3 # This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
4 # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
5 # the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or
6 # (at your option) any later version.
8 # This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
9 # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
10 # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
11 # GNU General Public License for more details.
13 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
14 # along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
18 use warnings (exists $ENV{NOVABOOT_TEST} ? (FATAL => 'all') : ());
19 use Getopt::Long qw(GetOptionsFromString GetOptionsFromArray);
24 use Time::HiRes("usleep");
28 use POSIX qw(:errno_h);
29 use Cwd qw(getcwd abs_path);
35 my $invocation_dir = $ENV{PWD} || getcwd();
37 ## Configuration file handling
39 # Default configuration
40 $CFG::hypervisor = "";
41 $CFG::hypervisor_params = "serial";
42 $CFG::genisoimage = "genisoimage";
43 $CFG::qemu = 'qemu-system-i386 -cpu coreduo -smp 2';
44 $CFG::default_target = 'qemu';
47 "tud" => '--server=erwin.inf.tu-dresden.de:~sojka/boot/novaboot --rsync-flags="--chmod=Dg+s,ug+w,o-w,+rX --rsync-path=\"umask 002 && rsync\"" --grub --grub-prefix=(nd)/tftpboot/sojka/novaboot --grub-preamble="timeout 0" --concat --iprelay=141.76.48.80:2324 --scriptmod=s/\\\\bhostserial\\\\b/hostserialpci/g',
48 "novabox" => '--server=rtime.felk.cvut.cz:/srv/tftp/novaboot --rsync-flags="--chmod=Dg+s,ug+w,o-w,+rX --rsync-path=\"umask 002 && rsync\"" --pulsar --iprelay=147.32.86.92:2324',
49 "localhost" => '--scriptmod=s/console=tty[A-Z0-9,]+// --server=/boot/novaboot/$NAME --grub2 --grub-prefix=/boot/novaboot/$NAME --grub2-prolog=" set root=\'(hd0,msdos1)\'"',
50 "ryu" => '--uboot --uboot-init="mw f0000b00 \${psc_cfg}; sleep 1" --uboot-addr kernel=800000 --uboot-addr ramdisk=b00000 --uboot-addr fdt=7f0000',
51 "ryuglab" => '--target ryu --server=pc-sojkam.felk.cvut.cz:/srv/tftp --remote-cmd="ssh -tt pc-sojkam.felk.cvut.cz \"sterm -d -s 115200 /dev/ttyUSB0\""',
52 "ryulocal" => '--target ryu --dhcp-tftp --serial --reset-cmd="if which dtrrts; then dtrrts $NB_SERIAL 0 1; sleep 0.1; dtrrts $NB_SERIAL 1 1; fi"',
54 chomp(my $nproc = `nproc`);
55 $CFG::scons = "scons -j$nproc";
56 $CFG::make = "make -j$nproc";
63 package CFG; # Put config data into a separate namespace
68 die("ERROR: Failure compiling '$cfg' - $@");
69 } elsif (! defined($rc)) {
70 die("ERROR: Failure reading '$cfg' - $!");
72 die("ERROR: Failure processing '$cfg'");
75 $builddir = File::Spec->rel2abs($CFG::builddir, dirname($cfg)) if defined $CFG::builddir;
76 print STDERR "novaboot: Read $cfg\n";
81 # We don't use $0 here, because it points to the novaboot itself and
82 # not to the novaboot script. The problem with this approach is that
83 # when a script is run as "novaboot <options> <script>" then $ARGV[0]
84 # contains the first option. Hence the -f check.
85 my $dir = File::Spec->rel2abs($ARGV[0] && -f $ARGV[0] ? dirname($ARGV[0]) : '', $invocation_dir);
86 while ((-d $dir || -l $dir ) && $dir ne "/") {
87 push @cfgs, "$dir/.novaboot" if -r "$dir/.novaboot";
88 my @dirs = File::Spec->splitdir($dir);
89 $dir = File::Spec->catdir(@dirs[0..$#dirs-1]);
91 @cfgs = reverse @cfgs;
92 $dir = $ENV{'NOVABOOT_CONFIG_DIR'} || '/etc/novaboot.d';
93 if (opendir(my $dh, $dir)) {
94 my @etccfg = map { "$dir/$_" } grep { /^[-_a-zA-Z0-9]+$/ && -f "$dir/$_" } readdir($dh);
96 @etccfg = sort(@etccfg);
97 @cfgs = ( @etccfg, @cfgs );
100 my $cfg = $ENV{'NOVABOOT_CONFIG'};
101 Getopt::Long::Configure(qw/no_ignore_case pass_through/);
102 GetOptions ("config|c=s" => \$cfg);
103 read_config($_) foreach $cfg or @cfgs;
105 ## Command line handling
108 GetOptions ("target|t=s" => \$explicit_target);
110 my ($amt, @append, $bender, @chainloaders, $concat, $config_name_opt, $dhcp_tftp, $dump_opt, $dump_config, @exiton, @expect_raw, $gen_only, $grub_config, $grub_prefix, $grub_preamble, $grub2_prolog, $grub2_config, $help, $ider, $iprelay, $iso_image, $interactive, $kernel_opt, $make, $man, $no_file_gen, $off_opt, $on_opt, $pulsar, $pulsar_root, $qemu, $qemu_append, $qemu_flags_cmd, $remote_cmd, $remote_expect, $reset, $reset_cmd, $rom_prefix, $rsync_flags, @scriptmod, $scons, $serial, $server, $stty, $tftp, $tftp_port, $uboot, %uboot_addr, @uboot_init);
113 $rom_prefix = 'rom://';
114 $stty = 'raw -crtscts -onlcr 115200';
115 $reset = 1; # Reset target by default
117 my @expect_seen = ();
121 push(@expect_seen, '-re') if $n eq "expect-re";
122 push(@expect_seen, $v);
128 unless (@expect_seen) { die("No --expect before --send"); }
129 my $ret = ($n eq "sendcont") ? exp_continue : 0;
130 unshift(@expect_raw, sub { shift->send(eval("\"$v\"")); $ret; });
131 unshift(@expect_raw, @expect_seen);
138 "append|a=s" => \@append,
139 "bender|b" => \$bender,
140 "build-dir=s" => sub { my ($n, $v) = @_; $builddir = File::Spec->rel2abs($v); },
141 "concat" => \$concat,
142 "chainloader=s" => \@chainloaders,
143 "dhcp-tftp|d" => \$dhcp_tftp,
144 "dump" => \$dump_opt,
145 "dump-config" => \$dump_config,
146 "exiton=s" => \@exiton,
147 "exiton-re=s" => sub { my ($n, $v) = @_; push(@exiton, '-re', $v); },
148 "expect=s" => \&handle_expect,
149 "expect-re=s" => \&handle_expect,
150 "expect-raw=s" => sub { my ($n, $v) = @_; unshift(@expect_raw, eval($v)); },
151 "gen-only" => \$gen_only,
152 "grub|g:s" => \$grub_config,
153 "grub-preamble=s"=> \$grub_preamble,
154 "prefix|grub-prefix=s" => \$grub_prefix,
155 "grub2:s" => \$grub2_config,
156 "grub2-prolog=s" => \$grub2_prolog,
158 "iprelay=s" => \$iprelay,
159 "iso:s" => \$iso_image,
160 "kernel|k=s" => \$kernel_opt,
161 "interactive|i" => \$interactive,
162 "name=s" => \$config_name_opt,
163 "make|m:s" => \$make,
164 "no-file-gen" => \$no_file_gen,
167 "pulsar|p:s" => \$pulsar,
168 "pulsar-root=s" => \$pulsar_root,
169 "qemu|Q:s" => \$qemu,
170 "qemu-append=s" => \$qemu_append,
171 "qemu-flags|q=s" => \$qemu_flags_cmd,
172 "remote-cmd=s" => \$remote_cmd,
173 "remote-expect=s"=> \$remote_expect,
175 "reset-cmd=s" => \$reset_cmd,
176 "rsync-flags=s" => \$rsync_flags,
177 "scons:s" => \$scons,
178 "scriptmod=s" => \@scriptmod,
179 "send=s" => \&handle_send,
180 "sendcont=s" => \&handle_send,
181 "serial|s:s" => \$serial,
182 "server:s" => \$server,
183 "strip-rom" => sub { $rom_prefix = ''; },
186 "tftp-port=i" => \$tftp_port,
187 "uboot:s" => \$uboot,
188 "uboot-addr=s" => \%uboot_addr,
189 "uboot-init=s" => \@uboot_init,
194 # First process target options
196 my $t = defined($explicit_target) ? $explicit_target : $CFG::default_target;
198 Getopt::Long::Configure(qw/no_ignore_case pass_through/);
200 exists $CFG::targets{$t} or die("Unknown target '$t' (valid targets are: ".join(", ", sort keys(%CFG::targets)).")");
202 undef $explicit_target;
203 my ($ret, $remaining_args) = GetOptionsFromString ($CFG::targets{$t}, ("target|t=s" => \$explicit_target));
204 if (!$ret) { die "Error parsing target $t option"; }
205 push(@target_expanded, @$remaining_args);
206 $t = $explicit_target;
208 Getopt::Long::Configure(qw/no_ignore_case no_pass_through/);
209 GetOptionsFromArray(\@target_expanded, %opt_spec) or die ("Error in target definition");
212 # Then process other command line options - some of them may override
213 # what was specified by the target
214 GetOptions %opt_spec or die("Error in command line arguments");
215 pod2usage(1) if $help;
216 pod2usage(-exitstatus => 0, -verbose => 2) if $man;
218 ### Dump sanitized configuration (if requested)
222 $Data::Dumper::Indent=1;
223 print "# This file is in perl syntax.\n";
224 foreach my $key(sort(keys(%CFG::))) { # See "Symbol Tables" in perlmod(1)
225 if (defined ${$CFG::{$key}}) { print Data::Dumper->Dump([${$CFG::{$key}}], ["*$key"]); }
226 if ( @{$CFG::{$key}}) { print Data::Dumper->Dump([\@{$CFG::{$key}}], ["*$key"]); }
227 if ( %{$CFG::{$key}}) { print Data::Dumper->Dump([\%{$CFG::{$key}}], ["*$key"]); }
233 ### Sanitize configuration
235 if ($interactive && !-t STDIN) {
236 die("novaboot: Interactive mode not supported when not on terminal");
239 if (defined $config_name_opt && scalar(@ARGV) > 1) { die "You cannot use --name with multiple scripts"; }
242 $iso_image //= ''; # IDE-R needs an ISO image
243 if (!defined $amt) { die "Error: --ider requires --amt"; }
247 if (defined $serial) {
248 $serial ||= "/dev/ttyUSB0";
249 $ENV{NB_SERIAL} = $serial;
251 if (defined $grub_config) { $grub_config ||= "menu.lst"; }
252 if (defined $grub2_config) { $grub2_config ||= "grub.cfg"; }
254 ## Parse the novaboot script(s)
259 my ($modules, $variables, $generated, $continuation) = ([], {}, []);
260 my $skip_reading = defined($on_opt) || defined($off_opt);
261 while (!$skip_reading && ($_ = <>)) {
262 if ($ARGV ne $last_fn) { # New script
263 die "Missing EOF in $last_fn" if $file;
264 die "Unfinished line in $last_fn" if $continuation;
266 push @scripts, { 'filename' => $ARGV,
267 'modules' => $modules = [],
268 'variables' => $variables = {},
269 'generated' => $generated = []};
273 next if /^#/ || /^\s*$/; # Skip comments and empty lines
275 $_ =~ s/^[[:space:]]*// if ($continuation);
277 if (/\\$/) { # Line continuation
278 $continuation .= substr($_, 0, length($_)-1);
282 if ($continuation) { # Last continuation line
283 $_ = $continuation . $_;
287 foreach my $mod(@scriptmod) { eval $mod; }
289 if ($file && $_ eq $EOF) { # Heredoc end
293 if ($file) { # Heredoc content
294 push @{$file}, "$_\n";
297 if (/^([A-Z_]+)=(.*)$/) { # Internal variable
298 $$variables{$1} = $2;
299 push(@exiton, $2) if ($1 eq "EXITON");
302 if (s/^load *//) { # Load line
303 die("novaboot: '$last_fn' line $.: Missing file name\n") unless /^[^ <]+/;
304 if (/^([^ ]*)(.*?)[[:space:]]*<<([^ ]*)$/) { # Heredoc start
305 push @$modules, "$1$2";
307 push @$generated, {filename => $1, content => $file};
311 if (/^([^ ]*)(.*?)[[:space:]]*< ?(.*)$/) { # Command substitution
312 push @$modules, "$1$2";
313 push @$generated, {filename => $1, command => $3};
319 if (/^run (.*)/) { # run line
320 push @$generated, {command => $1};
323 if (/^uboot(?::([0-9]+)s)? (.*)/) { # uboot line
324 # TODO: If U-Boot supports some interactive menu, it might
325 # make sense to store uboot lines per novaboot script.
326 if ($1) { # Command with explicit timeout
327 push @uboot_init, { command => $2,
329 } else { # Command without explicit timeout
330 push @uboot_init, $2;
335 die("novaboot: Cannot parse script '$last_fn' line $.. Didn't you forget 'load' keyword?\n");
338 # print Dumper(\@scripts);
340 foreach my $script (@scripts) {
341 $modules = $$script{modules};
342 @$modules[0] =~ s/^[^ ]*/$kernel_opt/ if $kernel_opt;
343 @$modules[0] .= ' ' . join(' ', @append) if @append;
346 if (exists $variables->{KERNEL}) {
347 $kernel = $variables->{KERNEL};
349 if ($CFG::hypervisor) {
350 $kernel = $CFG::hypervisor . " ";
351 if (exists $variables->{HYPERVISOR_PARAMS}) {
352 $kernel .= $variables->{HYPERVISOR_PARAMS};
354 $kernel .= $CFG::hypervisor_params;
358 @$modules = ($kernel, @$modules) if $kernel;
359 @$modules = (@chainloaders, @$modules);
360 @$modules = ("bin/boot/bender", @$modules) if ($bender || defined $ENV{'NOVABOOT_BENDER'});
364 foreach my $script (@scripts) {
365 print join("\n", @{$$script{modules}})."\n";
372 sub generate_configs($$$) {
373 my ($base, $generated, $filename) = @_;
374 if ($base) { $base = "$base/"; };
375 foreach my $g(@$generated) {
376 if (exists $$g{content}) {
377 my $config = $$g{content};
378 my $fn = $$g{filename};
379 open(my $f, '>', $fn) || die("$fn: $!");
380 map { s|\brom://([^ ]*)|$rom_prefix$base$1|g; print $f "$_"; } @{$config};
382 print "novaboot: Created $fn\n";
383 } elsif (exists $$g{command} && ! $no_file_gen) {
384 $ENV{SRCDIR} = dirname(File::Spec->rel2abs( $filename, $invocation_dir ));
385 if (exists $$g{filename}) {
386 system_verbose("( $$g{command} ) > $$g{filename}");
388 system_verbose($$g{command});
394 sub generate_grub_config($$$$;$)
396 my ($filename, $title, $base, $modules_ref, $preamble) = @_;
397 if ($base) { $base = "$base/"; };
398 open(my $fg, '>', $filename) or die "$filename: $!";
399 print $fg "$preamble\n" if $preamble;
400 print $fg "title $title\n" if $title;
401 #print $fg "root $base\n"; # root doesn't really work for (nd)
403 foreach (@$modules_ref) {
406 my ($kbin, $kcmd) = split(' ', $_, 2);
407 $kcmd = '' if !defined $kcmd;
408 print $fg "kernel ${base}$kbin $kcmd\n";
410 s|\brom://([^ ]*)|$rom_prefix$base$1|g; # Translate rom:// files - needed for vdisk parameter of sigma0
411 print $fg "module $base$_\n";
415 print("novaboot: Created $builddir/$filename\n");
419 sub generate_syslinux_config($$$$)
421 my ($filename, $title, $base, $modules_ref) = @_;
422 if ($base && $base !~ /\/$/) { $base = "$base/"; };
423 open(my $fg, '>', $filename) or die "$filename: $!";
424 print $fg "LABEL $title\n";
425 #TODO print $fg "MENU LABEL $human_readable_title\n";
427 my ($kbin, $kcmd) = split(' ', @$modules_ref[0], 2);
429 if (system("file $kbin|grep 'Linux kernel'") == 0) {
430 my $initrd = @$modules_ref[1];
431 die('To many "load" lines for Linux kernel') if (scalar @$modules_ref > 2);
432 print $fg "LINUX $base$kbin\n";
433 print $fg "APPEND $kcmd\n";
434 print $fg "INITRD $base$initrd\n";
436 print $fg "KERNEL mboot.c32\n";
438 foreach (@$modules_ref) {
439 s|\brom://([^ ]*)|$rom_prefix$base$1|g; # Translate rom:// files - needed for vdisk parameter of sigma0
440 push @append, "$base$_";
441 print $fg "APPEND ".join(' --- ', @append)."\n";
444 #TODO print $fg "TEXT HELP\n";
445 #TODO print $fg "some help here\n";
446 #TODO print $fg "ENDTEXT\n";
448 print("novaboot: Created $builddir/$filename\n");
452 sub generate_grub2_config($$$$;$$)
454 my ($filename, $title, $base, $modules_ref, $preamble, $prolog) = @_;
455 if ($base && substr($base,-1,1) ne '/') { $base = "$base/"; };
456 open(my $fg, '>', $filename) or die "$filename: $!";
457 print $fg "$preamble\n" if $preamble;
458 $title ||= 'novaboot';
459 print $fg "menuentry $title {\n";
460 print $fg "$prolog\n" if $prolog;
462 foreach (@$modules_ref) {
465 my ($kbin, $kcmd) = split(' ', $_, 2);
466 $kcmd = '' if !defined $kcmd;
467 print $fg " multiboot ${base}$kbin $kcmd\n";
470 # GRUB2 doesn't pass filename in multiboot info so we have to duplicate it here
471 $_ = join(' ', ($args[0], @args));
472 s|\brom://|$rom_prefix|g; # We do not need to translate path for GRUB2
473 print $fg " module $base$_\n";
478 print("novaboot: Created $builddir/$filename\n");
482 sub generate_pulsar_config($$)
484 my ($filename, $modules_ref) = @_;
485 open(my $fg, '>', $filename) or die "$filename: $!";
486 print $fg "root $pulsar_root\n" if defined $pulsar_root;
489 foreach (@$modules_ref) {
492 ($kbin, $kcmd) = split(' ', $_, 2);
493 $kcmd = '' if !defined $kcmd;
496 s|\brom://|$rom_prefix|g;
497 print $fg "load $_\n";
500 # Put kernel as last - this is needed for booting Linux and has no influence on non-Linux OSes
501 print $fg "exec $kbin $kcmd\n";
503 print("novaboot: Created $builddir/$filename\n");
507 sub shell_cmd_string(@)
509 return join(' ', map((/^[-_=a-zA-Z0-9\/\.\+]+$/ ? "$_" : "'$_'"), @_));
514 print "novaboot: Running: ".shell_cmd_string(@_)."\n";
516 exit(1); # should not be reached
519 sub system_verbose($)
522 print "novaboot: Running: $cmd\n";
523 my $ret = system($cmd);
524 if ($ret & 0x007f) { die("Command terminated by a signal"); }
525 if ($ret & 0xff00) {die("Command exit with non-zero exit code"); }
526 if ($ret) { die("Command failure $ret"); }
531 if (exists $variables->{WVDESC}) {
532 print "Testing \"$variables->{WVDESC}\" in $last_fn:\n";
533 } elsif ($last_fn =~ /\.wv$/) {
534 print "Testing \"all\" in $last_fn:\n";
537 ## Connect to the target and check whether it is not occupied
539 # We have to do this before file generation phase, because file
540 # generation is intermixed with file deployment phase and we want to
541 # check whether the target is not used by somebody else before
542 # deploying files. Otherwise, we may rewrite other user's files on a
545 my $exp; # Expect object to communicate with the target over serial line
547 my ($target_reset, $target_power_on, $target_power_off);
548 my ($amt_user, $amt_password, $amt_host, $amt_port);
550 if (defined $iprelay) {
552 $iprelay =~ /([.0-9]+)(:([0-9]+))?/;
555 my $paddr = sockaddr_in($port, inet_aton($addr));
556 my $proto = getprotobyname('tcp');
557 socket($IPRELAY, PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, $proto) || die "socket: $!";
558 print "novaboot: Connecting to IP relay... ";
559 connect($IPRELAY, $paddr) || die "connect: $!";
561 $exp = Expect->init(\*$IPRELAY);
565 print $exp "\xFF\xF6"; # AYT
566 my $connected = $exp->expect(20, # Timeout in seconds
567 '<iprelayd: connected>',
568 '-re', '<WEB51 HW[^>]*>');
573 my ($relay, $onoff) = @_;
574 die unless ($relay == 1 || $relay == 2);
576 my $cmd = ($relay == 1 ? 0x5 : 0x6) | ($onoff ? 0x20 : 0x10);
577 return "\xFF\xFA\x2C\x32".chr($cmd)."\xFF\xF0";
581 my ($relay, $onoff) = @_;
582 die unless ($relay == 1 || $relay == 2);
583 my $cmd = ($relay == 1 ? 0xdf : 0xbf) | ($onoff ? 0x00 : 0xff);
584 return "\xFF\xFA\x2C\x97".chr($cmd)."\xFF\xF0";
588 my ($relay, $onoff, $can_giveup) = @_;
589 my $confirmation = '';
591 print $exp relaycmd($relay, $onoff);
592 my $confirmed = $exp->expect(20, # Timeout in seconds
593 relayconf($relay, $onoff));
596 print("Relay confirmation timeout - ignoring\n");
598 die "Relay confirmation timeout";
604 $target_reset = sub {
605 relay(2, 1, 1); # Reset the machine
610 $target_power_off = sub {
611 relay(1, 1); # Press power button
612 usleep(6000000); # Long press to switch off
616 $target_power_on = sub {
617 relay(1, 1); # Press power button
618 usleep(100000); # Short press
624 system_verbose("stty -F $serial $stty");
625 open($CONN, "+<", $serial) || die "open $serial: $!";
626 $exp = Expect->init(\*$CONN);
628 elsif ($remote_cmd) {
629 print "novaboot: Running: $remote_cmd\n";
630 $exp = Expect->spawn($remote_cmd);
632 elsif (defined $amt) {
633 require LWP::UserAgent;
634 require LWP::Authen::Digest;
637 my ($host, $username, $password, $schema, $className, $pstate) = @_;
638 #AMT numbers for PowerStateChange (MNI => bluescreen on windows;-)
639 my %pstates = ("on" => 2,
646 <s:Envelope xmlns:s="http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope" xmlns:a="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2004/08/addressing" xmlns:w="http://schemas.dmtf.org/wbem/wsman/1/wsman.xsd">
647 <s:Header><a:To>http://$host:16992/wsman</a:To>
648 <w:ResourceURI s:mustUnderstand="true">$schema</w:ResourceURI>
649 <a:ReplyTo><a:Address s:mustUnderstand="true">http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2004/08/addressing/role/anonymous</a:Address></a:ReplyTo>
650 <a:Action s:mustUnderstand="true">$schema$className</a:Action>
651 <w:MaxEnvelopeSize s:mustUnderstand="true">153600</w:MaxEnvelopeSize>
652 <a:MessageID>uuid:709072C9-609C-4B43-B301-075004043C7C</a:MessageID>
653 <w:Locale xml:lang="en-US" s:mustUnderstand="false" />
654 <w:OperationTimeout>PT60.000S</w:OperationTimeout>
655 <w:SelectorSet><w:Selector Name="Name">Intel(r) AMT Power Management Service</w:Selector></w:SelectorSet>
657 <p:RequestPowerStateChange_INPUT xmlns:p="http://schemas.dmtf.org/wbem/wscim/1/cim-schema/2/CIM_PowerManagementService">
658 <p:PowerState>$pstates{$pstate}</p:PowerState>
659 <p:ManagedElement><a:Address>http://$host:16992/wsman</a:Address>
660 <a:ReferenceParameters><w:ResourceURI>http://schemas.dmtf.org/wbem/wscim/1/cim-schema/2/CIM_ComputerSystem</w:ResourceURI>
661 <w:SelectorSet><w:Selector Name="Name">ManagedSystem</w:Selector></w:SelectorSet>
662 </a:ReferenceParameters></p:ManagedElement>
663 </p:RequestPowerStateChange_INPUT>
664 </s:Body></s:Envelope>
669 my ($host, $username, $password, $content) = @_;
671 my $ua = LWP::UserAgent->new();
672 $ua->agent("novaboot");
674 my $req = HTTP::Request->new(POST => "http://$host:16992/wsman");
675 my $res = $ua->request($req);
676 die ("Unexpected AMT response: " . $res->status_line) unless $res->code == 401;
678 my ($realm) = $res->header("WWW-Authenticate") =~ /Digest realm="(.*?)"/;
679 $ua->credentials("$host:16992", $realm, $username => $password);
682 $req = HTTP::Request->new(POST => "http://$host:16992/wsman");
683 $req->content_type('application/x-www-form-urlencoded');
684 $req->content($content);
685 $res = $ua->request($req);
686 die ("AMT power change request failed: " . $res->status_line) unless $res->is_success;
687 $res->content() =~ /<g:ReturnValue>(\d+)<\/g:ReturnValue>/;
692 my ($host, $username, $password, $pstate)=@_;
693 my $schema="http://schemas.dmtf.org/wbem/wscim/1/cim-schema/2/CIM_PowerManagementService";
694 my $className="/RequestPowerStateChange";
695 my $content = genXML($host, $username, $password ,$schema, $className, $pstate);
696 return sendPOST($host, $username, $password, $content);
699 ($amt_user,$amt_password,$amt_host,$amt_port) = ($amt =~ /(?:(.*?)(?::(.*))?@)?([^:]*)(?::([0-9]*))?/);;
700 $amt_user ||= "admin";
701 $amt_password ||= $ENV{'AMT_PASSWORD'} || die "AMT password not specified";
702 $amt_host || die "AMT host not specified";
706 $target_power_off = sub {
708 my $result = powerChange($amt_host,$amt_user,$amt_password, "off");
709 die "AMT power off failed (ReturnValue $result)" if $result != 0;
712 $target_power_on = sub {
713 my $result = powerChange($amt_host,$amt_user,$amt_password, "on");
714 die "AMT power on failed (ReturnValue $result)" if $result != 0;
717 $target_reset = sub {
718 my $result = powerChange($amt_host,$amt_user,$amt_password, "reset");
720 print STDERR "Warning: Cannot reset $amt_host, trying power on. ";
721 $result = powerChange($amt_host,$amt_user,$amt_password, "on");
723 die "AMT reset failed (ReturnValue $result)" if $result != 0;
726 my $cmd = "amtterm -u $amt_user -p $amt_password $amt_host $amt_port";
727 print "novaboot: Running: $cmd\n" =~ s/\Q$amt_password\E/???/r;
728 $exp = Expect->spawn($cmd);
729 $exp->expect(10, "RUN_SOL") || die "Expect for 'RUN_SOL' timed out";
734 if ($remote_expect) {
735 $exp || die("No serial line connection");
736 $exp->expect(180, $remote_expect) || die "Expect for '$remote_expect' timed out";
739 if (defined $reset_cmd) {
740 $target_reset = sub {
741 system_verbose($reset_cmd);
745 if (defined $on_opt && defined $target_power_on) {
749 if (defined $off_opt && defined $target_power_off) {
750 print "novaboot: Switching the target off...\n";
751 &$target_power_off();
755 $builddir ||= dirname(File::Spec->rel2abs( ${$scripts[0]}{filename})) if scalar @scripts;
756 if (defined $builddir) {
757 chdir($builddir) or die "Can't change directory to $builddir: $!";
758 print "novaboot: Entering directory `$builddir'\n";
760 $builddir = $invocation_dir;
763 ## File generation phase
764 my (%files_iso, $menu_iso, $filename);
765 my $config_name = '';
768 foreach my $script (@scripts) {
769 $filename = $$script{filename};
770 $modules = $$script{modules};
771 $generated = $$script{generated};
772 $variables = $$script{variables};
774 ($config_name = $filename) =~ s#.*/##;
775 $config_name = $config_name_opt if (defined $config_name_opt);
777 if (exists $variables->{BUILDDIR}) {
778 $builddir = File::Spec->rel2abs($variables->{BUILDDIR});
779 chdir($builddir) or die "Can't change directory to $builddir: $!";
780 print "novaboot: Entering directory `$builddir'\n";
784 $prefix = $grub_prefix;
785 $prefix =~ s/\$NAME/$config_name/;
786 $prefix =~ s/\$BUILDDIR/$builddir/;
788 # TODO: use $grub_prefix as first parameter if some switch is given
789 generate_configs('', $generated, $filename);
791 ### Generate bootloader configuration files
792 my @bootloader_configs;
793 push @bootloader_configs, generate_grub_config($grub_config, $config_name, $prefix, $modules, $grub_preamble) if (defined $grub_config);
794 push @bootloader_configs, generate_grub2_config($grub2_config, $config_name, $prefix, $modules, $grub_preamble, $grub2_prolog) if (defined $grub2_config);
795 push @bootloader_configs, generate_pulsar_config('config-'.($pulsar||'novaboot'), $modules) if (defined $pulsar);
797 ### Run scons or make
799 my @files = map({ ($file) = m/([^ ]*)/; $file; } @$modules);
800 # Filter-out generated files
801 my @to_build = grep({ my $file = $_; !scalar(grep($file eq ($$_{filename} || ''), @$generated)) } @files);
803 system_verbose($scons || $CFG::scons." ".join(" ", @to_build)) if (defined $scons);
804 system_verbose($make || $CFG::make ." ".join(" ", @to_build)) if (defined $make);
807 ### Copy files (using rsync)
808 if (defined $server && !defined($gen_only)) {
809 (my $real_server = $server) =~ s/\$NAME/$config_name/;
811 my ($hostname, $path) = split(":", $real_server, 2);
812 if (! defined $path) {
816 my $files = join(" ", map({ ($file) = m/([^ ]*)/; $file; } ( @$modules, @bootloader_configs)));
817 map({ my $file = (split)[0]; die "$file: $!" if ! -f $file; } @$modules);
818 my $istty = -t STDOUT && ($ENV{'TERM'} || 'dumb') ne 'dumb';
819 my $progress = $istty ? "--progress" : "";
820 system_verbose("rsync $progress -RLp $rsync_flags $files $real_server");
821 if ($server =~ m|/\$NAME$| && $concat) {
822 my $cmd = join("; ", map { "( cd $path/.. && cat */$_ > $_ )" } @bootloader_configs);
823 system_verbose($hostname ? "ssh $hostname '$cmd'" : $cmd);
827 ### Prepare ISO image generation
828 if (defined $iso_image) {
829 generate_configs("(cd)", $generated, $filename);
831 generate_syslinux_config(\$menu, $config_name, "/", $modules);
832 $menu_iso .= "$menu\n";
833 map { ($file,undef) = split; $files_iso{$file} = 1; } @$modules;
837 ## Generate ISO image
838 if (defined $iso_image) {
839 system_verbose("mkdir -p isolinux");
842 if (-f '/usr/lib/ISOLINUX/isolinux.bin') {
843 # Newer ISOLINUX version
844 @files = qw(/usr/lib/ISOLINUX/isolinux.bin /usr/lib/syslinux/modules/bios/mboot.c32 /usr/lib/syslinux/modules/bios/libcom32.c32 /usr/lib/syslinux/modules/bios/menu.c32 /usr/lib/syslinux/modules/bios/ldlinux.c32);
846 # Older ISOLINUX version
847 @files = qw(/usr/lib/syslinux/isolinux.bin /usr/lib/syslinux/mboot.c32 /usr/lib/syslinux/menu.c32);
849 system_verbose("cp @files isolinux");
850 open(my $fh, ">isolinux/isolinux.cfg");
852 print $fh "TIMEOUT 50\n";
853 print $fh "DEFAULT menu\n";
855 print $fh "DEFAULT $config_name\n";
857 print $fh "$menu_iso";
860 my $files = join(" ", map("$_=$_", (keys(%files_iso), 'isolinux/isolinux.cfg', map(s|.*/|isolinux/|r, @files))));
861 $iso_image ||= "$config_name.iso";
863 # Note: We use -U flag below to "Allow 'untranslated' filenames,
864 # completely violating the ISO9660 standards". Without this
865 # option, isolinux is not able to read files names for example
867 system_verbose("$CFG::genisoimage -R -b isolinux/isolinux.bin -c isolinux/boot.cat -no-emul-boot -boot-load-size 4 -boot-info-table -hide-rr-moved -U -o $iso_image -graft-points $files");
868 print("ISO image created: $builddir/$iso_image\n");
871 exit(0) if defined $gen_only;
873 ## Boot the system using various methods and send serial output to stdout
875 if (scalar(@scripts) > 1 && ( defined $dhcp_tftp || defined $serial || defined $iprelay)) {
876 die "You cannot do this with multiple scripts simultaneously";
879 if ($variables->{WVTEST_TIMEOUT}) {
880 print "wvtest: timeout ", $variables->{WVTEST_TIMEOUT}, "\n";
885 $str =~ s/^\s+|\s+$//g;
893 $qemu ||= $variables->{QEMU} || $CFG::qemu;
894 my @qemu_flags = split(" ", $qemu);
895 $qemu = shift(@qemu_flags);
897 @qemu_flags = split(/ +/, trim($variables->{QEMU_FLAGS})) if exists $variables->{QEMU_FLAGS};
898 @qemu_flags = split(/ +/, trim($qemu_flags_cmd)) if $qemu_flags_cmd;
899 push(@qemu_flags, split(/ +/, trim($qemu_append || '')));
901 if (defined $iso_image) {
902 # Boot NOVA with grub (and test the iso image)
903 push(@qemu_flags, ('-cdrom', $iso_image));
905 # Boot NOVA without GRUB
907 # Non-patched qemu doesn't like commas, but NUL can live with pluses instead of commans
908 foreach (@$modules) {s/,/+/g;}
909 generate_configs("", $generated, $filename);
911 if (scalar @$modules) {
912 my ($kbin, $kcmd) = split(' ', shift(@$modules), 2);
913 $kcmd = '' if !defined $kcmd;
915 @$modules = map { if (/\.dtb$/) { $dtb=$_; (); } else { $_ } } @$modules;
916 my $initrd = join ",", @$modules;
918 push(@qemu_flags, ('-kernel', $kbin, '-append', $kcmd));
919 push(@qemu_flags, ('-initrd', $initrd)) if $initrd;
920 push(@qemu_flags, ('-dtb', $dtb)) if $dtb;
923 push(@qemu_flags, qw(-serial stdio)); # Redirect serial output (for collecting test restuls)
924 unshift(@qemu_flags, ('-name', $config_name));
925 print "novaboot: Running: ".shell_cmd_string($qemu, @qemu_flags)."\n";
926 $exp = Expect->spawn(($qemu, @qemu_flags)) || die("exec() failed: $!");
929 ### Local DHCPD and TFTPD
931 my ($dhcpd_pid, $tftpd_pid);
933 $tftp=1 if $tftp_port;
935 if (defined $dhcp_tftp)
937 generate_configs("(nd)", $generated, $filename);
938 system_verbose('mkdir -p tftpboot');
939 generate_grub_config("tftpboot/os-menu.lst", $config_name, "(nd)", \@$modules, "timeout 0");
940 open(my $fh, '>', 'dhcpd.conf');
941 my $mac = `cat /sys/class/net/eth0/address`;
943 print $fh "subnet 10.23.23.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
944 range 10.23.23.10 10.23.23.100;
945 filename \"bin/boot/grub/pxegrub.pxe\";
946 next-server 10.23.23.1;
949 hardware ethernet $mac;
950 fixed-address 10.23.23.1;
953 system_verbose("sudo ip a add 10.23.23.1/24 dev eth0;
954 sudo ip l set dev eth0 up;
955 sudo touch dhcpd.leases");
957 # We run servers by forking ourselves, because the servers end up
958 # in our process group and get killed by signals sent to the
959 # process group (e.g. Ctrl-C on terminal).
961 exec_verbose("sudo dhcpd -d -cf dhcpd.conf -lf dhcpd.leases -pf dhcpd.pid") if ($dhcpd_pid == 0);
964 if (defined $dhcp_tftp || defined $tftp) {
966 # Unfortunately, tftpd requires root privileges even with
967 # non-privileged (>1023) port due to initgroups().
968 system_verbose("sudo in.tftpd --listen --secure -v -v -v --pidfile tftpd.pid --address :$tftp_port $builddir");
970 # Kill server when we die
971 $SIG{__DIE__} = sub { system_verbose('sudo pkill --pidfile=dhcpd.pid') if (defined $dhcp_tftp);
972 system_verbose('sudo pkill --pidfile=tftpd.pid'); };
974 # We have to kill tftpd explicitely, because it is not in our process group
975 $SIG{INT} = sub { system_verbose('sudo pkill --pidfile=tftpd.pid'); exit(0); };
980 my $ider_cmd= "amtider -c $iso_image -u $amt_user -p $amt_password $amt_host $amt_port" ;
981 print "novaboot: Running: $ider_cmd\n" =~ s/\Q$amt_password\E/???/r;
982 my $ider_pid = fork();
983 if ($ider_pid == 0) {
985 die "IDE redirection failed";
987 # FIXME: This collides with --tftp option. Hopefully, nobody needs
988 # to use both simultaneously.
989 $SIG{__DIE__} = sub { system_verbose('kill $ider_pid'); };
992 ### Reset target (IP relay, AMT, ...)
994 if (defined $target_reset && $reset) {
995 print "novaboot: Reseting the test box... ";
1000 ### U-boot conversation
1001 if (defined $uboot) {
1002 my $uboot_prompt = $uboot || '=> ';
1003 print "novaboot: Waiting for U-Boot prompt...\n";
1004 $exp || die("No serial line connection");
1005 $exp->log_stdout(1);
1006 #$exp->exp_internal(1);
1008 [qr/Hit any key to stop autoboot:/, sub { $exp->send("\n"); exp_continue; }],
1009 $uboot_prompt) || die "No U-Boot prompt deteceted";
1010 foreach my $cmdspec (@uboot_init) {
1011 my ($cmd, $timeout);
1012 if (ref($cmdspec) eq "HASH") {
1013 $cmd = $cmdspec->{command};
1014 $timeout = $cmdspec->{timeout};
1019 if ($cmd =~ /\$NB_MYIP/) {
1020 my $ip = (grep /inet /, `ip addr show eth0`)[0] || die "Problem determining our IP address";
1021 $ip =~ s/\s*inet ([0-9.]*).*/$1/;
1022 $cmd =~ s/\$NB_MYIP/$ip/g;
1024 if ($cmd =~ /\$NB_PREFIX/) {
1027 $cmd =~ s/\$NB_PREFIX/$p/g;
1030 $exp->send("$cmd\n");
1031 $exp->expect($timeout, $uboot_prompt) || die "U-Boot prompt timeout";
1034 # Boot the system if there are some load lines in the script
1035 if (scalar(@$modules) > 0 && !$variables->{NO_BOOT}) {
1036 my ($kbin, $kcmd) = split(' ', shift(@$modules), 2);
1038 @$modules = map { if (/\.dtb$/) { $dtb=$_; (); } else { $_ } } @$modules;
1039 my $initrd = shift @$modules;
1041 my ($ramdisk_addr, $fdt_addr) = ('-', '');
1043 die "No '--uboot-addr kernel' given" unless $uboot_addr{kernel};
1044 $exp->send("tftpboot $uboot_addr{kernel} $prefix$kbin\n");
1046 [qr/##/, sub { exp_continue; }],
1047 $uboot_prompt) || die "Kernel load timeout";
1049 die "No '--uboot-addr fdt' given" unless $uboot_addr{fdt};
1050 $fdt_addr = $uboot_addr{fdt};
1051 $exp->send("tftpboot $fdt_addr $prefix$dtb\n");
1053 [qr/##/, sub { exp_continue; }],
1054 $uboot_prompt) || die "Device tree load timeout";
1056 if (defined $initrd) {
1057 die "No '--uboot-addr ramdisk' given" unless $uboot_addr{ramdisk};
1058 $ramdisk_addr = $uboot_addr{ramdisk};
1059 $exp->send("tftpboot $ramdisk_addr $prefix$initrd\n");
1061 [qr/#/, sub { exp_continue; }],
1062 $uboot_prompt) || die "Initrd load timeout";
1064 $exp->send("echo $kcmd\n");
1065 $exp->expect(1, '-re', qr{echo .*\n(.*)\n$uboot_prompt}) || die "Command line test timeout";
1066 my $args = ($exp->matchlist)[0];
1067 if ($args =~ /^setenv\s+bootargs/) {
1068 $exp->send("$args\n");
1070 $exp->send("setenv bootargs $kcmd\n");
1072 $exp->expect(5, $uboot_prompt) || die "U-Boot prompt timeout";
1073 $exp->send("bootm $uboot_addr{kernel} $ramdisk_addr $fdt_addr\n");
1074 $exp->expect(5, "\n") || die "U-Boot command timeout";
1078 ### Serial line interaction
1080 # Serial line of the target is available
1081 my $interrupt = 'Ctrl-C';
1082 if ($interactive && !@exiton) {
1083 $interrupt = '"~~."';
1085 my $note = (-t STDIN) ? '' : '- only target->host ';
1086 print "novaboot: Serial line interaction $note(press $interrupt to interrupt)...\n";
1087 $exp->log_stdout(1);
1089 $exp->expect(undef, @expect_raw, @exiton);
1091 my @inputs = ($exp);
1092 if (-t STDIN) { # Set up bi-directional communication if we run on terminal
1093 my $infile = new IO::File;
1094 $infile->IO::File::fdopen(*STDIN,'r');
1095 my $in_object = Expect->exp_init($infile);
1096 $in_object->set_group($exp);
1099 $in_object->set_seq('~~\.', sub { print "novaboot: Escape sequence detected\r\n"; undef; });
1100 $in_object->manual_stty(0); # Use raw terminal mode
1102 $in_object->manual_stty(1); # Do not modify terminal settings
1104 push(@inputs, $in_object);
1107 #print Dumper(\@expect_raw);
1108 $exp->expect(undef, @expect_raw) if @expect_raw;
1109 Expect::interconnect(@inputs) unless defined($exp->exitstatus);
1113 ## Kill dhcpc or tftpd
1114 if (defined $dhcp_tftp || defined $tftp) {
1115 die("novaboot: This should kill servers on background\n");
1122 novaboot - A tool for booting various operating systems on various hardware or in qemu
1128 B<novaboot> [option]... [--] script...
1130 B<./script> [option]...
1134 This program makes booting of an operating system (e.g. NOVA or Linux)
1135 as simple as running a local program. It facilitates booting on local
1136 or remote hosts or in emulators such as qemu. Novaboot operation is
1137 controlled by command line options and by a so called novaboot script,
1138 which can be thought as a generalization of bootloader configuration
1139 files (see L</"NOVABOOT SCRIPT SYNTAX">). Based on this input,
1140 novaboot setups everything for the target host to boot the desired
1141 configuration, i.e. it generates the bootloader configuration file in
1142 the proper format, deploy the binaries and other needed files to
1143 required locations, perhaps on a remote boot server and reset the
1144 target host. Finally, target host's serial output is redirected to
1145 standard output if that is possible.
1147 Typical way of using novaboot is to make the novaboot script
1148 executable and set its first line to I<#!/usr/bin/env novaboot>. Then,
1149 booting a particular OS configuration becomes the same as executing a
1150 local program - the novaboot script.
1152 For example, with C<novaboot> you can:
1158 Run an OS in Qemu. This is the default action when no other action is
1159 specified by command line switches. Thus running C<novaboot ./script>
1160 (or C<./script> as described above) will run Qemu and make it boot the
1161 configuration specified in the F<script>.
1165 Create a bootloader configuration file (currently supported
1166 bootloaders are GRUB, GRUB2, ISOLINUX, Pulsar and U-Boot) and copy it
1167 with all other files needed for booting to a remote boot server.
1169 ./script --server=192.168.1.1:/tftp --iprelay=192.168.1.2
1171 This command copies files to the TFTP server and uses
1172 TCP/IP-controlled relay to reset the target host and receive its
1177 Run DHCP and TFTP server on developer's machine to PXE-boot the target
1178 machine from it. E.g.
1180 ./script --dhcp-tftp
1182 When a PXE-bootable machine is connected via Ethernet to developer's
1183 machine, it will boot the configuration described in the I<script>.
1187 Create bootable ISO images. E.g.
1189 novaboot --iso -- script1 script2
1191 The created ISO image will use ISOLINUX bootloader installed on it and
1192 the boot menu will allow selecting between I<script1> and I<script2>
1197 Note that the options needed for a specific target can be stored in a
1198 L</"CONFIGURATION FILE">. Then it is sufficient to use only the B<-t>
1199 option to specify the name of the target.
1201 =head1 PHASES AND OPTIONS
1203 Novaboot performs its work in several phases. Each phase can be
1204 influenced by several command line options, certain phases can be
1205 skipped. The list of phases (in the execution order) and the
1206 corresponding options follow.
1208 =head2 Configuration reading phase
1210 After starting, novaboot reads configuration files. Their content is
1211 described in section L</"CONFIGURATION FILE">. By default,
1212 configuration is read from two locations. First from the configuration
1213 directory and second from F<.novaboot> files along the path to the
1214 current directory. The later read files override settings from the
1217 Configuration directory is determined by the content of
1218 NOVABOOT_CONFIG_DIR environment variable defaulting to
1219 F</etc/novaboot.d>. Files in this directory with names consisting
1220 solely from English letters, numbers, dashes '-' and underscores '_'
1221 (note that dot '.' is not included) are read in alphabetical order.
1223 Then novaboot searches for files named F<.novaboot> starting from the
1224 directory of the novaboot script (or working directory, see bellow)
1225 and continuing upwards up to the root directory. The found
1226 configuration files are then read in the opposite order (i.e. from the
1227 root directory downwards). This allows to have, for example, user
1228 specific configuration in F<~/.novaboot> and project specific one in
1229 F<~/project/.novaboot>.
1231 In certain cases, the location of the novaboot script cannot be
1232 determined in this early phase. This happens either when the script is
1233 read from the standard input or when novaboot is invoked explicitly as
1234 in the example L</"4."> above. In this case the current working
1235 directory is used as a starting point for configuration file search
1236 instead of the novaboot script directory.
1240 =item -c, --config=I<filename>
1242 Use the specified configuration file instead of the default one(s).
1246 =head2 Command line processing phase
1252 Dump the current configuration to stdout end exits. Useful as an
1253 initial template for a configuration file.
1257 Print short (B<-h>) or long (B<--help>) help.
1259 =item -t, --target=I<target>
1261 This option serves as a user configurable shortcut for other novaboot
1262 options. The effect of this option is the same as the options stored
1263 in the C<%targets> configuration variable under key I<target>. See
1264 also L</"CONFIGURATION FILE">.
1268 =head2 Script preprocessing phase
1270 This phases allows to modify the parsed novaboot script before it is
1271 used in the later phases.
1275 =item -a, --append=I<parameters>
1277 Append a string to the first C<load> line in the novaboot script. This
1278 can be used to append parameters to the kernel's or root task's
1279 command line. This option can appear multiple times.
1283 Use F<bender> chainloader. Bender scans the PCI bus for PCI serial
1284 ports and stores the information about them in the BIOS data area for
1287 =item --chainloader=I<chainloader>
1289 Specifies a chainloader that is loaded before the kernel and other
1290 files specified in the novaboot script. E.g. 'bin/boot/bender
1295 Print the modules to boot and their parameters after this phase
1296 finishes. Then exit. This is useful for seeing the effect of other
1297 options in this section.
1299 =item -k, --kernel=F<file>
1301 Replace the first word on the first C<load> line in the novaboot
1302 script with F<file>.
1304 =item --scriptmod=I<perl expression>
1306 When novaboot script is read, I<perl expression> is executed for every
1307 line (in $_ variable). For example, C<novaboot
1308 --scriptmod=s/sigma0/omega6/g> replaces every occurrence of I<sigma0>
1309 in the script with I<omega6>.
1311 When this option is present, it overrides I<$script_modifier> variable
1312 from the configuration file, which has the same effect. If this option
1313 is given multiple times all expressions are evaluated in the command
1318 =head2 File generation phase
1320 In this phase, files needed for booting are generated in a so called
1321 I<build directory> (see L</--build-dir>). In most cases configuration
1322 for a bootloader is generated automatically by novaboot. It is also
1323 possible to generate other files using I<heredoc> or I<"<"> syntax in
1324 novaboot scripts. Finally, binaries can be generated in this phases by
1325 running C<scons> or C<make>.
1329 =item --build-dir=I<directory>
1331 Overrides the default build directory location.
1333 The default build directory location is determined as follows: If the
1334 configuration file defines the C<$builddir> variable, its value is
1335 used. Otherwise, it is the directory that contains the first processed
1338 See also L</BUILDDIR> variable.
1340 =item -g, --grub[=I<filename>]
1342 Generates grub bootloader menu file. If the I<filename> is not
1343 specified, F<menu.lst> is used. The I<filename> is relative to the
1344 build directory (see B<--build-dir>).
1346 =item --grub-preamble=I<prefix>
1348 Specifies the I<preable> that is at the beginning of the generated
1349 GRUB or GRUB2 config files. This is useful for specifying GRUB's
1352 =item --prefix=I<prefix>
1354 Specifies I<prefix> (e.g. F</srv/tftp>) that is put in front of every
1355 file name in generated bootloader configuration files (or in U-Boot
1358 If the I<prefix> contains string $NAME, it will be replaced with the
1359 name of the novaboot script (see also B<--name>).
1361 If the I<prefix> contains string $BUILDDIR, it will be replaced with
1362 the build directory (see also B<--build-dir>).
1366 Alias for B<--prefix>.
1368 =item --grub2[=I<filename>]
1370 Generate GRUB2 menu entry in I<filename>. If I<filename> is not
1371 specified F<grub.cfg> is used. The content of the menu entry can be
1372 customized with B<--grub-preamble>, B<--grub2-prolog> or
1373 B<--grub_prefix> options.
1375 In order to use the the generated menu entry on your development
1376 machine that uses GRUB2, append the following snippet to
1377 F</etc/grub.d/40_custom> file and regenerate your grub configuration,
1378 i.e. run update-grub on Debian/Ubuntu.
1380 if [ -f /path/to/nul/build/grub.cfg ]; then
1381 source /path/to/nul/build/grub.cfg
1384 =item --grub2-prolog=I<prolog>
1386 Specifies text that is put at the beginning of the GRUB2 menu entry.
1388 =item -m, --make[=make command]
1390 Runs C<make> to build files that are not generated by novaboot itself.
1392 =item --name=I<string>
1394 Use the name I<string> instead of the name of the novaboot script.
1395 This name is used for things like a title of grub menu or for the
1396 server directory where the boot files are copied to.
1400 Do not run external commands to generate files (i.e. "<" syntax and
1401 C<run> keyword). This switch does not influence generation of files
1402 specified with "<<WORD" syntax.
1404 =item -p, --pulsar[=mac]
1406 Generates pulsar bootloader configuration file named F<config-I<mac>>
1407 The I<mac> string is typically a MAC address and defaults to
1410 =item --scons[=scons command]
1412 Runs C<scons> to build files that are not generated by novaboot
1417 Strip I<rom://> prefix from command lines and generated config files.
1418 The I<rom://> prefix is used by NUL. For NRE, it has to be stripped.
1422 Exit novaboot after file generation phase.
1426 =head2 Target connection check
1428 If supported by the target, the connection to it is made and it is
1429 checked whether the target is not occupied by another novaboot
1434 =item --amt=I<"[user[:password]@]host[:port]>
1436 Use Intel AMT technology to control the target machine. WS management
1437 is used to powercycle it and Serial-Over-Lan (SOL) for input/output.
1438 The hostname or (IP address) is given by the I<host> parameter. If
1439 I<password> is not specified, environment variable AMT_PASSWORD is
1440 used. The I<port> specifies a TCP port for SOL. If not specified, the
1441 default is 16992. Default I<user> is admin.
1443 =item --iprelay=I<addr[:port]>
1445 Use TCP/IP relay and serial port to access the target's serial port
1446 and powercycle it. The IP address of the relay is given by I<addr>
1447 parameter. If I<port> is not specified, it default to 23.
1449 Note: This option is supposed to work with HWG-ER02a IP relays.
1451 =item -s, --serial[=device]
1453 Target's serial line is connected to host's serial line (device). The
1454 default value for device is F</dev/ttyUSB0>.
1456 The value of this option is exported in NB_NOVABOOT environment
1457 variable to all subprocesses run by C<novaboot>.
1459 =item --stty=I<settings>
1461 Specifies settings passed to C<stty> invoked on the serial line
1462 specified with B<--serial> option. If this option is not given,
1463 C<stty> is called with C<raw -crtscts -onlcr 115200> settings.
1465 =item --remote-cmd=I<cmd>
1467 Command that mediates connection to the target's serial line. For
1468 example C<ssh server 'cu -l /dev/ttyS0'>.
1470 =item --remote-expect=I<string>
1472 Wait for reception of I<string> after establishing the the remote
1473 connection before continuing.
1478 =head2 File deployment phase
1480 In some setups, it is necessary to copy the files needed for booting
1481 to a particular location, e.g. to a TFTP boot server or to the
1486 =item -d, --dhcp-tftp
1488 Turns your workstation into a DHCP and TFTP server so that the OS can
1489 be booted via PXE BIOS (or similar mechanism) on the test machine
1490 directly connected by a plain Ethernet cable to your workstation.
1492 The DHCP and TFTP servers requires root privileges and C<novaboot>
1493 uses C<sudo> command to obtain those. You can put the following to
1494 I</etc/sudoers> to allow running the necessary commands without asking
1497 Cmnd_Alias NOVABOOT = /bin/ip a add 10.23.23.1/24 dev eth0, /bin/ip l set dev eth0 up, /usr/sbin/dhcpd -d -cf dhcpd.conf -lf dhcpd.leases -pf dhcpd.pid, /usr/sbin/in.tftpd --listen --secure -v -v -v --pidfile tftpd.pid *, /usr/bin/touch dhcpd.leases, /usr/bin/pkill --pidfile=dhcpd.pid, /usr/bin/pkill --pidfile=tftpd.pid
1498 your_login ALL=NOPASSWD: NOVABOOT
1502 Starts a TFTP server on your workstation. This is similar to
1503 B<--dhcp-tftp> except that DHCP server is not started.
1505 The TFTP server require root privileges and C<novaboot> uses C<sudo>
1506 command to obtain those. You can put the following to I</etc/sudoers>
1507 to allow running the necessary commands without asking for password.
1509 Cmnd_Alias NOVABOOT = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd --listen --secure -v -v -v --pidfile tftpd.pid *, /usr/bin/pkill --pidfile=tftpd.pid
1510 your_login ALL=NOPASSWD: NOVABOOT
1512 =item --tftp-port=I<port>
1514 Port to run the TFTP server on. Implies B<--tftp>.
1516 =item --iso[=filename]
1518 Generates the ISO image that boots NOVA system via GRUB. If no filename
1519 is given, the image is stored under I<NAME>.iso, where I<NAME> is the name
1520 of the novaboot script (see also B<--name>).
1522 =item --server[=[[user@]server:]path]
1524 Copy all files needed for booting to another location. The files will
1525 be copied (by B<rsync> tool) to the directory I<path>. If the I<path>
1526 contains string $NAME, it will be replaced with the name of the
1527 novaboot script (see also B<--name>).
1529 =item --rsync-flags=I<flags>
1531 Specifies which I<flags> are appended to F<rsync> command line when
1532 copying files as a result of I<--server> option.
1536 If B<--server> is used and its value ends with $NAME, then after
1537 copying the files, a new bootloader configuration file (e.g. menu.lst)
1538 is created at I<path-wo-name>, i.e. the path specified by B<--server>
1539 with $NAME part removed. The content of the file is created by
1540 concatenating all files of the same name from all subdirectories of
1541 I<path-wo-name> found on the "server".
1545 Use Intel AMT technology for IDE redirection. This allows the target
1546 machine to boot from novaboot created ISO image. Implies B<--iso>.
1548 The experimental C<amtider> utility needed by this option can be
1549 obtained from https://github.com/wentasah/amtterm.
1553 =head2 Target power-on and reset phase
1555 At this point, the target is reset (or switched on/off). There is
1556 several ways how this can be accomplished. Resetting a physical target
1557 can currently be accomplished by the following options: B<--amt>,
1558 B<--iprelay>, B<--reset-cmd>.
1564 Switch on/off the target machine and exit. The script (if any) is
1565 completely ignored. Currently it works only with B<--iprelay> or
1568 =item -Q, --qemu[=I<qemu-binary>]
1570 Boot the configuration in qemu. Optionally, the name of qemu binary
1571 can be specified as a parameter.
1573 =item --qemu-append=I<flags>
1575 Append I<flags> to the default qemu flags (QEMU_FLAGS variable or
1576 C<-cpu coreduo -smp 2>).
1578 =item -q, --qemu-flags=I<flags>
1580 Replace the default qemu flags (QEMU_FLAGS variable or C<-cpu coreduo
1581 -smp 2>) with I<flags> specified here.
1583 =item --reset-cmd=I<cmd>
1585 Command that resets the target.
1587 =item --no-reset, --reset
1589 Disable/enable reseting of the target.
1593 =head2 Interaction with the bootloader on the target
1597 =item --uboot[=I<prompt>]
1599 Interact with U-Boot bootloader to boot the thing described in the
1600 novaboot script. I<prompt> specifies the U-Boot's prompt (default is
1601 "=> ", other common prompts are "U-Boot> " or "U-Boot# ").
1602 Implementation of this option is currently tied to a particular board
1603 that we use. It may be subject to changes in the future!
1607 Command(s) to send the U-Boot bootloader before loading the images and
1608 booting them. This option can be given multiple times. After sending
1609 commands from each option novaboot waits for U-Boot I<prompt>.
1611 If the command contains string I<$NB_MYIP> then this string is
1612 replaced by IPv4 address of eth0 interface. Similarly I<$NB_PREFIX> is
1613 replaced with prefix given by B<--prefix>.
1615 See also C<uboot> keyword in L</"NOVABOOT SCRIPT SYNTAX">).
1617 =item --uboot-addr I<name>=I<address>
1619 Load address of U-Boot's C<tftpboot> command for loading I<name>,
1620 where name is one of I<kernel>, I<ramdisk> or I<fdt> (flattened device
1625 =head2 Target interaction phase
1627 In this phase, target's serial output is redirected to stdout and if
1628 stdin is a TTY, it is redirected to the target's serial input allowing
1629 interactive work with the target.
1633 =item --exiton=I<string>
1635 When I<string> is sent by the target, novaboot exits. This option can
1636 be specified multiple times.
1638 If I<string> is C<-re>, then the next B<--exiton>'s I<string> is
1639 treated as regular expression. For example:
1641 --exiton -re --exiton 'error:.*failed'
1643 =item --exiton-re=I<regex>
1645 The same as --exiton -re --exiton I<regex>.
1647 =item -i, --interactive
1649 Setup things for interactive use of target. Your terminal will be
1650 switched to raw mode. In raw mode, your system does not process input
1651 in any way (no echoing of entered characters, no interpretation
1652 special characters). This, among others, means that Ctrl-C is passed
1653 to the target and does no longer interrupt novaboot. Use "~~."
1654 sequence to exit novaboot.
1656 =item --expect=I<string>
1658 When I<string> is received from the target, send the string specified
1659 with the subsequent B<--send*> option to the target.
1661 =item --expect-re=I<regex>
1663 When target's output matches regular expression I<regex>, send the
1664 string specified with the subsequent B<--send*> option to the target.
1666 =item --expect-raw=I<perl-code>
1668 Provides direct control over Perl's Expect module.
1670 =item --send=I<string>
1672 Send I<string> to the target after the previously specified
1673 B<--expect*> was matched in the target's output. The I<string> may
1674 contain escape sequences such as "\n".
1676 Note that I<string> is actually interpreted by Perl, so it can contain
1677 much more that escape sequences. This behavior may change in the
1680 Example: C<--expect='login: ' --send='root\n'>
1682 =item --sendcont=I<string>
1684 Similar to B<--send> but continue expecting more input.
1686 Example: C<--expect='Continue?' --sendcont='yes\n'>
1690 =head1 NOVABOOT SCRIPT SYNTAX
1692 The syntax tries to mimic POSIX shell syntax. The syntax is defined
1693 with the following rules.
1695 Lines starting with "#" and empty lines are ignored.
1697 Lines that end with "\" are concatenated with the following line after
1698 removal of the final "\" and leading whitespace of the following line.
1700 Lines of the form I<VARIABLE=...> (i.e. matching '^[A-Z_]+=' regular
1701 expression) assign values to internal variables. See L</VARIABLES>
1704 Lines starting with C<load> keyword represent modules to boot. The
1705 word after C<load> is a file name (relative to the build directory
1706 (see B<--build-dir>) of the module to load and the remaining words are
1707 passed to it as the command line parameters.
1709 When the C<load> line ends with "<<WORD" then the subsequent lines
1710 until the line containing solely WORD are copied literally to the file
1711 named on that line. This is similar to shell's heredoc feature.
1713 When the C<load> line ends with "< CMD" then command CMD is executed
1714 with F</bin/sh> and its standard output is stored in the file named on
1715 that line. The SRCDIR variable in CMD's environment is set to the
1716 absolute path of the directory containing the interpreted novaboot
1719 Lines starting with C<run> keyword contain shell commands that are run
1720 during file generation phase. This is the same as the "< CMD" syntax
1721 for C<load> keyboard except that the command's output is not
1722 redirected to a file. The ordering of commands is the same as they
1723 appear in the novaboot script.
1725 Lines starting with C<uboot> represent U-Boot commands that are sent
1726 to the target if B<--uboot> option is given. Having a U-Boot line in
1727 the novaboot script is the same as passing an equivalent
1728 B<--uboot-init> option to novaboot. The C<uboot> keyword can be
1729 suffixed with timeout specification. The syntax is C<uboot:Ns>, where
1730 C<N> is the whole number of seconds. If the U-Boot command prompt does
1731 not appear before the timeout, novaboot fails. The default timeout is
1736 #!/usr/bin/env novaboot
1737 load bzImage console=ttyS0,115200
1738 run make -C buildroot
1739 load rootfs.cpio < gen_cpio buildroot/images/rootfs.cpio "myapp->/etc/init.d/S99myapp"
1741 Example (NOVA User Land - NUL):
1743 #!/usr/bin/env novaboot
1744 WVDESC=Example program
1745 load bin/apps/sigma0.nul S0_DEFAULT script_start:1,1 \
1746 verbose hostkeyb:0,0x60,1,12,2
1747 load bin/apps/hello.nul
1748 load hello.nulconfig <<EOF
1749 sigma0::mem:16 name::/s0/log name::/s0/timer name::/s0/fs/rom ||
1750 rom://bin/apps/hello.nul
1753 This example will load three modules: F<sigma0.nul>, F<hello.nul> and
1754 F<hello.nulconfig>. sigma0 receives some command line parameters and
1755 F<hello.nulconfig> file is generated on the fly from the lines between
1756 C<<<EOF> and C<EOF>.
1760 The following variables are interpreted in the novaboot script:
1766 Novaboot chdir()s to this directory before file generation phase. The
1767 directory name specified here is relative to the build directory
1768 specified by other means (see L</--build-dir>).
1772 Assigning this variable has the same effect as specifying L</--exiton>
1775 =item HYPERVISOR_PARAMS
1777 Parameters passed to hypervisor. The default value is "serial", unless
1778 overridden in configuration file.
1782 The kernel to use instead of the hypervisor specified in the
1783 configuration file with the C<$hypervisor> variable. The value should
1784 contain the name of the kernel image as well as its command line
1785 parameters. If this variable is defined and non-empty, the variable
1786 HYPERVISOR_PARAMS is not used.
1790 If this variable is 1, the system is not booted. This is currently
1791 only implemented for U-Boot bootloader where it is useful for
1792 interacting with the bootloader without booting the system - e.g. for
1797 Use a specific qemu binary (can be overridden with B<-Q>) and flags
1798 when booting this script under qemu. If QEMU_FLAGS variable is also
1799 specified flags specified in QEMU variable are replaced by those in
1804 Use specific qemu flags (can be overridden with B<-q>).
1808 Description of the WvTest-compliant program.
1810 =item WVTEST_TIMEOUT
1812 The timeout in seconds for WvTest harness. If no complete line appears
1813 in the test output within the time specified here, the test fails. It
1814 is necessary to specify this for long running tests that produce no
1815 intermediate output.
1819 =head1 CONFIGURATION FILE
1821 Novaboot can read its configuration from one or more files. By
1822 default, novaboot looks for files named F<.novaboot> as described in
1823 L</Configuration reading phase>. Alternatively, configuration file
1824 location can be specified with the B<-c> switch or with the
1825 NOVABOOT_CONFIG environment variable. The configuration file has Perl
1826 syntax and should set values of certain Perl variables. The current
1827 configuration can be dumped with the B<--dump-config> switch. Some
1828 configuration variables can be overridden by environment variables
1829 (see below) or by command line switches.
1831 Supported configuration variables include:
1837 Build directory location relative to the location of the configuration
1840 =item $default_target
1842 Default target (see below) to use when no target is explicitly
1843 specified on command line with the B<--target> option.
1847 Hash of target definitions to be used with the B<--target> option. The
1848 key is the identifier of the target, the value is the string with
1849 command line options. For instance, if the configuration file contains:
1851 $targets{'mybox'} = '--server=boot:/tftproot --serial=/dev/ttyUSB0 --grub',
1853 then the following two commands are equivalent:
1855 ./script --server=boot:/tftproot --serial=/dev/ttyUSB0 --grub
1860 =head1 ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
1862 Some options can be specified not only via config file or command line
1863 but also through environment variables. Environment variables override
1864 the values from configuration file and command line parameters
1865 override the environment variables.
1869 =item NOVABOOT_CONFIG
1871 Name of the novaboot configuration file to use instead of the default
1874 =item NOVABOOT_CONFIG_DIR
1876 Name of the novaboot configuration directory. When not specified
1877 F</etc/novaboot.d> is used.
1879 =item NOVABOOT_BENDER
1881 Defining this variable has the same meaning as B<--bender> option.
1887 Michal Sojka <sojka@os.inf.tu-dresden.de>
1891 # LocalWords: novaboot Novaboot NOVABOOT TFTP PXE DHCP filename stty
1892 # LocalWords: chainloader stdout Qemu qemu preprocessing ISOLINUX bootable
1893 # LocalWords: config subprocesses sudo sudoers tftp dhcp IDE stdin
1894 # LocalWords: subdirectories TTY whitespace heredoc POSIX WvTest