3 # This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
4 # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
5 # the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or
6 # (at your option) any later version.
8 # This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
9 # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
10 # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
11 # GNU General Public License for more details.
13 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
14 # along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
18 use Getopt::Long qw(GetOptionsFromString);
23 use Time::HiRes("usleep");
27 use POSIX qw(:errno_h);
28 use Cwd qw(getcwd abs_path);
33 my $invocation_dir = getcwd();
35 chomp(my $gittop = `git rev-parse --show-toplevel 2>/dev/null`);
37 ## Configuration file handling
39 # Default configuration
40 $CFG::hypervisor = "";
41 $CFG::hypervisor_params = "serial";
42 $CFG::genisoimage = "genisoimage";
43 $CFG::qemu = 'qemu -cpu coreduo -smp 2';
44 @CFG::chainloaders = (); #('bin/boot/bender promisc'); # TODO: convert to option
46 "tud" => '--server=erwin.inf.tu-dresden.de:~sojka/boot/novaboot --rsync-flags="--chmod=Dg+s,ug+w,o-w,+rX --rsync-path=\"umask 002 && rsync\"" --grub --grub-prefix=(nd)/tftpboot/sojka/novaboot --grub-preamble="timeout 0" --concat --iprelay=141.76.48.80:2324 --scriptmod=s/\\\\bhostserial\\\\b/hostserialpci/g',
47 "novabox" => '--server=rtime.felk.cvut.cz:/srv/tftp/novaboot --rsync-flags="--chmod=Dg+s,ug+w,o-w,+rX --rsync-path=\"umask 002 && rsync\"" --pulsar=novaboot --iprelay=147.32.86.92:2324',
48 "localhost" => '--scriptmod=s/console=tty[A-Z0-9,]+// --server=/boot/novaboot/$NAME --grub2 --grub-prefix=/boot/novaboot/$NAME --grub2-prolog=" set root=\'(hd0,msdos1)\'"',
50 $CFG::scons = "scons -j2";
55 package CFG; # Put config data into a separate namespace
60 die("ERROR: Failure compiling '$cfg' - $@");
61 } elsif (! defined($rc)) {
62 die("ERROR: Failure reading '$cfg' - $!");
64 die("ERROR: Failure processing '$cfg'");
67 print STDERR "novaboot: Read $cfg\n";
72 # We don't use $0 here, because it points to the novaboot itself and
73 # not to the novaboot script. The problem with this approach is that
74 # when a script is run as "novaboot <options> <script>" then $ARGV[0]
75 # contains the first option. Hence the -f check.
76 my $dir = abs_path($invocation_dir . ((-f $ARGV[0]) ? '/'.dirname($ARGV[0]) : ''));
77 while (-d $dir && $dir ne "/") {
78 push @cfgs, "$dir/.novaboot" if -r "$dir/.novaboot";
79 $dir = abs_path($dir."/..");
82 my $cfg = $ENV{'NOVABOOT_CONFIG'};
83 Getopt::Long::Configure(qw/no_ignore_case pass_through/);
84 GetOptions ("config|c=s" => \$cfg);
85 read_config($_) foreach $cfg or reverse @cfgs;
87 ## Command line handling
89 my ($append, $bender, $builddir, $concat, $config_name_opt, $dhcp_tftp, $dump_opt, $dump_config, $grub_config, $grub_prefix, $grub_preamble, $grub2_prolog, $grub2_config, $help, $iprelay, $iso_image, $man, $no_file_gen, $off_opt, $on_opt, $pulsar, $pulsar_root, $qemu, $qemu_append, $qemu_flags_cmd, $rom_prefix, $rsync_flags, @scriptmod, $scons, $serial, $server);
92 $rom_prefix = 'rom://';
94 Getopt::Long::Configure(qw/no_ignore_case no_pass_through/);
97 "append|a=s" => \$append,
98 "bender|b" => \$bender,
99 "build-dir=s" => \$builddir,
100 "concat" => \$concat,
101 "dhcp-tftp|d" => \$dhcp_tftp,
102 "dump" => \$dump_opt,
103 "dump-config" => \$dump_config,
104 "grub|g:s" => \$grub_config,
105 "grub-preamble=s"=> \$grub_preamble,
106 "grub-prefix=s" => \$grub_prefix,
107 "grub2:s" => \$grub2_config,
108 "grub2-prolog=s" => \$grub2_prolog,
109 "iprelay=s" => \$iprelay,
110 "iso|i:s" => \$iso_image,
111 "name=s" => \$config_name_opt,
112 "no-file-gen" => \$no_file_gen,
115 "pulsar|p:s" => \$pulsar,
116 "pulsar-root=s" => \$pulsar_root,
117 "qemu|Q=s" => \$qemu,
118 "qemu-append=s" => \$qemu_append,
119 "qemu-flags|q=s" => \$qemu_flags_cmd,
120 "rsync-flags=s" => \$rsync_flags,
121 "scons:s" => \$scons,
122 "scriptmod=s" => \@scriptmod,
123 "serial|s:s" => \$serial,
124 "server:s" => \$server,
125 "strip-rom" => sub { $rom_prefix = ''; },
126 "target|t=s" => sub { my ($opt_name, $opt_value) = @_;
127 exists $CFG::targets{$opt_value} or die("Unknown target '$opt_value' (valid targets are: ".join(", ", sort keys(%CFG::targets)).")");
128 GetOptionsFromString($CFG::targets{$opt_value}, %opt_spec); },
132 GetOptions %opt_spec or pod2usage(2);
133 pod2usage(1) if $help;
134 pod2usage(-exitstatus => 0, -verbose => 2) if $man;
136 ### Sanitize configuration
138 if (defined $config_name_opt && scalar(@ARGV) > 1) { die "You cannot use --name with multiple scripts"; }
140 ### Dump sanitized configuration (if requested)
144 $Data::Dumper::Indent=1;
145 print "# This file is in perl syntax.\n";
146 foreach my $key(sort(keys(%CFG::))) { # See "Symbol Tables" in perlmod(1)
147 if (defined ${$CFG::{$key}}) { print Data::Dumper->Dump([${$CFG::{$key}}], ["*$key"]); }
148 if ( @{$CFG::{$key}}) { print Data::Dumper->Dump([\@{$CFG::{$key}}], ["*$key"]); }
149 if ( %{$CFG::{$key}}) { print Data::Dumper->Dump([\%{$CFG::{$key}}], ["*$key"]); }
155 if (defined $serial) {
156 $serial ||= "/dev/ttyUSB0";
159 if (defined $grub_config) {
160 $grub_config ||= "menu.lst";
163 if (defined $grub2_config) {
164 $grub2_config ||= "grub.cfg";
167 ## Parse the novaboot script(s)
173 my ($modules, $variables, $generated, $continuation);
175 if ($ARGV ne $last_fn) { # New script
176 die "Missing EOF in $last_fn" if $file;
177 die "Unfinished line in $last_fn" if $line;
179 push @scripts, { 'filename' => $ARGV,
180 'modules' => $modules = [],
181 'variables' => $variables = {},
182 'generated' => $generated = []};
186 next if /^#/ || /^\s*$/; # Skip comments and empty lines
188 foreach my $mod(@scriptmod) { eval $mod; }
190 print "$_\n" if $dump_opt;
192 if (/^([A-Z_]+)=(.*)$/) { # Internal variable
193 $$variables{$1} = $2;
196 if (/^([^ ]*)(.*?)[[:space:]]*<<([^ ]*)$/) { # Heredoc start
197 push @$modules, "$1$2";
199 push @$generated, {filename => $1, content => $file};
203 if ($file && $_ eq $EOF) { # Heredoc end
207 if ($file) { # Heredoc content
208 push @{$file}, "$_\n";
211 $_ =~ s/^[[:space:]]*// if ($continuation);
212 if (/\\$/) { # Line continuation
213 $line .= substr($_, 0, length($_)-1);
219 $line .= " $append" if ($append && scalar(@$modules) == 0);
221 if ($line =~ /^([^ ]*)(.*?)[[:space:]]*< ?(.*)$/) { # Command substitution
222 push @$modules, "$1$2";
223 push @$generated, {filename => $1, command => $3};
227 push @$modules, $line;
231 #print Dumper(\@scripts);
237 sub generate_configs($$$) {
238 my ($base, $generated, $filename) = @_;
239 if ($base) { $base = "$base/"; };
240 foreach my $g(@$generated) {
241 if (exists $$g{content}) {
242 my $config = $$g{content};
243 my $fn = $$g{filename};
244 open(my $f, '>', $fn) || die("$fn: $!");
245 map { s|\brom://([^ ]*)|$rom_prefix$base$1|g; print $f "$_"; } @{$config};
247 print "novaboot: Created $fn\n";
248 } elsif (exists $$g{command} && ! $no_file_gen) {
249 $ENV{SRCDIR} = dirname(File::Spec->rel2abs( $filename, $invocation_dir ));
250 system_verbose("( $$g{command} ) > $$g{filename}");
255 sub generate_grub_config($$$$;$)
257 my ($filename, $title, $base, $modules_ref, $preamble) = @_;
258 if ($base) { $base = "$base/"; };
259 open(my $fg, '>', $filename) or die "$filename: $!";
260 print $fg "$preamble\n" if $preamble;
261 print $fg "title $title\n" if $title;
262 #print $fg "root $base\n"; # root doesn't really work for (nd)
264 foreach (@$modules_ref) {
267 my ($kbin, $kcmd) = split(' ', $_, 2);
268 $kcmd = '' if !defined $kcmd;
269 print $fg "kernel ${base}$kbin $kcmd\n";
271 s|\brom://([^ ]*)|$rom_prefix$base$1|g; # Translate rom:// files - needed for vdisk parameter of sigma0
272 print $fg "module $base$_\n";
276 print("novaboot: Created $CFG::builddir/$filename\n");
280 sub generate_grub2_config($$$$;$$)
282 my ($filename, $title, $base, $modules_ref, $preamble, $prolog) = @_;
283 if ($base && substr($base,-1,1) ne '/') { $base = "$base/"; };
284 open(my $fg, '>', $filename) or die "$filename: $!";
285 print $fg "$preamble\n" if $preamble;
286 $title ||= 'novaboot';
287 print $fg "menuentry $title {\n";
288 print $fg "$prolog\n" if $prolog;
290 foreach (@$modules_ref) {
293 my ($kbin, $kcmd) = split(' ', $_, 2);
294 $kcmd = '' if !defined $kcmd;
295 print $fg " multiboot ${base}$kbin $kcmd\n";
298 # GRUB2 doesn't pass filename in multiboot info so we have to duplicate it here
299 $_ = join(' ', ($args[0], @args));
300 s|\brom://|$rom_prefix|g; # We do not need to translate path for GRUB2
301 print $fg " module $base$_\n";
306 print("novaboot: Created $CFG::builddir/$filename\n");
310 sub generate_pulsar_config($$)
312 my ($filename, $modules_ref) = @_;
313 open(my $fg, '>', $filename) or die "$filename: $!";
314 print $fg "root $pulsar_root\n" if defined $pulsar_root;
317 foreach (@$modules_ref) {
320 ($kbin, $kcmd) = split(' ', $_, 2);
321 $kcmd = '' if !defined $kcmd;
324 s|\brom://|$rom_prefix|g;
325 print $fg "load $_\n";
328 # Put kernel as last - this is needed for booting Linux and has no influence on non-Linux OSes
329 print $fg "exec $kbin $kcmd\n";
331 print("novaboot: Created $CFG::builddir/$filename\n");
337 print "novaboot: Running: ".join(' ', map("'$_'", @_))."\n";
341 sub system_verbose($)
344 print "novaboot: Running: $cmd\n";
345 my $ret = system($cmd);
346 if ($ret & 0x007f) { die("Command terminated by a signal"); }
347 if ($ret & 0xff00) {die("Command exit with non-zero exit code"); }
348 if ($ret) { die("Command failure $ret"); }
353 if (exists $variables->{WVDESC}) {
354 print "Testing \"$variables->{WVDESC}\" in $last_fn:\n";
355 } elsif ($last_fn =~ /\.wv$/) {
356 print "Testing \"all\" in $last_fn:\n";
359 ## Handle reset and power on/off
362 if (defined $iprelay) {
363 $iprelay =~ /([.0-9]+)(:([0-9]+))?/;
366 my $paddr = sockaddr_in($port, inet_aton($addr));
367 my $proto = getprotobyname('tcp');
368 socket($IPRELAY, PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, $proto) || die "socket: $!";
369 print "novaboot: Connecting to IP relay... ";
370 connect($IPRELAY, $paddr) || die "connect: $!";
372 $IPRELAY->autoflush(1);
375 print $IPRELAY "\xFF\xF6";
377 local $SIG{ALRM} = sub { die "Relay AYT timeout"; };
378 my $ayt_reponse = "";
379 my $read = sysread($IPRELAY, $ayt_reponse, 100);
383 print "$ayt_reponse\n";
384 if ($ayt_reponse =~ /<iprelayd: not connected/) {
392 my ($relay, $onoff) = @_;
393 die unless ($relay == 1 || $relay == 2);
395 my $cmd = ($relay == 1 ? 0x5 : 0x6) | ($onoff ? 0x20 : 0x10);
396 return "\xFF\xFA\x2C\x32".chr($cmd)."\xFF\xF0";
400 my ($relay, $onoff) = @_;
401 die unless ($relay == 1 || $relay == 2);
402 my $cmd = ($relay == 1 ? 0xdf : 0xbf) | ($onoff ? 0x00 : 0xff);
403 return "\xFF\xFA\x2C\x97".chr($cmd)."\xFF\xF0";
407 my ($relay, $onoff, $can_giveup) = @_;
408 my $confirmation = '';
409 print $IPRELAY relaycmd($relay, $onoff);
411 # We use non-blocking I/O and polling here because for some
412 # reason read() on blocking FD returns only after all
413 # requested data is available. If we get during the first
414 # read() only a part of confirmation, we may get the rest
415 # after the system boots and print someting, which may be too
417 $IPRELAY->blocking(0);
419 alarm(20); # Timeout in seconds
421 local $SIG{ALRM} = sub {
422 if ($can_giveup) { print("Relay confirmation timeout - ignoring\n"); $giveup = 1;}
423 else {die "Relay confirmation timeout";}
426 while (($index=index($confirmation, relayconf($relay, $onoff))) < 0 && !$giveup) {
427 my $read = read($IPRELAY, $confirmation, 70, length($confirmation));
428 if (!defined($read)) {
429 die("IP relay: $!") unless $! == EAGAIN;
433 #use MIME::QuotedPrint;
434 #print "confirmation = ".encode_qp($confirmation)."\n";
437 $IPRELAY->blocking(1);
441 if ($iprelay && (defined $on_opt || defined $off_opt)) {
442 relay(1, 1); # Press power button
443 if (defined $on_opt) {
444 usleep(100000); # Short press
446 print "novaboot: Switching the target off...\n";
447 usleep(6000000); # Long press to switch off
449 print $IPRELAY relay(1, 0);
453 ## Figure out the location of builddir and chdir() there
455 $CFG::builddir = $builddir;
457 if (! defined $CFG::builddir) {
458 $CFG::builddir = ( $gittop || $ENV{'HOME'}."/nul" ) . "/build";
459 if (! -d $CFG::builddir) {
460 $CFG::builddir = $ENV{SRCDIR} = dirname(File::Spec->rel2abs( ${$scripts[0]}{filename}, $invocation_dir ));
465 chdir($CFG::builddir) or die "Can't change directory to $CFG::builddir: $!";
466 print "novaboot: Entering directory `$CFG::builddir'\n";
468 ## File generation phase
469 my (%files_iso, $menu_iso, $config_name, $filename);
471 foreach my $script (@scripts) {
472 $filename = $$script{filename};
473 $modules = $$script{modules};
474 $generated = $$script{generated};
475 $variables = $$script{variables};
477 ($config_name = $filename) =~ s#.*/##;
478 $config_name = $config_name_opt if (defined $config_name_opt);
481 if (exists $variables->{KERNEL}) {
482 $kernel = $variables->{KERNEL};
484 if ($CFG::hypervisor) {
485 $kernel = $CFG::hypervisor . " ";
486 if (exists $variables->{HYPERVISOR_PARAMS}) {
487 $kernel .= $variables->{HYPERVISOR_PARAMS};
489 $kernel .= $CFG::hypervisor_params;
493 @$modules = ($kernel, @$modules) if $kernel;
494 @$modules = (@CFG::chainloaders, @$modules);
495 @$modules = ("bin/boot/bender", @$modules) if ($bender || defined $ENV{'NOVABOOT_BENDER'});
498 ($prefix = $grub_prefix) =~ s/\$NAME/$config_name/ if defined $grub_prefix;
499 $prefix ||= $CFG::builddir;
500 # TODO: use $grub_prefix as first parameter if some switch is given
501 generate_configs('', $generated, $filename);
503 ### Generate bootloader configuration files
504 my @bootloader_configs;
505 push @bootloader_configs, generate_grub_config($grub_config, $config_name, $prefix, $modules, $grub_preamble) if (defined $grub_config);
506 push @bootloader_configs, generate_grub2_config($grub2_config, $config_name, $prefix, $modules, $grub_preamble, $grub2_prolog) if (defined $grub2_config);
507 push @bootloader_configs, generate_pulsar_config('config-'.($pulsar||'novaboot'), $modules) if (defined $pulsar);
510 if (defined $scons) {
511 my @files = map({ ($file) = m/([^ ]*)/; $file; } @$modules);
512 # Filter-out generated files
513 my @to_build = grep({ my $file = $_; !scalar(grep($file eq $$_{filename}, @$generated)) } @files);
514 system_verbose($scons || $CFG::scons." ".join(" ", @to_build));
517 ### Copy files (using rsync)
518 if (defined $server) {
519 (my $real_server = $server) =~ s/\$NAME/$config_name/;
521 my ($hostname, $path) = split(":", $real_server, 2);
522 if (! defined $path) {
526 my $files = join(" ", map({ ($file) = m/([^ ]*)/; $file; } ( @$modules, @bootloader_configs)));
527 map({ my $file = (split)[0]; die "$file: $!" if ! -f $file; } @$modules);
528 my $istty = -t STDOUT && ($ENV{'TERM'} || 'dumb') ne 'dumb';
529 my $progress = $istty ? "--progress" : "";
530 system_verbose("rsync $progress -RLp $rsync_flags $files $real_server");
531 if ($server =~ m|/\$NAME$| && $concat) {
532 my $cmd = join("; ", map { "( cd $path/.. && cat */$_ > $_ )" } @bootloader_configs);
533 system_verbose($hostname ? "ssh $hostname '$cmd'" : $cmd);
537 ### Prepare ISO image generation
538 if (defined $iso_image) {
539 generate_configs("(cd)", $generated, $filename);
541 generate_grub_config(\$menu, $config_name, "(cd)", $modules);
542 $menu_iso .= "$menu\n";
543 map { ($file,undef) = split; $files_iso{$file} = 1; } @$modules;
547 ## Generate ISO image
548 if (defined $iso_image) {
549 open(my $fh, ">menu-iso.lst");
550 print $fh "timeout 5\n\n$menu_iso";
552 my $files = "boot/grub/menu.lst=menu-iso.lst " . join(" ", map("$_=$_", keys(%files_iso)));
553 $iso_image ||= "$config_name.iso";
554 system_verbose("$CFG::genisoimage -R -b stage2_eltorito -no-emul-boot -boot-load-size 4 -boot-info-table -hide-rr-moved -J -joliet-long -o $iso_image -graft-points bin/boot/grub/ $files");
555 print("ISO image created: $CFG::builddir/$iso_image\n");
558 ## Boot the system using various methods and send serial output to stdout
560 if (scalar(@scripts) > 1 && ( defined $dhcp_tftp || defined $serial || defined $iprelay)) {
561 die "You cannot do this with multiple scripts simultaneously";
564 if ($variables->{WVTEST_TIMEOUT}) {
565 print "wvtest: timeout ", $variables->{WVTEST_TIMEOUT}, "\n";
570 $str =~ s/^\s+|\s+$//g;
576 if (!(defined $dhcp_tftp || defined $serial || defined $iprelay || defined $server || defined $iso_image)) {
578 $qemu ||= $variables->{QEMU} || $CFG::qemu;
579 my @qemu_flags = split(" ", $qemu);
580 $qemu = shift(@qemu_flags);
582 @qemu_flags = split(/ +/, trim($variables->{QEMU_FLAGS})) if exists $variables->{QEMU_FLAGS};
583 @qemu_flags = split(/ +/, trim($qemu_flags_cmd)) if $qemu_flags_cmd;
584 push(@qemu_flags, split(/ +/, trim($qemu_append || '')));
586 if (defined $iso_image) {
587 # Boot NOVA with grub (and test the iso image)
588 push(@qemu_flags, ('-cdrom', "$config_name.iso"));
590 # Boot NOVA without GRUB
592 # Non-patched qemu doesn't like commas, but NUL can live with pluses instead of commans
593 foreach (@$modules) {s/,/+/g;}
594 generate_configs("", $generated, $filename);
596 my ($kbin, $kcmd) = split(' ', shift(@$modules), 2);
597 $kcmd = '' if !defined $kcmd;
599 @$modules = map { if (/\.dtb$/) { $dtb=$_; (); } else { $_ } } @$modules;
600 my $initrd = join ",", @$modules;
602 push(@qemu_flags, ('-kernel', $kbin, '-append', $kcmd));
603 push(@qemu_flags, ('-initrd', $initrd)) if $initrd;
604 push(@qemu_flags, ('-dtb', $dtb)) if $dtb;
606 push(@qemu_flags, qw(-serial stdio)); # Redirect serial output (for collecting test restuls)
607 exec_verbose(($qemu, '-name', $config_name, @qemu_flags));
610 ### Local DHCPD and TFTPD
612 my ($dhcpd_pid, $tftpd_pid);
614 if (defined $dhcp_tftp)
616 generate_configs("(nd)", $generated, $filename);
617 system_verbose('mkdir -p tftpboot');
618 generate_grub_config("tftpboot/os-menu.lst", $config_name, "(nd)", \@$modules, "timeout 0");
619 open(my $fh, '>', 'dhcpd.conf');
620 my $mac = `cat /sys/class/net/eth0/address`;
622 print $fh "subnet 10.23.23.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
623 range 10.23.23.10 10.23.23.100;
624 filename \"bin/boot/grub/pxegrub.pxe\";
625 next-server 10.23.23.1;
628 hardware ethernet $mac;
629 fixed-address 10.23.23.1;
632 system_verbose("sudo ip a add 10.23.23.1/24 dev eth0;
633 sudo ip l set dev eth0 up;
634 sudo touch dhcpd.leases");
637 if ($dhcpd_pid == 0) {
638 # This way, the spawned server are killed when this script is killed.
639 exec_verbose("sudo dhcpd -d -cf dhcpd.conf -lf dhcpd.leases -pf dhcpd.pid");
642 if ($tftpd_pid == 0) {
643 exec_verbose("sudo in.tftpd --foreground --secure -v -v -v $CFG::builddir");
645 $SIG{TERM} = sub { print "CHILDS KILLED\n"; kill 15, $dhcpd_pid, $tftpd_pid; };
648 ### Serial line or IP relay
650 if ($serial || defined $iprelay) {
652 if (defined $iprelay) {
653 print "novaboot: Reseting the test box... ";
654 relay(2, 1, 1); # Reset the machine
661 system("stty -F $serial raw -crtscts -onlcr 115200");
662 open($CONN, "+<", $serial) || die "open $serial: $!";
666 # Pass the NOVA output to stdout.
670 kill 15, $dhcpd_pid, $tftpd_pid if ($dhcp_tftp);
674 ### Wait for dhcpc or tftpd
675 if (defined $dhcp_tftp) {
677 if ($pid == $dhcpd_pid) { print "dhcpd exited!\n"; }
678 elsif ($pid == $tftpd_pid) { print "tftpd exited!\n"; }
679 else { print "wait returned: $pid\n"; }
680 kill(15, 0); # Kill current process group i.e. all remaining children
687 novaboot - A tool for booting various operating systems on various hardware or in qemu
691 B<novaboot> [ options ] [--] script...
693 B<./script> [ options ]
699 This program makes it easier to boot NOVA or other operating system
700 (OS) in different environments. It reads a so called novaboot script
701 and uses it either to boot the OS in an emulator (e.g. in qemu) or to
702 generate the configuration for a specific bootloader and optionally to
703 copy the necessary binaries and other needed files to proper
704 locations, perhaps on a remote server. In case the system is actually
705 booted, its serial output is redirected to standard output if that is
708 A typical way of using novaboot is to make the novaboot script
709 executable and set its first line to I<#!/usr/bin/env novaboot>. Then,
710 booting a particular OS configuration becomes the same as executing a
711 local program - the novaboot script.
713 With C<novaboot> you can:
719 Run an OS in Qemu. This is the default action when no other action is
720 specified by command line switches. Thus running C<novaboot ./script>
721 (or C<./script> as described above) will run Qemu and make it boot the
722 configuration specified in the I<script>.
726 Create a bootloader configuration file (currently supported
727 bootloaders are GRUB, GRUB2 and Pulsar) and copy it with all other
728 files needed for booting to another, perhaps remote, location.
730 ./script --server --iprelay=192.168.1.2
732 This command copies files to a TFTP server specified in the
733 configuration file and uses TCP/IP-controlled relay to reset the test
734 box and receive its serial output.
738 Run DHCP and TFTP server on developer's machine to PXE-boot NOVA from
743 When a PXE-bootable machine is connected via Ethernet to developer's
744 machine, it will boot the configuration described in I<script>.
748 Create bootable ISO images. E.g.
750 novaboot --iso -- script1 script2
752 The created ISO image will have GRUB bootloader installed on it and
753 the boot menu will allow selecting between I<script1> and I<script2>
758 =head1 PHASES AND OPTIONS
760 Novaboot perform its work in several phases. Each phase can be
761 influenced by several options, certain phases can be skipped. The list
762 of phases with the corresponding options follows.
764 =head2 Configuration reading phase
766 After starting, novaboot reads configuration files. By default, it
767 searches for files named F<.novaboot> starting from the directory of
768 the novaboot script (or working directory, see bellow) and continuing
769 upwards up to the root directory. The configuration files are read in
770 order from the root directory downwards with latter files overriding
771 settings from the former ones.
773 In certain cases, the location of the novaboot script cannot be
774 determined in this early phase. This happens either when the script is
775 read from the standard input or when novaboot is invoked explicitly
776 and options precede the script name, as in the example L</"4."> above.
777 In this case the current working directory is used as a starting point
778 for configuration file search.
782 =item -c, --config=<filename>
784 Use the specified configuration file instead of the default one(s).
788 =head2 Command line processing phase
794 Dump the current configuration to stdout end exits. Useful as an
795 initial template for a configuration file.
799 Print short (B<-h>) or long (B<--help>) help.
801 =item -t, --target=<target>
803 This option serves as a user configurable shortcut for other novaboot
804 options. The effect of this option is the same as the options stored
805 in the C<%targets> configuration variable under key I<target>. See
806 also L</"CONFIGURATION FILE">.
810 =head2 Script preprocessing phase
812 This phases allows to modify the parsed novaboot script before it is
813 used in the later phases.
817 =item -a, --append=<parameters>
819 Appends a string to the first "filename" line in the novaboot script.
820 This can be used to append parameters to the kernel's or root task's
825 Use F<bender> chainloader. Bender scans the PCI bus for PCI serial
826 ports and stores the information about them in the BIOS data area for
831 Prints the content of the novaboot script after removing comments and
832 evaluating all I<--scriptmod> expressions. Exit after reading (and
835 =item --scriptmod=I<perl expression>
837 When novaboot script is read, I<perl expression> is executed for every
838 line (in $_ variable). For example, C<novaboot
839 --scriptmod=s/sigma0/omega6/g> replaces every occurrence of I<sigma0>
840 in the script with I<omega6>.
842 When this option is present, it overrides I<$script_modifier> variable
843 from the configuration file, which has the same effect. If this option
844 is given multiple times all expressions are evaluated in the command
849 Strip I<rom://> prefix from command lines and generated config files.
850 The I<rom://> prefix is used by NUL. For NRE, it has to be stripped.
854 =head2 File generation phase
856 In this phase, files needed for booting are generated in a so called
857 I<build directory> (see TODO). In most cases configuration for a
858 bootloader is generated automatically by novaboot. It is also possible
859 to generate other files using I<heredoc> or I<"<"> syntax in novaboot
860 scripts. Finally, binaries can be generated in this phases by running
865 =item --build-dir=<directory>
867 Overrides the default build directory location.
869 The default build directory location is determined as follows:
871 If there is a configuration file, the value specified in the
872 I<$builddir> variable is used. Otherwise, if the current working
873 directory is inside git work tree and there is F<build> directory at
874 the top of that tree, it is used. Otherwise, if directory
875 F<~/nul/build> exists, it is used. Otherwise, it is the directory that
876 contains the first processed novaboot script.
878 =item -g, --grub[=I<filename>]
880 Generates grub bootloader menu file. If the I<filename> is not
881 specified, F<menu.lst> is used. The I<filename> is relative to the
882 build directory (see B<--build-dir>).
884 =item --grub-preamble=I<prefix>
886 Specifies the I<preable> that is at the beginning of the generated
887 GRUB or GRUB2 config files. This is useful for specifying GRUB's
890 =item --grub-prefix=I<prefix>
892 Specifies I<prefix> that is put in front of every file name in GRUB's
893 F<menu.lst>. The default value is the absolute path to the build directory.
895 If the I<prefix> contains string $NAME, it will be replaced with the
896 name of the novaboot script (see also B<--name>).
898 =item --grub2[=I<filename>]
900 Generate GRUB2 menuentry in I<filename>. If I<filename> is not
901 specified F<grub.cfg> is used. The content of the menuentry can be
902 customized with B<--grub-preable>, B<--grub2-prolog> or
903 B<--grub_prefix> options.
905 In order to use the the generated menuentry on your development
906 machine that uses GRUB2, append the following snippet to
907 F</etc/grub.d/40_custom> file and regenerate your grub configuration,
908 i.e. run update-grub on Debian/Ubuntu.
910 if [ -f /path/to/nul/build/grub.cfg ]; then
911 source /path/to/nul/build/grub.cfg
914 =item --grub2-prolog=I<prolog>
916 Specifies text I<preable> that is put at the begiging of the entry
919 =item --name=I<string>
921 Use the name I<string> instead of the name of the novaboot script.
922 This name is used for things like a title of grub menu or for the
923 server directory where the boot files are copied to.
927 Do not generate files on the fly (i.e. "<" syntax) except for the
928 files generated via "<<WORD" syntax.
930 =item -p, --pulsar[=mac]
932 Generates pulsar bootloader configuration file named F<config-I<mac>>
933 The I<mac> string is typically a MAC address and defaults to
936 =item --scons[=scons command]
938 Runs I<scons> to build files that are not generated by novaboot
943 =head2 Target connection check
945 If supported by the target, the connection to it is made and it is
946 checked whether the target is not occupied by another novaboot
949 =head2 File deployment phase
951 In some setups, it is necessary to copy the files needed for booting
952 to a particular location, e.g. to a TFTP boot server or to the
957 =item -d, --dhcp-tftp
959 Turns your workstation into a DHCP and TFTP server so that NOVA
960 can be booted via PXE BIOS on a test machine directly connected by
961 a plain Ethernet cable to your workstation.
963 The DHCP and TFTP servers require root privileges and C<novaboot>
964 uses C<sudo> command to obtain those. You can put the following to
965 I</etc/sudoers> to allow running the necessary commands without
968 Cmnd_Alias NOVABOOT = /bin/ip a add 10.23.23.1/24 dev eth0, /bin/ip l set dev eth0 up, /usr/sbin/dhcpd -d -cf dhcpd.conf -lf dhcpd.leases -pf dhcpd.pid, /usr/sbin/in.tftpd --foreground --secure -v -v -v *, /usr/bin/touch dhcpd.leases
969 your_login ALL=NOPASSWD: NOVABOOT
971 =item -i, --iso[=filename]
973 Generates the ISO image that boots NOVA system via GRUB. If no filename
974 is given, the image is stored under I<NAME>.iso, where I<NAME> is the name
975 of the novaboot script (see also B<--name>).
977 =item --server[=[[user@]server:]path]
979 Copy all files needed for booting to another location (implies B<-g>
980 unless B<--grub2> is given). The files will be copied (by B<rsync>
981 tool) to the directory I<path>. If the I<path> contains string $NAME,
982 it will be replaced with the name of the novaboot script (see also
987 If B<--server> is used and its value ends with $NAME, then after
988 copying the files, a new bootloader configuration file (e.g. menu.lst)
989 is created at I<path-wo-name>, i.e. the path specified by B<--server>
990 with $NAME part removed. The content of the file is created by
991 concatenating all files of the same name from all subdirectories of
992 I<path-wo-name> found on the "server".
994 =item --rsync-flags=I<flags>
996 Specifies which I<flags> are appended to F<rsync> command line when
997 copying files as a result of I<--server> option.
1001 =head2 Target power-on and reset phase
1005 =item --iprelay=I<addr[:port]>
1007 Use IP relay to reset the machine and to get the serial output. The IP
1008 address of the relay is given by I<addr> parameter.
1010 Note: This option is expected to work with HWG-ER02a IP relays.
1014 Switch on/off the target machine. Currently works only with
1017 =item -Q, --qemu=I<qemu-binary>
1019 The name of qemu binary to use. The default is 'qemu'.
1021 =item --qemu-append=I<flags>
1023 Append I<flags> to the default qemu flags (QEMU_FLAGS variable or
1024 C<-cpu coreduo -smp 2>).
1026 =item -q, --qemu-flags=I<flags>
1028 Replace the default qemu flags (QEMU_FLAGS variable or C<-cpu coreduo
1029 -smp 2>) with I<flags> specified here.
1033 =head2 Interaction with the bootloader on the target
1035 See B<--serial>. There will be new options soon.
1037 =head2 Target's output reception phase
1041 =item -s, --serial[=device]
1043 Use serial line to control GRUB bootloader and to see the output
1044 serial output of the machine. The default value is F</dev/ttyUSB0>.
1048 See also B<--iprelay>.
1050 =head2 Termination phase
1052 Daemons that were spwned (F<dhcpd> and F<tftpd>) are killed here.
1054 =head1 NOVABOOT SCRIPT SYNTAX
1056 The syntax tries to mimic POSIX shell syntax. The syntax is defined with the following rules.
1058 Lines starting with "#" are ignored.
1060 Lines that end with "\" are concatenated with the following line after
1061 removal of the final "\" and leading whitespace of the following line.
1063 Lines in the form I<VARIABLE=...> (i.e. matching '^[A-Z_]+=' regular
1064 expression) assign values to internal variables. See VARIABLES
1067 Otherwise, the first word on the line represents the filename
1068 (relative to the build directory (see B<--build-dir>) of the module to
1069 load and the remaining words are passed as the command line
1072 When the line ends with "<<WORD" then the subsequent lines until the
1073 line containing only WORD are copied literally to the file named on
1076 When the line ends with "< CMD" the command CMD is executed with
1077 C</bin/sh> and its standard output is stored in the file named on that
1078 line. The SRCDIR variable in CMD's environment is set to the absolute
1079 path of the directory containing the interpreted novaboot script.
1082 #!/usr/bin/env novaboot
1083 WVDESC=Example program
1084 bin/apps/sigma0.nul S0_DEFAULT script_start:1,1 \
1085 verbose hostkeyb:0,0x60,1,12,2
1087 hello.nulconfig <<EOF
1088 sigma0::mem:16 name::/s0/log name::/s0/timer name::/s0/fs/rom ||
1089 rom://bin/apps/hello.nul
1092 This example will load three modules: sigma0.nul, hello.nul and
1093 hello.nulconfig. sigma0 gets some command line parameters and
1094 hello.nulconfig file is generated on the fly from the lines between
1099 The following variables are interpreted in the novaboot script:
1105 Description of the wvtest-compliant program.
1107 =item WVTEST_TIMEOUT
1109 The timeout in seconds for WvTest harness. If no complete line appears
1110 in the test output within the time specified here, the test fails. It
1111 is necessary to specify this for long running tests that produce no
1112 intermediate output.
1116 Use a specific qemu binary (can be overriden with B<-Q>) and flags
1117 when booting this script under qemu. If QEMU_FLAGS variable is also
1118 specified flags specified in QEMU variable are replaced by those in
1123 Use specific qemu flags (can be overriden with B<-q>).
1125 =item HYPERVISOR_PARAMS
1127 Parameters passed to hypervisor. The default value is "serial", unless
1128 overriden in configuration file.
1132 The kernel to use instead of NOVA hypervisor specified in the
1133 configuration file. The value should contain the name of the kernel
1134 image as well as its command line parameters. If this variable is
1135 defined and non-empty, the variable HYPERVISOR_PARAMS is not used.
1139 =head1 CONFIGURATION FILE
1141 Novaboot can read its configuration from a file. Configuration file
1142 was necessary in early days of novaboot. Nowadays, an attempt is made
1143 to not use the configuration file because it makes certain novaboot
1144 scripts unusable on systems without (or with different) configuration
1145 file. The only recommended use of the configuration file is to specify
1146 custom_options (see bellow).
1148 If you decide to use the configuration file, it is looked up, by
1149 default, in files named F<.novaboot> as described in L</Configuration
1150 reading phase>. Alternatively, its location can be specified with the
1151 B<-c> switch or with the NOVABOOT_CONFIG environment variable. The
1152 configuration file has perl syntax and should set values of certain
1153 Perl variables. The current configuration can be dumped with the
1154 B<--dump-config> switch. Some configuration variables can be overriden
1155 by environment variables (see below) or by command line switches.
1157 Documentation of some configuration variables follows:
1163 Custom chainloaders to load before hypervisor and files specified in
1164 novaboot script. E.g. ('bin/boot/bender promisc', 'bin/boot/zapp').
1168 Hash of shortcuts to be used with the B<--target> option. If the hash
1169 contains, for instance, the following pair of values
1171 'mybox' => '--server=boot:/tftproot --serial=/dev/ttyUSB0 --grub',
1173 then the following two commands are equivalent:
1175 ./script --server=boot:/tftproot --serial=/dev/ttyUSB0 --grub
1180 =head1 ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
1182 Some options can be specified not only via config file or command line
1183 but also through environment variables. Environment variables override
1184 the values from configuration file and command line parameters
1185 override the environment variables.
1189 =item NOVABOOT_CONFIG
1191 Name of the novaboot configuration file to use instead of the default
1194 =item NOVABOOT_BENDER
1196 Defining this variable has the same meaning as B<--bender> option.
1202 Michal Sojka <sojka@os.inf.tu-dresden.de>