preamble) if (defined $grub_config);
845 push @bootloader_configs, generate_grub2_config($grub2_config, $config_name, $prefix, $modules, $grub_preamble, $grub2_prolog) if (defined $grub2_config);
846 push @bootloader_configs, generate_pulsar_config('config-'.($pulsar||'novaboot'), $modules) if (defined $pulsar);
848 ### Run scons or make
850 my @files = map({ ($file) = m/([^ ]*)/; $file; } @$modules);
851 # Filter-out generated files
852 my @to_build = grep({ my $file = $_; !scalar(grep($file eq ($$_{filename} || ''), @$generated)) } @files);
854 system_verbose($scons || $CFG::scons." ".join(" ", @to_build)) if (defined $scons);
855 system_verbose($make || $CFG::make ." ".join(" ", @to_build)) if (defined $make);
858 ### Copy files (using rsync)
859 if (defined $server && !defined($gen_only)) {
860 (my $real_server = $server) =~ s/\$NAME/$config_name/;
862 my ($hostname, $path) = split(":", $real_server, 2);
863 if (! defined $path) {
867 my $files = join(" ", map({ ($file) = m/([^ ]*)/; $file; } ( @$modules, @bootloader_configs)));
868 map({ my $file = (split)[0]; die "$file: $!" if ! -f $file; } @$modules);
869 my $istty = -t STDOUT && ($ENV{'TERM'} || 'dumb') ne 'dumb';
870 my $progress = $istty ? "--progress" : "";
871 system_verbose("rsync $progress -RLp $rsync_flags $files $real_server");
872 if ($server =~ m|/\$NAME$| && $concat) {
873 my $cmd = join("; ", map { "( cd $path/.. && cat */$_ > $_ )" } @bootloader_configs);
874 system_verbose($hostname ? "ssh $hostname '$cmd'" : $cmd);
878 ### Prepare ISO image generation
879 if (defined $iso_image) {
880 generate_configs("(cd)", $generated, $filename);
882 generate_syslinux_config(\$menu, $config_name, "/", $modules);
883 $menu_iso .= "$menu\n";
884 map { ($file,undef) = split; $files_iso{$file} = 1; } @$modules;
888 ## Generate ISO image
889 if (defined $iso_image) {
890 system_verbose("mkdir -p isolinux");
893 if (-f '/usr/lib/ISOLINUX/isolinux.bin') {
894 # Newer ISOLINUX version
895 @files = qw(/usr/lib/ISOLINUX/isolinux.bin /usr/lib/syslinux/modules/bios/mboot.c32 /usr/lib/syslinux/modules/bios/libcom32.c32 /usr/lib/syslinux/modules/bios/menu.c32 /usr/lib/syslinux/modules/bios/ldlinux.c32);
897 # Older ISOLINUX version
898 @files = qw(/usr/lib/syslinux/isolinux.bin /usr/lib/syslinux/mboot.c32 /usr/lib/syslinux/menu.c32);
900 system_verbose("cp @files isolinux");
901 open(my $fh, ">isolinux/isolinux.cfg");
903 print $fh "TIMEOUT 50\n";
904 print $fh "DEFAULT menu\n";
906 print $fh "DEFAULT $config_name\n";
908 print $fh "$menu_iso";
911 my $files = join(" ", map("$_=$_", (keys(%files_iso), 'isolinux/isolinux.cfg', map(s|.*/|isolinux/|r, @files))));
912 $iso_image ||= "$config_name.iso";
914 # Note: We use -U flag below to "Allow 'untranslated' filenames,
915 # completely violating the ISO9660 standards". Without this
916 # option, isolinux is not able to read files names for example
918 system_verbose("$CFG::genisoimage -R -b isolinux/isolinux.bin -c isolinux/boot.cat -no-emul-boot -boot-load-size 4 -boot-info-table -hide-rr-moved -U -o $iso_image -graft-points $files");
919 print("ISO image created: $builddir/$iso_image\n");
922 exit(0) if defined $gen_only;
924 ## Boot the system using various methods and send serial output to stdout
926 if (scalar(@scripts) > 1 && ( defined $dhcp_tftp || defined $serial || defined $iprelay)) {
927 die "You cannot do this with multiple scripts simultaneously";
930 if ($variables->{WVTEST_TIMEOUT}) {
931 print STDERR "wvtest: timeout ", $variables->{WVTEST_TIMEOUT}, "\n";
938 $qemu ||= $variables->{QEMU} || $CFG::qemu;
939 my @qemu_flags = split(" ", $qemu);
940 $qemu = shift(@qemu_flags);
942 @qemu_flags = split(/ +/, trim($variables->{QEMU_FLAGS})) if exists $variables->{QEMU_FLAGS};
943 @qemu_flags = split(/ +/, trim($qemu_flags_cmd)) if $qemu_flags_cmd;
944 push(@qemu_flags, split(/ +/, trim($qemu_append || '')));
946 if (defined $iso_image) {
947 # Boot NOVA with grub (and test the iso image)
948 push(@qemu_flags, ('-cdrom', $iso_image));
950 # Boot NOVA without GRUB
952 # Non-patched qemu doesn't like commas, but NUL can live with pluses instead of commans
953 foreach (@$modules) {s/,/+/g;}
954 generate_configs("", $generated, $filename);
956 if (scalar @$modules) {
957 my ($kbin, $kcmd) = split(' ', shift(@$modules), 2);
958 $kcmd = '' if !defined $kcmd;
960 @$modules = map { if (/\.dtb$/) { $dtb=$_; (); } else { $_ } } @$modules;
961 my $initrd = join ",", @$modules;
963 push(@qemu_flags, ('-kernel', $kbin, '-append', $kcmd));
964 push(@qemu_flags, ('-initrd', $initrd)) if $initrd;
965 push(@qemu_flags, ('-dtb', $dtb)) if $dtb;
968 push(@qemu_flags, qw(-serial stdio)); # Redirect serial output (for collecting test restuls)
969 unshift(@qemu_flags, ('-name', $config_name));
970 print STDERR "novaboot: Running: ".shell_cmd_string($qemu, @qemu_flags)."\n";
971 $exp = Expect->spawn(($qemu, @qemu_flags)) || die("exec() failed: $!");
974 ### Local DHCPD and TFTPD
976 my ($dhcpd_pid, $tftpd_pid);
978 $tftp=1 if $tftp_port;
980 if (defined $dhcp_tftp)
982 generate_configs("(nd)", $generated, $filename);
983 system_verbose('mkdir -p tftpboot');
984 generate_grub_config("tftpboot/os-menu.lst", $config_name, "(nd)", \@$modules, "timeout 0");
985 open(my $fh, '>', 'dhcpd.conf');
986 my $mac = `cat /sys/class/net/eth0/address`;
988 print $fh "subnet 10.23.23.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
989 range 10.23.23.10 10.23.23.100;
990 filename \"bin/boot/grub/pxegrub.pxe\";
991 next-server 10.23.23.1;
994 hardware ethernet $mac;
995 fixed-address 10.23.23.1;
998 system_verbose("sudo ip a add 10.23.23.1/24 dev eth0;
999 sudo ip l set dev eth0 up;
1000 sudo touch dhcpd.leases");
1002 # We run servers by forking ourselves, because the servers end up
1003 # in our process group and get killed by signals sent to the
1004 # process group (e.g. Ctrl-C on terminal).
1005 $dhcpd_pid = fork();
1006 exec_verbose("sudo dhcpd -d -cf dhcpd.conf -lf dhcpd.leases -pf dhcpd.pid") if ($dhcpd_pid == 0);
1009 if (defined $dhcp_tftp || defined $tftp) {
1011 # Unfortunately, tftpd requires root privileges even with
1012 # non-privileged (>1023) port due to initgroups().
1013 system_verbose("sudo in.tftpd --listen --secure -v -v -v --pidfile tftpd.pid --address :$tftp_port $builddir");
1015 # Kill server when we die
1016 $SIG{__DIE__} = sub { system_verbose('sudo pkill --pidfile=dhcpd.pid') if (defined $dhcp_tftp);
1017 system_verbose('sudo pkill --pidfile=tftpd.pid'); };
1019 # We have to kill tftpd explicitely, because it is not in our process group
1020 $SIG{INT} = sub { system_verbose('sudo pkill --pidfile=tftpd.pid'); exit(0); };
1024 if (defined $ider) {
1025 my $ider_cmd= "amtider -c $iso_image -u $amt_user -p $amt_password $amt_host $amt_port" ;
1026 print STDERR "novaboot: Running: $ider_cmd\n" =~ s/\Q$amt_password\E/???/r;
1027 my $ider_pid = fork();
1028 if ($ider_pid == 0) {
1030 die "IDE redirection failed";
1032 # FIXME: This collides with --tftp option. Hopefully, nobody needs
1033 # to use both simultaneously.
1034 $SIG{__DIE__} = sub { system_verbose('kill $ider_pid'); };
1037 ### Reset target (IP relay, AMT, ...)
1039 if (defined $target_reset && $reset) {
1040 print STDERR "novaboot: Reseting the test box... ";
1042 print STDERR "done\n";
1044 # We don't want to output anything printed by the target
1045 # before reset so we clear the buffers now. This is, however,
1046 # not ideal because we may loose some data that were sent
1047 # after the reset. If this is a problem, one should reset and
1048 # connect to serial line in atomic manner. For example, if
1049 # supported by hardware, use --remote-cmd 'sterm -d ...' and
1050 # do not use separate --reset-cmd.
1051 my $log = $exp->log_stdout;
1052 $exp->log_stdout(0);
1053 $exp->expect(0); # Read data from target
1054 $exp->clear_accum(); # Clear the read data
1055 $exp->log_stdout($log);
1059 ### U-boot conversation
1060 if (defined $uboot) {
1061 my $uboot_prompt = $uboot || '=> ';
1062 print STDERR "novaboot: Waiting for U-Boot prompt...\n";
1063 $exp || die("No serial line connection");
1064 $exp->log_stdout(1);
1065 #$exp->exp_internal(1);
1067 [qr/Hit any key to stop autoboot:/, sub { $exp->send("\n"); exp_continue; }],
1068 $uboot_prompt) || die "No U-Boot prompt deteceted";
1069 foreach my $cmdspec (@uboot_init) {
1070 my ($cmd, $timeout);
1071 if (ref($cmdspec) eq "HASH") {
1072 $cmd = $cmdspec->{command};
1073 $timeout = $cmdspec->{timeout};
1078 if ($cmd =~ /\$NB_MYIP/) {
1079 my $ip = (grep /inet /, `ip addr show eth0`)[0] || die "Problem determining our IP address";
1080 $ip =~ s/\s*inet ([0-9.]*).*/$1/;
1081 $cmd =~ s/\$NB_MYIP/$ip/g;
1083 if ($cmd =~ /\$NB_PREFIX/) {
1086 $cmd =~ s/\$NB_PREFIX/$p/g;
1089 $exp->send("$cmd\n");
1090 $exp->expect($timeout, $uboot_prompt) || die "U-Boot prompt timeout";
1093 # Boot the system if there are some load lines in the script
1094 if ((scalar(@$modules) > 0 && !$variables->{NO_BOOT}) ||
1095 defined $uboot_cmd) {
1096 my ($kbin, $kcmd) = split(' ', shift(@$modules), 2);
1098 @$modules = map { if (/\.dtb$/) { $dtb=$_; (); } else { $_ } } @$modules;
1099 my $initrd = shift @$modules;
1101 if (defined $kbin) {
1102 die "No '--uboot-addr kernel' given" unless $uboot_addr{kernel};
1103 $exp->send("tftpboot $uboot_addr{kernel} $prefix$kbin\n");
1105 [qr/##/, sub { exp_continue; }],
1106 $uboot_prompt) || die "Kernel load timeout";
1109 die "No '--uboot-addr fdt' given" unless $uboot_addr{fdt};
1110 $exp->send("tftpboot $uboot_addr{fdt} $prefix$dtb\n");
1112 [qr/##/, sub { exp_continue; }],
1113 $uboot_prompt) || die "Device tree load timeout";
1115 if (defined $initrd) {
1116 die "No '--uboot-addr ramdisk' given" unless $uboot_addr{ramdisk};
1117 $exp->send("tftpboot $uboot_addr{ramdisk} $prefix$initrd\n");
1119 [qr/##/, sub { exp_continue; }],
1120 $uboot_prompt) || die "Initrd load timeout";
1122 $uboot_addr{ramdisk} = '-';
1126 $exp->send("setenv bootargs $kcmd\n");
1127 $exp->expect(5, $uboot_prompt) || die "U-Boot prompt timeout";
1129 $uboot_cmd //= $variables->{UBOOT_CMD} // 'bootm $kernel_addr $ramdisk_addr $fdt_addr';
1130 $uboot_cmd =~ s/\$kernel_addr/$uboot_addr{kernel}/g;
1131 $uboot_cmd =~ s/\$ramdisk_addr/$uboot_addr{ramdisk}/g;
1132 $uboot_cmd =~ s/\$fdt_addr/$uboot_addr{fdt}/g;
1134 $exp->send($uboot_cmd . "\n");
1135 $exp->expect(5, "\n") || die "U-Boot command timeout";
1139 ### Serial line interaction
1140 if ($interaction && defined $exp) {
1141 # Serial line of the target is available
1142 my $interrupt = 'Ctrl-C';
1143 if ($interactive && !@exiton) {
1144 $interrupt = '"~~."';
1146 print STDERR "novaboot: Serial line interaction (press $interrupt to interrupt)...\n";
1147 $exp->log_stdout(1);
1149 $exp->expect($exiton_timeout, @expect_raw, @exiton) || die("exiton timeout");
1151 my @inputs = ($exp);
1152 my $infile = new IO::File;
1153 $infile->IO::File::fdopen(*STDIN,'r');
1154 my $in_object = Expect->exp_init($infile);
1155 $in_object->set_group($exp);
1158 $in_object->set_seq('~~\.', sub { print STDERR "novaboot: Escape sequence detected\r\n"; undef; });
1159 $in_object->manual_stty(0); # Use raw terminal mode
1161 $in_object->manual_stty(1); # Do not modify terminal settings
1163 push(@inputs, $in_object);
1165 #print Dumper(\@expect_raw);
1166 $exp->expect(undef, @expect_raw) if @expect_raw;
1167 Expect::interconnect(@inputs) unless defined($exp->exitstatus);
1171 ## Kill dhcpc or tftpd
1172 if (defined $dhcp_tftp || defined $tftp) {
1173 die("novaboot: This should kill servers on background\n");
1176 # Always finish novaboot output with newline
1177 print "\n" if $final_eol;
1183 novaboot - Boots a locally compiled operating system on a remote
1190 B<novaboot> [option]... [--] script...
1192 B<./script> [option]...
1196 This program makes booting of a locally compiled operating system (OS)
1197 (e.g. NOVA or Linux) on remote targets as simple as running a program
1198 locally. It automates things like copying OS images to a TFTP server,
1199 generation of bootloader configuration files, resetting of target
1200 hardware or redirection of target's serial line to stdin/out. Novaboot
1201 is highly configurable and it makes it easy to boot a single image on
1202 different targets or different images on a single target.
1204 Novaboot operation is controlled by command line options and by a so
1205 called novaboot script, which can be thought as a generalization of
1206 bootloader configuration files (see L</"NOVABOOT SCRIPT SYNTAX">).
1207 Typical way of using novaboot is to make the novaboot script
1208 executable and set its first line to I<#!/usr/bin/env novaboot>. Then,
1209 booting a particular OS configuration becomes the same as executing a
1210 local program - the novaboot script.
1212 Novaboot uses configuration files to, among other things, define
1213 command line options needed for different targets. Users typically use
1214 only the B<-t>/B<--target> command line option to select the target.
1215 Internally, this option expands to the pre-configured options.
1216 Configuration files are searched at multiple places, which allows to
1217 have per-system, per-user or per-project configurations. Configuration
1218 file syntax is described in section L</"CONFIGURATION FILES">.
1220 Simple examples of using C<novaboot>:
1226 Run an OS in Qemu. This is can be specified with the B<--qemu> option.
1227 Thus running C<novaboot --qemu myos> (or C<./myos --qemu> as described
1228 above) will run Qemu and make it boot the configuration specified in
1233 Create a bootloader configuration file (currently supported
1234 bootloaders are GRUB, GRUB2, ISOLINUX, Pulsar and U-Boot) and copy it
1235 with all other files needed for booting to a remote boot server. Then
1236 use a TCP/IP-controlled relay/serial-to-TCP converter to reset the
1237 target and receive its serial output.
1239 ./myos --grub2 --server=192.168.1.1:/tftp --iprelay=192.168.1.2
1243 Run DHCP and TFTP server on developer's machine to boot the target
1248 This is useful when no network infrastructure is in place and
1249 the target is connected directly to developer's box.
1253 Create bootable ISO image.
1255 novaboot --iso -- script1 script2
1257 The created ISO image will have ISOLINUX bootloader installed on it
1258 and the boot menu will allow selecting between I<script1> and
1259 I<script2> configurations.
1263 =head1 PHASES AND OPTIONS
1265 Novaboot performs its work in several phases. Each phase can be
1266 influenced by several command line options, certain phases can be
1267 skipped. The list of phases (in the execution order) is as follows.
1271 =item 1. L<Configuration reading|/Configuration reading phase>
1273 =item 2. L<Command line processing|/Command line processing phase>
1275 =item 3. L<Script preprocessing|/Script preprocessing phase>
1277 =item 4. L<File generation|/File generation phase>
1279 =item 5. L<Target connection|/Target connection check>
1281 =item 6. L<File deployment|/File deployment phase>
1283 =item 7. L<Target power-on and reset|/Target power-on and reset phase>
1285 =item 8. L<Interaction with the bootloader|/Interaction with the bootloader on the target>
1287 =item 9. L<Target interaction|/Target interaction phase>
1291 Each phase is described in the following sections together with the
1292 command line options that control it.
1294 =head2 Configuration reading phase
1296 After starting, novaboot reads configuration files. Their content is
1297 described in section L</"CONFIGURATION FILES">. By default,
1298 configuration is read from multiple locations. First from the system
1299 configuration directory (F</etc/novaboot.d/>), second from the user
1300 configuration file (F<~/.config/novaboot>) and third from F<.novaboot>
1301 files along the path to the current directory. Alternatively, a single
1302 configuration file specified with the B<-c> switch or with the
1303 C<NOVABOOT_CONFIG> environment variable is read. The latter read files
1304 override settings from the former ones.
1306 The system configuration directory is determined by the content of
1307 NOVABOOT_CONFIG_DIR environment variable and defaults to
1308 F</etc/novaboot.d>. Files in this directory with names consisting
1309 solely of English letters, numbers, dashes '-' and underscores '_'
1310 (note that dot '.' is not included) are read in alphabetical order.
1312 Then, the user configuration file is read from
1313 F<$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/novaboot>. If C<$XDG_CONFIG_HOME> environemnt
1314 variable is not set F<~/.config/novaboot> is read instead.
1316 Finally, novaboot searches for files named F<.novaboot> starting from the
1317 directory of the novaboot script (or working directory, see bellow)
1318 and continuing upwards up to the root directory. The found
1319 configuration files are then read in the opposite order (i.e. from the
1320 root directory downwards). This allows to have, for example, a project
1321 specific configuration in F<~/project/.novaboot>.
1323 Note the difference between F<~/.config/novaboot> and F<~/.novaboot>.
1324 The former one is read always, whereas the latter only when novaboot
1325 script or working directory is under the C<$HOME> directory.
1327 In certain cases, the location of the novaboot script cannot be
1328 determined in this early phase. This happens either when the script is
1329 read from the standard input or when novaboot is invoked explicitly as
1330 in the example L</"4."> above. In this case the current working
1331 directory is used as a starting point for configuration file search
1332 instead of the novaboot script directory.
1336 =item -c, --config=I<filename>
1338 Use the specified configuration file instead of the default one(s).
1342 =head2 Command line processing phase
1348 Dump the current configuration to stdout end exit. Useful as an
1349 initial template for a configuration file.
1353 Print short (B<-h>) or long (B<--help>) help.
1355 =item -t, --target=I<target>
1357 This option serves as a user configurable shortcut for other novaboot
1358 options. The effect of this option is the same as specifying the
1359 options stored in the C<%targets> configuration variable under key
1360 I<target>. See also L</"CONFIGURATION FILES">.
1362 When this option is not given, novaboot tries to determine the target
1363 to use from either B<NOVABOOT_TARGET> environment variable or from
1364 B<$default_target> configuration file variable.
1368 =head2 Script preprocessing phase
1370 This phases allows to modify the parsed novaboot script before it is
1371 used in the later phases.
1375 =item -a, --append=I<parameters>
1377 Append a string to the first C<load> line in the novaboot script. This
1378 can be used to append parameters to the kernel's or root task's
1379 command line. This option can appear multiple times.
1383 Use F<bender> chainloader. Bender scans the PCI bus for PCI serial
1384 ports and stores the information about them in the BIOS data area for
1387 =item --chainloader=I<chainloader>
1389 Specifies a chainloader that is loaded before the kernel and other
1390 files specified in the novaboot script. E.g. 'bin/boot/bender
1395 Print the modules to boot and their parameters after this phase
1396 finishes. Then exit. This is useful for seeing the effect of other
1397 options in this section.
1399 =item -k, --kernel=F<file>
1401 Replace the first word on the first C<load> line in the novaboot
1402 script with F<file>.
1404 =item --scriptmod=I<perl expression>
1406 When novaboot script is read, I<perl expression> is executed for every
1407 line (in $_ variable). For example, C<novaboot
1408 --scriptmod=s/sigma0/omega6/g> replaces every occurrence of I<sigma0>
1409 in the script with I<omega6>.
1411 When this option is present, it overrides I<$script_modifier> variable
1412 from the configuration file, which has the same effect. If this option
1413 is given multiple times all expressions are evaluated in the command
1418 =head2 File generation phase
1420 In this phase, files needed for booting are generated in a so called
1421 I<build directory> (see L</--build-dir>). In most cases configuration
1422 for a bootloader is generated automatically by novaboot. It is also
1423 possible to generate other files using I<heredoc> or I<"<"> syntax in
1424 novaboot scripts. Finally, binaries can be generated in this phases by
1425 running C<scons> or C<make>.
1429 =item --build-dir=I<directory>
1431 Overrides the default build directory location.
1433 The default build directory location is determined as follows: If the
1434 configuration file defines the C<$builddir> variable, its value is
1435 used. Otherwise, it is the directory that contains the first processed
1438 See also L</BUILDDIR> variable.
1440 =item -g, --grub[=I<filename>]
1442 Generates grub bootloader menu file. If the I<filename> is not
1443 specified, F<menu.lst> is used. The I<filename> is relative to the
1444 build directory (see B<--build-dir>).
1446 =item --grub-preamble=I<prefix>
1448 Specifies the I<preable> that is at the beginning of the generated
1449 GRUB or GRUB2 config files. This is useful for specifying GRUB's
1452 =item --prefix=I<prefix>
1454 Specifies I<prefix> (e.g. F</srv/tftp>) that is put in front of every
1455 file name in generated bootloader configuration files (or in U-Boot
1458 If the I<prefix> contains string $NAME, it will be replaced with the
1459 name of the novaboot script (see also B<--name>).
1461 If the I<prefix> contains string $BUILDDIR, it will be replaced with
1462 the build directory (see also B<--build-dir>).
1466 Alias for B<--prefix>.
1468 =item --grub2[=I<filename>]
1470 Generate GRUB2 menu entry in I<filename>. If I<filename> is not
1471 specified F<grub.cfg> is used. The content of the menu entry can be
1472 customized with B<--grub-preamble>, B<--grub2-prolog> or
1473 B<--grub_prefix> options.
1475 In order to use the the generated menu entry on your development
1476 machine that uses GRUB2, append the following snippet to
1477 F</etc/grub.d/40_custom> file and regenerate your grub configuration,
1478 i.e. run update-grub on Debian/Ubuntu.
1480 if [ -f /path/to/nul/build/grub.cfg ]; then
1481 source /path/to/nul/build/grub.cfg
1484 =item --grub2-prolog=I<prolog>
1486 Specifies text that is put at the beginning of the GRUB2 menu entry.
1488 =item -m, --make[=make command]
1490 Runs C<make> to build files that are not generated by novaboot itself.
1492 =item --name=I<string>
1494 Use the name I<string> instead of the name of the novaboot script.
1495 This name is used for things like a title of grub menu or for the
1496 server directory where the boot files are copied to.
1500 Do not run external commands to generate files (i.e. "<" syntax and
1501 C<run> keyword). This switch does not influence generation of files
1502 specified with "<<WORD" syntax.
1504 =item -p, --pulsar[=mac]
1506 Generates pulsar bootloader configuration file named F<config-I<mac>>
1507 The I<mac> string is typically a MAC address and defaults to
1510 =item --scons[=scons command]
1512 Runs C<scons> to build files that are not generated by novaboot
1517 Strip I<rom://> prefix from command lines and generated config files.
1518 The I<rom://> prefix is used by NUL. For NRE, it has to be stripped.
1522 Exit novaboot after file generation phase.
1526 =head2 Target connection check
1528 If supported by the target, the connection to it is made and it is
1529 checked whether the target is not occupied by another novaboot
1534 =item --amt=I<"[user[:password]@]host[:port]>
1536 Use Intel AMT technology to control the target machine. WS management
1537 is used to powercycle it and Serial-Over-Lan (SOL) for input/output.
1538 The hostname or (IP address) is given by the I<host> parameter. If
1539 I<password> is not specified, environment variable AMT_PASSWORD is
1540 used. The I<port> specifies a TCP port for SOL. If not specified, the
1541 default is 16992. Default I<user> is admin.
1543 =item --iprelay=I<addr[:port]>
1545 Use TCP/IP relay and serial port to access the target's serial port
1546 and powercycle it. The IP address of the relay is given by I<addr>
1547 parameter. If I<port> is not specified, it default to 23.
1549 Note: This option is supposed to work with HWG-ER02a IP relays.
1551 =item -s, --serial[=device]
1553 Target's serial line is connected to host's serial line (device). The
1554 default value for device is F</dev/ttyUSB0>.
1556 The value of this option is exported in NB_NOVABOOT environment
1557 variable to all subprocesses run by C<novaboot>.
1559 =item --stty=I<settings>
1561 Specifies settings passed to C<stty> invoked on the serial line
1562 specified with B<--serial> option. If this option is not given,
1563 C<stty> is called with C<raw -crtscts -onlcr 115200> settings.
1565 =item --remote-cmd=I<cmd>
1567 Command that mediates connection to the target's serial line. For
1568 example C<ssh server 'cu -l /dev/ttyS0'>.
1570 =item --remote-expect=I<string>
1572 Wait for reception of I<string> after establishing the remote
1575 =item --remote-expect-silent=I<string>
1577 The same as B<--remote-expect> except that the remote output is not
1578 echoed to stdout while waiting for the I<string>. Everything after the
1579 matched string is printed to stdout, so you may want to include line
1580 end characters in the I<string> as well.
1584 =head2 File deployment phase
1586 In some setups, it is necessary to copy the files needed for booting
1587 to a particular location, e.g. to a TFTP boot server or to the
1592 =item -d, --dhcp-tftp
1594 Turns your workstation into a DHCP and TFTP server so that the OS can
1595 be booted via PXE BIOS (or similar mechanism) on the test machine
1596 directly connected by a plain Ethernet cable to your workstation.
1598 The DHCP and TFTP servers requires root privileges and C<novaboot>
1599 uses C<sudo> command to obtain those. You can put the following to
1600 I</etc/sudoers> to allow running the necessary commands without asking
1603 Cmnd_Alias NOVABOOT = /bin/ip a add 10.23.23.1/24 dev eth0, /bin/ip l set dev eth0 up, /usr/sbin/dhcpd -d -cf dhcpd.conf -lf dhcpd.leases -pf dhcpd.pid, /usr/sbin/in.tftpd --listen --secure -v -v -v --pidfile tftpd.pid *, /usr/bin/touch dhcpd.leases, /usr/bin/pkill --pidfile=dhcpd.pid, /usr/bin/pkill --pidfile=tftpd.pid
1604 your_login ALL=NOPASSWD: NOVABOOT
1608 Starts a TFTP server on your workstation. This is similar to
1609 B<--dhcp-tftp> except that DHCP server is not started.
1611 The TFTP server require root privileges and C<novaboot> uses C<sudo>
1612 command to obtain those. You can put the following to I</etc/sudoers>
1613 to allow running the necessary commands without asking for password.
1615 Cmnd_Alias NOVABOOT = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd --listen --secure -v -v -v --pidfile tftpd.pid *, /usr/bin/pkill --pidfile=tftpd.pid
1616 your_login ALL=NOPASSWD: NOVABOOT
1618 =item --tftp-port=I<port>
1620 Port to run the TFTP server on. Implies B<--tftp>.
1622 =item --iso[=filename]
1624 Generates the ISO image that boots NOVA system via GRUB. If no filename
1625 is given, the image is stored under I<NAME>.iso, where I<NAME> is the name
1626 of the novaboot script (see also B<--name>).
1628 =item --server[=[[user@]server:]path]
1630 Copy all files needed for booting to another location. The files will
1631 be copied (by B<rsync> tool) to the directory I<path>. If the I<path>
1632 contains string $NAME, it will be replaced with the name of the
1633 novaboot script (see also B<--name>).
1635 =item --rsync-flags=I<flags>
1637 Specifies which I<flags> are appended to F<rsync> command line when
1638 copying files as a result of I<--server> option.
1642 If B<--server> is used and its value ends with $NAME, then after
1643 copying the files, a new bootloader configuration file (e.g. menu.lst)
1644 is created at I<path-wo-name>, i.e. the path specified by B<--server>
1645 with $NAME part removed. The content of the file is created by
1646 concatenating all files of the same name from all subdirectories of
1647 I<path-wo-name> found on the "server".
1651 Use Intel AMT technology for IDE redirection. This allows the target
1652 machine to boot from novaboot created ISO image. Implies B<--iso>.
1654 The experimental C<amtider> utility needed by this option can be
1655 obtained from https://github.com/wentasah/amtterm.
1659 =head2 Target power-on and reset phase
1661 At this point, the target is reset (or switched on/off). There is
1662 several ways how this can be accomplished. Resetting a physical target
1663 can currently be accomplished by the following options: B<--amt>,
1664 B<--iprelay>, B<--reset-cmd>.
1670 Switch on/off the target machine and exit. The script (if any) is
1671 completely ignored. Currently it works only with B<--iprelay> or
1674 =item -Q, --qemu[=I<qemu-binary>]
1676 Boot the configuration in qemu. Optionally, the name of qemu binary
1677 can be specified as a parameter.
1679 =item --qemu-append=I<flags>
1681 Append I<flags> to the default qemu flags (QEMU_FLAGS variable or
1682 C<-cpu coreduo -smp 2>).
1684 =item -q, --qemu-flags=I<flags>
1686 Replace the default qemu flags (QEMU_FLAGS variable or C<-cpu coreduo
1687 -smp 2>) with I<flags> specified here.
1689 =item --reset-cmd=I<cmd>
1691 Command that resets the target.
1693 =item --no-reset, --reset
1695 Disable/enable resetting of the target.
1699 =head2 Interaction with the bootloader on the target
1703 =item --uboot[=I<prompt>]
1705 Interact with U-Boot bootloader to boot the thing described in the
1706 novaboot script. I<prompt> specifies the U-Boot's prompt (default is
1707 "=> ", other common prompts are "U-Boot> " or "U-Boot# ").
1708 Implementation of this option is currently tied to a particular board
1709 that we use. It may be subject to changes in the future!
1713 Disable U-Boot interaction previously enabled with B<--uboot>.
1717 Command(s) to send the U-Boot bootloader before loading the images and
1718 booting them. This option can be given multiple times. After sending
1719 commands from each option novaboot waits for U-Boot I<prompt>.
1721 If the command contains string I<$NB_MYIP> then this string is
1722 replaced by IPv4 address of eth0 interface. Similarly I<$NB_PREFIX> is
1723 replaced with prefix given by B<--prefix>.
1725 See also C<uboot> keyword in L</"NOVABOOT SCRIPT SYNTAX">).
1727 =item --uboot-addr I<name>=I<address>
1729 Load address of U-Boot's C<tftpboot> command for loading I<name>,
1730 where name is one of I<kernel>, I<ramdisk> or I<fdt> (flattened device
1733 The default addresses are ${I<name>_addr_r}, i.e. U-Boot environment
1734 variables used by convention for this purpose.
1736 =item --uboot-cmd=I<command>
1738 Specifies U-Boot command used to execute the OS. If the command
1739 contains strings C<$kernel_addr>, C<$ramdisk_addr>, C<$fdt_addr>,
1740 these are replaced with the addresses configured with B<--uboot-addr>.
1742 The default value is
1744 bootm $kernel_addr $ramdisk_addr $fdt_addr
1746 or the C<UBOOT_CMD> variable if defined in the novaboot script.
1750 =head2 Target interaction phase
1752 In this phase, target's serial output is redirected to stdout and if
1753 stdin is a TTY, it is redirected to the target's serial input allowing
1754 interactive work with the target.
1758 =item --exiton=I<string>
1760 When I<string> is sent by the target, novaboot exits. This option can
1761 be specified multiple times, in which case novaboot exits whenever
1762 either of the specified strings is sent.
1764 If I<string> is C<-re>, then the next B<--exiton>'s I<string> is
1765 treated as regular expression. For example:
1767 --exiton -re --exiton 'error:.*failed'
1769 =item --exiton-re=I<regex>
1771 The same as --exiton -re --exiton I<regex>.
1773 =item --exiton-timeout=I<seconds>
1775 By default B<--exiton> waits for the string match forever. When this
1776 option is specified, "exiton" timeouts after the specifies number of
1777 seconds and novaboot returns non-zero exit code.
1779 =item -i, --interactive
1781 Setup things for interactive use of target. Your terminal will be
1782 switched to raw mode. In raw mode, your system does not process input
1783 in any way (no echoing of entered characters, no interpretation
1784 special characters). This, among others, means that Ctrl-C is passed
1785 to the target and does no longer interrupt novaboot. Use "~~."
1786 sequence to exit novaboot.
1788 =item --no-interaction, --interaction
1790 Skip resp. force target interaction phase. When skipped, novaboot exits
1791 immediately when boot is initiated.
1793 =item --expect=I<string>
1795 When I<string> is received from the target, send the string specified
1796 with the subsequent B<--send*> option to the target.
1798 =item --expect-re=I<regex>
1800 When target's output matches regular expression I<regex>, send the
1801 string specified with the subsequent B<--send*> option to the target.
1803 =item --expect-raw=I<perl-code>
1805 Provides direct control over Perl's Expect module.
1807 =item --send=I<string>
1809 Send I<string> to the target after the previously specified
1810 B<--expect*> was matched in the target's output. The I<string> may
1811 contain escape sequences such as "\n".
1813 Note that I<string> is actually interpreted by Perl, so it can contain
1814 much more that escape sequences. This behavior may change in the
1817 Example: C<--expect='login: ' --send='root\n'>
1819 =item --sendcont=I<string>
1821 Similar to B<--send> but continue expecting more input.
1823 Example: C<--expect='Continue?' --sendcont='yes\n'>
1825 =item --final-eol, --no-final-eol
1827 By default, B<novaboot> always prints an end-of-line character at the
1828 end of its execution in order to ensure that the output of programs
1829 started after novaboot appears at the beginning of the line. When this
1830 is not desired B<--no-final-eol> option can be used to override this
1835 =head1 NOVABOOT SCRIPT SYNTAX
1837 The syntax tries to mimic POSIX shell syntax. The syntax is defined
1838 with the following rules.
1840 Lines starting with "#" and empty lines are ignored.
1842 Lines that end with "\" are concatenated with the following line after
1843 removal of the final "\" and leading whitespace of the following line.
1845 Lines of the form I<VARIABLE=...> (i.e. matching '^[A-Z_]+=' regular
1846 expression) assign values to internal variables. See L</VARIABLES>
1849 Lines starting with C<load> keyword represent modules to boot. The
1850 word after C<load> is a file name (relative to the build directory
1851 (see B<--build-dir>) of the module to load and the remaining words are
1852 passed to it as the command line parameters.
1854 When the C<load> line ends with "<<WORD" then the subsequent lines
1855 until the line containing solely WORD are copied literally to the file
1856 named on that line. This is similar to shell's heredoc feature.
1858 When the C<load> line ends with "< CMD" then command CMD is executed
1859 with F</bin/sh> and its standard output is stored in the file named on
1860 that line. The SRCDIR variable in CMD's environment is set to the
1861 absolute path of the directory containing the interpreted novaboot
1864 Lines starting with C<run> keyword contain shell commands that are run
1865 during file generation phase. This is the same as the "< CMD" syntax
1866 for C<load> keyboard except that the command's output is not
1867 redirected to a file. The ordering of commands is the same as they
1868 appear in the novaboot script.
1870 Lines starting with C<uboot> represent U-Boot commands that are sent
1871 to the target if B<--uboot> option is given. Having a U-Boot line in
1872 the novaboot script is the same as passing an equivalent
1873 B<--uboot-init> option to novaboot. The C<uboot> keyword can be
1874 suffixed with timeout specification. The syntax is C<uboot:Ns>, where
1875 C<N> is the whole number of seconds. If the U-Boot command prompt does
1876 not appear before the timeout, novaboot fails. The default timeout is
1881 #!/usr/bin/env novaboot
1882 load bzImage console=ttyS0,115200
1883 run make -C buildroot
1884 load rootfs.cpio < gen_cpio buildroot/images/rootfs.cpio "myapp->/etc/init.d/S99myapp"
1886 Example (NOVA User Land - NUL):
1888 #!/usr/bin/env novaboot
1889 WVDESC=Example program
1890 load bin/apps/sigma0.nul S0_DEFAULT script_start:1,1 \
1891 verbose hostkeyb:0,0x60,1,12,2
1892 load bin/apps/hello.nul
1893 load hello.nulconfig <<EOF
1894 sigma0::mem:16 name::/s0/log name::/s0/timer name::/s0/fs/rom ||
1895 rom://bin/apps/hello.nul
1898 This example will load three modules: F<sigma0.nul>, F<hello.nul> and
1899 F<hello.nulconfig>. sigma0 receives some command line parameters and
1900 F<hello.nulconfig> file is generated on the fly from the lines between
1901 C<<<EOF> and C<EOF>.
1905 The following variables are interpreted in the novaboot script:
1911 Novaboot chdir()s to this directory before file generation phase. The
1912 directory name specified here is relative to the build directory
1913 specified by other means (see L</--build-dir>).
1917 Assigning this variable has the same effect as specifying L</--exiton>
1920 =item HYPERVISOR_PARAMS
1922 Parameters passed to hypervisor. The default value is "serial", unless
1923 overridden in configuration file.
1927 The kernel to use instead of the hypervisor specified in the
1928 configuration file with the C<$hypervisor> variable. The value should
1929 contain the name of the kernel image as well as its command line
1930 parameters. If this variable is defined and non-empty, the variable
1931 HYPERVISOR_PARAMS is not used.
1935 If this variable is 1, the system is not booted. This is currently
1936 only implemented for U-Boot bootloader where it is useful for
1937 interacting with the bootloader without booting the system - e.g. for
1942 Use a specific qemu binary (can be overridden with B<-Q>) and flags
1943 when booting this script under qemu. If QEMU_FLAGS variable is also
1944 specified flags specified in QEMU variable are replaced by those in
1949 Use specific qemu flags (can be overridden with B<-q>).
1953 See L</--uboot-cmd>.
1957 Description of the WvTest-compliant program.
1959 =item WVTEST_TIMEOUT
1961 The timeout in seconds for WvTest harness. If no complete line appears
1962 in the test output within the time specified here, the test fails. It
1963 is necessary to specify this for long running tests that produce no
1964 intermediate output.
1968 =head1 CONFIGURATION FILES
1970 Novaboot can read its configuration from one or more files. By
1971 default, novaboot looks for files in F</etc/novaboot.d>, file
1972 F<~/.config/novaboot> and files named F<.novaboot> as described in
1973 L</Configuration reading phase>. Alternatively, configuration file
1974 location can be specified with the B<-c> switch or with the
1975 NOVABOOT_CONFIG environment variable. The configuration file has Perl
1976 syntax (i.e. it is better to put C<1;> as the last line) and should set
1977 values of certain Perl variables. The current configuration can be
1978 dumped with the B<--dump-config> switch. Some configuration variables
1979 can be overridden by environment variables (see below) or by command
1982 Supported configuration variables include:
1988 Build directory location relative to the location of the configuration
1991 =item $default_target
1993 Default target (see below) to use when no target is explicitly
1994 specified with the B<--target> command line option or
1995 B<NOVABOOT_TARGET> environment variable.
1999 Hash of target definitions to be used with the B<--target> option. The
2000 key is the identifier of the target, the value is the string with
2001 command line options. For instance, if the configuration file contains:
2003 $targets{'mybox'} = '--server=boot:/tftproot --serial=/dev/ttyUSB0 --grub',
2005 then the following two commands are equivalent:
2007 ./myos --server=boot:/tftproot --serial=/dev/ttyUSB0 --grub
2012 =head1 ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
2014 Some options can be specified not only via config file or command line
2015 but also through environment variables. Environment variables override
2016 the values from configuration file and command line parameters
2017 override the environment variables.
2021 =item NOVABOOT_CONFIG
2023 Name of the novaboot configuration file to use instead of the default
2026 =item NOVABOOT_CONFIG_DIR
2028 Name of the novaboot configuration directory. When not specified
2029 F</etc/novaboot.d> is used.
2031 =item NOVABOOT_TARGET
2033 Name of the novaboot target to use. This overrides the value of
2034 B<$default_target> from the configuration file and can be overriden
2035 with the B<--target> command line option.
2037 =item NOVABOOT_BENDER
2039 Defining this variable has the same meaning as B<--bender> option.
2045 Michal Sojka <sojka@os.inf.tu-dresden.de>
2049 # LocalWords: novaboot Novaboot NOVABOOT TFTP PXE DHCP filename stty
2050 # LocalWords: chainloader stdout Qemu qemu preprocessing ISOLINUX bootable
2051 # LocalWords: config subprocesses sudo sudoers tftp dhcp IDE stdin
2052 # LocalWords: subdirectories TTY whitespace heredoc POSIX WvTest