3 # This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
4 # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
5 # the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or
6 # (at your option) any later version.
8 # This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
9 # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
10 # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
11 # GNU General Public License for more details.
13 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
14 # along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
18 use warnings (exists $ENV{NOVABOOT_TEST} ? (FATAL => 'all') : ());
19 use Getopt::Long qw(GetOptionsFromString);
24 use Time::HiRes("usleep");
28 use POSIX qw(:errno_h);
29 use Cwd qw(getcwd abs_path);
35 my $invocation_dir = getcwd();
37 ## Configuration file handling
39 # Default configuration
40 $CFG::hypervisor = "";
41 $CFG::hypervisor_params = "serial";
42 $CFG::genisoimage = "genisoimage";
43 $CFG::qemu = 'qemu -cpu coreduo -smp 2';
45 "tud" => '--server=erwin.inf.tu-dresden.de:~sojka/boot/novaboot --rsync-flags="--chmod=Dg+s,ug+w,o-w,+rX --rsync-path=\"umask 002 && rsync\"" --grub --grub-prefix=(nd)/tftpboot/sojka/novaboot --grub-preamble="timeout 0" --concat --iprelay=141.76.48.80:2324 --scriptmod=s/\\\\bhostserial\\\\b/hostserialpci/g',
46 "novabox" => '--server=rtime.felk.cvut.cz:/srv/tftp/novaboot --rsync-flags="--chmod=Dg+s,ug+w,o-w,+rX --rsync-path=\"umask 002 && rsync\"" --pulsar --iprelay=147.32.86.92:2324',
47 "localhost" => '--scriptmod=s/console=tty[A-Z0-9,]+// --server=/boot/novaboot/$NAME --grub2 --grub-prefix=/boot/novaboot/$NAME --grub2-prolog=" set root=\'(hd0,msdos1)\'"',
49 $CFG::scons = "scons -j2";
56 package CFG; # Put config data into a separate namespace
61 die("ERROR: Failure compiling '$cfg' - $@");
62 } elsif (! defined($rc)) {
63 die("ERROR: Failure reading '$cfg' - $!");
65 die("ERROR: Failure processing '$cfg'");
68 $builddir = File::Spec->rel2abs($CFG::builddir, dirname($cfg)) if defined $CFG::builddir;
69 print STDERR "novaboot: Read $cfg\n";
74 # We don't use $0 here, because it points to the novaboot itself and
75 # not to the novaboot script. The problem with this approach is that
76 # when a script is run as "novaboot <options> <script>" then $ARGV[0]
77 # contains the first option. Hence the -f check.
78 my $dir = File::Spec->rel2abs($ARGV[0] && -f $ARGV[0] ? dirname($ARGV[0]) : '', $invocation_dir);
79 while (-d $dir && $dir ne "/") {
80 push @cfgs, "$dir/.novaboot" if -r "$dir/.novaboot";
81 $dir = abs_path($dir."/..");
84 my $cfg = $ENV{'NOVABOOT_CONFIG'};
85 Getopt::Long::Configure(qw/no_ignore_case pass_through/);
86 GetOptions ("config|c=s" => \$cfg);
87 read_config($_) foreach $cfg or reverse @cfgs;
89 ## Command line handling
91 my ($append, $bender, @chainloaders, $concat, $config_name_opt, $dhcp_tftp, $dump_opt, $dump_config, $gen_only, $grub_config, $grub_prefix, $grub_preamble, $grub2_prolog, $grub2_config, $help, $iprelay, $iso_image, $man, $no_file_gen, $off_opt, $on_opt, $pulsar, $pulsar_root, $qemu, $qemu_append, $qemu_flags_cmd, $rom_prefix, $rsync_flags, @scriptmod, $scons, $serial, $server);
94 $rom_prefix = 'rom://';
96 Getopt::Long::Configure(qw/no_ignore_case no_pass_through/);
99 "append|a=s" => \$append,
100 "bender|b" => \$bender,
101 "build-dir=s" => sub { my ($n, $v) = @_; $builddir = File::Spec->rel2abs($v); },
102 "concat" => \$concat,
103 "chainloader=s" => \@chainloaders,
104 "dhcp-tftp|d" => \$dhcp_tftp,
105 "dump" => \$dump_opt,
106 "dump-config" => \$dump_config,
107 "gen-only" => \$gen_only,
108 "grub|g:s" => \$grub_config,
109 "grub-preamble=s"=> \$grub_preamble,
110 "grub-prefix=s" => \$grub_prefix,
111 "grub2:s" => \$grub2_config,
112 "grub2-prolog=s" => \$grub2_prolog,
113 "iprelay=s" => \$iprelay,
114 "iso|i:s" => \$iso_image,
115 "name=s" => \$config_name_opt,
116 "no-file-gen" => \$no_file_gen,
119 "pulsar|p:s" => \$pulsar,
120 "pulsar-root=s" => \$pulsar_root,
121 "qemu|Q=s" => \$qemu,
122 "qemu-append=s" => \$qemu_append,
123 "qemu-flags|q=s" => \$qemu_flags_cmd,
124 "rsync-flags=s" => \$rsync_flags,
125 "scons:s" => \$scons,
126 "scriptmod=s" => \@scriptmod,
127 "serial|s:s" => \$serial,
128 "server:s" => \$server,
129 "strip-rom" => sub { $rom_prefix = ''; },
130 "target|t=s" => sub { my ($opt_name, $opt_value) = @_;
131 exists $CFG::targets{$opt_value} or die("Unknown target '$opt_value' (valid targets are: ".join(", ", sort keys(%CFG::targets)).")");
132 GetOptionsFromString($CFG::targets{$opt_value}, %opt_spec); },
136 GetOptions %opt_spec or pod2usage(2);
137 pod2usage(1) if $help;
138 pod2usage(-exitstatus => 0, -verbose => 2) if $man;
140 ### Dump sanitized configuration (if requested)
144 $Data::Dumper::Indent=1;
145 print "# This file is in perl syntax.\n";
146 foreach my $key(sort(keys(%CFG::))) { # See "Symbol Tables" in perlmod(1)
147 if (defined ${$CFG::{$key}}) { print Data::Dumper->Dump([${$CFG::{$key}}], ["*$key"]); }
148 if ( @{$CFG::{$key}}) { print Data::Dumper->Dump([\@{$CFG::{$key}}], ["*$key"]); }
149 if ( %{$CFG::{$key}}) { print Data::Dumper->Dump([\%{$CFG::{$key}}], ["*$key"]); }
155 ### Sanitize configuration
157 if (defined $config_name_opt && scalar(@ARGV) > 1) { die "You cannot use --name with multiple scripts"; }
160 if (defined $serial) { $serial ||= "/dev/ttyUSB0"; }
161 if (defined $grub_config) { $grub_config ||= "menu.lst"; }
162 if (defined $grub2_config) { $grub2_config ||= "grub.cfg"; }
164 ## Parse the novaboot script(s)
170 my ($modules, $variables, $generated, $continuation);
172 if ($ARGV ne $last_fn) { # New script
173 die "Missing EOF in $last_fn" if $file;
174 die "Unfinished line in $last_fn" if $line;
176 push @scripts, { 'filename' => $ARGV,
177 'modules' => $modules = [],
178 'variables' => $variables = {},
179 'generated' => $generated = []};
183 next if /^#/ || /^\s*$/; # Skip comments and empty lines
185 foreach my $mod(@scriptmod) { eval $mod; }
187 print "$_\n" if $dump_opt;
189 if (/^([A-Z_]+)=(.*)$/) { # Internal variable
190 $$variables{$1} = $2;
193 if (/^([^ ]*)(.*?)[[:space:]]*<<([^ ]*)$/) { # Heredoc start
194 push @$modules, "$1$2";
196 push @$generated, {filename => $1, content => $file};
200 if ($file && $_ eq $EOF) { # Heredoc end
204 if ($file) { # Heredoc content
205 push @{$file}, "$_\n";
208 $_ =~ s/^[[:space:]]*// if ($continuation);
209 if (/\\$/) { # Line continuation
210 $line .= substr($_, 0, length($_)-1);
216 $line .= " $append" if ($append && scalar(@$modules) == 0);
218 if ($line =~ /^([^ ]*)(.*?)[[:space:]]*< ?(.*)$/) { # Command substitution
219 push @$modules, "$1$2";
220 push @$generated, {filename => $1, command => $3};
224 push @$modules, $line;
228 #print Dumper(\@scripts);
234 sub generate_configs($$$) {
235 my ($base, $generated, $filename) = @_;
236 if ($base) { $base = "$base/"; };
237 foreach my $g(@$generated) {
238 if (exists $$g{content}) {
239 my $config = $$g{content};
240 my $fn = $$g{filename};
241 open(my $f, '>', $fn) || die("$fn: $!");
242 map { s|\brom://([^ ]*)|$rom_prefix$base$1|g; print $f "$_"; } @{$config};
244 print "novaboot: Created $fn\n";
245 } elsif (exists $$g{command} && ! $no_file_gen) {
246 $ENV{SRCDIR} = dirname(File::Spec->rel2abs( $filename, $invocation_dir ));
247 system_verbose("( $$g{command} ) > $$g{filename}");
252 sub generate_grub_config($$$$;$)
254 my ($filename, $title, $base, $modules_ref, $preamble) = @_;
255 if ($base) { $base = "$base/"; };
256 open(my $fg, '>', $filename) or die "$filename: $!";
257 print $fg "$preamble\n" if $preamble;
258 print $fg "title $title\n" if $title;
259 #print $fg "root $base\n"; # root doesn't really work for (nd)
261 foreach (@$modules_ref) {
264 my ($kbin, $kcmd) = split(' ', $_, 2);
265 $kcmd = '' if !defined $kcmd;
266 print $fg "kernel ${base}$kbin $kcmd\n";
268 s|\brom://([^ ]*)|$rom_prefix$base$1|g; # Translate rom:// files - needed for vdisk parameter of sigma0
269 print $fg "module $base$_\n";
273 print("novaboot: Created $builddir/$filename\n");
277 sub generate_grub2_config($$$$;$$)
279 my ($filename, $title, $base, $modules_ref, $preamble, $prolog) = @_;
280 if ($base && substr($base,-1,1) ne '/') { $base = "$base/"; };
281 open(my $fg, '>', $filename) or die "$filename: $!";
282 print $fg "$preamble\n" if $preamble;
283 $title ||= 'novaboot';
284 print $fg "menuentry $title {\n";
285 print $fg "$prolog\n" if $prolog;
287 foreach (@$modules_ref) {
290 my ($kbin, $kcmd) = split(' ', $_, 2);
291 $kcmd = '' if !defined $kcmd;
292 print $fg " multiboot ${base}$kbin $kcmd\n";
295 # GRUB2 doesn't pass filename in multiboot info so we have to duplicate it here
296 $_ = join(' ', ($args[0], @args));
297 s|\brom://|$rom_prefix|g; # We do not need to translate path for GRUB2
298 print $fg " module $base$_\n";
303 print("novaboot: Created $builddir/$filename\n");
307 sub generate_pulsar_config($$)
309 my ($filename, $modules_ref) = @_;
310 open(my $fg, '>', $filename) or die "$filename: $!";
311 print $fg "root $pulsar_root\n" if defined $pulsar_root;
314 foreach (@$modules_ref) {
317 ($kbin, $kcmd) = split(' ', $_, 2);
318 $kcmd = '' if !defined $kcmd;
321 s|\brom://|$rom_prefix|g;
322 print $fg "load $_\n";
325 # Put kernel as last - this is needed for booting Linux and has no influence on non-Linux OSes
326 print $fg "exec $kbin $kcmd\n";
328 print("novaboot: Created $builddir/$filename\n");
332 sub shell_cmd_string(@)
334 return join(' ', map((/^[-_=a-zA-Z0-9\/\.\+]+$/ ? "$_" : "'$_'"), @_));
339 print "novaboot: Running: ".shell_cmd_string(@_)."\n";
343 sub system_verbose($)
346 print "novaboot: Running: $cmd\n";
347 my $ret = system($cmd);
348 if ($ret & 0x007f) { die("Command terminated by a signal"); }
349 if ($ret & 0xff00) {die("Command exit with non-zero exit code"); }
350 if ($ret) { die("Command failure $ret"); }
355 if (exists $variables->{WVDESC}) {
356 print "Testing \"$variables->{WVDESC}\" in $last_fn:\n";
357 } elsif ($last_fn =~ /\.wv$/) {
358 print "Testing \"all\" in $last_fn:\n";
361 ## Connect to the target and check whether is not occupied
363 # We have to do this before file generation phase, because file
364 # generation is intermixed with file deployment phase and we want to
365 # check whether the target is not used by somebody else before
366 # deploying files. Otherwise, we may rewrite other user's files on a
369 my $exp; # Expect object to communicate with the target over serial line
371 my ($target_reset, $target_power_on, $target_power_off);
373 if (defined $iprelay) {
375 $iprelay =~ /([.0-9]+)(:([0-9]+))?/;
378 my $paddr = sockaddr_in($port, inet_aton($addr));
379 my $proto = getprotobyname('tcp');
380 socket($IPRELAY, PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, $proto) || die "socket: $!";
381 print "novaboot: Connecting to IP relay... ";
382 connect($IPRELAY, $paddr) || die "connect: $!";
384 $exp = Expect->init(\*$IPRELAY);
388 print $exp "\xFF\xF6"; # AYT
389 my $connected = $exp->expect(20, # Timeout in seconds
390 '<iprelayd: connected>',
391 '-re', '<WEB51 HW[^>]*>');
396 my ($relay, $onoff) = @_;
397 die unless ($relay == 1 || $relay == 2);
399 my $cmd = ($relay == 1 ? 0x5 : 0x6) | ($onoff ? 0x20 : 0x10);
400 return "\xFF\xFA\x2C\x32".chr($cmd)."\xFF\xF0";
404 my ($relay, $onoff) = @_;
405 die unless ($relay == 1 || $relay == 2);
406 my $cmd = ($relay == 1 ? 0xdf : 0xbf) | ($onoff ? 0x00 : 0xff);
407 return "\xFF\xFA\x2C\x97".chr($cmd)."\xFF\xF0";
411 my ($relay, $onoff, $can_giveup) = @_;
412 my $confirmation = '';
414 print $exp relaycmd($relay, $onoff);
415 my $confirmed = $exp->expect(20, # Timeout in seconds
416 relayconf($relay, $onoff));
419 print("Relay confirmation timeout - ignoring\n");
421 die "Relay confirmation timeout";
427 $target_reset = sub {
428 relay(2, 1, 1); # Reset the machine
433 $target_power_off = sub {
434 relay(1, 1); # Press power button
435 usleep(6000000); # Long press to switch off
439 $target_power_on = sub {
440 relay(1, 1); # Press power button
441 usleep(100000); # Short press
447 system("stty -F $serial raw -crtscts -onlcr 115200");
448 open($CONN, "+<", $serial) || die "open $serial: $!";
449 $exp = Expect->init(\*$CONN);
452 $exp = new Expect(); # Make $exp ready for calling $exp->spawn() later
455 if (defined $on_opt && defined $target_power_on) {
459 if (defined $off_opt && defined $target_power_off) {
460 print "novaboot: Switching the target off...\n";
461 &$target_power_off();
465 $builddir ||= dirname(File::Spec->rel2abs( ${$scripts[0]}{filename}));
466 chdir($builddir) or die "Can't change directory to $builddir: $!";
467 print "novaboot: Entering directory `$builddir'\n";
469 ## File generation phase
470 my (%files_iso, $menu_iso, $config_name, $filename);
472 foreach my $script (@scripts) {
473 $filename = $$script{filename};
474 $modules = $$script{modules};
475 $generated = $$script{generated};
476 $variables = $$script{variables};
478 ($config_name = $filename) =~ s#.*/##;
479 $config_name = $config_name_opt if (defined $config_name_opt);
481 if (exists $variables->{BUILDDIR}) {
482 $builddir = File::Spec->rel2abs($variables->{BUILDDIR});
483 chdir($builddir) or die "Can't change directory to $builddir: $!";
484 print "novaboot: Entering directory `$builddir'\n";
488 if (exists $variables->{KERNEL}) {
489 $kernel = $variables->{KERNEL};
491 if ($CFG::hypervisor) {
492 $kernel = $CFG::hypervisor . " ";
493 if (exists $variables->{HYPERVISOR_PARAMS}) {
494 $kernel .= $variables->{HYPERVISOR_PARAMS};
496 $kernel .= $CFG::hypervisor_params;
500 @$modules = ($kernel, @$modules) if $kernel;
501 @$modules = (@chainloaders, @$modules);
502 @$modules = ("bin/boot/bender", @$modules) if ($bender || defined $ENV{'NOVABOOT_BENDER'});
505 ($prefix = $grub_prefix) =~ s/\$NAME/$config_name/ if defined $grub_prefix;
506 $prefix ||= $builddir;
507 # TODO: use $grub_prefix as first parameter if some switch is given
508 generate_configs('', $generated, $filename);
510 ### Generate bootloader configuration files
511 my @bootloader_configs;
512 push @bootloader_configs, generate_grub_config($grub_config, $config_name, $prefix, $modules, $grub_preamble) if (defined $grub_config);
513 push @bootloader_configs, generate_grub2_config($grub2_config, $config_name, $prefix, $modules, $grub_preamble, $grub2_prolog) if (defined $grub2_config);
514 push @bootloader_configs, generate_pulsar_config('config-'.($pulsar||'novaboot'), $modules) if (defined $pulsar);
517 if (defined $scons) {
518 my @files = map({ ($file) = m/([^ ]*)/; $file; } @$modules);
519 # Filter-out generated files
520 my @to_build = grep({ my $file = $_; !scalar(grep($file eq $$_{filename}, @$generated)) } @files);
521 system_verbose($scons || $CFG::scons." ".join(" ", @to_build));
524 ### Copy files (using rsync)
525 if (defined $server && !defined($gen_only)) {
526 (my $real_server = $server) =~ s/\$NAME/$config_name/;
528 my ($hostname, $path) = split(":", $real_server, 2);
529 if (! defined $path) {
533 my $files = join(" ", map({ ($file) = m/([^ ]*)/; $file; } ( @$modules, @bootloader_configs)));
534 map({ my $file = (split)[0]; die "$file: $!" if ! -f $file; } @$modules);
535 my $istty = -t STDOUT && ($ENV{'TERM'} || 'dumb') ne 'dumb';
536 my $progress = $istty ? "--progress" : "";
537 system_verbose("rsync $progress -RLp $rsync_flags $files $real_server");
538 if ($server =~ m|/\$NAME$| && $concat) {
539 my $cmd = join("; ", map { "( cd $path/.. && cat */$_ > $_ )" } @bootloader_configs);
540 system_verbose($hostname ? "ssh $hostname '$cmd'" : $cmd);
544 ### Prepare ISO image generation
545 if (defined $iso_image) {
546 generate_configs("(cd)", $generated, $filename);
548 generate_grub_config(\$menu, $config_name, "(cd)", $modules);
549 $menu_iso .= "$menu\n";
550 map { ($file,undef) = split; $files_iso{$file} = 1; } @$modules;
554 ## Generate ISO image
555 if (defined $iso_image) {
556 open(my $fh, ">menu-iso.lst");
557 print $fh "timeout 5\n\n$menu_iso";
559 my $files = "boot/grub/menu.lst=menu-iso.lst " . join(" ", map("$_=$_", keys(%files_iso)));
560 $iso_image ||= "$config_name.iso";
561 system_verbose("$CFG::genisoimage -R -b stage2_eltorito -no-emul-boot -boot-load-size 4 -boot-info-table -hide-rr-moved -J -joliet-long -o $iso_image -graft-points bin/boot/grub/ $files");
562 print("ISO image created: $builddir/$iso_image\n");
565 exit(0) if defined $gen_only;
567 ## Boot the system using various methods and send serial output to stdout
569 if (scalar(@scripts) > 1 && ( defined $dhcp_tftp || defined $serial || defined $iprelay)) {
570 die "You cannot do this with multiple scripts simultaneously";
573 if ($variables->{WVTEST_TIMEOUT}) {
574 print "wvtest: timeout ", $variables->{WVTEST_TIMEOUT}, "\n";
579 $str =~ s/^\s+|\s+$//g;
585 if (!(defined $dhcp_tftp || defined $serial || defined $iprelay || defined $server || defined $iso_image)) {
587 $qemu ||= $variables->{QEMU} || $CFG::qemu;
588 my @qemu_flags = split(" ", $qemu);
589 $qemu = shift(@qemu_flags);
591 @qemu_flags = split(/ +/, trim($variables->{QEMU_FLAGS})) if exists $variables->{QEMU_FLAGS};
592 @qemu_flags = split(/ +/, trim($qemu_flags_cmd)) if $qemu_flags_cmd;
593 push(@qemu_flags, split(/ +/, trim($qemu_append || '')));
595 if (defined $iso_image) {
596 # Boot NOVA with grub (and test the iso image)
597 push(@qemu_flags, ('-cdrom', "$config_name.iso"));
599 # Boot NOVA without GRUB
601 # Non-patched qemu doesn't like commas, but NUL can live with pluses instead of commans
602 foreach (@$modules) {s/,/+/g;}
603 generate_configs("", $generated, $filename);
605 my ($kbin, $kcmd) = split(' ', shift(@$modules), 2);
606 $kcmd = '' if !defined $kcmd;
608 @$modules = map { if (/\.dtb$/) { $dtb=$_; (); } else { $_ } } @$modules;
609 my $initrd = join ",", @$modules;
611 push(@qemu_flags, ('-kernel', $kbin, '-append', $kcmd));
612 push(@qemu_flags, ('-initrd', $initrd)) if $initrd;
613 push(@qemu_flags, ('-dtb', $dtb)) if $dtb;
615 push(@qemu_flags, qw(-serial stdio)); # Redirect serial output (for collecting test restuls)
616 unshift(@qemu_flags, ('-name', $config_name));
617 print "novaboot: Running: ".shell_cmd_string($qemu, @qemu_flags)."\n";
618 $exp->spawn(($qemu, @qemu_flags)) || die("exec() failed: $!");
621 ### Local DHCPD and TFTPD
623 my ($dhcpd_pid, $tftpd_pid);
625 if (defined $dhcp_tftp)
627 generate_configs("(nd)", $generated, $filename);
628 system_verbose('mkdir -p tftpboot');
629 generate_grub_config("tftpboot/os-menu.lst", $config_name, "(nd)", \@$modules, "timeout 0");
630 open(my $fh, '>', 'dhcpd.conf');
631 my $mac = `cat /sys/class/net/eth0/address`;
633 print $fh "subnet 10.23.23.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
634 range 10.23.23.10 10.23.23.100;
635 filename \"bin/boot/grub/pxegrub.pxe\";
636 next-server 10.23.23.1;
639 hardware ethernet $mac;
640 fixed-address 10.23.23.1;
643 system_verbose("sudo ip a add 10.23.23.1/24 dev eth0;
644 sudo ip l set dev eth0 up;
645 sudo touch dhcpd.leases");
648 if ($dhcpd_pid == 0) {
649 # This way, the spawned server are killed when this script is killed.
650 exec_verbose("sudo dhcpd -d -cf dhcpd.conf -lf dhcpd.leases -pf dhcpd.pid");
653 if ($tftpd_pid == 0) {
654 exec_verbose("sudo in.tftpd --foreground --secure -v -v -v $builddir");
656 $SIG{TERM} = sub { print "CHILDS KILLED\n"; kill 15, $dhcpd_pid, $tftpd_pid; };
659 ### Serial line or IP relay
661 if (defined $target_reset) {
662 print "novaboot: Reseting the test box... ";
668 # Serial line of the target is available
669 print "novaboot: Serial line interaction (press Ctrl-C to interrupt)...\n";
671 $exp->interact(undef, "\cC"); # Interact until Ctrl-C is pressed
674 ### Wait for dhcpc or tftpd
675 if (defined $dhcp_tftp) {
676 kill 15, $dhcpd_pid, $tftpd_pid;
678 if ($pid == $dhcpd_pid) { print "dhcpd exited!\n"; }
679 elsif ($pid == $tftpd_pid) { print "tftpd exited!\n"; }
680 else { print "wait returned: $pid\n"; }
681 kill(15, 0); # Kill current process group i.e. all remaining children
688 novaboot - A tool for booting various operating systems on various hardware or in qemu
692 B<novaboot> [ options ] [--] script...
694 B<./script> [ options ]
700 This program makes it easier to boot NOVA or other operating system
701 (OS) in different environments. It reads a so called novaboot script
702 and uses it either to boot the OS in an emulator (e.g. in qemu) or to
703 generate the configuration for a specific bootloader and optionally to
704 copy the necessary binaries and other needed files to proper
705 locations, perhaps on a remote server. In case the system is actually
706 booted, its serial output is redirected to standard output if that is
709 A typical way of using novaboot is to make the novaboot script
710 executable and set its first line to I<#!/usr/bin/env novaboot>. Then,
711 booting a particular OS configuration becomes the same as executing a
712 local program - the novaboot script.
714 With C<novaboot> you can:
720 Run an OS in Qemu. This is the default action when no other action is
721 specified by command line switches. Thus running C<novaboot ./script>
722 (or C<./script> as described above) will run Qemu and make it boot the
723 configuration specified in the I<script>.
727 Create a bootloader configuration file (currently supported
728 bootloaders are GRUB, GRUB2 and Pulsar) and copy it with all other
729 files needed for booting to another, perhaps remote, location.
731 ./script --server --iprelay=192.168.1.2
733 This command copies files to a TFTP server specified in the
734 configuration file and uses TCP/IP-controlled relay to reset the test
735 box and receive its serial output.
739 Run DHCP and TFTP server on developer's machine to PXE-boot NOVA from
744 When a PXE-bootable machine is connected via Ethernet to developer's
745 machine, it will boot the configuration described in I<script>.
749 Create bootable ISO images. E.g.
751 novaboot --iso -- script1 script2
753 The created ISO image will have GRUB bootloader installed on it and
754 the boot menu will allow selecting between I<script1> and I<script2>
759 =head1 PHASES AND OPTIONS
761 Novaboot performs its work in several phases. Each phase can be
762 influenced by several options, certain phases can be skipped. The list
763 of phases (in the execution order) and the corresponding options
766 =head2 Configuration reading phase
768 After starting, novaboot reads configuration files. By default, it
769 searches for files named F<.novaboot> starting from the directory of
770 the novaboot script (or working directory, see bellow) and continuing
771 upwards up to the root directory. The configuration files are read in
772 order from the root directory downwards with latter files overriding
773 settings from the former ones.
775 In certain cases, the location of the novaboot script cannot be
776 determined in this early phase. This happens either when the script is
777 read from the standard input or when novaboot is invoked explicitly
778 and options precede the script name, as in the example L</"4."> above.
779 In this case the current working directory is used as a starting point
780 for configuration file search.
784 =item -c, --config=<filename>
786 Use the specified configuration file instead of the default one(s).
790 =head2 Command line processing phase
796 Dump the current configuration to stdout end exits. Useful as an
797 initial template for a configuration file.
801 Print short (B<-h>) or long (B<--help>) help.
803 =item -t, --target=<target>
805 This option serves as a user configurable shortcut for other novaboot
806 options. The effect of this option is the same as the options stored
807 in the C<%targets> configuration variable under key I<target>. See
808 also L</"CONFIGURATION FILE">.
812 =head2 Script preprocessing phase
814 This phases allows to modify the parsed novaboot script before it is
815 used in the later phases.
819 =item -a, --append=<parameters>
821 Appends a string to the first "filename" line in the novaboot script.
822 This can be used to append parameters to the kernel's or root task's
827 Use F<bender> chainloader. Bender scans the PCI bus for PCI serial
828 ports and stores the information about them in the BIOS data area for
831 =item --chainloader=<chainloader>
833 Chainloader that is loaded before the kernel and other files specified
834 in the novaboot script. E.g. 'bin/boot/bender promisc'.
838 Prints the content of the novaboot script after removing comments and
839 evaluating all I<--scriptmod> expressions. Exit after reading (and
842 =item --scriptmod=I<perl expression>
844 When novaboot script is read, I<perl expression> is executed for every
845 line (in $_ variable). For example, C<novaboot
846 --scriptmod=s/sigma0/omega6/g> replaces every occurrence of I<sigma0>
847 in the script with I<omega6>.
849 When this option is present, it overrides I<$script_modifier> variable
850 from the configuration file, which has the same effect. If this option
851 is given multiple times all expressions are evaluated in the command
856 Strip I<rom://> prefix from command lines and generated config files.
857 The I<rom://> prefix is used by NUL. For NRE, it has to be stripped.
861 =head2 File generation phase
863 In this phase, files needed for booting are generated in a so called
864 I<build directory> (see TODO). In most cases configuration for a
865 bootloader is generated automatically by novaboot. It is also possible
866 to generate other files using I<heredoc> or I<"<"> syntax in novaboot
867 scripts. Finally, binaries can be generated in this phases by running
872 =item --build-dir=<directory>
874 Overrides the default build directory location.
876 The default build directory location is determined as follows: If the
877 configuration file defines the C<$builddir> variable, its value is
878 used. Otherwise, it is the directory that contains the first processed
881 =item -g, --grub[=I<filename>]
883 Generates grub bootloader menu file. If the I<filename> is not
884 specified, F<menu.lst> is used. The I<filename> is relative to the
885 build directory (see B<--build-dir>).
887 =item --grub-preamble=I<prefix>
889 Specifies the I<preable> that is at the beginning of the generated
890 GRUB or GRUB2 config files. This is useful for specifying GRUB's
893 =item --grub-prefix=I<prefix>
895 Specifies I<prefix> that is put in front of every file name in GRUB's
896 F<menu.lst>. The default value is the absolute path to the build directory.
898 If the I<prefix> contains string $NAME, it will be replaced with the
899 name of the novaboot script (see also B<--name>).
901 =item --grub2[=I<filename>]
903 Generate GRUB2 menuentry in I<filename>. If I<filename> is not
904 specified F<grub.cfg> is used. The content of the menuentry can be
905 customized with B<--grub-preable>, B<--grub2-prolog> or
906 B<--grub_prefix> options.
908 In order to use the the generated menuentry on your development
909 machine that uses GRUB2, append the following snippet to
910 F</etc/grub.d/40_custom> file and regenerate your grub configuration,
911 i.e. run update-grub on Debian/Ubuntu.
913 if [ -f /path/to/nul/build/grub.cfg ]; then
914 source /path/to/nul/build/grub.cfg
917 =item --grub2-prolog=I<prolog>
919 Specifies text I<preable> that is put at the begiging of the entry
922 =item --name=I<string>
924 Use the name I<string> instead of the name of the novaboot script.
925 This name is used for things like a title of grub menu or for the
926 server directory where the boot files are copied to.
930 Do not generate files on the fly (i.e. "<" syntax) except for the
931 files generated via "<<WORD" syntax.
933 =item -p, --pulsar[=mac]
935 Generates pulsar bootloader configuration file named F<config-I<mac>>
936 The I<mac> string is typically a MAC address and defaults to
939 =item --scons[=scons command]
941 Runs I<scons> to build files that are not generated by novaboot
946 Exit novaboot after file generation phase.
950 =head2 Target connection check
952 If supported by the target, the connection to it is made and it is
953 checked whether the target is not occupied by another novaboot
956 =head2 File deployment phase
958 In some setups, it is necessary to copy the files needed for booting
959 to a particular location, e.g. to a TFTP boot server or to the
964 =item -d, --dhcp-tftp
966 Turns your workstation into a DHCP and TFTP server so that NOVA
967 can be booted via PXE BIOS on a test machine directly connected by
968 a plain Ethernet cable to your workstation.
970 The DHCP and TFTP servers require root privileges and C<novaboot>
971 uses C<sudo> command to obtain those. You can put the following to
972 I</etc/sudoers> to allow running the necessary commands without
975 Cmnd_Alias NOVABOOT = /bin/ip a add 10.23.23.1/24 dev eth0, /bin/ip l set dev eth0 up, /usr/sbin/dhcpd -d -cf dhcpd.conf -lf dhcpd.leases -pf dhcpd.pid, /usr/sbin/in.tftpd --foreground --secure -v -v -v *, /usr/bin/touch dhcpd.leases
976 your_login ALL=NOPASSWD: NOVABOOT
978 =item -i, --iso[=filename]
980 Generates the ISO image that boots NOVA system via GRUB. If no filename
981 is given, the image is stored under I<NAME>.iso, where I<NAME> is the name
982 of the novaboot script (see also B<--name>).
984 =item --server[=[[user@]server:]path]
986 Copy all files needed for booting to another location (implies B<-g>
987 unless B<--grub2> is given). The files will be copied (by B<rsync>
988 tool) to the directory I<path>. If the I<path> contains string $NAME,
989 it will be replaced with the name of the novaboot script (see also
994 If B<--server> is used and its value ends with $NAME, then after
995 copying the files, a new bootloader configuration file (e.g. menu.lst)
996 is created at I<path-wo-name>, i.e. the path specified by B<--server>
997 with $NAME part removed. The content of the file is created by
998 concatenating all files of the same name from all subdirectories of
999 I<path-wo-name> found on the "server".
1001 =item --rsync-flags=I<flags>
1003 Specifies which I<flags> are appended to F<rsync> command line when
1004 copying files as a result of I<--server> option.
1008 =head2 Target power-on and reset phase
1012 =item --iprelay=I<addr[:port]>
1014 Use IP relay to reset the machine and to get the serial output. The IP
1015 address of the relay is given by I<addr> parameter.
1017 Note: This option is expected to work with HWG-ER02a IP relays.
1021 Switch on/off the target machine. Currently works only with
1024 =item -Q, --qemu=I<qemu-binary>
1026 The name of qemu binary to use. The default is 'qemu'.
1028 =item --qemu-append=I<flags>
1030 Append I<flags> to the default qemu flags (QEMU_FLAGS variable or
1031 C<-cpu coreduo -smp 2>).
1033 =item -q, --qemu-flags=I<flags>
1035 Replace the default qemu flags (QEMU_FLAGS variable or C<-cpu coreduo
1036 -smp 2>) with I<flags> specified here.
1040 =head2 Interaction with the bootloader on the target
1042 See B<--serial>. There will be new options soon.
1044 =head2 Target's output reception phase
1048 =item -s, --serial[=device]
1050 Use serial line to control GRUB bootloader and to see the output
1051 serial output of the machine. The default value is F</dev/ttyUSB0>.
1055 See also B<--iprelay>.
1057 =head2 Termination phase
1059 Daemons that were spwned (F<dhcpd> and F<tftpd>) are killed here.
1061 =head1 NOVABOOT SCRIPT SYNTAX
1063 The syntax tries to mimic POSIX shell syntax. The syntax is defined with the following rules.
1065 Lines starting with "#" are ignored.
1067 Lines that end with "\" are concatenated with the following line after
1068 removal of the final "\" and leading whitespace of the following line.
1070 Lines in the form I<VARIABLE=...> (i.e. matching '^[A-Z_]+=' regular
1071 expression) assign values to internal variables. See VARIABLES
1074 Otherwise, the first word on the line represents the filename
1075 (relative to the build directory (see B<--build-dir>) of the module to
1076 load and the remaining words are passed as the command line
1079 When the line ends with "<<WORD" then the subsequent lines until the
1080 line containing only WORD are copied literally to the file named on
1083 When the line ends with "< CMD" the command CMD is executed with
1084 C</bin/sh> and its standard output is stored in the file named on that
1085 line. The SRCDIR variable in CMD's environment is set to the absolute
1086 path of the directory containing the interpreted novaboot script.
1089 #!/usr/bin/env novaboot
1090 WVDESC=Example program
1091 bin/apps/sigma0.nul S0_DEFAULT script_start:1,1 \
1092 verbose hostkeyb:0,0x60,1,12,2
1094 hello.nulconfig <<EOF
1095 sigma0::mem:16 name::/s0/log name::/s0/timer name::/s0/fs/rom ||
1096 rom://bin/apps/hello.nul
1099 This example will load three modules: sigma0.nul, hello.nul and
1100 hello.nulconfig. sigma0 gets some command line parameters and
1101 hello.nulconfig file is generated on the fly from the lines between
1106 The following variables are interpreted in the novaboot script:
1112 Novaboot chdir()s to this directory before file generation phase. The
1113 directory name specified here is relative to the build directory
1114 specified by other means (see L</--build-dir>).
1118 Description of the wvtest-compliant program.
1120 =item WVTEST_TIMEOUT
1122 The timeout in seconds for WvTest harness. If no complete line appears
1123 in the test output within the time specified here, the test fails. It
1124 is necessary to specify this for long running tests that produce no
1125 intermediate output.
1129 Use a specific qemu binary (can be overriden with B<-Q>) and flags
1130 when booting this script under qemu. If QEMU_FLAGS variable is also
1131 specified flags specified in QEMU variable are replaced by those in
1136 Use specific qemu flags (can be overriden with B<-q>).
1138 =item HYPERVISOR_PARAMS
1140 Parameters passed to hypervisor. The default value is "serial", unless
1141 overriden in configuration file.
1145 The kernel to use instead of NOVA hypervisor specified in the
1146 configuration file. The value should contain the name of the kernel
1147 image as well as its command line parameters. If this variable is
1148 defined and non-empty, the variable HYPERVISOR_PARAMS is not used.
1152 =head1 CONFIGURATION FILE
1154 Novaboot can read its configuration from a file. Configuration file
1155 was necessary in early days of novaboot. Nowadays, an attempt is made
1156 to not use the configuration file because it makes certain novaboot
1157 scripts unusable on systems without (or with different) configuration
1158 file. The only recommended use of the configuration file is to specify
1159 custom_options (see bellow).
1161 If you decide to use the configuration file, it is looked up, by
1162 default, in files named F<.novaboot> as described in L</Configuration
1163 reading phase>. Alternatively, its location can be specified with the
1164 B<-c> switch or with the NOVABOOT_CONFIG environment variable. The
1165 configuration file has perl syntax and should set values of certain
1166 Perl variables. The current configuration can be dumped with the
1167 B<--dump-config> switch. Some configuration variables can be overriden
1168 by environment variables (see below) or by command line switches.
1170 Documentation of some configuration variables follows:
1176 Build directory location relative to the location of the configuration
1181 Hash of shortcuts to be used with the B<--target> option. If the hash
1182 contains, for instance, the following pair of values
1184 'mybox' => '--server=boot:/tftproot --serial=/dev/ttyUSB0 --grub',
1186 then the following two commands are equivalent:
1188 ./script --server=boot:/tftproot --serial=/dev/ttyUSB0 --grub
1193 =head1 ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
1195 Some options can be specified not only via config file or command line
1196 but also through environment variables. Environment variables override
1197 the values from configuration file and command line parameters
1198 override the environment variables.
1202 =item NOVABOOT_CONFIG
1204 Name of the novaboot configuration file to use instead of the default
1207 =item NOVABOOT_BENDER
1209 Defining this variable has the same meaning as B<--bender> option.
1215 Michal Sojka <sojka@os.inf.tu-dresden.de>