3 # This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
4 # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
5 # the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or
6 # (at your option) any later version.
8 # This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
9 # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
10 # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
11 # GNU General Public License for more details.
13 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
14 # along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
20 use warnings (exists $ENV{NOVABOOT_TEST} ? (FATAL => 'all') : ());
21 use Getopt::Long qw(GetOptionsFromString GetOptionsFromArray);
26 use Time::HiRes("usleep");
30 use POSIX qw(:errno_h sysconf);
31 use Cwd qw(getcwd abs_path);
37 my $invocation_dir = $ENV{PWD} || getcwd();
39 ## Configuration file handling
41 # Default configuration
42 $CFG::hypervisor = "";
43 $CFG::hypervisor_params = "serial";
44 $CFG::genisoimage = "genisoimage";
45 $CFG::qemu = 'qemu-system-i386 -cpu coreduo -smp 2';
46 $CFG::default_target = '';
49 "tud" => '--server=erwin.inf.tu-dresden.de:~sojka/boot/novaboot --rsync-flags="--chmod=Dg+s,ug+w,o-w,+rX --rsync-path=\"umask 002 && rsync\"" --grub --grub-prefix=(nd)/tftpboot/sojka/novaboot --grub-preamble="timeout 0" --concat --iprelay=141.76.48.80:2324 --scriptmod=s/\\\\bhostserial\\\\b/hostserialpci/g',
50 "novabox" => '--server=novabox@rtime.felk.cvut.cz:/srv/tftp/novaboot --rsync-flags="--chmod=Dg+s,ug+w,o-w,+rX --rsync-path=\"umask 002 && rsync\"" --pulsar --iprelay-cmd="ssh -tt novabox@rtime.felk.cvut.cz nc localhost 2324"',
51 "localhost" => '--scriptmod=s/console=tty[A-Z0-9,]+// --server=/boot/novaboot/$NAME --grub2 --grub-prefix=/boot/novaboot/$NAME --grub2-prolog=" set root=\'(hd0,msdos1)\'"',
52 "ryu" => '--uboot --uboot-init="mw f0000b00 \${psc_cfg}; sleep 1" --uboot-addr kernel=800000 --uboot-addr ramdisk=b00000 --uboot-addr fdt=7f0000',
53 "ryuglab" => '--target ryu --server=pc-sojkam.felk.cvut.cz:/srv/tftp --remote-cmd="ssh -tt pc-sojkam.felk.cvut.cz \"sterm -d -s 115200 /dev/ttyUSB0\""',
54 "ryulocal" => '--target ryu --dhcp-tftp --serial --reset-cmd="if which dtrrts; then dtrrts $NB_SERIAL 0 1; sleep 0.1; dtrrts $NB_SERIAL 1 1; fi"',
59 $const{linux}->{_SC_NPROCESSORS_CONF} = 83;
60 my $nproc = sysconf($const{$^O}->{_SC_NPROCESSORS_CONF});
62 $CFG::scons = "scons -j$nproc";
63 $CFG::make = "make -j$nproc";
71 package CFG; # Put config data into a separate namespace
77 die("ERROR: Failure compiling '$cfg' - $@");
78 } elsif (! defined($rc)) {
79 die("ERROR: Failure reading '$cfg' - $!");
81 die("ERROR: Failure processing '$cfg'");
84 $builddir = File::Spec->rel2abs($CFG::builddir, dirname($cfg)) if defined $CFG::builddir;
85 print STDERR "novaboot: Read $cfg\n";
90 # We don't use $0 here, because it points to the novaboot itself and
91 # not to the novaboot script. The problem with this approach is that
92 # when a script is run as "novaboot <options> <script>" then $ARGV[0]
93 # contains the first option. Hence the -f check.
94 my $dir = File::Spec->rel2abs($ARGV[0] && -f $ARGV[0] ? dirname($ARGV[0]) : '', $invocation_dir);
95 while ((-d $dir || -l $dir ) && $dir ne "/") {
96 push @cfgs, "$dir/.novaboot" if -r "$dir/.novaboot";
97 my @dirs = File::Spec->splitdir($dir);
98 $dir = File::Spec->catdir(@dirs[0..$#dirs-1]);
100 @cfgs = reverse @cfgs;
102 my $xdg_config_home = $ENV{'XDG_CONFIG_HOME'} || $ENV{'HOME'}.'/.config';
103 unshift(@cfgs, "$xdg_config_home/novaboot") if -r "$xdg_config_home/novaboot";
105 $dir = $ENV{'NOVABOOT_CONFIG_DIR'} || '/etc/novaboot.d';
106 if (opendir(my $dh, $dir)) {
107 my @etccfg = map { "$dir/$_" } grep { /^[-_a-zA-Z0-9]+$/ && -f "$dir/$_" } readdir($dh);
109 @etccfg = sort(@etccfg);
110 @cfgs = ( @etccfg, @cfgs );
113 my $cfg = $ENV{'NOVABOOT_CONFIG'};
114 Getopt::Long::Configure(qw/no_ignore_case pass_through/);
115 GetOptions ("config|c=s" => \$cfg);
116 read_config($_) foreach $cfg or @cfgs;
118 ## Command line handling
120 my $explicit_target = $ENV{'NOVABOOT_TARGET'};
121 GetOptions ("target|t=s" => \$explicit_target);
123 # Variables for command line options
124 my ($amt, @append, $bender, @chainloaders, $concat, $config_name_opt, $dhcp_tftp, $dump_opt, $dump_config, @exiton, $exiton_timeout, @expect_raw, $final_eol, $gen_only, $grub_config, $grub_prefix, $grub_preamble, $grub2_prolog, $grub2_config, $help, $ider, $interaction, $iprelay, $iprelay_cmd, $iso_image, $interactive, $kernel_opt, $make, $man, $netif, $no_file_gen, $off_opt, $on_opt, $pulsar, $pulsar_root, $qemu, $qemu_append, $qemu_flags_cmd, @remote_cmd, $remote_expect, $remote_expect_silent, $remote_expect_timeout, $reset, @reset_cmd, $reset_send, $rom_prefix, $rsync_flags, @scriptmod, $scons, $serial, $server, $stty, $tftp, $tftp_port, $uboot, %uboot_addr, $uboot_cmd, @uboot_init);
126 my ($target_reset, $target_power_on, $target_power_off);
128 # Default values of certain command line options
130 'kernel' => '${kernel_addr_r}',
131 'ramdisk' => '${ramdisk_addr_r}',
132 'fdt' => '${fdt_addr_r}',
135 $rom_prefix = 'rom://';
136 $stty = 'raw -crtscts -onlcr 115200';
137 $reset = 1; # Reset target by default
138 $interaction = 1; # Perform target interaction by default
141 $remote_expect_timeout = 180;
143 my @expect_seen = ();
147 push(@expect_seen, '-re') if $n eq "expect-re";
148 push(@expect_seen, $v);
154 unless (@expect_seen) { die("No --expect before --send"); }
155 my $ret = ($n eq "sendcont") ? exp_continue : 0;
156 unshift(@expect_raw, sub { shift->send(eval("\"$v\"")); $ret; });
157 unshift(@expect_raw, @expect_seen);
161 # Options which can be safely specified on the server (via --ssh),
162 # i.e. which cannot cause unwanted local code execution etc.
163 my %opt_spec_safe = (
164 "grub|g:s" => \$grub_config,
165 "grub-preamble=s"=> \$grub_preamble,
166 "grub2-prolog=s" => \$grub2_prolog,
167 "grub2:s" => \$grub2_config,
168 "prefix|grub-prefix=s" => \$grub_prefix,
169 "pulsar-root=s" => \$pulsar_root,
170 "pulsar|p:s" => \$pulsar,
171 "uboot-addr=s" => \%uboot_addr,
172 "uboot-cmd=s" => \$uboot_cmd,
173 "uboot-init=s" => sub { push @uboot_init, { command => $_[1] }; },
174 "uboot:s" => \$uboot,
180 "append|a=s" => \@append,
181 "bender|b" => \$bender,
182 "build-dir=s" => sub { my ($n, $v) = @_; $builddir = File::Spec->rel2abs($v); },
183 "concat" => \$concat,
184 "chainloader=s" => \@chainloaders,
185 "dhcp-tftp|d" => \$dhcp_tftp,
186 "dump" => \$dump_opt,
187 "dump-config" => \$dump_config,
188 "exiton=s" => \@exiton,
189 "exiton-timeout=i"=> \$exiton_timeout,
190 "exiton-re=s" => sub { my ($n, $v) = @_; push(@exiton, '-re', $v); },
191 "expect=s" => \&handle_expect,
192 "expect-re=s" => \&handle_expect,
193 "expect-raw=s" => sub { my ($n, $v) = @_; unshift(@expect_raw, eval($v)); },
194 "final-eol!" => \$final_eol,
195 "gen-only" => \$gen_only,
197 "interaction!" => \$interaction,
198 "iprelay=s" => \$iprelay,
199 "iprelay-cmd=s" => \$iprelay_cmd,
200 "iso:s" => \$iso_image,
201 "kernel|k=s" => \$kernel_opt,
202 "interactive|i" => \$interactive,
203 "name=s" => \$config_name_opt,
204 "make|m:s" => \$make,
205 "netif=s" => \$netif,
206 "no-file-gen" => \$no_file_gen,
209 "qemu|Q:s" => \$qemu,
210 "qemu-append=s" => \$qemu_append,
211 "qemu-flags|q=s" => \$qemu_flags_cmd,
212 "remote-cmd=s" => sub { @remote_cmd = ($_[1]); },
213 "remote-expect=s"=> \$remote_expect,
214 "remote-expect-silent=s"=> sub { $remote_expect=$_[1]; $remote_expect_silent=1; },
215 "remote-expect-timeout=i"=> \$remote_expect_timeout,
217 "reset-cmd=s" => sub { @reset_cmd = ($_[1]); },
218 "reset-send=s" => \$reset_send,
219 "rsync-flags=s" => \$rsync_flags,
220 "scons:s" => \$scons,
221 "scriptmod=s" => \@scriptmod,
222 "send=s" => \&handle_send,
223 "sendcont=s" => \&handle_send,
224 "serial|s:s" => \$serial,
225 "server:s" => \$server,
226 "ssh:s" => \&handle_novaboot_server,
227 "strip-rom" => sub { $rom_prefix = ''; },
230 "tftp-port=i" => \$tftp_port,
231 "no-uboot" => sub { undef $uboot; },
236 sub handle_novaboot_server
239 my $xdg_runtime_dir = $ENV{XDG_RUNTIME_DIR} || '/var/run';
240 my $ssh_ctl_path = "${xdg_runtime_dir}/novaboot$$";
242 @remote_cmd = ('ssh', '-tt', '-M', '-S', $ssh_ctl_path, $val, 'console');
243 $remote_expect = "novaboot-shell: Connected";
245 $rsync_flags = "--rsh='ssh -S \'${ssh_ctl_path}\''";
246 ($grub_prefix = $val) =~ s|(.*)@.*|\/$1\/| if index($val, '@') != -1;
247 @reset_cmd = ('ssh', '-tt', '-S', $ssh_ctl_path, $val, 'reset');
249 $target_power_off = sub { system_verbose('ssh', '-tt', '-S', $ssh_ctl_path, $val, 'off'); };
250 $target_power_on = sub { system_verbose('ssh', '-tt', '-S', $ssh_ctl_path, $val, 'on'); };
252 my $cmd = "ssh '${val}' get-config";
253 print STDERR "novaboot: Running: $cmd\n";
254 my @target_config = qx($cmd < /dev/null);
255 if ($?) { die("Cannot get target configuration from the server"); }
256 printf "novaboot: Received configuration from the server:%s\n", (!@target_config) ? " empty" : "";
257 foreach (@target_config) { chomp; print " $_\n"; }
259 my $p = Getopt::Long::Parser->new;
260 $p->configure(qw/no_ignore_case no_pass_through/);
261 $p->getoptionsfromarray(\@target_config, %opt_spec_safe) or die("Error processing configuration from the server");
263 if (scalar @target_config) { die "Unsuported configuration received from the server: ".join(", ", @target_config); }
266 # First process target options
268 my $t = defined($explicit_target) ? $explicit_target : $CFG::default_target;
270 Getopt::Long::Configure(qw/no_ignore_case pass_through/);
272 exists $CFG::targets{$t} or die("Unknown target '$t' (valid targets are: ".join(", ", sort keys(%CFG::targets)).")");
274 undef $explicit_target;
275 my ($ret, $remaining_args) = GetOptionsFromString ($CFG::targets{$t}, ("target|t=s" => \$explicit_target));
276 if (!$ret) { die "Error parsing target $t option"; }
277 push(@target_expanded, @$remaining_args);
278 $t = $explicit_target;
281 my @args = (@target_expanded, @ARGV);
282 print STDERR "novaboot: Effective options: @args\n";
284 Getopt::Long::Configure(qw/no_ignore_case no_pass_through/);
285 GetOptionsFromArray(\@target_expanded, %opt_spec) or die ("Error in target definition");
288 # Then process other command line options - some of them may override
289 # what was specified by the target
290 GetOptions %opt_spec or die("Error in command line arguments");
291 pod2usage(1) if $help;
292 pod2usage(-exitstatus => 0, -verbose => 2) if $man;
294 ### Dump sanitized configuration (if requested)
298 $Data::Dumper::Indent=1;
299 print "# This file is in perl syntax.\n";
300 foreach my $key(sort(keys(%CFG::))) { # See "Symbol Tables" in perlmod(1)
301 if (defined ${$CFG::{$key}}) { print Data::Dumper->Dump([${$CFG::{$key}}], ["*$key"]); }
302 if ( @{$CFG::{$key}}) { print Data::Dumper->Dump([\@{$CFG::{$key}}], ["*$key"]); }
303 if ( %{$CFG::{$key}}) { print Data::Dumper->Dump([\%{$CFG::{$key}}], ["*$key"]); }
309 ### Sanitize configuration
311 if ($interactive && !-t STDIN) {
312 die("novaboot: Interactive mode not supported when not on terminal");
315 if (defined $config_name_opt && scalar(@ARGV) > 1) { die "You cannot use --name with multiple scripts"; }
318 $iso_image //= ''; # IDE-R needs an ISO image
319 if (!defined $amt) { die "Error: --ider requires --amt"; }
323 my %input_opts = ('--iprelay' => \$iprelay,
324 '--iprelay-cmd'=> \$iprelay_cmd,
325 '--serial' => \$serial,
326 '--remote-cmd' => \join(' ', @remote_cmd),
328 my @opts = grep(defined(${$input_opts{$_}}) , keys %input_opts);
330 die("novaboot: More than one target connection option: ".join(', ', @opts)) if scalar @opts > 1;
334 if (defined $serial) {
335 $serial ||= "/dev/ttyUSB0";
336 $ENV{NB_SERIAL} = $serial;
338 if (defined $grub_config) { $grub_config ||= "menu.lst"; }
339 if (defined $grub2_config) { $grub2_config ||= "grub.cfg"; }
341 ## Parse the novaboot script(s)
346 my ($modules, $variables, $generated, $copy, $chainload, $continuation) = ([], {}, [], []);
347 my $skip_reading = defined($on_opt) || defined($off_opt);
348 while (!$skip_reading && ($_ = <>)) {
349 if ($ARGV ne $last_fn) { # New script
350 die "Missing EOF in $last_fn" if $file;
351 die "Unfinished line in $last_fn" if $continuation;
353 push @scripts, { 'filename' => $ARGV,
354 'modules' => $modules = [],
355 'variables' => $variables = {},
356 'generated' => $generated = [],
357 'copy' => $copy = [],
358 'chainload' => $chainload = [],
363 next if /^#/ || /^\s*$/; # Skip comments and empty lines
365 $_ =~ s/^[[:space:]]*// if ($continuation);
367 if (/\\$/) { # Line continuation
368 $continuation .= substr($_, 0, length($_)-1);
372 if ($continuation) { # Last continuation line
373 $_ = $continuation . $_;
377 foreach my $mod(@scriptmod) { eval $mod; }
379 if ($file && $_ eq $EOF) { # Heredoc end
383 if ($file) { # Heredoc content
384 push @{$file}, "$_\n";
387 if (/^([A-Z_]+)=(.*)$/) { # Internal variable
388 $$variables{$1} = $2;
389 push(@exiton, $2) if ($1 eq "EXITON");
392 sub process_load_copy($) {
393 die("novaboot: '$last_fn' line $.: Missing file name\n") unless /^[^ <]+/;
394 if (/^([^ ]*)(.*?)[[:space:]]*<<([^ ]*)$/) { # Heredoc start
396 push @$generated, {filename => $1, content => $file};
400 if (/^([^ ]*)(.*?)[[:space:]]*< ?(.*)$/) { # Command substitution
401 push @$generated, {filename => $1, command => $3};
406 if (s/^load *//) { # Load line
407 push @$modules, process_load_copy($_);
410 if (s/^copy *//) { # Copy line
411 push @$copy, process_load_copy($_);
414 if (s/^chld *//) { # Chainload line
415 push @$chainload, process_load_copy($_);
418 if (/^run (.*)/) { # run line
419 push @$generated, {command => $1};
422 if (/^uboot(?::([0-9]+)s)? +(< *)?(.*)/) { # uboot line
423 # TODO: If U-Boot supports some interactive menu, it might
424 # make sense to store uboot lines per novaboot script.
425 my ($timeout, $redir, $string, $dest) = ($1, $2, $3);
426 if ($string =~ /(.*) *> *(.*)/) {
430 push @uboot_init, { command => $redir ? "" : $string,
431 system => $redir ? $string : "",
438 die("novaboot: Cannot parse script '$last_fn' line $.. Didn't you forget 'load' keyword?\n");
441 # print Dumper(\@scripts);
443 foreach my $script (@scripts) {
444 $modules = $$script{modules};
445 @$modules[0] =~ s/^[^ ]*/$kernel_opt/ if $kernel_opt;
446 @$modules[0] .= ' ' . join(' ', @append) if @append;
449 if (exists $variables->{KERNEL}) {
450 $kernel = $variables->{KERNEL};
452 if ($CFG::hypervisor) {
453 $kernel = $CFG::hypervisor . " ";
454 if (exists $variables->{HYPERVISOR_PARAMS}) {
455 $kernel .= $variables->{HYPERVISOR_PARAMS};
457 $kernel .= $CFG::hypervisor_params;
461 @$modules = ($kernel, @$modules) if $kernel;
462 @$modules = (@chainloaders, @$modules);
463 @$modules = ("bin/boot/bender", @$modules) if ($bender || defined $ENV{'NOVABOOT_BENDER'});
467 foreach my $script (@scripts) {
468 print join("\n", @{$$script{modules}})."\n";
475 sub generate_configs($$$) {
476 my ($base, $generated, $filename) = @_;
477 if ($base) { $base = "$base/"; };
478 foreach my $g(@$generated) {
479 if (exists $$g{content}) {
480 my $config = $$g{content};
481 my $fn = $$g{filename};
482 open(my $f, '>', $fn) || die("$fn: $!");
483 map { s|\brom://([^ ]*)|$rom_prefix$base$1|g; print $f "$_"; } @{$config};
485 print STDERR "novaboot: Created $fn\n";
486 } elsif (exists $$g{command} && ! $no_file_gen) {
487 $ENV{SRCDIR} = dirname(File::Spec->rel2abs( $filename, $invocation_dir ));
488 if (exists $$g{filename}) {
489 system_verbose("( $$g{command} ) > $$g{filename}");
491 system_verbose($$g{command});
497 sub generate_grub_config($$$$;$)
499 my ($filename, $title, $base, $modules_ref, $preamble) = @_;
500 if ($base) { $base = "$base/"; };
501 open(my $fg, '>', $filename) or die "$filename: $!";
502 print $fg "$preamble\n" if $preamble;
503 print $fg "title $title\n" if $title;
504 #print $fg "root $base\n"; # root doesn't really work for (nd)
506 foreach (@$modules_ref) {
509 my ($kbin, $kcmd) = split(' ', $_, 2);
510 $kcmd = '' if !defined $kcmd;
511 print $fg "kernel ${base}$kbin $kcmd\n";
513 s|\brom://([^ ]*)|$rom_prefix$base$1|g; # Translate rom:// files - needed for vdisk parameter of sigma0
514 print $fg "module $base$_\n";
518 print("novaboot: Created $builddir/$filename\n");
522 sub generate_syslinux_config($$$$)
524 my ($filename, $title, $base, $modules_ref) = @_;
525 if ($base && $base !~ /\/$/) { $base = "$base/"; };
526 open(my $fg, '>', $filename) or die "$filename: $!";
527 print $fg "LABEL $title\n";
528 #TODO print $fg "MENU LABEL $human_readable_title\n";
530 my ($kbin, $kcmd) = split(' ', @$modules_ref[0], 2);
532 if (system("file $kbin|grep 'Linux kernel'") == 0) {
533 my $initrd = @$modules_ref[1];
534 die('To many "load" lines for Linux kernel') if (scalar @$modules_ref > 2);
535 print $fg "LINUX $base$kbin\n";
536 print $fg "APPEND $kcmd\n";
537 print $fg "INITRD $base$initrd\n";
539 print $fg "KERNEL mboot.c32\n";
541 foreach (@$modules_ref) {
542 s|\brom://([^ ]*)|$rom_prefix$base$1|g; # Translate rom:// files - needed for vdisk parameter of sigma0
543 push @append, "$base$_";
544 print $fg "APPEND ".join(' --- ', @append)."\n";
547 #TODO print $fg "TEXT HELP\n";
548 #TODO print $fg "some help here\n";
549 #TODO print $fg "ENDTEXT\n";
551 print("novaboot: Created $builddir/$filename\n");
555 sub generate_grub2_config($$$$;$$)
557 my ($filename, $title, $base, $modules_ref, $preamble, $prolog) = @_;
558 if ($base && substr($base,-1,1) ne '/') { $base = "$base/"; };
559 open(my $fg, '>', $filename) or die "$filename: $!";
560 print $fg "$preamble\n" if $preamble;
561 $title ||= 'novaboot';
562 print $fg "menuentry $title {\n";
563 print $fg "$prolog\n" if $prolog;
565 foreach (@$modules_ref) {
568 my ($kbin, $kcmd) = split(' ', $_, 2);
569 $kcmd = '' if !defined $kcmd;
570 print $fg " multiboot ${base}$kbin $kcmd\n";
573 # GRUB2 doesn't pass filename in multiboot info so we have to duplicate it here
574 $_ = join(' ', ($args[0], @args));
575 s|\brom://|$rom_prefix|g; # We do not need to translate path for GRUB2
576 print $fg " module $base$_\n";
581 print("novaboot: Created $builddir/$filename\n");
585 sub generate_pulsar_config($$$)
587 my ($filename, $modules_ref, $chainload_ref) = @_;
588 open(my $fg, '>', $filename) or die "$filename: $!";
589 print $fg "root $pulsar_root\n" if defined $pulsar_root;
590 if (scalar(@$chainload_ref) > 0) {
591 print $fg "chld $$chainload_ref[0]\n";
595 foreach (@$modules_ref) {
598 ($kbin, $kcmd) = split(' ', $_, 2);
599 $kcmd = '' if !defined $kcmd;
602 s|\brom://|$rom_prefix|g;
603 print $fg "load $_\n";
606 # Put kernel as last - this is needed for booting Linux and has no influence on non-Linux OSes
607 print $fg "exec $kbin $kcmd\n";
610 print("novaboot: Created $builddir/$filename\n");
614 sub shell_cmd_string(@)
616 if (scalar(@_) == 1) {
619 return join(' ', map((/^[-_=a-zA-Z0-9\/\.\+]+$/ ? "$_" : "'$_'"), @_));
625 print STDERR "novaboot: Running: ".shell_cmd_string(@_)."\n";
627 exit(1); # should not be reached
632 print STDERR "novaboot: Running: ".shell_cmd_string(@_)."\n";
633 my $ret = system(@_);
634 if ($ret & 0x007f) { die("Command terminated by a signal"); }
635 if ($ret & 0xff00) {die("Command exit with non-zero exit code"); }
636 if ($ret) { die("Command failure $ret"); }
641 $str =~ s/^\s+|\s+$//g;
647 if (exists $variables->{WVDESC}) {
648 print STDERR "Testing \"$variables->{WVDESC}\" in $last_fn:\n";
649 } elsif ($last_fn =~ /\.wv$/) {
650 print STDERR "Testing \"all\" in $last_fn:\n";
653 ## Connect to the target and check whether it is not occupied
655 # We have to do this before file generation phase, because file
656 # generation is intermixed with file deployment phase and we want to
657 # check whether the target is not used by somebody else before
658 # deploying files. Otherwise, we may rewrite other user's files on a
661 my $exp; # Expect object to communicate with the target over serial line
663 my ($amt_user, $amt_password, $amt_host, $amt_port);
665 if (defined $iprelay || defined $iprelay_cmd) {
666 if (defined $iprelay) {
668 $iprelay =~ /([.0-9]+)(:([0-9]+))?/;
671 my $paddr = sockaddr_in($port, inet_aton($addr));
672 my $proto = getprotobyname('tcp');
673 socket($IPRELAY, PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, $proto) || die "socket: $!";
674 print STDERR "novaboot: Connecting to IP relay... ";
675 connect($IPRELAY, $paddr) || die "connect: $!";
676 print STDERR "done\n";
677 $exp = Expect->init(\*$IPRELAY);
680 if (defined $iprelay_cmd) {
681 print STDERR "novaboot: Running: $iprelay_cmd\n";
684 $exp->spawn($iprelay_cmd);
688 print $exp "\xFF\xF6"; # AYT
689 my $connected = $exp->expect(20, # Timeout in seconds
690 '<iprelayd: connected>',
691 '-re', '<WEB51 HW[^>]*>')
692 || die "iprelay connection: " . ($! || "timeout");
697 my ($relay, $onoff) = @_;
698 die unless ($relay == 1 || $relay == 2);
700 my $cmd = ($relay == 1 ? 0x5 : 0x6) | ($onoff ? 0x20 : 0x10);
701 return "\xFF\xFA\x2C\x32".chr($cmd)."\xFF\xF0";
705 my ($relay, $onoff) = @_;
706 die unless ($relay == 1 || $relay == 2);
707 my $cmd = ($relay == 1 ? 0xdf : 0xbf) | ($onoff ? 0x00 : 0xff);
708 return "\xFF\xFA\x2C\x97".chr($cmd)."\xFF\xF0";
712 my ($relay, $onoff, $can_giveup) = @_;
713 my $confirmation = '';
715 print $exp relaycmd($relay, $onoff);
716 my $confirmed = $exp->expect(20, # Timeout in seconds
717 relayconf($relay, $onoff))
718 || die "iprelay command: " . ($! || "timeout");
721 print("Relay confirmation timeout - ignoring\n");
723 die "Relay confirmation timeout";
729 $target_reset = sub {
730 relay(2, 1, 1); # Reset the machine
735 $target_power_off = sub {
736 relay(1, 1); # Press power button
737 usleep(6000000); # Long press to switch off
741 $target_power_on = sub {
742 relay(1, 1); # Press power button
743 usleep(100000); # Short press
749 system_verbose("stty -F $serial $stty");
750 open($CONN, "+<", $serial) || die "open $serial: $!";
751 $exp = Expect->init(\*$CONN);
753 elsif (@remote_cmd) {
754 print STDERR "novaboot: Running: ".shell_cmd_string(@remote_cmd)."\n";
755 $exp = Expect->spawn(@remote_cmd);
757 elsif (defined $amt) {
758 require LWP::UserAgent;
759 require LWP::Authen::Digest;
762 my ($host, $username, $password, $schema, $className, $pstate) = @_;
763 #AMT numbers for PowerStateChange (MNI => bluescreen on windows;-)
764 my %pstates = ("on" => 2,
771 <s:Envelope xmlns:s="http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope" xmlns:a="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2004/08/addressing" xmlns:w="http://schemas.dmtf.org/wbem/wsman/1/wsman.xsd">
772 <s:Header><a:To>http://$host:16992/wsman</a:To>
773 <w:ResourceURI s:mustUnderstand="true">$schema</w:ResourceURI>
774 <a:ReplyTo><a:Address s:mustUnderstand="true">http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2004/08/addressing/role/anonymous</a:Address></a:ReplyTo>
775 <a:Action s:mustUnderstand="true">$schema$className</a:Action>
776 <w:MaxEnvelopeSize s:mustUnderstand="true">153600</w:MaxEnvelopeSize>
777 <a:MessageID>uuid:709072C9-609C-4B43-B301-075004043C7C</a:MessageID>
778 <w:Locale xml:lang="en-US" s:mustUnderstand="false" />
779 <w:OperationTimeout>PT60.000S</w:OperationTimeout>
780 <w:SelectorSet><w:Selector Name="Name">Intel(r) AMT Power Management Service</w:Selector></w:SelectorSet>
782 <p:RequestPowerStateChange_INPUT xmlns:p="http://schemas.dmtf.org/wbem/wscim/1/cim-schema/2/CIM_PowerManagementService">
783 <p:PowerState>$pstates{$pstate}</p:PowerState>
784 <p:ManagedElement><a:Address>http://$host:16992/wsman</a:Address>
785 <a:ReferenceParameters><w:ResourceURI>http://schemas.dmtf.org/wbem/wscim/1/cim-schema/2/CIM_ComputerSystem</w:ResourceURI>
786 <w:SelectorSet><w:Selector Name="Name">ManagedSystem</w:Selector></w:SelectorSet>
787 </a:ReferenceParameters></p:ManagedElement>
788 </p:RequestPowerStateChange_INPUT>
789 </s:Body></s:Envelope>
794 my ($host, $username, $password, $content) = @_;
796 my $ua = LWP::UserAgent->new();
797 $ua->agent("novaboot");
799 my $req = HTTP::Request->new(POST => "http://$host:16992/wsman");
800 my $res = $ua->request($req);
801 die ("Unexpected AMT response: " . $res->status_line) unless $res->code == 401;
803 my ($realm) = $res->header("WWW-Authenticate") =~ /Digest realm="(.*?)"/;
804 $ua->credentials("$host:16992", $realm, $username => $password);
807 $req = HTTP::Request->new(POST => "http://$host:16992/wsman");
808 $req->content_type('application/x-www-form-urlencoded');
809 $req->content($content);
810 $res = $ua->request($req);
811 die ("AMT power change request failed: " . $res->status_line) unless $res->is_success;
812 $res->content() =~ /<g:ReturnValue>(\d+)<\/g:ReturnValue>/;
817 my ($host, $username, $password, $pstate)=@_;
818 my $schema="http://schemas.dmtf.org/wbem/wscim/1/cim-schema/2/CIM_PowerManagementService";
819 my $className="/RequestPowerStateChange";
820 my $content = genXML($host, $username, $password ,$schema, $className, $pstate);
821 return sendPOST($host, $username, $password, $content);
824 ($amt_user,$amt_password,$amt_host,$amt_port) = ($amt =~ /(?:(.*?)(?::(.*))?@)?([^:]*)(?::([0-9]*))?/);;
825 $amt_user ||= "admin";
826 $amt_password ||= $ENV{'AMT_PASSWORD'} || die "AMT password not specified";
827 $amt_host || die "AMT host not specified";
831 $target_power_off = sub {
833 my $result = powerChange($amt_host,$amt_user,$amt_password, "off");
834 die "AMT power off failed (ReturnValue $result)" if $result != 0;
837 $target_power_on = sub {
838 my $result = powerChange($amt_host,$amt_user,$amt_password, "on");
839 die "AMT power on failed (ReturnValue $result)" if $result != 0;
842 $target_reset = sub {
843 my $result = powerChange($amt_host,$amt_user,$amt_password, "reset");
845 print STDERR "Warning: Cannot reset $amt_host, trying power on. ";
846 $result = powerChange($amt_host,$amt_user,$amt_password, "on");
848 die "AMT reset failed (ReturnValue $result)" if $result != 0;
851 my $cmd = "amtterm -u $amt_user -p $amt_password $amt_host $amt_port";
852 print STDERR "novaboot: Running: $cmd\n" =~ s/\Q$amt_password\E/???/r;
853 $exp = Expect->spawn($cmd);
854 $exp->expect(10, "RUN_SOL") || die "Expect for 'RUN_SOL': " . ($! || "timeout");
858 if ($remote_expect) {
859 $exp || die("No serial line connection");
860 my $log = $exp->log_stdout;
861 if (defined $remote_expect_silent) {
864 $exp->expect($remote_expect_timeout >= 0 ? $remote_expect_timeout : undef,
865 $remote_expect) || die "Expect for '$remote_expect':" . ($! || "timeout");;
866 if (defined $remote_expect_silent) {
867 $exp->log_stdout($log);
868 print $exp->after() if $log;
873 $target_reset = sub {
874 system_verbose(@reset_cmd);
878 if (defined $reset_send) {
879 $target_reset = sub {
880 $reset_send =~ s/\\n/\n/g;
881 $exp->send($reset_send);
885 if (defined $on_opt && defined $target_power_on) {
889 if (defined $off_opt && defined $target_power_off) {
890 print STDERR "novaboot: Switching the target off...\n";
891 &$target_power_off();
895 $builddir ||= dirname(File::Spec->rel2abs( ${$scripts[0]}{filename})) if scalar @scripts;
896 if (defined $builddir) {
897 chdir($builddir) or die "Can't change directory to $builddir: $!";
898 print STDERR "novaboot: Entering directory `$builddir'\n";
900 $builddir = $invocation_dir;
903 ## File generation phase
904 my (%files_iso, $menu_iso, $filename);
905 my $config_name = '';
908 foreach my $script (@scripts) {
909 $filename = $$script{filename};
910 $modules = $$script{modules};
911 $generated = $$script{generated};
912 $variables = $$script{variables};
914 ($config_name = $filename) =~ s#.*/##;
915 $config_name = $config_name_opt if (defined $config_name_opt);
917 if (exists $variables->{BUILDDIR}) {
918 $builddir = File::Spec->rel2abs($variables->{BUILDDIR});
919 chdir($builddir) or die "Can't change directory to $builddir: $!";
920 print STDERR "novaboot: Entering directory `$builddir'\n";
924 $prefix = $grub_prefix;
925 $prefix =~ s/\$NAME/$config_name/;
926 $prefix =~ s/\$BUILDDIR/$builddir/;
928 # TODO: use $grub_prefix as first parameter if some switch is given
929 generate_configs('', $generated, $filename);
931 ### Generate bootloader configuration files
932 my @bootloader_configs;
933 push @bootloader_configs, generate_grub_config($grub_config, $config_name, $prefix, $modules, $grub_preamble) if (defined $grub_config);
934 push @bootloader_configs, generate_grub2_config($grub2_config, $config_name, $prefix, $modules, $grub_preamble, $grub2_prolog) if (defined $grub2_config);
935 push @bootloader_configs, generate_pulsar_config('config-'.($pulsar||'novaboot'), $modules, $chainload) if (defined $pulsar);
937 ### Run scons or make
940 push @all, @$modules;
942 push @all, @$chainload;
943 my @files = map({ ($file) = m/([^ ]*)/; $file; } @all);
945 # Filter-out generated files
946 my @to_build = grep({ my $file = $_; !scalar(grep($file eq ($$_{filename} || ''), @$generated)) } @files);
948 system_verbose($scons || $CFG::scons." ".join(" ", @to_build)) if (defined $scons);
949 system_verbose($make || $CFG::make ." ".join(" ", @to_build)) if (defined $make);
952 ### Copy files (using rsync)
953 if (defined $server && !defined($gen_only)) {
954 (my $real_server = $server) =~ s/\$NAME/$config_name/;
956 my ($hostname, $path) = split(":", $real_server, 2);
957 if (! defined $path) {
961 my $files = join(" ", map({ ($file) = m/([^ ]*)/; $file; } ( @$modules, @bootloader_configs, @$copy)));
962 map({ my $file = (split)[0]; die "$file: $!" if ! -f $file; } @$modules);
963 my $istty = -t STDOUT && ($ENV{'TERM'} || 'dumb') ne 'dumb';
964 my $progress = $istty ? "--progress" : "";
966 system_verbose("rsync $progress -RLp $rsync_flags $files $real_server");
967 if ($server =~ m|/\$NAME$| && $concat) {
968 my $cmd = join("; ", map { "( cd $path/.. && cat */$_ > $_ )" } @bootloader_configs);
969 system_verbose($hostname ? "ssh $hostname '$cmd'" : $cmd);
974 ### Prepare ISO image generation
975 if (defined $iso_image) {
976 generate_configs("(cd)", $generated, $filename);
978 generate_syslinux_config(\$menu, $config_name, "/", $modules);
979 $menu_iso .= "$menu\n";
980 map { ($file,undef) = split; $files_iso{$file} = 1; } @$modules;
984 ## Generate ISO image
985 if (defined $iso_image) {
986 system_verbose("mkdir -p isolinux");
989 if (-f '/usr/lib/ISOLINUX/isolinux.bin') {
990 # Newer ISOLINUX version
991 @files = qw(/usr/lib/ISOLINUX/isolinux.bin /usr/lib/syslinux/modules/bios/mboot.c32 /usr/lib/syslinux/modules/bios/libcom32.c32 /usr/lib/syslinux/modules/bios/menu.c32 /usr/lib/syslinux/modules/bios/ldlinux.c32);
993 # Older ISOLINUX version
994 @files = qw(/usr/lib/syslinux/isolinux.bin /usr/lib/syslinux/mboot.c32 /usr/lib/syslinux/menu.c32);
996 system_verbose("cp @files isolinux");
997 open(my $fh, ">isolinux/isolinux.cfg");
999 print $fh "TIMEOUT 50\n";
1000 print $fh "DEFAULT menu\n";
1002 print $fh "DEFAULT $config_name\n";
1004 print $fh "$menu_iso";
1007 my $files = join(" ", map("$_=$_", (keys(%files_iso), 'isolinux/isolinux.cfg', map(s|.*/|isolinux/|r, @files))));
1008 $iso_image ||= "$config_name.iso";
1010 # Note: We use -U flag below to "Allow 'untranslated' filenames,
1011 # completely violating the ISO9660 standards". Without this
1012 # option, isolinux is not able to read files names for example
1014 system_verbose("$CFG::genisoimage -R -b isolinux/isolinux.bin -c isolinux/boot.cat -no-emul-boot -boot-load-size 4 -boot-info-table -hide-rr-moved -U -o $iso_image -graft-points $files");
1015 print("ISO image created: $builddir/$iso_image\n");
1018 exit(0) if defined $gen_only;
1020 ## Boot the system using various methods and send serial output to stdout
1022 if (scalar(@scripts) > 1 && ( defined $dhcp_tftp || defined $serial || defined $iprelay)) {
1023 die "You cannot do this with multiple scripts simultaneously";
1026 if ($variables->{WVTEST_TIMEOUT}) {
1027 print STDERR "wvtest: timeout ", $variables->{WVTEST_TIMEOUT}, "\n";
1032 if (defined $qemu) {
1034 $qemu ||= $variables->{QEMU} || $CFG::qemu;
1035 my @qemu_flags = split(" ", $qemu);
1036 $qemu = shift(@qemu_flags);
1038 @qemu_flags = split(/ +/, trim($variables->{QEMU_FLAGS})) if exists $variables->{QEMU_FLAGS};
1039 @qemu_flags = split(/ +/, trim($qemu_flags_cmd)) if $qemu_flags_cmd;
1040 push(@qemu_flags, split(/ +/, trim($qemu_append || '')));
1042 if (defined $iso_image) {
1043 # Boot NOVA with grub (and test the iso image)
1044 push(@qemu_flags, ('-cdrom', $iso_image));
1046 # Boot NOVA without GRUB
1048 # Non-patched qemu doesn't like commas, but NUL can live with pluses instead of commans
1049 foreach (@$modules) {s/,/+/g;}
1050 generate_configs("", $generated, $filename);
1052 if (scalar @$modules) {
1053 my ($kbin, $kcmd) = split(' ', shift(@$modules), 2);
1054 $kcmd = '' if !defined $kcmd;
1056 @$modules = map { if (/\.dtb$/) { $dtb=$_; (); } else { $_ } } @$modules;
1057 my $initrd = join ",", @$modules;
1059 push(@qemu_flags, ('-kernel', $kbin, '-append', $kcmd));
1060 push(@qemu_flags, ('-initrd', $initrd)) if $initrd;
1061 push(@qemu_flags, ('-dtb', $dtb)) if $dtb;
1064 if (!grep /^-serial$/, @qemu_flags) {
1065 push(@qemu_flags, qw(-serial stdio)); # Redirect serial output (for collecting test restuls)
1067 unshift(@qemu_flags, ('-name', $config_name));
1068 print STDERR "novaboot: Running: ".shell_cmd_string($qemu, @qemu_flags)."\n";
1069 $exp = Expect->spawn(($qemu, @qemu_flags)) || die("exec() failed: $!");
1072 ### Local DHCPD and TFTPD
1074 my ($dhcpd_pid, $tftpd_pid);
1076 $tftp=1 if $tftp_port;
1078 if (defined $dhcp_tftp)
1080 generate_configs("(nd)", $generated, $filename);
1081 system_verbose('mkdir -p tftpboot');
1082 generate_grub_config("tftpboot/os-menu.lst", $config_name, "(nd)", \@$modules, "timeout 0");
1083 open(my $fh, '>', 'dhcpd.conf');
1084 my $mac = `cat /sys/class/net/$netif/address`;
1086 print $fh "subnet 10.23.23.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
1087 range 10.23.23.10 10.23.23.100;
1088 filename \"bin/boot/grub/pxegrub.pxe\";
1089 next-server 10.23.23.1;
1092 hardware ethernet $mac;
1093 fixed-address 10.23.23.1;
1096 system_verbose("sudo ip a add 10.23.23.1/24 dev $netif;
1097 sudo ip l set dev $netif up;
1098 sudo touch dhcpd.leases");
1100 # We run servers by forking ourselves, because the servers end up
1101 # in our process group and get killed by signals sent to the
1102 # process group (e.g. Ctrl-C on terminal).
1103 $dhcpd_pid = fork();
1104 exec_verbose("sudo dhcpd -d -cf dhcpd.conf -lf dhcpd.leases -pf dhcpd.pid") if ($dhcpd_pid == 0);
1107 if (defined $dhcp_tftp || defined $tftp) {
1109 # Unfortunately, tftpd requires root privileges even with
1110 # non-privileged (>1023) port due to initgroups().
1111 system_verbose("sudo in.tftpd --listen --secure -v -v -v --pidfile tftpd.pid --address :$tftp_port $builddir");
1113 # Kill server when we die
1114 $SIG{__DIE__} = sub { system_verbose('sudo pkill --pidfile=dhcpd.pid') if (defined $dhcp_tftp);
1115 system_verbose('sudo pkill --pidfile=tftpd.pid'); };
1117 # We have to kill tftpd explicitely, because it is not in our process group
1118 $SIG{INT} = sub { system_verbose('sudo pkill --pidfile=tftpd.pid'); exit(0); };
1122 if (defined $ider) {
1123 my $ider_cmd= "amtider -c $iso_image -u $amt_user -p $amt_password $amt_host $amt_port" ;
1124 print STDERR "novaboot: Running: $ider_cmd\n" =~ s/\Q$amt_password\E/???/r;
1125 my $ider_pid = fork();
1126 if ($ider_pid == 0) {
1128 die "IDE redirection failed";
1130 # FIXME: This collides with --tftp option. Hopefully, nobody needs
1131 # to use both simultaneously.
1132 $SIG{__DIE__} = sub { system_verbose('kill $ider_pid'); };
1135 ### Reset target (IP relay, AMT, ...)
1137 if (defined $target_reset && $reset) {
1138 print STDERR "novaboot: Reseting the test box... ";
1140 print STDERR "done\n";
1142 # We don't want to output anything printed by the target
1143 # before reset so we clear the buffers now. This is, however,
1144 # not ideal because we may loose some data that were sent
1145 # after the reset. If this is a problem, one should reset and
1146 # connect to serial line in atomic manner. For example, if
1147 # supported by hardware, use --remote-cmd 'sterm -d ...' and
1148 # do not use separate --reset-cmd.
1149 my $log = $exp->log_stdout;
1150 $exp->log_stdout(0);
1151 $exp->expect(0); # Read data from target
1152 $exp->clear_accum(); # Clear the read data
1153 $exp->log_stdout($log);
1157 ### U-boot conversation
1158 if (defined $uboot) {
1159 my $uboot_prompt = $uboot || '=> ';
1160 print STDERR "novaboot: Waiting for U-Boot prompt...\n";
1161 $exp || die("No serial line connection");
1162 $exp->log_stdout(1);
1163 #$exp->exp_internal(1);
1165 [qr/Hit any key to stop autoboot:/, sub { $exp->send("\n"); exp_continue; }],
1166 $uboot_prompt) || die "No U-Boot prompt deteceted";
1167 foreach my $cmdspec (@uboot_init) {
1168 my ($cmd, $timeout);
1169 die "Internal error - please report a bug" unless ref($cmdspec) eq "HASH";
1171 if ($cmdspec->{system}) {
1172 $cmd = `$cmdspec->{system}`;
1174 $cmd = $cmdspec->{command};
1176 $timeout = $cmdspec->{timeout} // 10;
1178 if ($cmd =~ /\$NB_MYIP/) {
1179 my $ip = (grep /inet /, `ip addr show $netif`)[0] || die "Problem determining IP address of $netif";
1180 $ip =~ s/\s*inet ([0-9.]*).*/$1/;
1181 $cmd =~ s/\$NB_MYIP/$ip/g;
1183 if ($cmd =~ /\$NB_PREFIX/) {
1186 $cmd =~ s/\$NB_PREFIX/$p/g;
1189 $exp->send("$cmd\n");
1191 my ($matched_pattern_position, $error,
1192 $successfully_matching_string,
1193 $before_match, $after_match) =
1194 $exp->expect($timeout, $uboot_prompt);
1195 die "No U-Boot prompt: $error" if $error;
1197 if ($cmdspec->{dest}) {
1198 open(my $fh, ">", $cmdspec->{dest}) or die "Cannot open '$cmdspec->{dest}': $!";
1199 print $fh $before_match;
1204 # Load files if there are some load lines in the script
1205 if (scalar(@$modules) > 0 && !$variables->{NO_BOOT}) {
1206 my ($kbin, $kcmd) = split(' ', shift(@$modules), 2);
1208 @$modules = map { if (/\.dtb$/) { $dtb=$_; (); } else { $_ } } @$modules;
1209 my $initrd = shift @$modules;
1211 if (defined $kbin) {
1212 die "No '--uboot-addr kernel' given" unless $uboot_addr{kernel};
1213 $exp->send("tftpboot $uboot_addr{kernel} $prefix$kbin\n");
1215 [qr/##/, sub { exp_continue; }],
1216 $uboot_prompt) || die "Kernel load: " . ($! || "timeout");
1219 die "No '--uboot-addr fdt' given" unless $uboot_addr{fdt};
1220 $exp->send("tftpboot $uboot_addr{fdt} $prefix$dtb\n");
1222 [qr/##/, sub { exp_continue; }],
1223 $uboot_prompt) || die "Device tree load: " . ($! || "timeout");
1225 $uboot_addr{fdt} = '';
1227 if (defined $initrd) {
1228 die "No '--uboot-addr ramdisk' given" unless $uboot_addr{ramdisk};
1229 $exp->send("tftpboot $uboot_addr{ramdisk} $prefix$initrd\n");
1231 [qr/##/, sub { exp_continue; }],
1232 $uboot_prompt) || die "Initrd load: " . ($! || "timeout");
1234 $uboot_addr{ramdisk} = '-';
1238 $exp->send("setenv bootargs $kcmd\n");
1239 $exp->expect(5, $uboot_prompt) || die "U-Boot prompt: " . ($! || "timeout");
1242 $uboot_cmd //= $variables->{UBOOT_CMD} // 'bootm $kernel_addr $ramdisk_addr $fdt_addr';
1243 if (!$variables->{NO_BOOT} && $uboot_cmd ne '') {
1244 $uboot_cmd =~ s/\$kernel_addr/$uboot_addr{kernel}/g;
1245 $uboot_cmd =~ s/\$ramdisk_addr/$uboot_addr{ramdisk}/g;
1246 $uboot_cmd =~ s/\$fdt_addr/$uboot_addr{fdt}/g;
1248 $exp->send($uboot_cmd . "\n");
1249 $exp->expect(5, "\n") || die "U-Boot command: " . ($! || "timeout");
1253 ### Serial line interaction
1254 if ($interaction && defined $exp) {
1255 # Serial line of the target is available
1256 my $interrupt = 'Ctrl-C';
1257 if ($interactive && !@exiton) {
1258 $interrupt = '"~~."';
1260 print STDERR "novaboot: Serial line interaction (press $interrupt to interrupt)...\n";
1261 $exp->log_stdout(1);
1263 $exp->expect($exiton_timeout, @expect_raw, @exiton) || die("exiton: " . ($! || "timeout"));
1265 my @inputs = ($exp);
1266 my $infile = new IO::File;
1267 $infile->IO::File::fdopen(*STDIN,'r');
1268 my $in_object = Expect->exp_init($infile);
1269 $in_object->set_group($exp);
1272 $in_object->set_seq('~~\.', sub { print STDERR "novaboot: Escape sequence detected\r\n"; undef; });
1273 $in_object->manual_stty(0); # Use raw terminal mode
1275 $in_object->manual_stty(1); # Do not modify terminal settings
1277 push(@inputs, $in_object);
1279 #print Dumper(\@expect_raw);
1280 $exp->expect(undef, @expect_raw) if @expect_raw;
1282 $^W = 0; # Suppress Expect warning: handle id(3) is not a tty. Not changing mode at /usr/share/perl5/Expect.pm line 393, <> line 8.
1283 Expect::interconnect(@inputs) unless defined($exp->exitstatus);
1288 ## Kill dhcpc or tftpd
1289 if (defined $dhcp_tftp || defined $tftp) {
1290 die("novaboot: This should kill servers on background\n");
1293 # Always finish novaboot output with newline
1294 print "\n" if $final_eol;
1301 novaboot - Boots a locally compiled operating system on a remote
1308 B<novaboot> [option]... [--] script...
1310 B<./script> [option]...
1314 Novaboot makes booting of a locally compiled operating system (OS)
1315 (e.g. NOVA or Linux) on remote targets as simple as running a program
1316 locally. It automates things like copying OS images to a TFTP server,
1317 generation of bootloader configuration files, resetting of target
1318 hardware or redirection of target's serial line to stdin/out. Novaboot
1319 is highly configurable and makes it easy to boot a single image on
1320 different targets or different images on a single target.
1322 Novaboot operation is controlled by configuration files, command line
1323 options and by a so-called novaboot script, which can be thought as a
1324 generalization of bootloader configuration files (see L</"NOVABOOT
1325 SCRIPT SYNTAX">). The typical way of using novaboot is to make the
1326 novaboot script executable and set its first line to I<#!/usr/bin/env
1327 novaboot>. Then, booting a particular OS configuration becomes the
1328 same as executing a local program – the novaboot script.
1330 Novaboot uses configuration files to, among other things, define
1331 command line options needed for different targets. Users typically use
1332 only the B<-t>/B<--target> command line option to select the target.
1333 Internally, this option expands to the pre-configured options.
1334 Novaboot searches configuration files at multiple places, which allows
1335 having per-system, per-user or per-project configurations.
1336 Configuration file syntax is described in section L</"CONFIGURATION
1339 Simple examples of using C<novaboot>:
1345 Running an OS in Qemu can be accomplished by giving the B<--qemu> option.
1348 novaboot --qemu myos
1350 (or C<./myos --qemu> as described above) will run Qemu and make it
1351 boot the configuration specified in the F<myos> script.
1355 Create a bootloader configuration file (currently supported
1356 bootloaders are GRUB, GRUB2, ISOLINUX, Pulsar, and U-Boot) and copy it
1357 with all other files needed for booting to a remote boot server. Then
1358 use a TCP/IP-controlled relay/serial-to-TCP converter to reset the
1359 target and receive its serial output.
1361 ./myos --grub2 --server=192.168.1.1:/tftp --iprelay=192.168.1.2
1363 Alternatively, you can put these switches to the configuration file
1366 ./myos --target mytarget
1370 Run DHCP and TFTP server on developer's machine to boot the target
1375 This usage is useful when no network infrastructure is in place, and
1376 the target is connected directly to developer's box.
1380 Create bootable ISO image.
1382 novaboot --iso -- script1 script2
1384 The created ISO image will have ISOLINUX bootloader installed on it,
1385 and the boot menu will allow selecting between I<script1> and
1386 I<script2> configurations.
1390 =head1 PHASES AND OPTIONS
1392 Novaboot performs its work in several phases. Command like options
1393 described bellow influence the execution of each phase or allow their
1394 skipping. The list of phases (in the execution order) is as follows.
1398 =item 1. L<Configuration reading|/Configuration reading phase>
1400 =item 2. L<Command line processing|/Command line processing phase>
1402 =item 3. L<Script preprocessing|/Script preprocessing phase>
1404 =item 4. L<File generation|/File generation phase>
1406 =item 5. L<Target connection|/Target connection check>
1408 =item 6. L<File deployment|/File deployment phase>
1410 =item 7. L<Target power-on and reset|/Target power-on and reset phase>
1412 =item 8. L<Interaction with the bootloader|/Interaction with the bootloader on the target>
1414 =item 9. L<Target interaction|/Target interaction phase>
1418 Each phase is described in the following sections together with the
1419 command line options that control it.
1421 =head2 Configuration reading phase
1423 After starting, novaboot reads zero or more configuration files. We
1424 describe their content in section L</"CONFIGURATION FILES">. By default, the
1425 configuration is read from multiple locations. First from the system
1426 configuration directory (F</etc/novaboot.d/>), second from the user
1427 configuration file (F<~/.config/novaboot>) and third from F<.novaboot>
1428 files along the path to the current directory. Alternatively, a single
1429 configuration file specified with the B<-c> switch or with the
1430 C<NOVABOOT_CONFIG> environment variable is read. The latter read files
1431 override settings from the former ones.
1433 The system configuration directory is determined by the content of
1434 NOVABOOT_CONFIG_DIR environment variable and defaults to
1435 F</etc/novaboot.d>. Files in this directory with names consisting
1436 solely of English letters, numbers, dashes '-' and underscores '_'
1437 (note that dot '.' is not included) are read in alphabetical order.
1439 Then, the user configuration file is read from
1440 F<$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/novaboot>. If C<$XDG_CONFIG_HOME> environment
1441 variable is not set F<~/.config/novaboot> is read instead.
1443 Finally, novaboot searches for files named F<.novaboot> starting from the
1444 directory of the novaboot script (or working directory, see bellow)
1445 and continuing upwards up to the root directory. The found
1446 configuration files are then read in the opposite order (i.e. from the
1447 root directory downwards). This ordering allows having, for example, a project
1448 specific configuration in F<~/project/.novaboot>.
1450 Note the difference between F<~/.config/novaboot> and F<~/.novaboot>.
1451 The former one is always read, whereas the latter only when novaboot
1452 script or working directory is under the C<$HOME> directory.
1454 In certain cases, the location of the novaboot script cannot be
1455 determined in this early phase. This situation happens either when the script is
1456 read from the standard input or when novaboot is invoked explicitly as
1457 in the example L</"4."> above. In this case, the current working
1458 directory is used as a starting point for configuration file search
1459 instead of the novaboot script directory.
1463 =item -c, --config=I<filename>
1465 Use the specified configuration file instead of the default one(s).
1469 =head2 Command line processing phase
1475 Dump the current configuration to stdout end exit. Useful as an
1476 initial template for a configuration file.
1480 Print short (B<-h>) or long (B<--help>) help.
1482 =item -t, --target=I<target>
1484 This option serves as a user configurable shortcut for other novaboot
1485 options. The effect of this option is the same as specifying the
1486 options stored in the C<%targets> configuration variable under key
1487 I<target>. See also L</"CONFIGURATION FILES">.
1489 When this option is not given, novaboot tries to determine the target
1490 to use from either B<NOVABOOT_TARGET> environment variable or
1491 B<$default_target> configuration file variable.
1493 =item --ssh=I<user@hostname>
1495 Configures novaboot to control the target via C<novaboot-shell>
1496 running remotely via SSH.
1498 Using this option is the same as specifying B<--remote-cmd>,
1499 B<--remote-expect>, B<--server> B<--rsync-flags>, B<--prefix> and
1500 B<--reset-cmd> manually in a way compatible with C<novaboot-shell>.
1501 The server can be configured to provide other, safe bootloader-related
1502 options, to the client. When this happens, novaboot prints them to
1505 Currently, this in an initial experimental implementation. We plan to
1506 change/extend this feature soon!
1510 =head2 Script preprocessing phase
1512 This phase allows modifying the parsed novaboot script before it is
1513 used in the later phases.
1517 =item -a, --append=I<parameters>
1519 Append a string to the first C<load> line in the novaboot script. This option
1520 can be used to append parameters to the kernel's or root task's
1521 command line. This option can appear multiple times.
1525 Use L<Bender|https://github.com/TUD-OS/morbo/blob/master/standalone/bender.c>
1526 chainloader. Bender scans the PCI bus for PCI serial ports and stores
1527 the information about them in the BIOS data area for use by the
1530 =item --chainloader=I<chainloader>
1532 Specifies a chainloader that is loaded before the kernel and other
1533 files specified in the novaboot script. E.g. 'bin/boot/bender
1538 Print the modules to boot and their parameters, after this phase
1539 finishes. Then exit. This is useful for seeing the effect of other
1540 options in this section.
1542 =item -k, --kernel=F<file>
1544 Replace the first word on the first C<load> line in the novaboot
1545 script with F<file>.
1547 =item --scriptmod=I<Perl expression>
1549 When novaboot reads the script, I<Perl expression> is executed for every
1550 line (in $_ variable). For example, C<novaboot
1551 --scriptmod=s/sigma0/omega6/g> replaces every occurrence of I<sigma0>
1552 in the script with I<omega6>.
1554 When this option is present, it overrides I<$script_modifier> variable
1555 from the configuration file, which has the same effect. If this option
1556 is given multiple times all expressions are evaluated in the command
1561 =head2 File generation phase
1563 In this phase, files needed for booting are generated in a so-called
1564 I<build directory> (see L</--build-dir>). In most cases configuration
1565 for a bootloader is generated automatically by novaboot. It is also
1566 possible to generate other files using I<heredoc> or I<"<"> syntax in
1567 novaboot scripts. Finally, novaboot can generate binaries in this phases by
1568 running C<scons> or C<make>.
1572 =item --build-dir=I<directory>
1574 Overrides the default build directory location.
1576 The default build directory location is determined as follows: If the
1577 configuration file defines the C<$builddir> variable, its value is
1578 used. Otherwise, it is the directory that contains the first processed
1581 See also L</BUILDDIR> variable.
1583 =item -g, --grub[=I<filename>]
1585 Generates grub bootloader menu file. If the I<filename> is not
1586 specified, F<menu.lst> is used. The I<filename> is relative to the
1587 build directory (see B<--build-dir>).
1589 =item --grub-preamble=I<prefix>
1591 Specifies the I<preamble> that is at the beginning of the generated
1592 GRUB or GRUB2 config files. This is useful for specifying GRUB's
1595 =item --prefix=I<prefix>
1597 Specifies I<prefix> (e.g. F</srv/tftp>) that is put in front of every
1598 filename in generated bootloader configuration files (or in U-Boot
1601 If the I<prefix> contains string $NAME, it will be replaced with the
1602 name of the novaboot script (see also B<--name>).
1604 If the I<prefix> contains string $BUILDDIR, it will be replaced with
1605 the build directory (see also B<--build-dir>).
1609 Alias for B<--prefix>.
1611 =item --grub2[=I<filename>]
1613 Generate GRUB2 menu entry in I<filename>. If I<filename> is not
1614 specified F<grub.cfg> is used. The content of the menu entry can be
1615 customized with B<--grub-preamble>, B<--grub2-prolog> or
1616 B<--grub_prefix> options.
1618 To use the generated menu entry on your development
1619 machine that uses GRUB2, append the following snippet to
1620 F</etc/grub.d/40_custom> file and regenerate your grub configuration,
1621 i.e. run update-grub on Debian/Ubuntu.
1623 if [ -f /path/to/nul/build/grub.cfg ]; then
1624 source /path/to/nul/build/grub.cfg
1627 =item --grub2-prolog=I<prolog>
1629 Specifies the text that novaboot puts at the beginning of the GRUB2 menu entry.
1631 =item -m, --make[=make command]
1633 Runs C<make> to build files that are not generated by novaboot itself.
1635 =item --name=I<string>
1637 Use the name I<string> instead of the name of the novaboot script.
1638 This name is used for things like a title of grub menu or for the
1639 server directory where the boot files are copied to.
1643 Do not run external commands to generate files (i.e. "<" syntax and
1644 C<run> keyword). This switch does not influence the generation of files
1645 specified with "<<WORD" syntax.
1647 =item -p, --pulsar[=mac]
1649 Generates pulsar bootloader configuration file named F<config-I<mac>>
1650 The I<mac> string is typically a MAC address and defaults to
1653 =item --scons[=scons command]
1655 Runs C<scons> to build files that are not generated by novaboot
1660 Strip I<rom://> prefix from command lines and generated config files.
1661 The I<rom://> prefix is used by NUL. For NRE, it has to be stripped.
1665 Exit novaboot after file generation phase.
1669 =head2 Target connection check
1671 In this phase novaboot connects to target's serial port (if it has
1672 one). If another novaboot user/instance occupies the target, novaboot
1673 exits here with an error message.
1677 =item --amt=I<"[user[:password]@]host[:port]>
1679 Use Intel AMT technology to control the target machine. WS management
1680 is used to powercycle it and Serial-Over-Lan (SOL) for input/output.
1681 The hostname or (IP address) is given by the I<host> parameter. If the
1682 I<password> is not specified, environment variable AMT_PASSWORD is
1683 used. The I<port> specifies a TCP port for SOL. If not specified, the
1684 default is 16992. The default I<user> is admin.
1686 =item --iprelay=I<addr[:port]>
1688 Use TCP/IP relay and serial port to access the target's serial port
1689 and powercycle it. The I<addr> parameter specifies the IP address of
1690 the relay. If I<port> is not specified, it defaults to 23.
1692 Note: This option is supposed to work with HWG-ER02a IP relays.
1694 =item --iprelay-cmd=I<command>
1696 Similar to B<--iprelay> but uses I<command> to talk to the iprelay
1697 rather than direct network connection.
1699 =item -s, --serial[=device]
1701 Target's serial line is connected to host's serial line (device). The
1702 default value for device is F</dev/ttyUSB0>.
1704 The value of this option is exported in NB_NOVABOOT environment
1705 variable to all subprocesses run by C<novaboot>.
1707 =item --stty=I<settings>
1709 Specifies settings passed to C<stty> invoked on the serial line
1710 specified with B<--serial> option. If this option is not given,
1711 C<stty> is called with C<raw -crtscts -onlcr 115200> settings.
1713 =item --remote-cmd=I<cmd>
1715 Command that mediates connection to the target's serial line. For
1716 example C<ssh server 'cu -l /dev/ttyS0'>.
1718 =item --remote-expect=I<string>
1720 Wait for reception of I<string> after establishing the remote
1721 connection. This option is needed when novaboot should wait for
1722 confirmation before deploying files to the target, e.g. to not
1723 overwrite other user's files when they are using the target.
1725 =item --remote-expect-silent=I<string>
1727 The same as B<--remote-expect> except that the remote output is not
1728 echoed to stdout while waiting for the I<string>. Everything after the
1729 matched string is printed to stdout, so you may want to include line
1730 end characters in the I<string> as well.
1732 =item --remote-expect-timeout=I<seconds>
1734 Timeout in seconds for B<--remote-expect> or
1735 B<--remote-expect-seconds>. When negative, waits forever. The default
1740 =head2 File deployment phase
1742 In some setups, it is necessary to copy the files needed for booting
1743 to a particular location, e.g. to a TFTP boot server or to the
1748 =item -d, --dhcp-tftp
1750 Turns your workstation into a DHCP and TFTP server so that the OS can
1751 be booted via PXE BIOS (or similar mechanism) on the test machine
1752 directly connected by a plain Ethernet cable to your workstation.
1754 The DHCP and TFTP servers require root privileges and C<novaboot>
1755 uses C<sudo> command to obtain those. You can put the following to
1756 I</etc/sudoers> to allow running the necessary commands without asking
1759 Cmnd_Alias NOVABOOT = /bin/ip a add 10.23.23.1/24 dev eth0, /bin/ip l set dev eth0 up, /usr/sbin/dhcpd -d -cf dhcpd.conf -lf dhcpd.leases -pf dhcpd.pid, /usr/sbin/in.tftpd --listen --secure -v -v -v --pidfile tftpd.pid *, /usr/bin/touch dhcpd.leases, /usr/bin/pkill --pidfile=dhcpd.pid, /usr/bin/pkill --pidfile=tftpd.pid
1760 your_login ALL=NOPASSWD: NOVABOOT
1764 Starts a TFTP server on your workstation. This is similar to
1765 B<--dhcp-tftp> except that DHCP server is not started.
1767 The TFTP server requires root privileges and C<novaboot> uses C<sudo>
1768 command to obtain those. You can put the following to I</etc/sudoers>
1769 to allow running the necessary commands without asking for a password.
1771 Cmnd_Alias NOVABOOT = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd --listen --secure -v -v -v --pidfile tftpd.pid *, /usr/bin/pkill --pidfile=tftpd.pid
1772 your_login ALL=NOPASSWD: NOVABOOT
1774 =item --tftp-port=I<port>
1776 Port to run the TFTP server on. Implies B<--tftp>.
1778 =item --netif=I<network interface>
1780 Network interface used to deploy files to the target. The default value is
1781 I<eth0>. This option influences the configuration of the DHCP server started
1782 by B<--dhcp-tftp> and the value that B<$NB_MYIP> get replaced with during
1783 U-Boot conversation.
1785 =item --iso[=filename]
1787 Generates the ISO image that boots NOVA system via GRUB. If no filename
1788 is given, the image is stored under I<NAME>.iso, where I<NAME> is the name
1789 of the novaboot script (see also B<--name>).
1791 =item --server[=[[user@]server:]path]
1793 Copy all files needed for booting to another location. The files will
1794 be copied (by B<rsync> tool) to the directory I<path>. If the I<path>
1795 contains string $NAME, it will be replaced with the name of the
1796 novaboot script (see also B<--name>).
1798 =item --rsync-flags=I<flags>
1800 Specifies I<flags> to append to F<rsync> command line when
1801 copying files as a result of I<--server> option.
1805 If B<--server> is used and its value ends with $NAME, then after
1806 copying the files, a new bootloader configuration file (e.g. menu.lst)
1807 is created at I<path-wo-name>, i.e. the path specified by B<--server>
1808 with $NAME part removed. The content of the file is created by
1809 concatenating all files of the same name from all subdirectories of
1810 I<path-wo-name> found on the "server".
1814 Use Intel AMT technology for IDE redirection. This allows the target
1815 machine to boot from novaboot created ISO image. Implies B<--iso>.
1817 The experimental C<amtider> utility needed by this option can be
1818 obtained from https://github.com/wentasah/amtterm.
1822 =head2 Target power-on and reset phase
1824 At this point, the target is reset (or switched on/off). There are
1825 several ways how this can be accomplished. Resetting a physical target
1826 can currently be accomplished by the following options: B<--amt>,
1827 B<--iprelay>, B<--reset-cmd> and B<--reset-send>.
1833 Switch on/off the target machine and exit. The script (if any) is
1834 completely ignored. Currently, it works only with the following
1835 options: B<--iprelay>, B<--amt>, B<--ssh>.
1837 =item -Q, --qemu[=I<qemu-binary>]
1839 Boot the configuration in qemu. Optionally, the name of qemu binary
1840 can be specified as a parameter.
1842 =item --qemu-append=I<flags>
1844 Append I<flags> to the default qemu flags (QEMU_FLAGS variable or
1845 C<-cpu coreduo -smp 2>).
1847 =item -q, --qemu-flags=I<flags>
1849 Replace the default qemu flags (QEMU_FLAGS variable or C<-cpu coreduo
1850 -smp 2>) with I<flags> specified here.
1852 =item --reset-cmd=I<cmd>
1854 Runs command I<cmd> to reset the target.
1856 =item --reset-send=I<string>
1858 Reset the target by sending the given I<string> to the remote serial
1859 line. "\n" sequences are replaced with the newline character.
1861 =item --no-reset, --reset
1863 Disable/enable resetting of the target.
1867 =head2 Interaction with the bootloader on the target
1871 =item --uboot[=I<prompt>]
1873 Interact with U-Boot bootloader to boot the thing described in the
1874 novaboot script. I<prompt> specifies the U-Boot's prompt (default is
1875 "=> ", other common prompts are "U-Boot> " or "U-Boot# ").
1879 Disable U-Boot interaction previously enabled with B<--uboot>.
1883 Command(s) to send the U-Boot bootloader before loading the images and
1884 booting them. This option can be given multiple times. After sending
1885 commands from each option novaboot waits for U-Boot I<prompt>.
1887 If the command contains string I<$NB_MYIP> then this string is
1888 replaced by IPv4 address of eth0 interface (see also B<--netif>).
1889 Similarly, I<$NB_PREFIX> is replaced with prefix given by B<--prefix>.
1891 See also C<uboot> keyword in L</"NOVABOOT SCRIPT SYNTAX">).
1893 =item --uboot-addr I<name>=I<address>
1895 Load address of U-Boot's C<tftpboot> command for loading I<name>,
1896 where name is one of I<kernel>, I<ramdisk> or I<fdt> (flattened device
1899 The default addresses are ${I<name>_addr_r}, i.e. U-Boot environment
1900 variables used by convention for this purpose.
1902 =item --uboot-cmd=I<command>
1904 Specifies U-Boot command used to execute the OS. If the command
1905 contains strings C<$kernel_addr>, C<$ramdisk_addr>, C<$fdt_addr>,
1906 these are replaced with the addresses configured with B<--uboot-addr>.
1908 The default value is
1910 bootm $kernel_addr $ramdisk_addr $fdt_addr
1912 or the C<UBOOT_CMD> variable if defined in the novaboot script.
1916 =head2 Target interaction phase
1918 In this phase, target's serial output is redirected to stdout and if
1919 stdin is a TTY, it is redirected to the target's serial input allowing
1920 interactive work with the target.
1924 =item --exiton=I<string>
1926 When the I<string> is sent by the target, novaboot exits. This option can
1927 be specified multiple times, in which case novaboot exits whenever
1928 either of the specified strings is sent.
1930 If the I<string> is C<-re>, then the next B<--exiton>'s I<string> is
1931 treated as a regular expression. For example:
1933 --exiton -re --exiton 'error:.*failed'
1935 =item --exiton-re=I<regex>
1937 The same as --exiton -re --exiton I<regex>.
1939 =item --exiton-timeout=I<seconds>
1941 By default B<--exiton> waits for the string match forever. When this
1942 option is specified, "exiton" timeouts after the specifies the number of
1943 seconds and novaboot returns non-zero exit code.
1945 =item -i, --interactive
1947 Setup things for the interactive use of the target. Your terminal will
1948 be switched to raw mode. In raw mode, your local terminal does not
1949 process input in any way (no echoing of entered characters, no
1950 interpretation of special characters). This, among others, means that
1951 Ctrl-C is passed to the target and does not interrupt novaboot. To
1952 exit from novaboot interactive mode type "~~.".
1954 =item --no-interaction, --interaction
1956 Skip resp. force target interaction phase. When skipped, novaboot exits
1957 immediately after the boot is initiated.
1959 =item --expect=I<string>
1961 When the I<string> is received from the target, send the string specified
1962 with the subsequent B<--send*> option to the target.
1964 =item --expect-re=I<regex>
1966 When target's output matches regular expression I<regex>, send the
1967 string specified with the subsequent B<--send*> option to the target.
1969 =item --expect-raw=I<perl-code>
1971 Provides direct control over Perl's Expect module.
1973 =item --send=I<string>
1975 Send I<string> to the target after the previously specified
1976 B<--expect*> was matched in the target's output. The I<string> may
1977 contain escape sequences such as "\n".
1979 Note that I<string> is actually interpreted by Perl, so it can contain
1980 much more that escape sequences. This behavior may change in the
1983 Example: C<--expect='login: ' --send='root\n'>
1985 =item --sendcont=I<string>
1987 Similar to B<--send> but continue expecting more input.
1989 Example: C<--expect='Continue?' --sendcont='yes\n'>
1991 =item --final-eol, --no-final-eol
1993 By default, B<novaboot> always prints an end-of-line character at the
1994 end of its execution in order to ensure that the output of programs
1995 started after novaboot appears at the beginning of the line. When this
1996 is not desired B<--no-final-eol> option can be used to override this
2001 =head1 NOVABOOT SCRIPT SYNTAX
2003 The syntax tries to mimic POSIX shell syntax. The syntax is defined
2004 by the following rules.
2006 Lines starting with "#" and empty lines are ignored.
2008 Lines that end with "\" are concatenated with the following line after
2009 removal of the final "\" and leading whitespace of the following line.
2011 Lines of the form I<VARIABLE=...> (i.e. matching '^[A-Z_]+=' regular
2012 expression) assign values to internal variables. See L</VARIABLES>
2015 Otherwise, the first word on the line defines the meaning of the line.
2016 The following keywords are supported:
2022 These lines represent modules to boot. The
2023 word after C<load> is a file name (relative to the build directory
2024 (see B<--build-dir>) of the module to load and the remaining words are
2025 passed to it as the command line parameters.
2027 When the C<load> line ends with "<<WORD" then the subsequent lines
2028 until the line containing solely WORD are copied literally to the file
2029 named on that line. This is similar to shell's heredoc feature.
2031 When the C<load> line ends with "< CMD" then command CMD is executed
2032 with F</bin/sh> and its standard output is stored in the file named on
2033 that line. The SRCDIR variable in CMD's environment is set to the
2034 absolute path of the directory containing the interpreted novaboot
2039 These lines are similar to C<load> lines. The
2040 file mentioned there is copied to the same place as in the case of C<load>
2041 (e.g. tftp server), but the file is not used in the bootloader
2042 configuration. Such a file can be used by the target for other
2043 purposes than booting, e.g. at OS runtime or for firmware update.
2047 Chainload another bootloader. Instead of loading multiboot modules
2048 identified with C<load> keyword, run another bootloader. This is
2049 currently supported only by pulsar and can be used to load e.g. Grub
2050 as in the example below:
2052 chld boot/grub/i386-pc/core.0
2057 Lines starting with C<run> keyword contain shell commands that are run
2058 during file generation phase. This is the same as the "< CMD" syntax
2059 for C<load> keyboard except that the command's output is not
2060 redirected to a file. The ordering of commands is the same as they
2061 appear in the novaboot script.
2065 These lines represent U-Boot commands that are sent to the target if
2066 B<--uboot> option is given. Having a U-Boot line in the novaboot
2067 script is the same as giving B<--uboot-init> option to novaboot. The
2068 following syntax variants are supported:
2071 uboot[:<timeout>] <string> [> <file>]
2072 uboot[:<timeout>] < <shell> [> <file>]
2074 C<string> is the literal U-Boot command.
2076 The C<uboot> keyword can be suffixed with timeout specification. The
2077 syntax is C<uboot:Ns>, where C<N> is the whole number of seconds. If
2078 the U-Boot command prompt does not appear before the timeout, novaboot
2079 fails. The default timeout is 10 seconds.
2081 In the second variant with the C<<> character the shell code is
2082 executed and its standard output is sent to U-Boot. Example:
2084 uboot < printf "mmc write \$loadaddr 1 %x" $(($(/usr/bin/stat -c%s rootfs.ext4) / 512))
2086 When C<E<gt> file> part is present, the output of the U-Boot command
2087 is written into the given file.
2093 #!/usr/bin/env novaboot
2094 load bzImage console=ttyS0,115200
2095 run make -C buildroot
2096 load rootfs.cpio < gen_cpio buildroot/images/rootfs.cpio "myapp->/etc/init.d/S99myapp"
2098 Example (NOVA User Land - NUL):
2100 #!/usr/bin/env novaboot
2101 WVDESC=Example program
2102 load bin/apps/sigma0.nul S0_DEFAULT script_start:1,1 \
2103 verbose hostkeyb:0,0x60,1,12,2
2104 load bin/apps/hello.nul
2105 load hello.nulconfig <<EOF
2106 sigma0::mem:16 name::/s0/log name::/s0/timer name::/s0/fs/rom ||
2107 rom://bin/apps/hello.nul
2110 This example will load three modules: F<sigma0.nul>, F<hello.nul> and
2111 F<hello.nulconfig>. sigma0 receives some command line parameters and
2112 F<hello.nulconfig> file is generated on the fly from the lines between
2113 C<<<EOF> and C<EOF>.
2115 Example (Zynq system update via U-Boot):
2117 #!/usr/bin/env novaboot
2121 # Write kernel to FAT filesystem on the 1st SD card partition
2122 run mkimage -f uboot-image.its image.ub
2124 uboot:60s tftpboot ${loadaddr} $NB_PREFIX/image.ub
2125 uboot fatwrite mmc 0:1 ${loadaddr} image.ub $filesize
2126 uboot set bootargs console=ttyPS0,115200 root=/dev/mmcblk0p2
2128 # Write root FS image to the 2nd SD card partition
2129 copy rootfs/images/rootfs.ext4
2130 uboot:60s tftpboot ${loadaddr} $NB_PREFIX/rootfs/images/rootfs.ext4
2131 uboot mmc part > mmc-part.txt
2132 uboot < printf "mmc write \$loadaddr %x %x" $(awk '{ if ($1 == "2") { print $2 }}' mmc-part.txt) $(($(/usr/bin/stat -L --printf=%s rootfs/images/rootfs.ext4) / 512))
2139 The following variables are interpreted in the novaboot script:
2145 Novaboot chdir()s to this directory before file generation phase. The
2146 directory name specified here is relative to the build directory
2147 specified by other means (see L</--build-dir>).
2151 Assigning this variable has the same effect as specifying L</--exiton>
2154 =item HYPERVISOR_PARAMS
2156 Parameters passed to the hypervisor. The default value is "serial", unless
2157 overridden in the configuration file.
2161 The kernel to use instead of the hypervisor specified in the
2162 configuration file with the C<$hypervisor> variable. The value should
2163 contain the name of the kernel image as well as its command line
2164 parameters. If this variable is defined and non-empty, the variable
2165 HYPERVISOR_PARAMS is not used.
2169 If this variable is 1, the system is not booted. This is currently
2170 only implemented for U-Boot bootloader where it is useful for
2171 interacting with the bootloader without booting the system - e.g. for
2176 Use a specific qemu binary (can be overridden with B<-Q>) and flags
2177 when booting this script under qemu. If QEMU_FLAGS variable is also
2178 specified flags specified in QEMU variable are replaced by those in
2183 Use specific qemu flags (can be overridden with B<-q>).
2187 See L</--uboot-cmd>.
2191 Description of the WvTest-compliant program.
2193 =item WVTEST_TIMEOUT
2195 The timeout in seconds for WvTest harness. If no complete line appears
2196 in the test output within the time specified here, the test fails. It
2197 is necessary to specify this for long running tests that produce no
2198 intermediate output.
2202 =head1 CONFIGURATION FILES
2204 Novaboot can read its configuration from one or more files. By
2205 default, novaboot looks for files in F</etc/novaboot.d>, file
2206 F<~/.config/novaboot> and files named F<.novaboot> as described in
2207 L</Configuration reading phase>. Alternatively, configuration file
2208 location can be specified with the B<-c> switch or with the
2209 NOVABOOT_CONFIG environment variable. The configuration file has Perl
2210 syntax (i.e. it is better to put C<1;> as the last line) and should set
2211 values of certain Perl variables. The current configuration can be
2212 dumped with the B<--dump-config> switch. Some configuration variables
2213 can be overridden by environment variables (see below) or by command
2216 Supported configuration variables include:
2222 Build directory location relative to the location of the configuration
2225 =item $default_target
2227 Default target (see below) to use when no target is explicitly
2228 specified with the B<--target> command line option or
2229 B<NOVABOOT_TARGET> environment variable.
2233 Hash of target definitions to be used with the B<--target> option. The
2234 key is the identifier of the target, the value is the string with
2235 command line options. For instance, if the configuration file contains:
2237 $targets{'mybox'} = '--server=boot:/tftproot --serial=/dev/ttyUSB0 --grub',
2239 then the following two commands are equivalent:
2241 ./myos --server=boot:/tftproot --serial=/dev/ttyUSB0 --grub
2246 =head1 ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
2248 Some options can be specified not only via config file or command line
2249 but also through environment variables. Environment variables override
2250 the values from the configuration file and command line parameters
2251 override the environment variables.
2255 =item NOVABOOT_CONFIG
2257 Name of the novaboot configuration file to use instead of the default
2260 =item NOVABOOT_CONFIG_DIR
2262 Name of the novaboot configuration directory. When not specified
2263 F</etc/novaboot.d> is used.
2265 =item NOVABOOT_TARGET
2267 Name of the novaboot target to use. This overrides the value of
2268 B<$default_target> from the configuration file and can be overridden
2269 with the B<--target> command line option.
2271 =item NOVABOOT_BENDER
2273 Defining this variable has the same effect as using B<--bender>
2280 Michal Sojka <sojka@os.inf.tu-dresden.de>
2282 Latest novaboot version can be found at
2283 L<https://github.com/wentasah/novaboot>.
2287 # LocalWords: novaboot Novaboot NOVABOOT TFTP PXE DHCP filename stty
2288 # LocalWords: chainloader stdout Qemu qemu preprocessing ISOLINUX bootable
2289 # LocalWords: config subprocesses sudo sudoers tftp dhcp IDE stdin
2290 # LocalWords: subdirectories TTY whitespace heredoc POSIX WvTest