3 # This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
4 # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
5 # the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or
6 # (at your option) any later version.
8 # This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
9 # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
10 # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
11 # GNU General Public License for more details.
13 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
14 # along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
20 use warnings (exists $ENV{NOVABOOT_TEST} ? (FATAL => 'all') : ());
21 use Getopt::Long qw(GetOptionsFromString GetOptionsFromArray);
26 use Time::HiRes("usleep");
30 use POSIX qw(:errno_h sysconf);
31 use Cwd qw(getcwd abs_path);
37 my $invocation_dir = $ENV{PWD} || getcwd();
39 ## Configuration file handling
41 # Default configuration
42 $CFG::hypervisor = "";
43 $CFG::hypervisor_params = "serial";
44 $CFG::genisoimage = "genisoimage";
45 $CFG::qemu = 'qemu-system-i386 -cpu coreduo -smp 2';
46 $CFG::default_target = '';
49 "tud" => '--server=erwin.inf.tu-dresden.de:~sojka/boot/novaboot --rsync-flags="--chmod=Dg+s,ug+w,o-w,+rX --rsync-path=\"umask 002 && rsync\"" --grub --grub-prefix=(nd)/tftpboot/sojka/novaboot --grub-preamble="timeout 0" --concat --iprelay=141.76.48.80:2324 --scriptmod=s/\\\\bhostserial\\\\b/hostserialpci/g',
50 "novabox" => '--server=rtime.felk.cvut.cz:/srv/tftp/novaboot --rsync-flags="--chmod=Dg+s,ug+w,o-w,+rX --rsync-path=\"umask 002 && rsync\"" --pulsar --iprelay=147.32.86.92:2324',
51 "localhost" => '--scriptmod=s/console=tty[A-Z0-9,]+// --server=/boot/novaboot/$NAME --grub2 --grub-prefix=/boot/novaboot/$NAME --grub2-prolog=" set root=\'(hd0,msdos1)\'"',
52 "ryu" => '--uboot --uboot-init="mw f0000b00 \${psc_cfg}; sleep 1" --uboot-addr kernel=800000 --uboot-addr ramdisk=b00000 --uboot-addr fdt=7f0000',
53 "ryuglab" => '--target ryu --server=pc-sojkam.felk.cvut.cz:/srv/tftp --remote-cmd="ssh -tt pc-sojkam.felk.cvut.cz \"sterm -d -s 115200 /dev/ttyUSB0\""',
54 "ryulocal" => '--target ryu --dhcp-tftp --serial --reset-cmd="if which dtrrts; then dtrrts $NB_SERIAL 0 1; sleep 0.1; dtrrts $NB_SERIAL 1 1; fi"',
59 $const{linux}->{_SC_NPROCESSORS_CONF} = 83;
60 my $nproc = sysconf($const{$^O}->{_SC_NPROCESSORS_CONF});
62 $CFG::scons = "scons -j$nproc";
63 $CFG::make = "make -j$nproc";
71 package CFG; # Put config data into a separate namespace
77 die("ERROR: Failure compiling '$cfg' - $@");
78 } elsif (! defined($rc)) {
79 die("ERROR: Failure reading '$cfg' - $!");
81 die("ERROR: Failure processing '$cfg'");
84 $builddir = File::Spec->rel2abs($CFG::builddir, dirname($cfg)) if defined $CFG::builddir;
85 print STDERR "novaboot: Read $cfg\n";
90 # We don't use $0 here, because it points to the novaboot itself and
91 # not to the novaboot script. The problem with this approach is that
92 # when a script is run as "novaboot <options> <script>" then $ARGV[0]
93 # contains the first option. Hence the -f check.
94 my $dir = File::Spec->rel2abs($ARGV[0] && -f $ARGV[0] ? dirname($ARGV[0]) : '', $invocation_dir);
95 while ((-d $dir || -l $dir ) && $dir ne "/") {
96 push @cfgs, "$dir/.novaboot" if -r "$dir/.novaboot";
97 my @dirs = File::Spec->splitdir($dir);
98 $dir = File::Spec->catdir(@dirs[0..$#dirs-1]);
100 @cfgs = reverse @cfgs;
102 my $xdg_config_home = $ENV{'XDG_CONFIG_HOME'} || $ENV{'HOME'}.'/.config';
103 unshift(@cfgs, "$xdg_config_home/novaboot") if -r "$xdg_config_home/novaboot";
105 $dir = $ENV{'NOVABOOT_CONFIG_DIR'} || '/etc/novaboot.d';
106 if (opendir(my $dh, $dir)) {
107 my @etccfg = map { "$dir/$_" } grep { /^[-_a-zA-Z0-9]+$/ && -f "$dir/$_" } readdir($dh);
109 @etccfg = sort(@etccfg);
110 @cfgs = ( @etccfg, @cfgs );
113 my $cfg = $ENV{'NOVABOOT_CONFIG'};
114 Getopt::Long::Configure(qw/no_ignore_case pass_through/);
115 GetOptions ("config|c=s" => \$cfg);
116 read_config($_) foreach $cfg or @cfgs;
118 ## Command line handling
120 my $explicit_target = $ENV{'NOVABOOT_TARGET'};
121 GetOptions ("target|t=s" => \$explicit_target);
123 my ($amt, @append, $bender, @chainloaders, $concat, $config_name_opt, $dhcp_tftp, $dump_opt, $dump_config, @exiton, $exiton_timeout, @expect_raw, $gen_only, $grub_config, $grub_prefix, $grub_preamble, $grub2_prolog, $grub2_config, $help, $ider, $interaction, $iprelay, $iso_image, $interactive, $kernel_opt, $make, $man, $no_file_gen, $off_opt, $on_opt, $pulsar, $pulsar_root, $qemu, $qemu_append, $qemu_flags_cmd, $remote_cmd, $remote_expect, $remote_expect_silent, $reset, $reset_cmd, $rom_prefix, $rsync_flags, @scriptmod, $scons, $serial, $server, $stty, $tftp, $tftp_port, $uboot, %uboot_addr, $uboot_cmd, @uboot_init);
126 'kernel' => '${kernel_addr_r}',
127 'ramdisk' => '${ramdisk_addr_r}',
128 'fdt' => '${fdt_addr_r}',
132 $rom_prefix = 'rom://';
133 $stty = 'raw -crtscts -onlcr 115200';
134 $reset = 1; # Reset target by default
135 $interaction = 1; # Perform target interaction by default
137 my @expect_seen = ();
141 push(@expect_seen, '-re') if $n eq "expect-re";
142 push(@expect_seen, $v);
148 unless (@expect_seen) { die("No --expect before --send"); }
149 my $ret = ($n eq "sendcont") ? exp_continue : 0;
150 unshift(@expect_raw, sub { shift->send(eval("\"$v\"")); $ret; });
151 unshift(@expect_raw, @expect_seen);
158 "append|a=s" => \@append,
159 "bender|b" => \$bender,
160 "build-dir=s" => sub { my ($n, $v) = @_; $builddir = File::Spec->rel2abs($v); },
161 "concat" => \$concat,
162 "chainloader=s" => \@chainloaders,
163 "dhcp-tftp|d" => \$dhcp_tftp,
164 "dump" => \$dump_opt,
165 "dump-config" => \$dump_config,
166 "exiton=s" => \@exiton,
167 "exiton-timeout=i"=> \$exiton_timeout,
168 "exiton-re=s" => sub { my ($n, $v) = @_; push(@exiton, '-re', $v); },
169 "expect=s" => \&handle_expect,
170 "expect-re=s" => \&handle_expect,
171 "expect-raw=s" => sub { my ($n, $v) = @_; unshift(@expect_raw, eval($v)); },
172 "gen-only" => \$gen_only,
173 "grub|g:s" => \$grub_config,
174 "grub-preamble=s"=> \$grub_preamble,
175 "prefix|grub-prefix=s" => \$grub_prefix,
176 "grub2:s" => \$grub2_config,
177 "grub2-prolog=s" => \$grub2_prolog,
179 "interaction!" => \$interaction,
180 "iprelay=s" => \$iprelay,
181 "iso:s" => \$iso_image,
182 "kernel|k=s" => \$kernel_opt,
183 "interactive|i" => \$interactive,
184 "name=s" => \$config_name_opt,
185 "make|m:s" => \$make,
186 "no-file-gen" => \$no_file_gen,
189 "pulsar|p:s" => \$pulsar,
190 "pulsar-root=s" => \$pulsar_root,
191 "qemu|Q:s" => \$qemu,
192 "qemu-append=s" => \$qemu_append,
193 "qemu-flags|q=s" => \$qemu_flags_cmd,
194 "remote-cmd=s" => \$remote_cmd,
195 "remote-expect=s"=> \$remote_expect,
196 "remote-expect-silent=s"=> sub { $remote_expect=$_[1]; $remote_expect_silent=1; },
198 "reset-cmd=s" => \$reset_cmd,
199 "rsync-flags=s" => \$rsync_flags,
200 "scons:s" => \$scons,
201 "scriptmod=s" => \@scriptmod,
202 "send=s" => \&handle_send,
203 "sendcont=s" => \&handle_send,
204 "serial|s:s" => \$serial,
205 "server:s" => \$server,
206 "strip-rom" => sub { $rom_prefix = ''; },
209 "tftp-port=i" => \$tftp_port,
210 "uboot:s" => \$uboot,
211 "no-uboot" => sub { undef $uboot; },
212 "uboot-addr=s" => \%uboot_addr,
213 "uboot-cmd=s" => \$uboot_cmd,
214 "uboot-init=s" => \@uboot_init,
219 # First process target options
221 my $t = defined($explicit_target) ? $explicit_target : $CFG::default_target;
223 Getopt::Long::Configure(qw/no_ignore_case pass_through/);
225 exists $CFG::targets{$t} or die("Unknown target '$t' (valid targets are: ".join(", ", sort keys(%CFG::targets)).")");
227 undef $explicit_target;
228 my ($ret, $remaining_args) = GetOptionsFromString ($CFG::targets{$t}, ("target|t=s" => \$explicit_target));
229 if (!$ret) { die "Error parsing target $t option"; }
230 push(@target_expanded, @$remaining_args);
231 $t = $explicit_target;
233 Getopt::Long::Configure(qw/no_ignore_case no_pass_through/);
234 GetOptionsFromArray(\@target_expanded, %opt_spec) or die ("Error in target definition");
237 # Then process other command line options - some of them may override
238 # what was specified by the target
239 GetOptions %opt_spec or die("Error in command line arguments");
240 pod2usage(1) if $help;
241 pod2usage(-exitstatus => 0, -verbose => 2) if $man;
243 ### Dump sanitized configuration (if requested)
247 $Data::Dumper::Indent=1;
248 print "# This file is in perl syntax.\n";
249 foreach my $key(sort(keys(%CFG::))) { # See "Symbol Tables" in perlmod(1)
250 if (defined ${$CFG::{$key}}) { print Data::Dumper->Dump([${$CFG::{$key}}], ["*$key"]); }
251 if ( @{$CFG::{$key}}) { print Data::Dumper->Dump([\@{$CFG::{$key}}], ["*$key"]); }
252 if ( %{$CFG::{$key}}) { print Data::Dumper->Dump([\%{$CFG::{$key}}], ["*$key"]); }
258 ### Sanitize configuration
260 if ($interactive && !-t STDIN) {
261 die("novaboot: Interactive mode not supported when not on terminal");
264 if (defined $config_name_opt && scalar(@ARGV) > 1) { die "You cannot use --name with multiple scripts"; }
267 $iso_image //= ''; # IDE-R needs an ISO image
268 if (!defined $amt) { die "Error: --ider requires --amt"; }
272 my %input_opts = ('--iprelay' => \$iprelay,
273 '--serial' => \$serial,
274 '--remote-cmd' => \$remote_cmd,
276 my @opts = grep(defined(${$input_opts{$_}}) , keys %input_opts);
278 die("novaboot: More than one target connection option: ".join(', ', @opts)) if scalar @opts > 1;
282 if (defined $serial) {
283 $serial ||= "/dev/ttyUSB0";
284 $ENV{NB_SERIAL} = $serial;
286 if (defined $grub_config) { $grub_config ||= "menu.lst"; }
287 if (defined $grub2_config) { $grub2_config ||= "grub.cfg"; }
289 ## Parse the novaboot script(s)
294 my ($modules, $variables, $generated, $continuation) = ([], {}, []);
295 my $skip_reading = defined($on_opt) || defined($off_opt);
296 while (!$skip_reading && ($_ = <>)) {
297 if ($ARGV ne $last_fn) { # New script
298 die "Missing EOF in $last_fn" if $file;
299 die "Unfinished line in $last_fn" if $continuation;
301 push @scripts, { 'filename' => $ARGV,
302 'modules' => $modules = [],
303 'variables' => $variables = {},
304 'generated' => $generated = []};
308 next if /^#/ || /^\s*$/; # Skip comments and empty lines
310 $_ =~ s/^[[:space:]]*// if ($continuation);
312 if (/\\$/) { # Line continuation
313 $continuation .= substr($_, 0, length($_)-1);
317 if ($continuation) { # Last continuation line
318 $_ = $continuation . $_;
322 foreach my $mod(@scriptmod) { eval $mod; }
324 if ($file && $_ eq $EOF) { # Heredoc end
328 if ($file) { # Heredoc content
329 push @{$file}, "$_\n";
332 if (/^([A-Z_]+)=(.*)$/) { # Internal variable
333 $$variables{$1} = $2;
334 push(@exiton, $2) if ($1 eq "EXITON");
337 if (s/^load *//) { # Load line
338 die("novaboot: '$last_fn' line $.: Missing file name\n") unless /^[^ <]+/;
339 if (/^([^ ]*)(.*?)[[:space:]]*<<([^ ]*)$/) { # Heredoc start
340 push @$modules, "$1$2";
342 push @$generated, {filename => $1, content => $file};
346 if (/^([^ ]*)(.*?)[[:space:]]*< ?(.*)$/) { # Command substitution
347 push @$modules, "$1$2";
348 push @$generated, {filename => $1, command => $3};
354 if (/^run (.*)/) { # run line
355 push @$generated, {command => $1};
358 if (/^uboot(?::([0-9]+)s)? (.*)/) { # uboot line
359 # TODO: If U-Boot supports some interactive menu, it might
360 # make sense to store uboot lines per novaboot script.
361 if ($1) { # Command with explicit timeout
362 push @uboot_init, { command => $2,
364 } else { # Command without explicit timeout
365 push @uboot_init, $2;
370 die("novaboot: Cannot parse script '$last_fn' line $.. Didn't you forget 'load' keyword?\n");
373 # print Dumper(\@scripts);
375 foreach my $script (@scripts) {
376 $modules = $$script{modules};
377 @$modules[0] =~ s/^[^ ]*/$kernel_opt/ if $kernel_opt;
378 @$modules[0] .= ' ' . join(' ', @append) if @append;
381 if (exists $variables->{KERNEL}) {
382 $kernel = $variables->{KERNEL};
384 if ($CFG::hypervisor) {
385 $kernel = $CFG::hypervisor . " ";
386 if (exists $variables->{HYPERVISOR_PARAMS}) {
387 $kernel .= $variables->{HYPERVISOR_PARAMS};
389 $kernel .= $CFG::hypervisor_params;
393 @$modules = ($kernel, @$modules) if $kernel;
394 @$modules = (@chainloaders, @$modules);
395 @$modules = ("bin/boot/bender", @$modules) if ($bender || defined $ENV{'NOVABOOT_BENDER'});
399 foreach my $script (@scripts) {
400 print join("\n", @{$$script{modules}})."\n";
407 sub generate_configs($$$) {
408 my ($base, $generated, $filename) = @_;
409 if ($base) { $base = "$base/"; };
410 foreach my $g(@$generated) {
411 if (exists $$g{content}) {
412 my $config = $$g{content};
413 my $fn = $$g{filename};
414 open(my $f, '>', $fn) || die("$fn: $!");
415 map { s|\brom://([^ ]*)|$rom_prefix$base$1|g; print $f "$_"; } @{$config};
417 print STDERR "novaboot: Created $fn\n";
418 } elsif (exists $$g{command} && ! $no_file_gen) {
419 $ENV{SRCDIR} = dirname(File::Spec->rel2abs( $filename, $invocation_dir ));
420 if (exists $$g{filename}) {
421 system_verbose("( $$g{command} ) > $$g{filename}");
423 system_verbose($$g{command});
429 sub generate_grub_config($$$$;$)
431 my ($filename, $title, $base, $modules_ref, $preamble) = @_;
432 if ($base) { $base = "$base/"; };
433 open(my $fg, '>', $filename) or die "$filename: $!";
434 print $fg "$preamble\n" if $preamble;
435 print $fg "title $title\n" if $title;
436 #print $fg "root $base\n"; # root doesn't really work for (nd)
438 foreach (@$modules_ref) {
441 my ($kbin, $kcmd) = split(' ', $_, 2);
442 $kcmd = '' if !defined $kcmd;
443 print $fg "kernel ${base}$kbin $kcmd\n";
445 s|\brom://([^ ]*)|$rom_prefix$base$1|g; # Translate rom:// files - needed for vdisk parameter of sigma0
446 print $fg "module $base$_\n";
450 print("novaboot: Created $builddir/$filename\n");
454 sub generate_syslinux_config($$$$)
456 my ($filename, $title, $base, $modules_ref) = @_;
457 if ($base && $base !~ /\/$/) { $base = "$base/"; };
458 open(my $fg, '>', $filename) or die "$filename: $!";
459 print $fg "LABEL $title\n";
460 #TODO print $fg "MENU LABEL $human_readable_title\n";
462 my ($kbin, $kcmd) = split(' ', @$modules_ref[0], 2);
464 if (system("file $kbin|grep 'Linux kernel'") == 0) {
465 my $initrd = @$modules_ref[1];
466 die('To many "load" lines for Linux kernel') if (scalar @$modules_ref > 2);
467 print $fg "LINUX $base$kbin\n";
468 print $fg "APPEND $kcmd\n";
469 print $fg "INITRD $base$initrd\n";
471 print $fg "KERNEL mboot.c32\n";
473 foreach (@$modules_ref) {
474 s|\brom://([^ ]*)|$rom_prefix$base$1|g; # Translate rom:// files - needed for vdisk parameter of sigma0
475 push @append, "$base$_";
476 print $fg "APPEND ".join(' --- ', @append)."\n";
479 #TODO print $fg "TEXT HELP\n";
480 #TODO print $fg "some help here\n";
481 #TODO print $fg "ENDTEXT\n";
483 print("novaboot: Created $builddir/$filename\n");
487 sub generate_grub2_config($$$$;$$)
489 my ($filename, $title, $base, $modules_ref, $preamble, $prolog) = @_;
490 if ($base && substr($base,-1,1) ne '/') { $base = "$base/"; };
491 open(my $fg, '>', $filename) or die "$filename: $!";
492 print $fg "$preamble\n" if $preamble;
493 $title ||= 'novaboot';
494 print $fg "menuentry $title {\n";
495 print $fg "$prolog\n" if $prolog;
497 foreach (@$modules_ref) {
500 my ($kbin, $kcmd) = split(' ', $_, 2);
501 $kcmd = '' if !defined $kcmd;
502 print $fg " multiboot ${base}$kbin $kcmd\n";
505 # GRUB2 doesn't pass filename in multiboot info so we have to duplicate it here
506 $_ = join(' ', ($args[0], @args));
507 s|\brom://|$rom_prefix|g; # We do not need to translate path for GRUB2
508 print $fg " module $base$_\n";
513 print("novaboot: Created $builddir/$filename\n");
517 sub generate_pulsar_config($$)
519 my ($filename, $modules_ref) = @_;
520 open(my $fg, '>', $filename) or die "$filename: $!";
521 print $fg "root $pulsar_root\n" if defined $pulsar_root;
524 foreach (@$modules_ref) {
527 ($kbin, $kcmd) = split(' ', $_, 2);
528 $kcmd = '' if !defined $kcmd;
531 s|\brom://|$rom_prefix|g;
532 print $fg "load $_\n";
535 # Put kernel as last - this is needed for booting Linux and has no influence on non-Linux OSes
536 print $fg "exec $kbin $kcmd\n";
538 print("novaboot: Created $builddir/$filename\n");
542 sub shell_cmd_string(@)
544 return join(' ', map((/^[-_=a-zA-Z0-9\/\.\+]+$/ ? "$_" : "'$_'"), @_));
549 print STDERR "novaboot: Running: ".shell_cmd_string(@_)."\n";
551 exit(1); # should not be reached
554 sub system_verbose($)
557 print STDERR "novaboot: Running: $cmd\n";
558 my $ret = system($cmd);
559 if ($ret & 0x007f) { die("Command terminated by a signal"); }
560 if ($ret & 0xff00) {die("Command exit with non-zero exit code"); }
561 if ($ret) { die("Command failure $ret"); }
566 $str =~ s/^\s+|\s+$//g;
572 if (exists $variables->{WVDESC}) {
573 print STDERR "Testing \"$variables->{WVDESC}\" in $last_fn:\n";
574 } elsif ($last_fn =~ /\.wv$/) {
575 print STDERR "Testing \"all\" in $last_fn:\n";
578 ## Connect to the target and check whether it is not occupied
580 # We have to do this before file generation phase, because file
581 # generation is intermixed with file deployment phase and we want to
582 # check whether the target is not used by somebody else before
583 # deploying files. Otherwise, we may rewrite other user's files on a
586 my $exp; # Expect object to communicate with the target over serial line
588 my ($target_reset, $target_power_on, $target_power_off);
589 my ($amt_user, $amt_password, $amt_host, $amt_port);
591 if (defined $iprelay) {
593 $iprelay =~ /([.0-9]+)(:([0-9]+))?/;
596 my $paddr = sockaddr_in($port, inet_aton($addr));
597 my $proto = getprotobyname('tcp');
598 socket($IPRELAY, PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, $proto) || die "socket: $!";
599 print STDERR "novaboot: Connecting to IP relay... ";
600 connect($IPRELAY, $paddr) || die "connect: $!";
601 print STDERR "done\n";
602 $exp = Expect->init(\*$IPRELAY);
606 print $exp "\xFF\xF6"; # AYT
607 my $connected = $exp->expect(20, # Timeout in seconds
608 '<iprelayd: connected>',
609 '-re', '<WEB51 HW[^>]*>');
614 my ($relay, $onoff) = @_;
615 die unless ($relay == 1 || $relay == 2);
617 my $cmd = ($relay == 1 ? 0x5 : 0x6) | ($onoff ? 0x20 : 0x10);
618 return "\xFF\xFA\x2C\x32".chr($cmd)."\xFF\xF0";
622 my ($relay, $onoff) = @_;
623 die unless ($relay == 1 || $relay == 2);
624 my $cmd = ($relay == 1 ? 0xdf : 0xbf) | ($onoff ? 0x00 : 0xff);
625 return "\xFF\xFA\x2C\x97".chr($cmd)."\xFF\xF0";
629 my ($relay, $onoff, $can_giveup) = @_;
630 my $confirmation = '';
632 print $exp relaycmd($relay, $onoff);
633 my $confirmed = $exp->expect(20, # Timeout in seconds
634 relayconf($relay, $onoff));
637 print("Relay confirmation timeout - ignoring\n");
639 die "Relay confirmation timeout";
645 $target_reset = sub {
646 relay(2, 1, 1); # Reset the machine
651 $target_power_off = sub {
652 relay(1, 1); # Press power button
653 usleep(6000000); # Long press to switch off
657 $target_power_on = sub {
658 relay(1, 1); # Press power button
659 usleep(100000); # Short press
665 system_verbose("stty -F $serial $stty");
666 open($CONN, "+<", $serial) || die "open $serial: $!";
667 $exp = Expect->init(\*$CONN);
669 elsif ($remote_cmd) {
670 print STDERR "novaboot: Running: $remote_cmd\n";
671 $exp = Expect->spawn($remote_cmd);
673 elsif (defined $amt) {
674 require LWP::UserAgent;
675 require LWP::Authen::Digest;
678 my ($host, $username, $password, $schema, $className, $pstate) = @_;
679 #AMT numbers for PowerStateChange (MNI => bluescreen on windows;-)
680 my %pstates = ("on" => 2,
687 <s:Envelope xmlns:s="http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope" xmlns:a="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2004/08/addressing" xmlns:w="http://schemas.dmtf.org/wbem/wsman/1/wsman.xsd">
688 <s:Header><a:To>http://$host:16992/wsman</a:To>
689 <w:ResourceURI s:mustUnderstand="true">$schema</w:ResourceURI>
690 <a:ReplyTo><a:Address s:mustUnderstand="true">http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2004/08/addressing/role/anonymous</a:Address></a:ReplyTo>
691 <a:Action s:mustUnderstand="true">$schema$className</a:Action>
692 <w:MaxEnvelopeSize s:mustUnderstand="true">153600</w:MaxEnvelopeSize>
693 <a:MessageID>uuid:709072C9-609C-4B43-B301-075004043C7C</a:MessageID>
694 <w:Locale xml:lang="en-US" s:mustUnderstand="false" />
695 <w:OperationTimeout>PT60.000S</w:OperationTimeout>
696 <w:SelectorSet><w:Selector Name="Name">Intel(r) AMT Power Management Service</w:Selector></w:SelectorSet>
698 <p:RequestPowerStateChange_INPUT xmlns:p="http://schemas.dmtf.org/wbem/wscim/1/cim-schema/2/CIM_PowerManagementService">
699 <p:PowerState>$pstates{$pstate}</p:PowerState>
700 <p:ManagedElement><a:Address>http://$host:16992/wsman</a:Address>
701 <a:ReferenceParameters><w:ResourceURI>http://schemas.dmtf.org/wbem/wscim/1/cim-schema/2/CIM_ComputerSystem</w:ResourceURI>
702 <w:SelectorSet><w:Selector Name="Name">ManagedSystem</w:Selector></w:SelectorSet>
703 </a:ReferenceParameters></p:ManagedElement>
704 </p:RequestPowerStateChange_INPUT>
705 </s:Body></s:Envelope>
710 my ($host, $username, $password, $content) = @_;
712 my $ua = LWP::UserAgent->new();
713 $ua->agent("novaboot");
715 my $req = HTTP::Request->new(POST => "http://$host:16992/wsman");
716 my $res = $ua->request($req);
717 die ("Unexpected AMT response: " . $res->status_line) unless $res->code == 401;
719 my ($realm) = $res->header("WWW-Authenticate") =~ /Digest realm="(.*?)"/;
720 $ua->credentials("$host:16992", $realm, $username => $password);
723 $req = HTTP::Request->new(POST => "http://$host:16992/wsman");
724 $req->content_type('application/x-www-form-urlencoded');
725 $req->content($content);
726 $res = $ua->request($req);
727 die ("AMT power change request failed: " . $res->status_line) unless $res->is_success;
728 $res->content() =~ /<g:ReturnValue>(\d+)<\/g:ReturnValue>/;
733 my ($host, $username, $password, $pstate)=@_;
734 my $schema="http://schemas.dmtf.org/wbem/wscim/1/cim-schema/2/CIM_PowerManagementService";
735 my $className="/RequestPowerStateChange";
736 my $content = genXML($host, $username, $password ,$schema, $className, $pstate);
737 return sendPOST($host, $username, $password, $content);
740 ($amt_user,$amt_password,$amt_host,$amt_port) = ($amt =~ /(?:(.*?)(?::(.*))?@)?([^:]*)(?::([0-9]*))?/);;
741 $amt_user ||= "admin";
742 $amt_password ||= $ENV{'AMT_PASSWORD'} || die "AMT password not specified";
743 $amt_host || die "AMT host not specified";
747 $target_power_off = sub {
749 my $result = powerChange($amt_host,$amt_user,$amt_password, "off");
750 die "AMT power off failed (ReturnValue $result)" if $result != 0;
753 $target_power_on = sub {
754 my $result = powerChange($amt_host,$amt_user,$amt_password, "on");
755 die "AMT power on failed (ReturnValue $result)" if $result != 0;
758 $target_reset = sub {
759 my $result = powerChange($amt_host,$amt_user,$amt_password, "reset");
761 print STDERR "Warning: Cannot reset $amt_host, trying power on. ";
762 $result = powerChange($amt_host,$amt_user,$amt_password, "on");
764 die "AMT reset failed (ReturnValue $result)" if $result != 0;
767 my $cmd = "amtterm -u $amt_user -p $amt_password $amt_host $amt_port";
768 print STDERR "novaboot: Running: $cmd\n" =~ s/\Q$amt_password\E/???/r;
769 $exp = Expect->spawn($cmd);
770 $exp->expect(10, "RUN_SOL") || die "Expect for 'RUN_SOL' timed out";
775 if ($remote_expect) {
776 $exp || die("No serial line connection");
777 my $log = $exp->log_stdout;
778 if (defined $remote_expect_silent) {
781 $exp->expect(180, $remote_expect) || die "Expect for '$remote_expect' timed out";
782 if (defined $remote_expect_silent) {
783 $exp->log_stdout($log);
784 print $exp->after() if $log;
788 if (defined $reset_cmd) {
789 $target_reset = sub {
790 system_verbose($reset_cmd);
794 if (defined $on_opt && defined $target_power_on) {
798 if (defined $off_opt && defined $target_power_off) {
799 print STDERR "novaboot: Switching the target off...\n";
800 &$target_power_off();
804 $builddir ||= dirname(File::Spec->rel2abs( ${$scripts[0]}{filename})) if scalar @scripts;
805 if (defined $builddir) {
806 chdir($builddir) or die "Can't change directory to $builddir: $!";
807 print STDERR "novaboot: Entering directory `$builddir'\n";
809 $builddir = $invocation_dir;
812 ## File generation phase
813 my (%files_iso, $menu_iso, $filename);
814 my $config_name = '';
817 foreach my $script (@scripts) {
818 $filename = $$script{filename};
819 $modules = $$script{modules};
820 $generated = $$script{generated};
821 $variables = $$script{variables};
823 ($config_name = $filename) =~ s#.*/##;
824 $config_name = $config_name_opt if (defined $config_name_opt);
826 if (exists $variables->{BUILDDIR}) {
827 $builddir = File::Spec->rel2abs($variables->{BUILDDIR});
828 chdir($builddir) or die "Can't change directory to $builddir: $!";
829 print STDERR "novaboot: Entering directory `$builddir'\n";
833 $prefix = $grub_prefix;
834 $prefix =~ s/\$NAME/$config_name/;
835 $prefix =~ s/\$BUILDDIR/$builddir/;
837 # TODO: use $grub_prefix as first parameter if some switch is given
838 generate_configs('', $generated, $filename);
840 ### Generate bootloader configuration files
841 my @bootloader_configs;
842 push @bootloader_configs, generate_grub_config($grub_config, $config_name, $prefix, $modules, $grub_preamble) if (defined $grub_config);
843 push @bootloader_configs, generate_grub2_config($grub2_config, $config_name, $prefix, $modules, $grub_preamble, $grub2_prolog) if (defined $grub2_config);
844 push @bootloader_configs, generate_pulsar_config('config-'.($pulsar||'novaboot'), $modules) if (defined $pulsar);
846 ### Run scons or make
848 my @files = map({ ($file) = m/([^ ]*)/; $file; } @$modules);
849 # Filter-out generated files
850 my @to_build = grep({ my $file = $_; !scalar(grep($file eq ($$_{filename} || ''), @$generated)) } @files);
852 system_verbose($scons || $CFG::scons." ".join(" ", @to_build)) if (defined $scons);
853 system_verbose($make || $CFG::make ." ".join(" ", @to_build)) if (defined $make);
856 ### Copy files (using rsync)
857 if (defined $server && !defined($gen_only)) {
858 (my $real_server = $server) =~ s/\$NAME/$config_name/;
860 my ($hostname, $path) = split(":", $real_server, 2);
861 if (! defined $path) {
865 my $files = join(" ", map({ ($file) = m/([^ ]*)/; $file; } ( @$modules, @bootloader_configs)));
866 map({ my $file = (split)[0]; die "$file: $!" if ! -f $file; } @$modules);
867 my $istty = -t STDOUT && ($ENV{'TERM'} || 'dumb') ne 'dumb';
868 my $progress = $istty ? "--progress" : "";
869 system_verbose("rsync $progress -RLp $rsync_flags $files $real_server");
870 if ($server =~ m|/\$NAME$| && $concat) {
871 my $cmd = join("; ", map { "( cd $path/.. && cat */$_ > $_ )" } @bootloader_configs);
872 system_verbose($hostname ? "ssh $hostname '$cmd'" : $cmd);
876 ### Prepare ISO image generation
877 if (defined $iso_image) {
878 generate_configs("(cd)", $generated, $filename);
880 generate_syslinux_config(\$menu, $config_name, "/", $modules);
881 $menu_iso .= "$menu\n";
882 map { ($file,undef) = split; $files_iso{$file} = 1; } @$modules;
886 ## Generate ISO image
887 if (defined $iso_image) {
888 system_verbose("mkdir -p isolinux");
891 if (-f '/usr/lib/ISOLINUX/isolinux.bin') {
892 # Newer ISOLINUX version
893 @files = qw(/usr/lib/ISOLINUX/isolinux.bin /usr/lib/syslinux/modules/bios/mboot.c32 /usr/lib/syslinux/modules/bios/libcom32.c32 /usr/lib/syslinux/modules/bios/menu.c32 /usr/lib/syslinux/modules/bios/ldlinux.c32);
895 # Older ISOLINUX version
896 @files = qw(/usr/lib/syslinux/isolinux.bin /usr/lib/syslinux/mboot.c32 /usr/lib/syslinux/menu.c32);
898 system_verbose("cp @files isolinux");
899 open(my $fh, ">isolinux/isolinux.cfg");
901 print $fh "TIMEOUT 50\n";
902 print $fh "DEFAULT menu\n";
904 print $fh "DEFAULT $config_name\n";
906 print $fh "$menu_iso";
909 my $files = join(" ", map("$_=$_", (keys(%files_iso), 'isolinux/isolinux.cfg', map(s|.*/|isolinux/|r, @files))));
910 $iso_image ||= "$config_name.iso";
912 # Note: We use -U flag below to "Allow 'untranslated' filenames,
913 # completely violating the ISO9660 standards". Without this
914 # option, isolinux is not able to read files names for example
916 system_verbose("$CFG::genisoimage -R -b isolinux/isolinux.bin -c isolinux/boot.cat -no-emul-boot -boot-load-size 4 -boot-info-table -hide-rr-moved -U -o $iso_image -graft-points $files");
917 print("ISO image created: $builddir/$iso_image\n");
920 exit(0) if defined $gen_only;
922 ## Boot the system using various methods and send serial output to stdout
924 if (scalar(@scripts) > 1 && ( defined $dhcp_tftp || defined $serial || defined $iprelay)) {
925 die "You cannot do this with multiple scripts simultaneously";
928 if ($variables->{WVTEST_TIMEOUT}) {
929 print STDERR "wvtest: timeout ", $variables->{WVTEST_TIMEOUT}, "\n";
936 $qemu ||= $variables->{QEMU} || $CFG::qemu;
937 my @qemu_flags = split(" ", $qemu);
938 $qemu = shift(@qemu_flags);
940 @qemu_flags = split(/ +/, trim($variables->{QEMU_FLAGS})) if exists $variables->{QEMU_FLAGS};
941 @qemu_flags = split(/ +/, trim($qemu_flags_cmd)) if $qemu_flags_cmd;
942 push(@qemu_flags, split(/ +/, trim($qemu_append || '')));
944 if (defined $iso_image) {
945 # Boot NOVA with grub (and test the iso image)
946 push(@qemu_flags, ('-cdrom', $iso_image));
948 # Boot NOVA without GRUB
950 # Non-patched qemu doesn't like commas, but NUL can live with pluses instead of commans
951 foreach (@$modules) {s/,/+/g;}
952 generate_configs("", $generated, $filename);
954 if (scalar @$modules) {
955 my ($kbin, $kcmd) = split(' ', shift(@$modules), 2);
956 $kcmd = '' if !defined $kcmd;
958 @$modules = map { if (/\.dtb$/) { $dtb=$_; (); } else { $_ } } @$modules;
959 my $initrd = join ",", @$modules;
961 push(@qemu_flags, ('-kernel', $kbin, '-append', $kcmd));
962 push(@qemu_flags, ('-initrd', $initrd)) if $initrd;
963 push(@qemu_flags, ('-dtb', $dtb)) if $dtb;
966 push(@qemu_flags, qw(-serial stdio)); # Redirect serial output (for collecting test restuls)
967 unshift(@qemu_flags, ('-name', $config_name));
968 print STDERR "novaboot: Running: ".shell_cmd_string($qemu, @qemu_flags)."\n";
969 $exp = Expect->spawn(($qemu, @qemu_flags)) || die("exec() failed: $!");
972 ### Local DHCPD and TFTPD
974 my ($dhcpd_pid, $tftpd_pid);
976 $tftp=1 if $tftp_port;
978 if (defined $dhcp_tftp)
980 generate_configs("(nd)", $generated, $filename);
981 system_verbose('mkdir -p tftpboot');
982 generate_grub_config("tftpboot/os-menu.lst", $config_name, "(nd)", \@$modules, "timeout 0");
983 open(my $fh, '>', 'dhcpd.conf');
984 my $mac = `cat /sys/class/net/eth0/address`;
986 print $fh "subnet 10.23.23.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
987 range 10.23.23.10 10.23.23.100;
988 filename \"bin/boot/grub/pxegrub.pxe\";
989 next-server 10.23.23.1;
992 hardware ethernet $mac;
993 fixed-address 10.23.23.1;
996 system_verbose("sudo ip a add 10.23.23.1/24 dev eth0;
997 sudo ip l set dev eth0 up;
998 sudo touch dhcpd.leases");
1000 # We run servers by forking ourselves, because the servers end up
1001 # in our process group and get killed by signals sent to the
1002 # process group (e.g. Ctrl-C on terminal).
1003 $dhcpd_pid = fork();
1004 exec_verbose("sudo dhcpd -d -cf dhcpd.conf -lf dhcpd.leases -pf dhcpd.pid") if ($dhcpd_pid == 0);
1007 if (defined $dhcp_tftp || defined $tftp) {
1009 # Unfortunately, tftpd requires root privileges even with
1010 # non-privileged (>1023) port due to initgroups().
1011 system_verbose("sudo in.tftpd --listen --secure -v -v -v --pidfile tftpd.pid --address :$tftp_port $builddir");
1013 # Kill server when we die
1014 $SIG{__DIE__} = sub { system_verbose('sudo pkill --pidfile=dhcpd.pid') if (defined $dhcp_tftp);
1015 system_verbose('sudo pkill --pidfile=tftpd.pid'); };
1017 # We have to kill tftpd explicitely, because it is not in our process group
1018 $SIG{INT} = sub { system_verbose('sudo pkill --pidfile=tftpd.pid'); exit(0); };
1022 if (defined $ider) {
1023 my $ider_cmd= "amtider -c $iso_image -u $amt_user -p $amt_password $amt_host $amt_port" ;
1024 print STDERR "novaboot: Running: $ider_cmd\n" =~ s/\Q$amt_password\E/???/r;
1025 my $ider_pid = fork();
1026 if ($ider_pid == 0) {
1028 die "IDE redirection failed";
1030 # FIXME: This collides with --tftp option. Hopefully, nobody needs
1031 # to use both simultaneously.
1032 $SIG{__DIE__} = sub { system_verbose('kill $ider_pid'); };
1035 ### Reset target (IP relay, AMT, ...)
1037 if (defined $target_reset && $reset) {
1038 print STDERR "novaboot: Reseting the test box... ";
1040 print STDERR "done\n";
1042 # We don't want to output anything printed by the target
1043 # before reset so we clear the buffers now. This is, however,
1044 # not ideal because we may loose some data that were sent
1045 # after the reset. If this is a problem, one should reset and
1046 # connect to serial line in atomic manner. For example, if
1047 # supported by hardware, use --remote-cmd 'sterm -d ...' and
1048 # do not use separate --reset-cmd.
1049 my $log = $exp->log_stdout;
1050 $exp->log_stdout(0);
1051 $exp->expect(0); # Read data from target
1052 $exp->clear_accum(); # Clear the read data
1053 $exp->log_stdout($log);
1057 ### U-boot conversation
1058 if (defined $uboot) {
1059 my $uboot_prompt = $uboot || '=> ';
1060 print STDERR "novaboot: Waiting for U-Boot prompt...\n";
1061 $exp || die("No serial line connection");
1062 $exp->log_stdout(1);
1063 #$exp->exp_internal(1);
1065 [qr/Hit any key to stop autoboot:/, sub { $exp->send("\n"); exp_continue; }],
1066 $uboot_prompt) || die "No U-Boot prompt deteceted";
1067 foreach my $cmdspec (@uboot_init) {
1068 my ($cmd, $timeout);
1069 if (ref($cmdspec) eq "HASH") {
1070 $cmd = $cmdspec->{command};
1071 $timeout = $cmdspec->{timeout};
1076 if ($cmd =~ /\$NB_MYIP/) {
1077 my $ip = (grep /inet /, `ip addr show eth0`)[0] || die "Problem determining our IP address";
1078 $ip =~ s/\s*inet ([0-9.]*).*/$1/;
1079 $cmd =~ s/\$NB_MYIP/$ip/g;
1081 if ($cmd =~ /\$NB_PREFIX/) {
1084 $cmd =~ s/\$NB_PREFIX/$p/g;
1087 $exp->send("$cmd\n");
1088 $exp->expect($timeout, $uboot_prompt) || die "U-Boot prompt timeout";
1091 # Boot the system if there are some load lines in the script
1092 if ((scalar(@$modules) > 0 && !$variables->{NO_BOOT}) ||
1093 defined $uboot_cmd) {
1094 my ($kbin, $kcmd) = split(' ', shift(@$modules), 2);
1096 @$modules = map { if (/\.dtb$/) { $dtb=$_; (); } else { $_ } } @$modules;
1097 my $initrd = shift @$modules;
1099 if (defined $kbin) {
1100 die "No '--uboot-addr kernel' given" unless $uboot_addr{kernel};
1101 $exp->send("tftpboot $uboot_addr{kernel} $prefix$kbin\n");
1103 [qr/##/, sub { exp_continue; }],
1104 $uboot_prompt) || die "Kernel load timeout";
1107 die "No '--uboot-addr fdt' given" unless $uboot_addr{fdt};
1108 $exp->send("tftpboot $uboot_addr{fdt} $prefix$dtb\n");
1110 [qr/##/, sub { exp_continue; }],
1111 $uboot_prompt) || die "Device tree load timeout";
1113 if (defined $initrd) {
1114 die "No '--uboot-addr ramdisk' given" unless $uboot_addr{ramdisk};
1115 $exp->send("tftpboot $uboot_addr{ramdisk} $prefix$initrd\n");
1117 [qr/##/, sub { exp_continue; }],
1118 $uboot_prompt) || die "Initrd load timeout";
1120 $uboot_addr{ramdisk} = '-';
1124 $exp->send("setenv bootargs $kcmd\n");
1125 $exp->expect(5, $uboot_prompt) || die "U-Boot prompt timeout";
1127 $uboot_cmd //= $variables->{UBOOT_CMD} // 'bootm $kernel_addr $ramdisk_addr $fdt_addr';
1128 $uboot_cmd =~ s/\$kernel_addr/$uboot_addr{kernel}/g;
1129 $uboot_cmd =~ s/\$ramdisk_addr/$uboot_addr{ramdisk}/g;
1130 $uboot_cmd =~ s/\$fdt_addr/$uboot_addr{fdt}/g;
1132 $exp->send($uboot_cmd . "\n");
1133 $exp->expect(5, "\n") || die "U-Boot command timeout";
1137 ### Serial line interaction
1138 if ($interaction && defined $exp) {
1139 # Serial line of the target is available
1140 my $interrupt = 'Ctrl-C';
1141 if ($interactive && !@exiton) {
1142 $interrupt = '"~~."';
1144 print STDERR "novaboot: Serial line interaction (press $interrupt to interrupt)...\n";
1145 $exp->log_stdout(1);
1147 $exp->expect($exiton_timeout, @expect_raw, @exiton) || die("exiton timeout");
1149 my @inputs = ($exp);
1150 my $infile = new IO::File;
1151 $infile->IO::File::fdopen(*STDIN,'r');
1152 my $in_object = Expect->exp_init($infile);
1153 $in_object->set_group($exp);
1156 $in_object->set_seq('~~\.', sub { print STDERR "novaboot: Escape sequence detected\r\n"; undef; });
1157 $in_object->manual_stty(0); # Use raw terminal mode
1159 $in_object->manual_stty(1); # Do not modify terminal settings
1161 push(@inputs, $in_object);
1163 #print Dumper(\@expect_raw);
1164 $exp->expect(undef, @expect_raw) if @expect_raw;
1165 Expect::interconnect(@inputs) unless defined($exp->exitstatus);
1169 ## Kill dhcpc or tftpd
1170 if (defined $dhcp_tftp || defined $tftp) {
1171 die("novaboot: This should kill servers on background\n");
1174 # Always finish novaboot output with newline
1181 novaboot - Boots a locally compiled operating system on a remote
1188 B<novaboot> [option]... [--] script...
1190 B<./script> [option]...
1194 This program makes booting of a locally compiled operating system (OS)
1195 (e.g. NOVA or Linux) on remote targets as simple as running a program
1196 locally. It automates things like copying OS images to a TFTP server,
1197 generation of bootloader configuration files, resetting of target
1198 hardware or redirection of target's serial line to stdin/out. Novaboot
1199 is highly configurable and it makes it easy to boot a single image on
1200 different targets or different images on a single target.
1202 Novaboot operation is controlled by command line options and by a so
1203 called novaboot script, which can be thought as a generalization of
1204 bootloader configuration files (see L</"NOVABOOT SCRIPT SYNTAX">).
1205 Typical way of using novaboot is to make the novaboot script
1206 executable and set its first line to I<#!/usr/bin/env novaboot>. Then,
1207 booting a particular OS configuration becomes the same as executing a
1208 local program - the novaboot script.
1210 Novaboot uses configuration files to, among other things, define
1211 command line options needed for different targets. Users typically use
1212 only the B<-t>/B<--target> command line option to select the target.
1213 Internally, this option expands to the pre-configured options.
1214 Configuration files are searched at multiple places, which allows to
1215 have per-system, per-user or per-project configurations. Configuration
1216 file syntax is described in section L</"CONFIGURATION FILE">.
1218 Simple examples of using C<novaboot>:
1224 Run an OS in Qemu. This is can be specified with the B<--qemu> option.
1225 Thus running C<novaboot --qemu myos> (or C<./myos --qemu> as described
1226 above) will run Qemu and make it boot the configuration specified in
1231 Create a bootloader configuration file (currently supported
1232 bootloaders are GRUB, GRUB2, ISOLINUX, Pulsar and U-Boot) and copy it
1233 with all other files needed for booting to a remote boot server. Then
1234 use a TCP/IP-controlled relay/serial-to-TCP converter to reset the
1235 target and receive its serial output.
1237 ./myos --grub2 --server=192.168.1.1:/tftp --iprelay=192.168.1.2
1241 Run DHCP and TFTP server on developer's machine to boot the target
1246 This is useful when no network infrastructure is in place and
1247 the target is connected directly to developer's box.
1251 Create bootable ISO image.
1253 novaboot --iso -- script1 script2
1255 The created ISO image will have ISOLINUX bootloader installed on it
1256 and the boot menu will allow selecting between I<script1> and
1257 I<script2> configurations.
1261 =head1 PHASES AND OPTIONS
1263 Novaboot performs its work in several phases. Each phase can be
1264 influenced by several command line options, certain phases can be
1265 skipped. The list of phases (in the execution order) is as follows.
1269 =item 1. L<Configuration reading|/Configuration reading phase>
1271 =item 2. L<Command line processing|/Command line processing phase>
1273 =item 3. L<Script preprocessing|/Script preprocessing phase>
1275 =item 4. L<File generation|/File generation phase>
1277 =item 5. L<Target connection|/Target connection check>
1279 =item 6. L<File deployment|/File deployment phase>
1281 =item 7. L<Target power-on and reset|/Target power-on and reset phase>
1283 =item 8. L<Interaction with the bootloader|/Interaction with the bootloader on the target>
1285 =item 9. L<Target interaction|/Target interaction phase>
1289 Each phase is described in the following sections together with the
1290 command line options that control it.
1292 =head2 Configuration reading phase
1294 After starting, novaboot reads configuration files. Their content is
1295 described in section L</"CONFIGURATION FILE">. By default,
1296 configuration is read from multiple locations. First from the system
1297 configuration directory (F</etc/novaboot.d/>), second from the user
1298 configuration file (F<~/.config/novaboot>) and third from F<.novaboot>
1299 files along the path to the current directory. Alternatively, a single
1300 configuration file specified with the B<-c> switch or with the
1301 C<NOVABOOT_CONFIG> environment variable is read. The latter read files
1302 override settings from the former ones.
1304 The system configuration directory is determined by the content of
1305 NOVABOOT_CONFIG_DIR environment variable and defaults to
1306 F</etc/novaboot.d>. Files in this directory with names consisting
1307 solely of English letters, numbers, dashes '-' and underscores '_'
1308 (note that dot '.' is not included) are read in alphabetical order.
1310 Then, the user configuration file is read from
1311 F<$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/novaboot>. If C<$XDG_CONFIG_HOME> environemnt
1312 variable is not set F<~/.config/novaboot> is read instead.
1314 Finally, novaboot searches for files named F<.novaboot> starting from the
1315 directory of the novaboot script (or working directory, see bellow)
1316 and continuing upwards up to the root directory. The found
1317 configuration files are then read in the opposite order (i.e. from the
1318 root directory downwards). This allows to have, for example, a project
1319 specific configuration in F<~/project/.novaboot>.
1321 Note the difference between F<~/.config/novaboot> and F<~/.novaboot>.
1322 The former one is read always, whereas the latter only when novaboot
1323 script or working directory is under the C<$HOME> directory.
1325 In certain cases, the location of the novaboot script cannot be
1326 determined in this early phase. This happens either when the script is
1327 read from the standard input or when novaboot is invoked explicitly as
1328 in the example L</"4."> above. In this case the current working
1329 directory is used as a starting point for configuration file search
1330 instead of the novaboot script directory.
1334 =item -c, --config=I<filename>
1336 Use the specified configuration file instead of the default one(s).
1340 =head2 Command line processing phase
1346 Dump the current configuration to stdout end exit. Useful as an
1347 initial template for a configuration file.
1351 Print short (B<-h>) or long (B<--help>) help.
1353 =item -t, --target=I<target>
1355 This option serves as a user configurable shortcut for other novaboot
1356 options. The effect of this option is the same as specifying the
1357 options stored in the C<%targets> configuration variable under key
1358 I<target>. See also L</"CONFIGURATION FILE">.
1360 When this option is not given, novaboot tries to determine the target
1361 to use from either B<NOVABOOT_TARGET> environment variable or from
1362 B<$default_target> configuration file variable.
1366 =head2 Script preprocessing phase
1368 This phases allows to modify the parsed novaboot script before it is
1369 used in the later phases.
1373 =item -a, --append=I<parameters>
1375 Append a string to the first C<load> line in the novaboot script. This
1376 can be used to append parameters to the kernel's or root task's
1377 command line. This option can appear multiple times.
1381 Use F<bender> chainloader. Bender scans the PCI bus for PCI serial
1382 ports and stores the information about them in the BIOS data area for
1385 =item --chainloader=I<chainloader>
1387 Specifies a chainloader that is loaded before the kernel and other
1388 files specified in the novaboot script. E.g. 'bin/boot/bender
1393 Print the modules to boot and their parameters after this phase
1394 finishes. Then exit. This is useful for seeing the effect of other
1395 options in this section.
1397 =item -k, --kernel=F<file>
1399 Replace the first word on the first C<load> line in the novaboot
1400 script with F<file>.
1402 =item --scriptmod=I<perl expression>
1404 When novaboot script is read, I<perl expression> is executed for every
1405 line (in $_ variable). For example, C<novaboot
1406 --scriptmod=s/sigma0/omega6/g> replaces every occurrence of I<sigma0>
1407 in the script with I<omega6>.
1409 When this option is present, it overrides I<$script_modifier> variable
1410 from the configuration file, which has the same effect. If this option
1411 is given multiple times all expressions are evaluated in the command
1416 =head2 File generation phase
1418 In this phase, files needed for booting are generated in a so called
1419 I<build directory> (see L</--build-dir>). In most cases configuration
1420 for a bootloader is generated automatically by novaboot. It is also
1421 possible to generate other files using I<heredoc> or I<"<"> syntax in
1422 novaboot scripts. Finally, binaries can be generated in this phases by
1423 running C<scons> or C<make>.
1427 =item --build-dir=I<directory>
1429 Overrides the default build directory location.
1431 The default build directory location is determined as follows: If the
1432 configuration file defines the C<$builddir> variable, its value is
1433 used. Otherwise, it is the directory that contains the first processed
1436 See also L</BUILDDIR> variable.
1438 =item -g, --grub[=I<filename>]
1440 Generates grub bootloader menu file. If the I<filename> is not
1441 specified, F<menu.lst> is used. The I<filename> is relative to the
1442 build directory (see B<--build-dir>).
1444 =item --grub-preamble=I<prefix>
1446 Specifies the I<preable> that is at the beginning of the generated
1447 GRUB or GRUB2 config files. This is useful for specifying GRUB's
1450 =item --prefix=I<prefix>
1452 Specifies I<prefix> (e.g. F</srv/tftp>) that is put in front of every
1453 file name in generated bootloader configuration files (or in U-Boot
1456 If the I<prefix> contains string $NAME, it will be replaced with the
1457 name of the novaboot script (see also B<--name>).
1459 If the I<prefix> contains string $BUILDDIR, it will be replaced with
1460 the build directory (see also B<--build-dir>).
1464 Alias for B<--prefix>.
1466 =item --grub2[=I<filename>]
1468 Generate GRUB2 menu entry in I<filename>. If I<filename> is not
1469 specified F<grub.cfg> is used. The content of the menu entry can be
1470 customized with B<--grub-preamble>, B<--grub2-prolog> or
1471 B<--grub_prefix> options.
1473 In order to use the the generated menu entry on your development
1474 machine that uses GRUB2, append the following snippet to
1475 F</etc/grub.d/40_custom> file and regenerate your grub configuration,
1476 i.e. run update-grub on Debian/Ubuntu.
1478 if [ -f /path/to/nul/build/grub.cfg ]; then
1479 source /path/to/nul/build/grub.cfg
1482 =item --grub2-prolog=I<prolog>
1484 Specifies text that is put at the beginning of the GRUB2 menu entry.
1486 =item -m, --make[=make command]
1488 Runs C<make> to build files that are not generated by novaboot itself.
1490 =item --name=I<string>
1492 Use the name I<string> instead of the name of the novaboot script.
1493 This name is used for things like a title of grub menu or for the
1494 server directory where the boot files are copied to.
1498 Do not run external commands to generate files (i.e. "<" syntax and
1499 C<run> keyword). This switch does not influence generation of files
1500 specified with "<<WORD" syntax.
1502 =item -p, --pulsar[=mac]
1504 Generates pulsar bootloader configuration file named F<config-I<mac>>
1505 The I<mac> string is typically a MAC address and defaults to
1508 =item --scons[=scons command]
1510 Runs C<scons> to build files that are not generated by novaboot
1515 Strip I<rom://> prefix from command lines and generated config files.
1516 The I<rom://> prefix is used by NUL. For NRE, it has to be stripped.
1520 Exit novaboot after file generation phase.
1524 =head2 Target connection check
1526 If supported by the target, the connection to it is made and it is
1527 checked whether the target is not occupied by another novaboot
1532 =item --amt=I<"[user[:password]@]host[:port]>
1534 Use Intel AMT technology to control the target machine. WS management
1535 is used to powercycle it and Serial-Over-Lan (SOL) for input/output.
1536 The hostname or (IP address) is given by the I<host> parameter. If
1537 I<password> is not specified, environment variable AMT_PASSWORD is
1538 used. The I<port> specifies a TCP port for SOL. If not specified, the
1539 default is 16992. Default I<user> is admin.
1541 =item --iprelay=I<addr[:port]>
1543 Use TCP/IP relay and serial port to access the target's serial port
1544 and powercycle it. The IP address of the relay is given by I<addr>
1545 parameter. If I<port> is not specified, it default to 23.
1547 Note: This option is supposed to work with HWG-ER02a IP relays.
1549 =item -s, --serial[=device]
1551 Target's serial line is connected to host's serial line (device). The
1552 default value for device is F</dev/ttyUSB0>.
1554 The value of this option is exported in NB_NOVABOOT environment
1555 variable to all subprocesses run by C<novaboot>.
1557 =item --stty=I<settings>
1559 Specifies settings passed to C<stty> invoked on the serial line
1560 specified with B<--serial> option. If this option is not given,
1561 C<stty> is called with C<raw -crtscts -onlcr 115200> settings.
1563 =item --remote-cmd=I<cmd>
1565 Command that mediates connection to the target's serial line. For
1566 example C<ssh server 'cu -l /dev/ttyS0'>.
1568 =item --remote-expect=I<string>
1570 Wait for reception of I<string> after establishing the remote
1573 =item --remote-expect-silent=I<string>
1575 The same as B<--remote-expect> except that the remote output is not
1576 echoed to stdout while waiting for the I<string>. Everything after the
1577 matched string is printed to stdout, so you may want to include line
1578 end characters in the I<string> as well.
1582 =head2 File deployment phase
1584 In some setups, it is necessary to copy the files needed for booting
1585 to a particular location, e.g. to a TFTP boot server or to the
1590 =item -d, --dhcp-tftp
1592 Turns your workstation into a DHCP and TFTP server so that the OS can
1593 be booted via PXE BIOS (or similar mechanism) on the test machine
1594 directly connected by a plain Ethernet cable to your workstation.
1596 The DHCP and TFTP servers requires root privileges and C<novaboot>
1597 uses C<sudo> command to obtain those. You can put the following to
1598 I</etc/sudoers> to allow running the necessary commands without asking
1601 Cmnd_Alias NOVABOOT = /bin/ip a add 10.23.23.1/24 dev eth0, /bin/ip l set dev eth0 up, /usr/sbin/dhcpd -d -cf dhcpd.conf -lf dhcpd.leases -pf dhcpd.pid, /usr/sbin/in.tftpd --listen --secure -v -v -v --pidfile tftpd.pid *, /usr/bin/touch dhcpd.leases, /usr/bin/pkill --pidfile=dhcpd.pid, /usr/bin/pkill --pidfile=tftpd.pid
1602 your_login ALL=NOPASSWD: NOVABOOT
1606 Starts a TFTP server on your workstation. This is similar to
1607 B<--dhcp-tftp> except that DHCP server is not started.
1609 The TFTP server require root privileges and C<novaboot> uses C<sudo>
1610 command to obtain those. You can put the following to I</etc/sudoers>
1611 to allow running the necessary commands without asking for password.
1613 Cmnd_Alias NOVABOOT = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd --listen --secure -v -v -v --pidfile tftpd.pid *, /usr/bin/pkill --pidfile=tftpd.pid
1614 your_login ALL=NOPASSWD: NOVABOOT
1616 =item --tftp-port=I<port>
1618 Port to run the TFTP server on. Implies B<--tftp>.
1620 =item --iso[=filename]
1622 Generates the ISO image that boots NOVA system via GRUB. If no filename
1623 is given, the image is stored under I<NAME>.iso, where I<NAME> is the name
1624 of the novaboot script (see also B<--name>).
1626 =item --server[=[[user@]server:]path]
1628 Copy all files needed for booting to another location. The files will
1629 be copied (by B<rsync> tool) to the directory I<path>. If the I<path>
1630 contains string $NAME, it will be replaced with the name of the
1631 novaboot script (see also B<--name>).
1633 =item --rsync-flags=I<flags>
1635 Specifies which I<flags> are appended to F<rsync> command line when
1636 copying files as a result of I<--server> option.
1640 If B<--server> is used and its value ends with $NAME, then after
1641 copying the files, a new bootloader configuration file (e.g. menu.lst)
1642 is created at I<path-wo-name>, i.e. the path specified by B<--server>
1643 with $NAME part removed. The content of the file is created by
1644 concatenating all files of the same name from all subdirectories of
1645 I<path-wo-name> found on the "server".
1649 Use Intel AMT technology for IDE redirection. This allows the target
1650 machine to boot from novaboot created ISO image. Implies B<--iso>.
1652 The experimental C<amtider> utility needed by this option can be
1653 obtained from https://github.com/wentasah/amtterm.
1657 =head2 Target power-on and reset phase
1659 At this point, the target is reset (or switched on/off). There is
1660 several ways how this can be accomplished. Resetting a physical target
1661 can currently be accomplished by the following options: B<--amt>,
1662 B<--iprelay>, B<--reset-cmd>.
1668 Switch on/off the target machine and exit. The script (if any) is
1669 completely ignored. Currently it works only with B<--iprelay> or
1672 =item -Q, --qemu[=I<qemu-binary>]
1674 Boot the configuration in qemu. Optionally, the name of qemu binary
1675 can be specified as a parameter.
1677 =item --qemu-append=I<flags>
1679 Append I<flags> to the default qemu flags (QEMU_FLAGS variable or
1680 C<-cpu coreduo -smp 2>).
1682 =item -q, --qemu-flags=I<flags>
1684 Replace the default qemu flags (QEMU_FLAGS variable or C<-cpu coreduo
1685 -smp 2>) with I<flags> specified here.
1687 =item --reset-cmd=I<cmd>
1689 Command that resets the target.
1691 =item --no-reset, --reset
1693 Disable/enable resetting of the target.
1697 =head2 Interaction with the bootloader on the target
1701 =item --uboot[=I<prompt>]
1703 Interact with U-Boot bootloader to boot the thing described in the
1704 novaboot script. I<prompt> specifies the U-Boot's prompt (default is
1705 "=> ", other common prompts are "U-Boot> " or "U-Boot# ").
1706 Implementation of this option is currently tied to a particular board
1707 that we use. It may be subject to changes in the future!
1711 Disable U-Boot interaction previously enabled with B<--uboot>.
1715 Command(s) to send the U-Boot bootloader before loading the images and
1716 booting them. This option can be given multiple times. After sending
1717 commands from each option novaboot waits for U-Boot I<prompt>.
1719 If the command contains string I<$NB_MYIP> then this string is
1720 replaced by IPv4 address of eth0 interface. Similarly I<$NB_PREFIX> is
1721 replaced with prefix given by B<--prefix>.
1723 See also C<uboot> keyword in L</"NOVABOOT SCRIPT SYNTAX">).
1725 =item --uboot-addr I<name>=I<address>
1727 Load address of U-Boot's C<tftpboot> command for loading I<name>,
1728 where name is one of I<kernel>, I<ramdisk> or I<fdt> (flattened device
1731 The default addresses are ${I<name>_addr_r}, i.e. U-Boot environment
1732 variables used by convention for this purpose.
1734 =item --uboot-cmd=I<command>
1736 Specifies U-Boot command used to execute the OS. If the command
1737 contains strings C<$kernel_addr>, C<$ramdisk_addr>, C<$fdt_addr>,
1738 these are replaced with the addresses configured with B<--uboot-addr>.
1740 The default value is
1742 bootm $kernel_addr $ramdisk_addr $fdt_addr
1744 or the C<UBOOT_CMD> variable if defined in the novaboot script.
1748 =head2 Target interaction phase
1750 In this phase, target's serial output is redirected to stdout and if
1751 stdin is a TTY, it is redirected to the target's serial input allowing
1752 interactive work with the target.
1756 =item --exiton=I<string>
1758 When I<string> is sent by the target, novaboot exits. This option can
1759 be specified multiple times, in which case novaboot exits whenever
1760 either of the specified strings is sent.
1762 If I<string> is C<-re>, then the next B<--exiton>'s I<string> is
1763 treated as regular expression. For example:
1765 --exiton -re --exiton 'error:.*failed'
1767 =item --exiton-re=I<regex>
1769 The same as --exiton -re --exiton I<regex>.
1771 =item --exiton-timeout=I<seconds>
1773 By default B<--exiton> waits for the string match forever. When this
1774 option is specified, "exiton" timeouts after the specifies number of
1775 seconds and novaboot returns non-zero exit code.
1777 =item -i, --interactive
1779 Setup things for interactive use of target. Your terminal will be
1780 switched to raw mode. In raw mode, your system does not process input
1781 in any way (no echoing of entered characters, no interpretation
1782 special characters). This, among others, means that Ctrl-C is passed
1783 to the target and does no longer interrupt novaboot. Use "~~."
1784 sequence to exit novaboot.
1786 =item --no-interaction, --interaction
1788 Skip resp. force target interaction phase. When skipped, novaboot exits
1789 immediately when boot is initiated.
1791 =item --expect=I<string>
1793 When I<string> is received from the target, send the string specified
1794 with the subsequent B<--send*> option to the target.
1796 =item --expect-re=I<regex>
1798 When target's output matches regular expression I<regex>, send the
1799 string specified with the subsequent B<--send*> option to the target.
1801 =item --expect-raw=I<perl-code>
1803 Provides direct control over Perl's Expect module.
1805 =item --send=I<string>
1807 Send I<string> to the target after the previously specified
1808 B<--expect*> was matched in the target's output. The I<string> may
1809 contain escape sequences such as "\n".
1811 Note that I<string> is actually interpreted by Perl, so it can contain
1812 much more that escape sequences. This behavior may change in the
1815 Example: C<--expect='login: ' --send='root\n'>
1817 =item --sendcont=I<string>
1819 Similar to B<--send> but continue expecting more input.
1821 Example: C<--expect='Continue?' --sendcont='yes\n'>
1825 =head1 NOVABOOT SCRIPT SYNTAX
1827 The syntax tries to mimic POSIX shell syntax. The syntax is defined
1828 with the following rules.
1830 Lines starting with "#" and empty lines are ignored.
1832 Lines that end with "\" are concatenated with the following line after
1833 removal of the final "\" and leading whitespace of the following line.
1835 Lines of the form I<VARIABLE=...> (i.e. matching '^[A-Z_]+=' regular
1836 expression) assign values to internal variables. See L</VARIABLES>
1839 Lines starting with C<load> keyword represent modules to boot. The
1840 word after C<load> is a file name (relative to the build directory
1841 (see B<--build-dir>) of the module to load and the remaining words are
1842 passed to it as the command line parameters.
1844 When the C<load> line ends with "<<WORD" then the subsequent lines
1845 until the line containing solely WORD are copied literally to the file
1846 named on that line. This is similar to shell's heredoc feature.
1848 When the C<load> line ends with "< CMD" then command CMD is executed
1849 with F</bin/sh> and its standard output is stored in the file named on
1850 that line. The SRCDIR variable in CMD's environment is set to the
1851 absolute path of the directory containing the interpreted novaboot
1854 Lines starting with C<run> keyword contain shell commands that are run
1855 during file generation phase. This is the same as the "< CMD" syntax
1856 for C<load> keyboard except that the command's output is not
1857 redirected to a file. The ordering of commands is the same as they
1858 appear in the novaboot script.
1860 Lines starting with C<uboot> represent U-Boot commands that are sent
1861 to the target if B<--uboot> option is given. Having a U-Boot line in
1862 the novaboot script is the same as passing an equivalent
1863 B<--uboot-init> option to novaboot. The C<uboot> keyword can be
1864 suffixed with timeout specification. The syntax is C<uboot:Ns>, where
1865 C<N> is the whole number of seconds. If the U-Boot command prompt does
1866 not appear before the timeout, novaboot fails. The default timeout is
1871 #!/usr/bin/env novaboot
1872 load bzImage console=ttyS0,115200
1873 run make -C buildroot
1874 load rootfs.cpio < gen_cpio buildroot/images/rootfs.cpio "myapp->/etc/init.d/S99myapp"
1876 Example (NOVA User Land - NUL):
1878 #!/usr/bin/env novaboot
1879 WVDESC=Example program
1880 load bin/apps/sigma0.nul S0_DEFAULT script_start:1,1 \
1881 verbose hostkeyb:0,0x60,1,12,2
1882 load bin/apps/hello.nul
1883 load hello.nulconfig <<EOF
1884 sigma0::mem:16 name::/s0/log name::/s0/timer name::/s0/fs/rom ||
1885 rom://bin/apps/hello.nul
1888 This example will load three modules: F<sigma0.nul>, F<hello.nul> and
1889 F<hello.nulconfig>. sigma0 receives some command line parameters and
1890 F<hello.nulconfig> file is generated on the fly from the lines between
1891 C<<<EOF> and C<EOF>.
1895 The following variables are interpreted in the novaboot script:
1901 Novaboot chdir()s to this directory before file generation phase. The
1902 directory name specified here is relative to the build directory
1903 specified by other means (see L</--build-dir>).
1907 Assigning this variable has the same effect as specifying L</--exiton>
1910 =item HYPERVISOR_PARAMS
1912 Parameters passed to hypervisor. The default value is "serial", unless
1913 overridden in configuration file.
1917 The kernel to use instead of the hypervisor specified in the
1918 configuration file with the C<$hypervisor> variable. The value should
1919 contain the name of the kernel image as well as its command line
1920 parameters. If this variable is defined and non-empty, the variable
1921 HYPERVISOR_PARAMS is not used.
1925 If this variable is 1, the system is not booted. This is currently
1926 only implemented for U-Boot bootloader where it is useful for
1927 interacting with the bootloader without booting the system - e.g. for
1932 Use a specific qemu binary (can be overridden with B<-Q>) and flags
1933 when booting this script under qemu. If QEMU_FLAGS variable is also
1934 specified flags specified in QEMU variable are replaced by those in
1939 Use specific qemu flags (can be overridden with B<-q>).
1943 See L</--uboot-cmd>.
1947 Description of the WvTest-compliant program.
1949 =item WVTEST_TIMEOUT
1951 The timeout in seconds for WvTest harness. If no complete line appears
1952 in the test output within the time specified here, the test fails. It
1953 is necessary to specify this for long running tests that produce no
1954 intermediate output.
1958 =head1 CONFIGURATION FILE
1960 Novaboot can read its configuration from one or more files. By
1961 default, novaboot looks for files in F</etc/novaboot.d>, file
1962 F<~/.config/novaboot> and files named F<.novaboot> as described in
1963 L</Configuration reading phase>. Alternatively, configuration file
1964 location can be specified with the B<-c> switch or with the
1965 NOVABOOT_CONFIG environment variable. The configuration file has Perl
1966 syntax (i.e. it is better to put C<1;> as the last line) and should set
1967 values of certain Perl variables. The current configuration can be
1968 dumped with the B<--dump-config> switch. Some configuration variables
1969 can be overridden by environment variables (see below) or by command
1972 Supported configuration variables include:
1978 Build directory location relative to the location of the configuration
1981 =item $default_target
1983 Default target (see below) to use when no target is explicitly
1984 specified with the B<--target> command line option or
1985 B<NOVABOOT_TARGET> environment variable.
1989 Hash of target definitions to be used with the B<--target> option. The
1990 key is the identifier of the target, the value is the string with
1991 command line options. For instance, if the configuration file contains:
1993 $targets{'mybox'} = '--server=boot:/tftproot --serial=/dev/ttyUSB0 --grub',
1995 then the following two commands are equivalent:
1997 ./myos --server=boot:/tftproot --serial=/dev/ttyUSB0 --grub
2002 =head1 ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
2004 Some options can be specified not only via config file or command line
2005 but also through environment variables. Environment variables override
2006 the values from configuration file and command line parameters
2007 override the environment variables.
2011 =item NOVABOOT_CONFIG
2013 Name of the novaboot configuration file to use instead of the default
2016 =item NOVABOOT_CONFIG_DIR
2018 Name of the novaboot configuration directory. When not specified
2019 F</etc/novaboot.d> is used.
2021 =item NOVABOOT_TARGET
2023 Name of the novaboot target to use. This overrides the value of
2024 B<$default_target> from the configuration file and can be overriden
2025 with the B<--target> command line option.
2027 =item NOVABOOT_BENDER
2029 Defining this variable has the same meaning as B<--bender> option.
2035 Michal Sojka <sojka@os.inf.tu-dresden.de>
2039 # LocalWords: novaboot Novaboot NOVABOOT TFTP PXE DHCP filename stty
2040 # LocalWords: chainloader stdout Qemu qemu preprocessing ISOLINUX bootable
2041 # LocalWords: config subprocesses sudo sudoers tftp dhcp IDE stdin
2042 # LocalWords: subdirectories TTY whitespace heredoc POSIX WvTest