3 # This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
4 # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
5 # the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or
6 # (at your option) any later version.
8 # This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
9 # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
10 # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
11 # GNU General Public License for more details.
13 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
14 # along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
18 use warnings (exists $ENV{NOVABOOT_TEST} ? (FATAL => 'all') : ());
19 use Getopt::Long qw(GetOptionsFromString GetOptionsFromArray);
24 use Time::HiRes("usleep");
28 use POSIX qw(:errno_h);
29 use Cwd qw(getcwd abs_path);
35 my $invocation_dir = $ENV{PWD} || getcwd();
37 ## Configuration file handling
39 # Default configuration
40 $CFG::hypervisor = "";
41 $CFG::hypervisor_params = "serial";
42 $CFG::genisoimage = "genisoimage";
43 $CFG::qemu = 'qemu-system-i386 -cpu coreduo -smp 2';
44 $CFG::default_target = 'qemu';
47 "tud" => '--server=erwin.inf.tu-dresden.de:~sojka/boot/novaboot --rsync-flags="--chmod=Dg+s,ug+w,o-w,+rX --rsync-path=\"umask 002 && rsync\"" --grub --grub-prefix=(nd)/tftpboot/sojka/novaboot --grub-preamble="timeout 0" --concat --iprelay=141.76.48.80:2324 --scriptmod=s/\\\\bhostserial\\\\b/hostserialpci/g',
48 "novabox" => '--server=rtime.felk.cvut.cz:/srv/tftp/novaboot --rsync-flags="--chmod=Dg+s,ug+w,o-w,+rX --rsync-path=\"umask 002 && rsync\"" --pulsar --iprelay=147.32.86.92:2324',
49 "localhost" => '--scriptmod=s/console=tty[A-Z0-9,]+// --server=/boot/novaboot/$NAME --grub2 --grub-prefix=/boot/novaboot/$NAME --grub2-prolog=" set root=\'(hd0,msdos1)\'"',
50 "ryu" => '--uboot --uboot-init="mw f0000b00 \${psc_cfg}; sleep 1" --uboot-addr kernel=800000 --uboot-addr ramdisk=b00000 --uboot-addr fdt=7f0000',
51 "ryuglab" => '--target ryu --server=pc-sojkam.felk.cvut.cz:/srv/tftp --remote-cmd="ssh -tt pc-sojkam.felk.cvut.cz \"sterm -d -s 115200 /dev/ttyUSB0\""',
52 "ryulocal" => '--target ryu --dhcp-tftp --serial --reset-cmd="if which dtrrts; then dtrrts $NB_SERIAL 0 1; sleep 0.1; dtrrts $NB_SERIAL 1 1; fi"',
54 chomp(my $nproc = `nproc`);
55 $CFG::scons = "scons -j$nproc";
56 $CFG::make = "make -j$nproc";
63 package CFG; # Put config data into a separate namespace
69 die("ERROR: Failure compiling '$cfg' - $@");
70 } elsif (! defined($rc)) {
71 die("ERROR: Failure reading '$cfg' - $!");
73 die("ERROR: Failure processing '$cfg'");
76 $builddir = File::Spec->rel2abs($CFG::builddir, dirname($cfg)) if defined $CFG::builddir;
77 print STDERR "novaboot: Read $cfg\n";
82 # We don't use $0 here, because it points to the novaboot itself and
83 # not to the novaboot script. The problem with this approach is that
84 # when a script is run as "novaboot <options> <script>" then $ARGV[0]
85 # contains the first option. Hence the -f check.
86 my $dir = File::Spec->rel2abs($ARGV[0] && -f $ARGV[0] ? dirname($ARGV[0]) : '', $invocation_dir);
87 while ((-d $dir || -l $dir ) && $dir ne "/") {
88 push @cfgs, "$dir/.novaboot" if -r "$dir/.novaboot";
89 my @dirs = File::Spec->splitdir($dir);
90 $dir = File::Spec->catdir(@dirs[0..$#dirs-1]);
92 @cfgs = reverse @cfgs;
94 my $xdg_config_home = $ENV{'XDG_CONFIG_HOME'} || $ENV{'HOME'}.'/.config';
95 unshift(@cfgs, "$xdg_config_home/novaboot") if -r "$xdg_config_home/novaboot";
97 $dir = $ENV{'NOVABOOT_CONFIG_DIR'} || '/etc/novaboot.d';
98 if (opendir(my $dh, $dir)) {
99 my @etccfg = map { "$dir/$_" } grep { /^[-_a-zA-Z0-9]+$/ && -f "$dir/$_" } readdir($dh);
101 @etccfg = sort(@etccfg);
102 @cfgs = ( @etccfg, @cfgs );
105 my $cfg = $ENV{'NOVABOOT_CONFIG'};
106 Getopt::Long::Configure(qw/no_ignore_case pass_through/);
107 GetOptions ("config|c=s" => \$cfg);
108 read_config($_) foreach $cfg or @cfgs;
110 ## Command line handling
113 GetOptions ("target|t=s" => \$explicit_target);
115 my ($amt, @append, $bender, @chainloaders, $concat, $config_name_opt, $dhcp_tftp, $dump_opt, $dump_config, @exiton, $exiton_timeout, @expect_raw, $gen_only, $grub_config, $grub_prefix, $grub_preamble, $grub2_prolog, $grub2_config, $help, $ider, $iprelay, $iso_image, $interactive, $kernel_opt, $make, $man, $no_file_gen, $off_opt, $on_opt, $pulsar, $pulsar_root, $qemu, $qemu_append, $qemu_flags_cmd, $remote_cmd, $remote_expect, $reset, $reset_cmd, $rom_prefix, $rsync_flags, @scriptmod, $scons, $serial, $server, $stty, $tftp, $tftp_port, $uboot, %uboot_addr, $uboot_cmd, @uboot_init);
118 'kernel' => '${kernel_addr_r}',
119 'ramdisk' => '${ramdisk_addr_r}',
120 'fdt' => '${fdt_addr_r}',
124 $rom_prefix = 'rom://';
125 $stty = 'raw -crtscts -onlcr 115200';
126 $reset = 1; # Reset target by default
128 my @expect_seen = ();
132 push(@expect_seen, '-re') if $n eq "expect-re";
133 push(@expect_seen, $v);
139 unless (@expect_seen) { die("No --expect before --send"); }
140 my $ret = ($n eq "sendcont") ? exp_continue : 0;
141 unshift(@expect_raw, sub { shift->send(eval("\"$v\"")); $ret; });
142 unshift(@expect_raw, @expect_seen);
149 "append|a=s" => \@append,
150 "bender|b" => \$bender,
151 "build-dir=s" => sub { my ($n, $v) = @_; $builddir = File::Spec->rel2abs($v); },
152 "concat" => \$concat,
153 "chainloader=s" => \@chainloaders,
154 "dhcp-tftp|d" => \$dhcp_tftp,
155 "dump" => \$dump_opt,
156 "dump-config" => \$dump_config,
157 "exiton=s" => \@exiton,
158 "exiton-timeout=i"=> \$exiton_timeout,
159 "exiton-re=s" => sub { my ($n, $v) = @_; push(@exiton, '-re', $v); },
160 "expect=s" => \&handle_expect,
161 "expect-re=s" => \&handle_expect,
162 "expect-raw=s" => sub { my ($n, $v) = @_; unshift(@expect_raw, eval($v)); },
163 "gen-only" => \$gen_only,
164 "grub|g:s" => \$grub_config,
165 "grub-preamble=s"=> \$grub_preamble,
166 "prefix|grub-prefix=s" => \$grub_prefix,
167 "grub2:s" => \$grub2_config,
168 "grub2-prolog=s" => \$grub2_prolog,
170 "iprelay=s" => \$iprelay,
171 "iso:s" => \$iso_image,
172 "kernel|k=s" => \$kernel_opt,
173 "interactive|i" => \$interactive,
174 "name=s" => \$config_name_opt,
175 "make|m:s" => \$make,
176 "no-file-gen" => \$no_file_gen,
179 "pulsar|p:s" => \$pulsar,
180 "pulsar-root=s" => \$pulsar_root,
181 "qemu|Q:s" => \$qemu,
182 "qemu-append=s" => \$qemu_append,
183 "qemu-flags|q=s" => \$qemu_flags_cmd,
184 "remote-cmd=s" => \$remote_cmd,
185 "remote-expect=s"=> \$remote_expect,
187 "reset-cmd=s" => \$reset_cmd,
188 "rsync-flags=s" => \$rsync_flags,
189 "scons:s" => \$scons,
190 "scriptmod=s" => \@scriptmod,
191 "send=s" => \&handle_send,
192 "sendcont=s" => \&handle_send,
193 "serial|s:s" => \$serial,
194 "server:s" => \$server,
195 "strip-rom" => sub { $rom_prefix = ''; },
198 "tftp-port=i" => \$tftp_port,
199 "uboot:s" => \$uboot,
200 "uboot-addr=s" => \%uboot_addr,
201 "uboot-cmd=s" => \$uboot_cmd,
202 "uboot-init=s" => \@uboot_init,
207 # First process target options
209 my $t = defined($explicit_target) ? $explicit_target : $CFG::default_target;
211 Getopt::Long::Configure(qw/no_ignore_case pass_through/);
213 exists $CFG::targets{$t} or die("Unknown target '$t' (valid targets are: ".join(", ", sort keys(%CFG::targets)).")");
215 undef $explicit_target;
216 my ($ret, $remaining_args) = GetOptionsFromString ($CFG::targets{$t}, ("target|t=s" => \$explicit_target));
217 if (!$ret) { die "Error parsing target $t option"; }
218 push(@target_expanded, @$remaining_args);
219 $t = $explicit_target;
221 Getopt::Long::Configure(qw/no_ignore_case no_pass_through/);
222 GetOptionsFromArray(\@target_expanded, %opt_spec) or die ("Error in target definition");
225 # Then process other command line options - some of them may override
226 # what was specified by the target
227 GetOptions %opt_spec or die("Error in command line arguments");
228 pod2usage(1) if $help;
229 pod2usage(-exitstatus => 0, -verbose => 2) if $man;
231 ### Dump sanitized configuration (if requested)
235 $Data::Dumper::Indent=1;
236 print "# This file is in perl syntax.\n";
237 foreach my $key(sort(keys(%CFG::))) { # See "Symbol Tables" in perlmod(1)
238 if (defined ${$CFG::{$key}}) { print Data::Dumper->Dump([${$CFG::{$key}}], ["*$key"]); }
239 if ( @{$CFG::{$key}}) { print Data::Dumper->Dump([\@{$CFG::{$key}}], ["*$key"]); }
240 if ( %{$CFG::{$key}}) { print Data::Dumper->Dump([\%{$CFG::{$key}}], ["*$key"]); }
246 ### Sanitize configuration
248 if ($interactive && !-t STDIN) {
249 die("novaboot: Interactive mode not supported when not on terminal");
252 if (defined $config_name_opt && scalar(@ARGV) > 1) { die "You cannot use --name with multiple scripts"; }
255 $iso_image //= ''; # IDE-R needs an ISO image
256 if (!defined $amt) { die "Error: --ider requires --amt"; }
260 my %input_opts = ('--iprelay' => \$iprelay,
261 '--serial' => \$serial,
262 '--remote-cmd' => \$remote_cmd,
264 my @opts = grep(defined(${$input_opts{$_}}) , keys %input_opts);
266 die("novaboot: More than one target connection option: ".join(', ', @opts)) if scalar @opts > 1;
270 if (defined $serial) {
271 $serial ||= "/dev/ttyUSB0";
272 $ENV{NB_SERIAL} = $serial;
274 if (defined $grub_config) { $grub_config ||= "menu.lst"; }
275 if (defined $grub2_config) { $grub2_config ||= "grub.cfg"; }
277 ## Parse the novaboot script(s)
282 my ($modules, $variables, $generated, $continuation) = ([], {}, []);
283 my $skip_reading = defined($on_opt) || defined($off_opt);
284 while (!$skip_reading && ($_ = <>)) {
285 if ($ARGV ne $last_fn) { # New script
286 die "Missing EOF in $last_fn" if $file;
287 die "Unfinished line in $last_fn" if $continuation;
289 push @scripts, { 'filename' => $ARGV,
290 'modules' => $modules = [],
291 'variables' => $variables = {},
292 'generated' => $generated = []};
296 next if /^#/ || /^\s*$/; # Skip comments and empty lines
298 $_ =~ s/^[[:space:]]*// if ($continuation);
300 if (/\\$/) { # Line continuation
301 $continuation .= substr($_, 0, length($_)-1);
305 if ($continuation) { # Last continuation line
306 $_ = $continuation . $_;
310 foreach my $mod(@scriptmod) { eval $mod; }
312 if ($file && $_ eq $EOF) { # Heredoc end
316 if ($file) { # Heredoc content
317 push @{$file}, "$_\n";
320 if (/^([A-Z_]+)=(.*)$/) { # Internal variable
321 $$variables{$1} = $2;
322 push(@exiton, $2) if ($1 eq "EXITON");
325 if (s/^load *//) { # Load line
326 die("novaboot: '$last_fn' line $.: Missing file name\n") unless /^[^ <]+/;
327 if (/^([^ ]*)(.*?)[[:space:]]*<<([^ ]*)$/) { # Heredoc start
328 push @$modules, "$1$2";
330 push @$generated, {filename => $1, content => $file};
334 if (/^([^ ]*)(.*?)[[:space:]]*< ?(.*)$/) { # Command substitution
335 push @$modules, "$1$2";
336 push @$generated, {filename => $1, command => $3};
342 if (/^run (.*)/) { # run line
343 push @$generated, {command => $1};
346 if (/^uboot(?::([0-9]+)s)? (.*)/) { # uboot line
347 # TODO: If U-Boot supports some interactive menu, it might
348 # make sense to store uboot lines per novaboot script.
349 if ($1) { # Command with explicit timeout
350 push @uboot_init, { command => $2,
352 } else { # Command without explicit timeout
353 push @uboot_init, $2;
358 die("novaboot: Cannot parse script '$last_fn' line $.. Didn't you forget 'load' keyword?\n");
361 # print Dumper(\@scripts);
363 foreach my $script (@scripts) {
364 $modules = $$script{modules};
365 @$modules[0] =~ s/^[^ ]*/$kernel_opt/ if $kernel_opt;
366 @$modules[0] .= ' ' . join(' ', @append) if @append;
369 if (exists $variables->{KERNEL}) {
370 $kernel = $variables->{KERNEL};
372 if ($CFG::hypervisor) {
373 $kernel = $CFG::hypervisor . " ";
374 if (exists $variables->{HYPERVISOR_PARAMS}) {
375 $kernel .= $variables->{HYPERVISOR_PARAMS};
377 $kernel .= $CFG::hypervisor_params;
381 @$modules = ($kernel, @$modules) if $kernel;
382 @$modules = (@chainloaders, @$modules);
383 @$modules = ("bin/boot/bender", @$modules) if ($bender || defined $ENV{'NOVABOOT_BENDER'});
387 foreach my $script (@scripts) {
388 print join("\n", @{$$script{modules}})."\n";
395 sub generate_configs($$$) {
396 my ($base, $generated, $filename) = @_;
397 if ($base) { $base = "$base/"; };
398 foreach my $g(@$generated) {
399 if (exists $$g{content}) {
400 my $config = $$g{content};
401 my $fn = $$g{filename};
402 open(my $f, '>', $fn) || die("$fn: $!");
403 map { s|\brom://([^ ]*)|$rom_prefix$base$1|g; print $f "$_"; } @{$config};
405 print "novaboot: Created $fn\n";
406 } elsif (exists $$g{command} && ! $no_file_gen) {
407 $ENV{SRCDIR} = dirname(File::Spec->rel2abs( $filename, $invocation_dir ));
408 if (exists $$g{filename}) {
409 system_verbose("( $$g{command} ) > $$g{filename}");
411 system_verbose($$g{command});
417 sub generate_grub_config($$$$;$)
419 my ($filename, $title, $base, $modules_ref, $preamble) = @_;
420 if ($base) { $base = "$base/"; };
421 open(my $fg, '>', $filename) or die "$filename: $!";
422 print $fg "$preamble\n" if $preamble;
423 print $fg "title $title\n" if $title;
424 #print $fg "root $base\n"; # root doesn't really work for (nd)
426 foreach (@$modules_ref) {
429 my ($kbin, $kcmd) = split(' ', $_, 2);
430 $kcmd = '' if !defined $kcmd;
431 print $fg "kernel ${base}$kbin $kcmd\n";
433 s|\brom://([^ ]*)|$rom_prefix$base$1|g; # Translate rom:// files - needed for vdisk parameter of sigma0
434 print $fg "module $base$_\n";
438 print("novaboot: Created $builddir/$filename\n");
442 sub generate_syslinux_config($$$$)
444 my ($filename, $title, $base, $modules_ref) = @_;
445 if ($base && $base !~ /\/$/) { $base = "$base/"; };
446 open(my $fg, '>', $filename) or die "$filename: $!";
447 print $fg "LABEL $title\n";
448 #TODO print $fg "MENU LABEL $human_readable_title\n";
450 my ($kbin, $kcmd) = split(' ', @$modules_ref[0], 2);
452 if (system("file $kbin|grep 'Linux kernel'") == 0) {
453 my $initrd = @$modules_ref[1];
454 die('To many "load" lines for Linux kernel') if (scalar @$modules_ref > 2);
455 print $fg "LINUX $base$kbin\n";
456 print $fg "APPEND $kcmd\n";
457 print $fg "INITRD $base$initrd\n";
459 print $fg "KERNEL mboot.c32\n";
461 foreach (@$modules_ref) {
462 s|\brom://([^ ]*)|$rom_prefix$base$1|g; # Translate rom:// files - needed for vdisk parameter of sigma0
463 push @append, "$base$_";
464 print $fg "APPEND ".join(' --- ', @append)."\n";
467 #TODO print $fg "TEXT HELP\n";
468 #TODO print $fg "some help here\n";
469 #TODO print $fg "ENDTEXT\n";
471 print("novaboot: Created $builddir/$filename\n");
475 sub generate_grub2_config($$$$;$$)
477 my ($filename, $title, $base, $modules_ref, $preamble, $prolog) = @_;
478 if ($base && substr($base,-1,1) ne '/') { $base = "$base/"; };
479 open(my $fg, '>', $filename) or die "$filename: $!";
480 print $fg "$preamble\n" if $preamble;
481 $title ||= 'novaboot';
482 print $fg "menuentry $title {\n";
483 print $fg "$prolog\n" if $prolog;
485 foreach (@$modules_ref) {
488 my ($kbin, $kcmd) = split(' ', $_, 2);
489 $kcmd = '' if !defined $kcmd;
490 print $fg " multiboot ${base}$kbin $kcmd\n";
493 # GRUB2 doesn't pass filename in multiboot info so we have to duplicate it here
494 $_ = join(' ', ($args[0], @args));
495 s|\brom://|$rom_prefix|g; # We do not need to translate path for GRUB2
496 print $fg " module $base$_\n";
501 print("novaboot: Created $builddir/$filename\n");
505 sub generate_pulsar_config($$)
507 my ($filename, $modules_ref) = @_;
508 open(my $fg, '>', $filename) or die "$filename: $!";
509 print $fg "root $pulsar_root\n" if defined $pulsar_root;
512 foreach (@$modules_ref) {
515 ($kbin, $kcmd) = split(' ', $_, 2);
516 $kcmd = '' if !defined $kcmd;
519 s|\brom://|$rom_prefix|g;
520 print $fg "load $_\n";
523 # Put kernel as last - this is needed for booting Linux and has no influence on non-Linux OSes
524 print $fg "exec $kbin $kcmd\n";
526 print("novaboot: Created $builddir/$filename\n");
530 sub shell_cmd_string(@)
532 return join(' ', map((/^[-_=a-zA-Z0-9\/\.\+]+$/ ? "$_" : "'$_'"), @_));
537 print "novaboot: Running: ".shell_cmd_string(@_)."\n";
539 exit(1); # should not be reached
542 sub system_verbose($)
545 print "novaboot: Running: $cmd\n";
546 my $ret = system($cmd);
547 if ($ret & 0x007f) { die("Command terminated by a signal"); }
548 if ($ret & 0xff00) {die("Command exit with non-zero exit code"); }
549 if ($ret) { die("Command failure $ret"); }
554 if (exists $variables->{WVDESC}) {
555 print "Testing \"$variables->{WVDESC}\" in $last_fn:\n";
556 } elsif ($last_fn =~ /\.wv$/) {
557 print "Testing \"all\" in $last_fn:\n";
560 ## Connect to the target and check whether it is not occupied
562 # We have to do this before file generation phase, because file
563 # generation is intermixed with file deployment phase and we want to
564 # check whether the target is not used by somebody else before
565 # deploying files. Otherwise, we may rewrite other user's files on a
568 my $exp; # Expect object to communicate with the target over serial line
570 my ($target_reset, $target_power_on, $target_power_off);
571 my ($amt_user, $amt_password, $amt_host, $amt_port);
573 if (defined $iprelay) {
575 $iprelay =~ /([.0-9]+)(:([0-9]+))?/;
578 my $paddr = sockaddr_in($port, inet_aton($addr));
579 my $proto = getprotobyname('tcp');
580 socket($IPRELAY, PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, $proto) || die "socket: $!";
581 print "novaboot: Connecting to IP relay... ";
582 connect($IPRELAY, $paddr) || die "connect: $!";
584 $exp = Expect->init(\*$IPRELAY);
588 print $exp "\xFF\xF6"; # AYT
589 my $connected = $exp->expect(20, # Timeout in seconds
590 '<iprelayd: connected>',
591 '-re', '<WEB51 HW[^>]*>');
596 my ($relay, $onoff) = @_;
597 die unless ($relay == 1 || $relay == 2);
599 my $cmd = ($relay == 1 ? 0x5 : 0x6) | ($onoff ? 0x20 : 0x10);
600 return "\xFF\xFA\x2C\x32".chr($cmd)."\xFF\xF0";
604 my ($relay, $onoff) = @_;
605 die unless ($relay == 1 || $relay == 2);
606 my $cmd = ($relay == 1 ? 0xdf : 0xbf) | ($onoff ? 0x00 : 0xff);
607 return "\xFF\xFA\x2C\x97".chr($cmd)."\xFF\xF0";
611 my ($relay, $onoff, $can_giveup) = @_;
612 my $confirmation = '';
614 print $exp relaycmd($relay, $onoff);
615 my $confirmed = $exp->expect(20, # Timeout in seconds
616 relayconf($relay, $onoff));
619 print("Relay confirmation timeout - ignoring\n");
621 die "Relay confirmation timeout";
627 $target_reset = sub {
628 relay(2, 1, 1); # Reset the machine
633 $target_power_off = sub {
634 relay(1, 1); # Press power button
635 usleep(6000000); # Long press to switch off
639 $target_power_on = sub {
640 relay(1, 1); # Press power button
641 usleep(100000); # Short press
647 system_verbose("stty -F $serial $stty");
648 open($CONN, "+<", $serial) || die "open $serial: $!";
649 $exp = Expect->init(\*$CONN);
651 elsif ($remote_cmd) {
652 print "novaboot: Running: $remote_cmd\n";
653 $exp = Expect->spawn($remote_cmd);
655 elsif (defined $amt) {
656 require LWP::UserAgent;
657 require LWP::Authen::Digest;
660 my ($host, $username, $password, $schema, $className, $pstate) = @_;
661 #AMT numbers for PowerStateChange (MNI => bluescreen on windows;-)
662 my %pstates = ("on" => 2,
669 <s:Envelope xmlns:s="http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope" xmlns:a="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2004/08/addressing" xmlns:w="http://schemas.dmtf.org/wbem/wsman/1/wsman.xsd">
670 <s:Header><a:To>http://$host:16992/wsman</a:To>
671 <w:ResourceURI s:mustUnderstand="true">$schema</w:ResourceURI>
672 <a:ReplyTo><a:Address s:mustUnderstand="true">http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2004/08/addressing/role/anonymous</a:Address></a:ReplyTo>
673 <a:Action s:mustUnderstand="true">$schema$className</a:Action>
674 <w:MaxEnvelopeSize s:mustUnderstand="true">153600</w:MaxEnvelopeSize>
675 <a:MessageID>uuid:709072C9-609C-4B43-B301-075004043C7C</a:MessageID>
676 <w:Locale xml:lang="en-US" s:mustUnderstand="false" />
677 <w:OperationTimeout>PT60.000S</w:OperationTimeout>
678 <w:SelectorSet><w:Selector Name="Name">Intel(r) AMT Power Management Service</w:Selector></w:SelectorSet>
680 <p:RequestPowerStateChange_INPUT xmlns:p="http://schemas.dmtf.org/wbem/wscim/1/cim-schema/2/CIM_PowerManagementService">
681 <p:PowerState>$pstates{$pstate}</p:PowerState>
682 <p:ManagedElement><a:Address>http://$host:16992/wsman</a:Address>
683 <a:ReferenceParameters><w:ResourceURI>http://schemas.dmtf.org/wbem/wscim/1/cim-schema/2/CIM_ComputerSystem</w:ResourceURI>
684 <w:SelectorSet><w:Selector Name="Name">ManagedSystem</w:Selector></w:SelectorSet>
685 </a:ReferenceParameters></p:ManagedElement>
686 </p:RequestPowerStateChange_INPUT>
687 </s:Body></s:Envelope>
692 my ($host, $username, $password, $content) = @_;
694 my $ua = LWP::UserAgent->new();
695 $ua->agent("novaboot");
697 my $req = HTTP::Request->new(POST => "http://$host:16992/wsman");
698 my $res = $ua->request($req);
699 die ("Unexpected AMT response: " . $res->status_line) unless $res->code == 401;
701 my ($realm) = $res->header("WWW-Authenticate") =~ /Digest realm="(.*?)"/;
702 $ua->credentials("$host:16992", $realm, $username => $password);
705 $req = HTTP::Request->new(POST => "http://$host:16992/wsman");
706 $req->content_type('application/x-www-form-urlencoded');
707 $req->content($content);
708 $res = $ua->request($req);
709 die ("AMT power change request failed: " . $res->status_line) unless $res->is_success;
710 $res->content() =~ /<g:ReturnValue>(\d+)<\/g:ReturnValue>/;
715 my ($host, $username, $password, $pstate)=@_;
716 my $schema="http://schemas.dmtf.org/wbem/wscim/1/cim-schema/2/CIM_PowerManagementService";
717 my $className="/RequestPowerStateChange";
718 my $content = genXML($host, $username, $password ,$schema, $className, $pstate);
719 return sendPOST($host, $username, $password, $content);
722 ($amt_user,$amt_password,$amt_host,$amt_port) = ($amt =~ /(?:(.*?)(?::(.*))?@)?([^:]*)(?::([0-9]*))?/);;
723 $amt_user ||= "admin";
724 $amt_password ||= $ENV{'AMT_PASSWORD'} || die "AMT password not specified";
725 $amt_host || die "AMT host not specified";
729 $target_power_off = sub {
731 my $result = powerChange($amt_host,$amt_user,$amt_password, "off");
732 die "AMT power off failed (ReturnValue $result)" if $result != 0;
735 $target_power_on = sub {
736 my $result = powerChange($amt_host,$amt_user,$amt_password, "on");
737 die "AMT power on failed (ReturnValue $result)" if $result != 0;
740 $target_reset = sub {
741 my $result = powerChange($amt_host,$amt_user,$amt_password, "reset");
743 print STDERR "Warning: Cannot reset $amt_host, trying power on. ";
744 $result = powerChange($amt_host,$amt_user,$amt_password, "on");
746 die "AMT reset failed (ReturnValue $result)" if $result != 0;
749 my $cmd = "amtterm -u $amt_user -p $amt_password $amt_host $amt_port";
750 print "novaboot: Running: $cmd\n" =~ s/\Q$amt_password\E/???/r;
751 $exp = Expect->spawn($cmd);
752 $exp->expect(10, "RUN_SOL") || die "Expect for 'RUN_SOL' timed out";
757 if ($remote_expect) {
758 $exp || die("No serial line connection");
759 $exp->expect(180, $remote_expect) || die "Expect for '$remote_expect' timed out";
762 if (defined $reset_cmd) {
763 $target_reset = sub {
764 system_verbose($reset_cmd);
768 if (defined $on_opt && defined $target_power_on) {
772 if (defined $off_opt && defined $target_power_off) {
773 print "novaboot: Switching the target off...\n";
774 &$target_power_off();
778 $builddir ||= dirname(File::Spec->rel2abs( ${$scripts[0]}{filename})) if scalar @scripts;
779 if (defined $builddir) {
780 chdir($builddir) or die "Can't change directory to $builddir: $!";
781 print "novaboot: Entering directory `$builddir'\n";
783 $builddir = $invocation_dir;
786 ## File generation phase
787 my (%files_iso, $menu_iso, $filename);
788 my $config_name = '';
791 foreach my $script (@scripts) {
792 $filename = $$script{filename};
793 $modules = $$script{modules};
794 $generated = $$script{generated};
795 $variables = $$script{variables};
797 ($config_name = $filename) =~ s#.*/##;
798 $config_name = $config_name_opt if (defined $config_name_opt);
800 if (exists $variables->{BUILDDIR}) {
801 $builddir = File::Spec->rel2abs($variables->{BUILDDIR});
802 chdir($builddir) or die "Can't change directory to $builddir: $!";
803 print "novaboot: Entering directory `$builddir'\n";
807 $prefix = $grub_prefix;
808 $prefix =~ s/\$NAME/$config_name/;
809 $prefix =~ s/\$BUILDDIR/$builddir/;
811 # TODO: use $grub_prefix as first parameter if some switch is given
812 generate_configs('', $generated, $filename);
814 ### Generate bootloader configuration files
815 my @bootloader_configs;
816 push @bootloader_configs, generate_grub_config($grub_config, $config_name, $prefix, $modules, $grub_preamble) if (defined $grub_config);
817 push @bootloader_configs, generate_grub2_config($grub2_config, $config_name, $prefix, $modules, $grub_preamble, $grub2_prolog) if (defined $grub2_config);
818 push @bootloader_configs, generate_pulsar_config('config-'.($pulsar||'novaboot'), $modules) if (defined $pulsar);
820 ### Run scons or make
822 my @files = map({ ($file) = m/([^ ]*)/; $file; } @$modules);
823 # Filter-out generated files
824 my @to_build = grep({ my $file = $_; !scalar(grep($file eq ($$_{filename} || ''), @$generated)) } @files);
826 system_verbose($scons || $CFG::scons." ".join(" ", @to_build)) if (defined $scons);
827 system_verbose($make || $CFG::make ." ".join(" ", @to_build)) if (defined $make);
830 ### Copy files (using rsync)
831 if (defined $server && !defined($gen_only)) {
832 (my $real_server = $server) =~ s/\$NAME/$config_name/;
834 my ($hostname, $path) = split(":", $real_server, 2);
835 if (! defined $path) {
839 my $files = join(" ", map({ ($file) = m/([^ ]*)/; $file; } ( @$modules, @bootloader_configs)));
840 map({ my $file = (split)[0]; die "$file: $!" if ! -f $file; } @$modules);
841 my $istty = -t STDOUT && ($ENV{'TERM'} || 'dumb') ne 'dumb';
842 my $progress = $istty ? "--progress" : "";
843 system_verbose("rsync $progress -RLp $rsync_flags $files $real_server");
844 if ($server =~ m|/\$NAME$| && $concat) {
845 my $cmd = join("; ", map { "( cd $path/.. && cat */$_ > $_ )" } @bootloader_configs);
846 system_verbose($hostname ? "ssh $hostname '$cmd'" : $cmd);
850 ### Prepare ISO image generation
851 if (defined $iso_image) {
852 generate_configs("(cd)", $generated, $filename);
854 generate_syslinux_config(\$menu, $config_name, "/", $modules);
855 $menu_iso .= "$menu\n";
856 map { ($file,undef) = split; $files_iso{$file} = 1; } @$modules;
860 ## Generate ISO image
861 if (defined $iso_image) {
862 system_verbose("mkdir -p isolinux");
865 if (-f '/usr/lib/ISOLINUX/isolinux.bin') {
866 # Newer ISOLINUX version
867 @files = qw(/usr/lib/ISOLINUX/isolinux.bin /usr/lib/syslinux/modules/bios/mboot.c32 /usr/lib/syslinux/modules/bios/libcom32.c32 /usr/lib/syslinux/modules/bios/menu.c32 /usr/lib/syslinux/modules/bios/ldlinux.c32);
869 # Older ISOLINUX version
870 @files = qw(/usr/lib/syslinux/isolinux.bin /usr/lib/syslinux/mboot.c32 /usr/lib/syslinux/menu.c32);
872 system_verbose("cp @files isolinux");
873 open(my $fh, ">isolinux/isolinux.cfg");
875 print $fh "TIMEOUT 50\n";
876 print $fh "DEFAULT menu\n";
878 print $fh "DEFAULT $config_name\n";
880 print $fh "$menu_iso";
883 my $files = join(" ", map("$_=$_", (keys(%files_iso), 'isolinux/isolinux.cfg', map(s|.*/|isolinux/|r, @files))));
884 $iso_image ||= "$config_name.iso";
886 # Note: We use -U flag below to "Allow 'untranslated' filenames,
887 # completely violating the ISO9660 standards". Without this
888 # option, isolinux is not able to read files names for example
890 system_verbose("$CFG::genisoimage -R -b isolinux/isolinux.bin -c isolinux/boot.cat -no-emul-boot -boot-load-size 4 -boot-info-table -hide-rr-moved -U -o $iso_image -graft-points $files");
891 print("ISO image created: $builddir/$iso_image\n");
894 exit(0) if defined $gen_only;
896 ## Boot the system using various methods and send serial output to stdout
898 if (scalar(@scripts) > 1 && ( defined $dhcp_tftp || defined $serial || defined $iprelay)) {
899 die "You cannot do this with multiple scripts simultaneously";
902 if ($variables->{WVTEST_TIMEOUT}) {
903 print "wvtest: timeout ", $variables->{WVTEST_TIMEOUT}, "\n";
908 $str =~ s/^\s+|\s+$//g;
916 $qemu ||= $variables->{QEMU} || $CFG::qemu;
917 my @qemu_flags = split(" ", $qemu);
918 $qemu = shift(@qemu_flags);
920 @qemu_flags = split(/ +/, trim($variables->{QEMU_FLAGS})) if exists $variables->{QEMU_FLAGS};
921 @qemu_flags = split(/ +/, trim($qemu_flags_cmd)) if $qemu_flags_cmd;
922 push(@qemu_flags, split(/ +/, trim($qemu_append || '')));
924 if (defined $iso_image) {
925 # Boot NOVA with grub (and test the iso image)
926 push(@qemu_flags, ('-cdrom', $iso_image));
928 # Boot NOVA without GRUB
930 # Non-patched qemu doesn't like commas, but NUL can live with pluses instead of commans
931 foreach (@$modules) {s/,/+/g;}
932 generate_configs("", $generated, $filename);
934 if (scalar @$modules) {
935 my ($kbin, $kcmd) = split(' ', shift(@$modules), 2);
936 $kcmd = '' if !defined $kcmd;
938 @$modules = map { if (/\.dtb$/) { $dtb=$_; (); } else { $_ } } @$modules;
939 my $initrd = join ",", @$modules;
941 push(@qemu_flags, ('-kernel', $kbin, '-append', $kcmd));
942 push(@qemu_flags, ('-initrd', $initrd)) if $initrd;
943 push(@qemu_flags, ('-dtb', $dtb)) if $dtb;
946 push(@qemu_flags, qw(-serial stdio)); # Redirect serial output (for collecting test restuls)
947 unshift(@qemu_flags, ('-name', $config_name));
948 print "novaboot: Running: ".shell_cmd_string($qemu, @qemu_flags)."\n";
949 $exp = Expect->spawn(($qemu, @qemu_flags)) || die("exec() failed: $!");
952 ### Local DHCPD and TFTPD
954 my ($dhcpd_pid, $tftpd_pid);
956 $tftp=1 if $tftp_port;
958 if (defined $dhcp_tftp)
960 generate_configs("(nd)", $generated, $filename);
961 system_verbose('mkdir -p tftpboot');
962 generate_grub_config("tftpboot/os-menu.lst", $config_name, "(nd)", \@$modules, "timeout 0");
963 open(my $fh, '>', 'dhcpd.conf');
964 my $mac = `cat /sys/class/net/eth0/address`;
966 print $fh "subnet 10.23.23.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
967 range 10.23.23.10 10.23.23.100;
968 filename \"bin/boot/grub/pxegrub.pxe\";
969 next-server 10.23.23.1;
972 hardware ethernet $mac;
973 fixed-address 10.23.23.1;
976 system_verbose("sudo ip a add 10.23.23.1/24 dev eth0;
977 sudo ip l set dev eth0 up;
978 sudo touch dhcpd.leases");
980 # We run servers by forking ourselves, because the servers end up
981 # in our process group and get killed by signals sent to the
982 # process group (e.g. Ctrl-C on terminal).
984 exec_verbose("sudo dhcpd -d -cf dhcpd.conf -lf dhcpd.leases -pf dhcpd.pid") if ($dhcpd_pid == 0);
987 if (defined $dhcp_tftp || defined $tftp) {
989 # Unfortunately, tftpd requires root privileges even with
990 # non-privileged (>1023) port due to initgroups().
991 system_verbose("sudo in.tftpd --listen --secure -v -v -v --pidfile tftpd.pid --address :$tftp_port $builddir");
993 # Kill server when we die
994 $SIG{__DIE__} = sub { system_verbose('sudo pkill --pidfile=dhcpd.pid') if (defined $dhcp_tftp);
995 system_verbose('sudo pkill --pidfile=tftpd.pid'); };
997 # We have to kill tftpd explicitely, because it is not in our process group
998 $SIG{INT} = sub { system_verbose('sudo pkill --pidfile=tftpd.pid'); exit(0); };
1002 if (defined $ider) {
1003 my $ider_cmd= "amtider -c $iso_image -u $amt_user -p $amt_password $amt_host $amt_port" ;
1004 print "novaboot: Running: $ider_cmd\n" =~ s/\Q$amt_password\E/???/r;
1005 my $ider_pid = fork();
1006 if ($ider_pid == 0) {
1008 die "IDE redirection failed";
1010 # FIXME: This collides with --tftp option. Hopefully, nobody needs
1011 # to use both simultaneously.
1012 $SIG{__DIE__} = sub { system_verbose('kill $ider_pid'); };
1015 ### Reset target (IP relay, AMT, ...)
1017 if (defined $target_reset && $reset) {
1018 print "novaboot: Reseting the test box... ";
1023 ### U-boot conversation
1024 if (defined $uboot) {
1025 my $uboot_prompt = $uboot || '=> ';
1026 print "novaboot: Waiting for U-Boot prompt...\n";
1027 $exp || die("No serial line connection");
1028 $exp->log_stdout(1);
1029 #$exp->exp_internal(1);
1031 [qr/Hit any key to stop autoboot:/, sub { $exp->send("\n"); exp_continue; }],
1032 $uboot_prompt) || die "No U-Boot prompt deteceted";
1033 foreach my $cmdspec (@uboot_init) {
1034 my ($cmd, $timeout);
1035 if (ref($cmdspec) eq "HASH") {
1036 $cmd = $cmdspec->{command};
1037 $timeout = $cmdspec->{timeout};
1042 if ($cmd =~ /\$NB_MYIP/) {
1043 my $ip = (grep /inet /, `ip addr show eth0`)[0] || die "Problem determining our IP address";
1044 $ip =~ s/\s*inet ([0-9.]*).*/$1/;
1045 $cmd =~ s/\$NB_MYIP/$ip/g;
1047 if ($cmd =~ /\$NB_PREFIX/) {
1050 $cmd =~ s/\$NB_PREFIX/$p/g;
1053 $exp->send("$cmd\n");
1054 $exp->expect($timeout, $uboot_prompt) || die "U-Boot prompt timeout";
1057 # Boot the system if there are some load lines in the script
1058 if (scalar(@$modules) > 0 && !$variables->{NO_BOOT}) {
1059 my ($kbin, $kcmd) = split(' ', shift(@$modules), 2);
1061 @$modules = map { if (/\.dtb$/) { $dtb=$_; (); } else { $_ } } @$modules;
1062 my $initrd = shift @$modules;
1064 die "No '--uboot-addr kernel' given" unless $uboot_addr{kernel};
1065 $exp->send("tftpboot $uboot_addr{kernel} $prefix$kbin\n");
1067 [qr/##/, sub { exp_continue; }],
1068 $uboot_prompt) || die "Kernel load timeout";
1070 die "No '--uboot-addr fdt' given" unless $uboot_addr{fdt};
1071 $exp->send("tftpboot $uboot_addr{fdt} $prefix$dtb\n");
1073 [qr/##/, sub { exp_continue; }],
1074 $uboot_prompt) || die "Device tree load timeout";
1076 if (defined $initrd) {
1077 die "No '--uboot-addr ramdisk' given" unless $uboot_addr{ramdisk};
1078 $exp->send("tftpboot $uboot_addr{ramdisk} $prefix$initrd\n");
1080 [qr/##/, sub { exp_continue; }],
1081 $uboot_prompt) || die "Initrd load timeout";
1083 $uboot_addr{ramdisk} = '-';
1087 $exp->send("setenv bootargs $kcmd\n");
1088 $exp->expect(5, $uboot_prompt) || die "U-Boot prompt timeout";
1090 $uboot_cmd //= $variables->{UBOOT_CMD} // 'bootm $kernel_addr $ramdisk_addr $fdt_addr';
1091 $uboot_cmd =~ s/\$kernel_addr/$uboot_addr{kernel}/g;
1092 $uboot_cmd =~ s/\$ramdisk_addr/$uboot_addr{ramdisk}/g;
1093 $uboot_cmd =~ s/\$fdt_addr/$uboot_addr{fdt}/g;
1095 $exp->send($uboot_cmd . "\n");
1096 $exp->expect(5, "\n") || die "U-Boot command timeout";
1100 ### Serial line interaction
1102 # Serial line of the target is available
1103 my $interrupt = 'Ctrl-C';
1104 if ($interactive && !@exiton) {
1105 $interrupt = '"~~."';
1107 my $note = (-t STDIN) ? '' : '- only target->host ';
1108 print "novaboot: Serial line interaction $note(press $interrupt to interrupt)...\n";
1109 $exp->log_stdout(1);
1111 $exp->expect($exiton_timeout, @expect_raw, @exiton) || die("exiton timeout");
1114 my @inputs = ($exp);
1115 if (-t STDIN) { # Set up bi-directional communication if we run on terminal
1116 my $infile = new IO::File;
1117 $infile->IO::File::fdopen(*STDIN,'r');
1118 my $in_object = Expect->exp_init($infile);
1119 $in_object->set_group($exp);
1122 $in_object->set_seq('~~\.', sub { print "novaboot: Escape sequence detected\r\n"; undef; });
1123 $in_object->manual_stty(0); # Use raw terminal mode
1125 $in_object->manual_stty(1); # Do not modify terminal settings
1127 push(@inputs, $in_object);
1130 #print Dumper(\@expect_raw);
1131 $exp->expect(undef, @expect_raw) if @expect_raw;
1132 Expect::interconnect(@inputs) unless defined($exp->exitstatus);
1136 ## Kill dhcpc or tftpd
1137 if (defined $dhcp_tftp || defined $tftp) {
1138 die("novaboot: This should kill servers on background\n");
1145 novaboot - Boots a locally compiled operating system on a remote
1152 B<novaboot> [option]... [--] script...
1154 B<./script> [option]...
1158 This program makes booting of a locally compiled operating system (OS)
1159 (e.g. NOVA or Linux) on remote targets as simple as running a program
1160 locally. It automates things like copying OS images to a TFTP server,
1161 generation of bootloader configuration files, resetting of target
1162 hardware or redirection of target's serial line to stdin/out. Novaboot
1163 is highly configurable and it makes it easy to boot a single image on
1164 different targets or different images on a single target.
1166 Novaboot operation is controlled by command line options and by a so
1167 called novaboot script, which can be thought as a generalization of
1168 bootloader configuration files (see L</"NOVABOOT SCRIPT SYNTAX">).
1169 Typical way of using novaboot is to make the novaboot script
1170 executable and set its first line to I<#!/usr/bin/env novaboot>. Then,
1171 booting a particular OS configuration becomes the same as executing a
1172 local program - the novaboot script.
1174 Novaboot uses configuration files to, among other things, define
1175 command line options needed for different targets. Users typically use
1176 only the B<-t>/B<--target> command line option to select the target.
1177 Internally, this option expands to the pre-configured options.
1178 Configuration files are searched at multiple places, which allows to
1179 have per-system, per-user or per-project configurations. Configuration
1180 file syntax is described in section L</"CONFIGURATION FILE">.
1182 Simple examples of using C<novaboot>:
1188 Run an OS in Qemu. This is the default action when no other action is
1189 specified by command line switches. Thus running C<novaboot myos> (or
1190 C<./myos> as described above) will run Qemu and make it boot the
1191 configuration specified in the F<myos> script.
1195 Create a bootloader configuration file (currently supported
1196 bootloaders are GRUB, GRUB2, ISOLINUX, Pulsar and U-Boot) and copy it
1197 with all other files needed for booting to a remote boot server. Then
1198 use a TCP/IP-controlled relay/serial-to-TCP converter to reset the
1199 target and receive its serial output.
1201 ./myos --grub2 --server=192.168.1.1:/tftp --iprelay=192.168.1.2
1205 Run DHCP and TFTP server on developer's machine to boot the target
1210 This is useful when no network infrastructure is in place and
1211 the target is connected directly to developer's box.
1215 Create bootable ISO image.
1217 novaboot --iso -- script1 script2
1219 The created ISO image will have ISOLINUX bootloader installed on it
1220 and the boot menu will allow selecting between I<script1> and
1221 I<script2> configurations.
1225 =head1 PHASES AND OPTIONS
1227 Novaboot performs its work in several phases. Each phase can be
1228 influenced by several command line options, certain phases can be
1229 skipped. The list of phases (in the execution order) and the
1230 corresponding options follows.
1232 =head2 Configuration reading phase
1234 After starting, novaboot reads configuration files. Their content is
1235 described in section L</"CONFIGURATION FILE">. By default,
1236 configuration is read from multiple locations. First from the system
1237 configuration directory (F</etc/novaboot.d/>), second from the user
1238 configuration file (F<~/.config/novaboot>) and third from F<.novaboot>
1239 files along the path to the current directory. Alternatively, a single
1240 configuration file specified with the B<-c> switch or with the
1241 C<NOVABOOT_CONFIG> environment variable is read. The latter read files
1242 override settings from the former ones.
1244 The system configuration directory is determined by the content of
1245 NOVABOOT_CONFIG_DIR environment variable and defaults to
1246 F</etc/novaboot.d>. Files in this directory with names consisting
1247 solely of English letters, numbers, dashes '-' and underscores '_'
1248 (note that dot '.' is not included) are read in alphabetical order.
1250 Then, the user configuration file is read from
1251 F<$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/novaboot>. If C<$XDG_CONFIG_HOME> environemnt
1252 variable is not set F<~/.config/novaboot> is read instead.
1254 Finally, novaboot searches for files named F<.novaboot> starting from the
1255 directory of the novaboot script (or working directory, see bellow)
1256 and continuing upwards up to the root directory. The found
1257 configuration files are then read in the opposite order (i.e. from the
1258 root directory downwards). This allows to have, for example, a project
1259 specific configuration in F<~/project/.novaboot>.
1261 Note the difference between F<~/.config/novaboot> and F<~/.novaboot>.
1262 The former one is read always, whereas the latter only when novaboot
1263 script or working directory is under the C<$HOME> directory.
1265 In certain cases, the location of the novaboot script cannot be
1266 determined in this early phase. This happens either when the script is
1267 read from the standard input or when novaboot is invoked explicitly as
1268 in the example L</"4."> above. In this case the current working
1269 directory is used as a starting point for configuration file search
1270 instead of the novaboot script directory.
1274 =item -c, --config=I<filename>
1276 Use the specified configuration file instead of the default one(s).
1280 =head2 Command line processing phase
1286 Dump the current configuration to stdout end exit. Useful as an
1287 initial template for a configuration file.
1291 Print short (B<-h>) or long (B<--help>) help.
1293 =item -t, --target=I<target>
1295 This option serves as a user configurable shortcut for other novaboot
1296 options. The effect of this option is the same as the options stored
1297 in the C<%targets> configuration variable under key I<target>. See
1298 also L</"CONFIGURATION FILE">.
1302 =head2 Script preprocessing phase
1304 This phases allows to modify the parsed novaboot script before it is
1305 used in the later phases.
1309 =item -a, --append=I<parameters>
1311 Append a string to the first C<load> line in the novaboot script. This
1312 can be used to append parameters to the kernel's or root task's
1313 command line. This option can appear multiple times.
1317 Use F<bender> chainloader. Bender scans the PCI bus for PCI serial
1318 ports and stores the information about them in the BIOS data area for
1321 =item --chainloader=I<chainloader>
1323 Specifies a chainloader that is loaded before the kernel and other
1324 files specified in the novaboot script. E.g. 'bin/boot/bender
1329 Print the modules to boot and their parameters after this phase
1330 finishes. Then exit. This is useful for seeing the effect of other
1331 options in this section.
1333 =item -k, --kernel=F<file>
1335 Replace the first word on the first C<load> line in the novaboot
1336 script with F<file>.
1338 =item --scriptmod=I<perl expression>
1340 When novaboot script is read, I<perl expression> is executed for every
1341 line (in $_ variable). For example, C<novaboot
1342 --scriptmod=s/sigma0/omega6/g> replaces every occurrence of I<sigma0>
1343 in the script with I<omega6>.
1345 When this option is present, it overrides I<$script_modifier> variable
1346 from the configuration file, which has the same effect. If this option
1347 is given multiple times all expressions are evaluated in the command
1352 =head2 File generation phase
1354 In this phase, files needed for booting are generated in a so called
1355 I<build directory> (see L</--build-dir>). In most cases configuration
1356 for a bootloader is generated automatically by novaboot. It is also
1357 possible to generate other files using I<heredoc> or I<"<"> syntax in
1358 novaboot scripts. Finally, binaries can be generated in this phases by
1359 running C<scons> or C<make>.
1363 =item --build-dir=I<directory>
1365 Overrides the default build directory location.
1367 The default build directory location is determined as follows: If the
1368 configuration file defines the C<$builddir> variable, its value is
1369 used. Otherwise, it is the directory that contains the first processed
1372 See also L</BUILDDIR> variable.
1374 =item -g, --grub[=I<filename>]
1376 Generates grub bootloader menu file. If the I<filename> is not
1377 specified, F<menu.lst> is used. The I<filename> is relative to the
1378 build directory (see B<--build-dir>).
1380 =item --grub-preamble=I<prefix>
1382 Specifies the I<preable> that is at the beginning of the generated
1383 GRUB or GRUB2 config files. This is useful for specifying GRUB's
1386 =item --prefix=I<prefix>
1388 Specifies I<prefix> (e.g. F</srv/tftp>) that is put in front of every
1389 file name in generated bootloader configuration files (or in U-Boot
1392 If the I<prefix> contains string $NAME, it will be replaced with the
1393 name of the novaboot script (see also B<--name>).
1395 If the I<prefix> contains string $BUILDDIR, it will be replaced with
1396 the build directory (see also B<--build-dir>).
1400 Alias for B<--prefix>.
1402 =item --grub2[=I<filename>]
1404 Generate GRUB2 menu entry in I<filename>. If I<filename> is not
1405 specified F<grub.cfg> is used. The content of the menu entry can be
1406 customized with B<--grub-preamble>, B<--grub2-prolog> or
1407 B<--grub_prefix> options.
1409 In order to use the the generated menu entry on your development
1410 machine that uses GRUB2, append the following snippet to
1411 F</etc/grub.d/40_custom> file and regenerate your grub configuration,
1412 i.e. run update-grub on Debian/Ubuntu.
1414 if [ -f /path/to/nul/build/grub.cfg ]; then
1415 source /path/to/nul/build/grub.cfg
1418 =item --grub2-prolog=I<prolog>
1420 Specifies text that is put at the beginning of the GRUB2 menu entry.
1422 =item -m, --make[=make command]
1424 Runs C<make> to build files that are not generated by novaboot itself.
1426 =item --name=I<string>
1428 Use the name I<string> instead of the name of the novaboot script.
1429 This name is used for things like a title of grub menu or for the
1430 server directory where the boot files are copied to.
1434 Do not run external commands to generate files (i.e. "<" syntax and
1435 C<run> keyword). This switch does not influence generation of files
1436 specified with "<<WORD" syntax.
1438 =item -p, --pulsar[=mac]
1440 Generates pulsar bootloader configuration file named F<config-I<mac>>
1441 The I<mac> string is typically a MAC address and defaults to
1444 =item --scons[=scons command]
1446 Runs C<scons> to build files that are not generated by novaboot
1451 Strip I<rom://> prefix from command lines and generated config files.
1452 The I<rom://> prefix is used by NUL. For NRE, it has to be stripped.
1456 Exit novaboot after file generation phase.
1460 =head2 Target connection check
1462 If supported by the target, the connection to it is made and it is
1463 checked whether the target is not occupied by another novaboot
1468 =item --amt=I<"[user[:password]@]host[:port]>
1470 Use Intel AMT technology to control the target machine. WS management
1471 is used to powercycle it and Serial-Over-Lan (SOL) for input/output.
1472 The hostname or (IP address) is given by the I<host> parameter. If
1473 I<password> is not specified, environment variable AMT_PASSWORD is
1474 used. The I<port> specifies a TCP port for SOL. If not specified, the
1475 default is 16992. Default I<user> is admin.
1477 =item --iprelay=I<addr[:port]>
1479 Use TCP/IP relay and serial port to access the target's serial port
1480 and powercycle it. The IP address of the relay is given by I<addr>
1481 parameter. If I<port> is not specified, it default to 23.
1483 Note: This option is supposed to work with HWG-ER02a IP relays.
1485 =item -s, --serial[=device]
1487 Target's serial line is connected to host's serial line (device). The
1488 default value for device is F</dev/ttyUSB0>.
1490 The value of this option is exported in NB_NOVABOOT environment
1491 variable to all subprocesses run by C<novaboot>.
1493 =item --stty=I<settings>
1495 Specifies settings passed to C<stty> invoked on the serial line
1496 specified with B<--serial> option. If this option is not given,
1497 C<stty> is called with C<raw -crtscts -onlcr 115200> settings.
1499 =item --remote-cmd=I<cmd>
1501 Command that mediates connection to the target's serial line. For
1502 example C<ssh server 'cu -l /dev/ttyS0'>.
1504 =item --remote-expect=I<string>
1506 Wait for reception of I<string> after establishing the the remote
1507 connection before continuing.
1512 =head2 File deployment phase
1514 In some setups, it is necessary to copy the files needed for booting
1515 to a particular location, e.g. to a TFTP boot server or to the
1520 =item -d, --dhcp-tftp
1522 Turns your workstation into a DHCP and TFTP server so that the OS can
1523 be booted via PXE BIOS (or similar mechanism) on the test machine
1524 directly connected by a plain Ethernet cable to your workstation.
1526 The DHCP and TFTP servers requires root privileges and C<novaboot>
1527 uses C<sudo> command to obtain those. You can put the following to
1528 I</etc/sudoers> to allow running the necessary commands without asking
1531 Cmnd_Alias NOVABOOT = /bin/ip a add 10.23.23.1/24 dev eth0, /bin/ip l set dev eth0 up, /usr/sbin/dhcpd -d -cf dhcpd.conf -lf dhcpd.leases -pf dhcpd.pid, /usr/sbin/in.tftpd --listen --secure -v -v -v --pidfile tftpd.pid *, /usr/bin/touch dhcpd.leases, /usr/bin/pkill --pidfile=dhcpd.pid, /usr/bin/pkill --pidfile=tftpd.pid
1532 your_login ALL=NOPASSWD: NOVABOOT
1536 Starts a TFTP server on your workstation. This is similar to
1537 B<--dhcp-tftp> except that DHCP server is not started.
1539 The TFTP server require root privileges and C<novaboot> uses C<sudo>
1540 command to obtain those. You can put the following to I</etc/sudoers>
1541 to allow running the necessary commands without asking for password.
1543 Cmnd_Alias NOVABOOT = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd --listen --secure -v -v -v --pidfile tftpd.pid *, /usr/bin/pkill --pidfile=tftpd.pid
1544 your_login ALL=NOPASSWD: NOVABOOT
1546 =item --tftp-port=I<port>
1548 Port to run the TFTP server on. Implies B<--tftp>.
1550 =item --iso[=filename]
1552 Generates the ISO image that boots NOVA system via GRUB. If no filename
1553 is given, the image is stored under I<NAME>.iso, where I<NAME> is the name
1554 of the novaboot script (see also B<--name>).
1556 =item --server[=[[user@]server:]path]
1558 Copy all files needed for booting to another location. The files will
1559 be copied (by B<rsync> tool) to the directory I<path>. If the I<path>
1560 contains string $NAME, it will be replaced with the name of the
1561 novaboot script (see also B<--name>).
1563 =item --rsync-flags=I<flags>
1565 Specifies which I<flags> are appended to F<rsync> command line when
1566 copying files as a result of I<--server> option.
1570 If B<--server> is used and its value ends with $NAME, then after
1571 copying the files, a new bootloader configuration file (e.g. menu.lst)
1572 is created at I<path-wo-name>, i.e. the path specified by B<--server>
1573 with $NAME part removed. The content of the file is created by
1574 concatenating all files of the same name from all subdirectories of
1575 I<path-wo-name> found on the "server".
1579 Use Intel AMT technology for IDE redirection. This allows the target
1580 machine to boot from novaboot created ISO image. Implies B<--iso>.
1582 The experimental C<amtider> utility needed by this option can be
1583 obtained from https://github.com/wentasah/amtterm.
1587 =head2 Target power-on and reset phase
1589 At this point, the target is reset (or switched on/off). There is
1590 several ways how this can be accomplished. Resetting a physical target
1591 can currently be accomplished by the following options: B<--amt>,
1592 B<--iprelay>, B<--reset-cmd>.
1598 Switch on/off the target machine and exit. The script (if any) is
1599 completely ignored. Currently it works only with B<--iprelay> or
1602 =item -Q, --qemu[=I<qemu-binary>]
1604 Boot the configuration in qemu. Optionally, the name of qemu binary
1605 can be specified as a parameter.
1607 =item --qemu-append=I<flags>
1609 Append I<flags> to the default qemu flags (QEMU_FLAGS variable or
1610 C<-cpu coreduo -smp 2>).
1612 =item -q, --qemu-flags=I<flags>
1614 Replace the default qemu flags (QEMU_FLAGS variable or C<-cpu coreduo
1615 -smp 2>) with I<flags> specified here.
1617 =item --reset-cmd=I<cmd>
1619 Command that resets the target.
1621 =item --no-reset, --reset
1623 Disable/enable resetting of the target.
1627 =head2 Interaction with the bootloader on the target
1631 =item --uboot[=I<prompt>]
1633 Interact with U-Boot bootloader to boot the thing described in the
1634 novaboot script. I<prompt> specifies the U-Boot's prompt (default is
1635 "=> ", other common prompts are "U-Boot> " or "U-Boot# ").
1636 Implementation of this option is currently tied to a particular board
1637 that we use. It may be subject to changes in the future!
1641 Command(s) to send the U-Boot bootloader before loading the images and
1642 booting them. This option can be given multiple times. After sending
1643 commands from each option novaboot waits for U-Boot I<prompt>.
1645 If the command contains string I<$NB_MYIP> then this string is
1646 replaced by IPv4 address of eth0 interface. Similarly I<$NB_PREFIX> is
1647 replaced with prefix given by B<--prefix>.
1649 See also C<uboot> keyword in L</"NOVABOOT SCRIPT SYNTAX">).
1651 =item --uboot-addr I<name>=I<address>
1653 Load address of U-Boot's C<tftpboot> command for loading I<name>,
1654 where name is one of I<kernel>, I<ramdisk> or I<fdt> (flattened device
1657 The default addresses are ${I<name>_addr_r}, i.e. U-Boot environment
1658 variables used by convention for this purpose.
1660 =item --uboot-cmd=I<command>
1662 Specifies U-Boot command used to execute the OS. If the command
1663 contains strings C<$kernel_addr>, C<$ramdisk_addr>, C<$fdt_addr>,
1664 these are replaced with the addresses configured with B<--uboot-addr>.
1666 The default value is
1668 bootm $kernel_addr $ramdisk_addr $fdt_addr
1670 or the C<UBOOT_CMD> variable if defined in the novaboot script.
1674 =head2 Target interaction phase
1676 In this phase, target's serial output is redirected to stdout and if
1677 stdin is a TTY, it is redirected to the target's serial input allowing
1678 interactive work with the target.
1682 =item --exiton=I<string>
1684 When I<string> is sent by the target, novaboot exits. This option can
1685 be specified multiple times, in which case novaboot exits whenever
1686 either of the specified strings is sent.
1688 If I<string> is C<-re>, then the next B<--exiton>'s I<string> is
1689 treated as regular expression. For example:
1691 --exiton -re --exiton 'error:.*failed'
1693 =item --exiton-re=I<regex>
1695 The same as --exiton -re --exiton I<regex>.
1697 =item --exiton-timeout=I<seconds>
1699 By default B<--exiton> waits for the string match forever. When this
1700 option is specified, "exiton" timeouts after the specifies number of
1701 seconds and novaboot returns non-zero exit code.
1703 =item -i, --interactive
1705 Setup things for interactive use of target. Your terminal will be
1706 switched to raw mode. In raw mode, your system does not process input
1707 in any way (no echoing of entered characters, no interpretation
1708 special characters). This, among others, means that Ctrl-C is passed
1709 to the target and does no longer interrupt novaboot. Use "~~."
1710 sequence to exit novaboot.
1712 =item --expect=I<string>
1714 When I<string> is received from the target, send the string specified
1715 with the subsequent B<--send*> option to the target.
1717 =item --expect-re=I<regex>
1719 When target's output matches regular expression I<regex>, send the
1720 string specified with the subsequent B<--send*> option to the target.
1722 =item --expect-raw=I<perl-code>
1724 Provides direct control over Perl's Expect module.
1726 =item --send=I<string>
1728 Send I<string> to the target after the previously specified
1729 B<--expect*> was matched in the target's output. The I<string> may
1730 contain escape sequences such as "\n".
1732 Note that I<string> is actually interpreted by Perl, so it can contain
1733 much more that escape sequences. This behavior may change in the
1736 Example: C<--expect='login: ' --send='root\n'>
1738 =item --sendcont=I<string>
1740 Similar to B<--send> but continue expecting more input.
1742 Example: C<--expect='Continue?' --sendcont='yes\n'>
1746 =head1 NOVABOOT SCRIPT SYNTAX
1748 The syntax tries to mimic POSIX shell syntax. The syntax is defined
1749 with the following rules.
1751 Lines starting with "#" and empty lines are ignored.
1753 Lines that end with "\" are concatenated with the following line after
1754 removal of the final "\" and leading whitespace of the following line.
1756 Lines of the form I<VARIABLE=...> (i.e. matching '^[A-Z_]+=' regular
1757 expression) assign values to internal variables. See L</VARIABLES>
1760 Lines starting with C<load> keyword represent modules to boot. The
1761 word after C<load> is a file name (relative to the build directory
1762 (see B<--build-dir>) of the module to load and the remaining words are
1763 passed to it as the command line parameters.
1765 When the C<load> line ends with "<<WORD" then the subsequent lines
1766 until the line containing solely WORD are copied literally to the file
1767 named on that line. This is similar to shell's heredoc feature.
1769 When the C<load> line ends with "< CMD" then command CMD is executed
1770 with F</bin/sh> and its standard output is stored in the file named on
1771 that line. The SRCDIR variable in CMD's environment is set to the
1772 absolute path of the directory containing the interpreted novaboot
1775 Lines starting with C<run> keyword contain shell commands that are run
1776 during file generation phase. This is the same as the "< CMD" syntax
1777 for C<load> keyboard except that the command's output is not
1778 redirected to a file. The ordering of commands is the same as they
1779 appear in the novaboot script.
1781 Lines starting with C<uboot> represent U-Boot commands that are sent
1782 to the target if B<--uboot> option is given. Having a U-Boot line in
1783 the novaboot script is the same as passing an equivalent
1784 B<--uboot-init> option to novaboot. The C<uboot> keyword can be
1785 suffixed with timeout specification. The syntax is C<uboot:Ns>, where
1786 C<N> is the whole number of seconds. If the U-Boot command prompt does
1787 not appear before the timeout, novaboot fails. The default timeout is
1792 #!/usr/bin/env novaboot
1793 load bzImage console=ttyS0,115200
1794 run make -C buildroot
1795 load rootfs.cpio < gen_cpio buildroot/images/rootfs.cpio "myapp->/etc/init.d/S99myapp"
1797 Example (NOVA User Land - NUL):
1799 #!/usr/bin/env novaboot
1800 WVDESC=Example program
1801 load bin/apps/sigma0.nul S0_DEFAULT script_start:1,1 \
1802 verbose hostkeyb:0,0x60,1,12,2
1803 load bin/apps/hello.nul
1804 load hello.nulconfig <<EOF
1805 sigma0::mem:16 name::/s0/log name::/s0/timer name::/s0/fs/rom ||
1806 rom://bin/apps/hello.nul
1809 This example will load three modules: F<sigma0.nul>, F<hello.nul> and
1810 F<hello.nulconfig>. sigma0 receives some command line parameters and
1811 F<hello.nulconfig> file is generated on the fly from the lines between
1812 C<<<EOF> and C<EOF>.
1816 The following variables are interpreted in the novaboot script:
1822 Novaboot chdir()s to this directory before file generation phase. The
1823 directory name specified here is relative to the build directory
1824 specified by other means (see L</--build-dir>).
1828 Assigning this variable has the same effect as specifying L</--exiton>
1831 =item HYPERVISOR_PARAMS
1833 Parameters passed to hypervisor. The default value is "serial", unless
1834 overridden in configuration file.
1838 The kernel to use instead of the hypervisor specified in the
1839 configuration file with the C<$hypervisor> variable. The value should
1840 contain the name of the kernel image as well as its command line
1841 parameters. If this variable is defined and non-empty, the variable
1842 HYPERVISOR_PARAMS is not used.
1846 If this variable is 1, the system is not booted. This is currently
1847 only implemented for U-Boot bootloader where it is useful for
1848 interacting with the bootloader without booting the system - e.g. for
1853 Use a specific qemu binary (can be overridden with B<-Q>) and flags
1854 when booting this script under qemu. If QEMU_FLAGS variable is also
1855 specified flags specified in QEMU variable are replaced by those in
1860 Use specific qemu flags (can be overridden with B<-q>).
1864 See L</--uboot-cmd>.
1868 Description of the WvTest-compliant program.
1870 =item WVTEST_TIMEOUT
1872 The timeout in seconds for WvTest harness. If no complete line appears
1873 in the test output within the time specified here, the test fails. It
1874 is necessary to specify this for long running tests that produce no
1875 intermediate output.
1879 =head1 CONFIGURATION FILE
1881 Novaboot can read its configuration from one or more files. By
1882 default, novaboot looks for files in F</etc/novaboot.d>, file
1883 F<~/.config/novaboot> and files named F<.novaboot> as described in
1884 L</Configuration reading phase>. Alternatively, configuration file
1885 location can be specified with the B<-c> switch or with the
1886 NOVABOOT_CONFIG environment variable. The configuration file has Perl
1887 syntax (i.e. it is better to put C<1;> as the last line) and should set
1888 values of certain Perl variables. The current configuration can be
1889 dumped with the B<--dump-config> switch. Some configuration variables
1890 can be overridden by environment variables (see below) or by command
1893 Supported configuration variables include:
1899 Build directory location relative to the location of the configuration
1902 =item $default_target
1904 Default target (see below) to use when no target is explicitly
1905 specified on command line with the B<--target> option.
1909 Hash of target definitions to be used with the B<--target> option. The
1910 key is the identifier of the target, the value is the string with
1911 command line options. For instance, if the configuration file contains:
1913 $targets{'mybox'} = '--server=boot:/tftproot --serial=/dev/ttyUSB0 --grub',
1915 then the following two commands are equivalent:
1917 ./myos --server=boot:/tftproot --serial=/dev/ttyUSB0 --grub
1922 =head1 ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
1924 Some options can be specified not only via config file or command line
1925 but also through environment variables. Environment variables override
1926 the values from configuration file and command line parameters
1927 override the environment variables.
1931 =item NOVABOOT_CONFIG
1933 Name of the novaboot configuration file to use instead of the default
1936 =item NOVABOOT_CONFIG_DIR
1938 Name of the novaboot configuration directory. When not specified
1939 F</etc/novaboot.d> is used.
1941 =item NOVABOOT_BENDER
1943 Defining this variable has the same meaning as B<--bender> option.
1949 Michal Sojka <sojka@os.inf.tu-dresden.de>
1953 # LocalWords: novaboot Novaboot NOVABOOT TFTP PXE DHCP filename stty
1954 # LocalWords: chainloader stdout Qemu qemu preprocessing ISOLINUX bootable
1955 # LocalWords: config subprocesses sudo sudoers tftp dhcp IDE stdin
1956 # LocalWords: subdirectories TTY whitespace heredoc POSIX WvTest