1 <appendix id="appendix.gfdl-1.2">
2 <?dbhtml filename="appendix_gfdl.html"?>
3 <title>GNU Free Documentation License</title>
5 Copyright (C) 2000, 2001, 2002 Free Software Foundation,
6 <abbrev>Inc.</abbrev> 51 Franklin <abbrev>St</abbrev>, Fifth Floor,
7 Boston, <abbrev>MA</abbrev> 02110-1301 <abbrev
8 role="initialism">USA</abbrev>. Everyone is permitted to copy and
9 distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is
12 <bridgehead id="fdl-1-preamble" renderas="sect1">
16 The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
17 functional and useful document "free" in the sense of freedom: to assure
18 everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or
19 without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially.
20 Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way to
21 get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible for
22 modifications made by others.
25 This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative works of
26 the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It complements
27 the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft license designed for
31 We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free
32 software, because free software needs free documentation: a free program
33 should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the software
34 does. But this License is not limited to software manuals; it can be used
35 for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or whether it is
36 published as a printed book. We recommend this License principally for
37 works whose purpose is instruction or reference.</para>
38 <bridgehead id="fdl-1-definitions" renderas="sect1">
39 1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
42 This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that
43 contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be
44 distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice grants a
45 world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that work
46 under the conditions stated herein. The "Document", below, refers to any
47 such manual or work. Any member of the public is a licensee, and is
48 addressed as "you". You accept the license if you copy, modify or
49 distribute the work in a way requiring permission under copyright
53 A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the
54 Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with modifications
55 and/or translated into another language.
58 A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter section of the
59 Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the publishers or
60 authors of the Document to the Document's overall subject (or to related
61 matters) and contains nothing that could fall directly within that overall
62 subject. (Thus, if the Document is in part a textbook of mathematics, a
63 Secondary Section may not explain any mathematics.) The relationship
64 could be a matter of historical connection with the subject or with
65 related matters, or of legal, commercial, philosophical, ethical or
66 political position regarding them.
69 The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whose titles are
70 designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice that says
71 that the Document is released under this License. If a section does not
72 fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not allowed to be
73 designated as Invariant. The Document may contain zero Invariant
74 Sections. If the Document does not identify any Invariant Sections then
78 The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are listed, as
79 Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that the
80 Document is released under this License. A Front-Cover Text may be at
81 most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words.
84 A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,
85 represented in a format whose specification is available to the general
86 public, that is suitable for revising the document straightforwardly with
87 generic text editors or (for images composed of pixels) generic paint
88 programs or (for drawings) some widely available drawing editor, and that
89 is suitable for input to text formatters or for automatic translation to a
90 variety of formats suitable for input to text formatters. A copy made in
91 an otherwise Transparent file format whose markup, or absence of markup,
92 has been arranged to thwart or discourage subsequent modification by
93 readers is not Transparent. An image format is not Transparent if used
94 for any substantial amount of text. A copy that is not "Transparent" is
98 Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain ASCII
99 without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML or XML
100 using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple HTML,
101 PostScript or PDF designed for human modification. Examples of
102 transparent image formats include PNG, XCF and JPG. Opaque formats
103 include proprietary formats that can be read and edited only by
104 proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or
105 processing tools are not generally available, and the machine-generated
106 HTML, PostScript or PDF produced by some word processors for output
110 The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself, plus
111 such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material this
112 License requires to appear in the title page. For works in formats which
113 do not have any title page as such, "Title Page" means the text near the
114 most prominent appearance of the work's title, preceding the beginning of
115 the body of the text.
118 A section "Entitled XYZ" means a named subunit of the Document whose title
119 either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following text that
120 translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ stands for a specific
121 section name mentioned below, such as "Acknowledgements", "Dedications",
122 "Endorsements", or "History".) To "Preserve the Title" of such a section
123 when you modify the Document means that it remains a section "Entitled
124 XYZ" according to this definition.
127 The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which
128 states that this License applies to the Document. These Warranty
129 Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this License,
130 but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other implication that
131 these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has no effect on the
132 meaning of this License.
134 <bridgehead id="VerbatimCopying" renderas="sect1">
138 You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
139 commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the copyright
140 notices, and the license notice saying this License applies to the
141 Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other
142 conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use technical
143 measures to obstruct or control the reading or further copying of the
144 copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept compensation in
145 exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough number of copies
146 you must also follow the conditions in section 3.
149 You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and you
150 may publicly display copies.
152 <bridgehead id="QuantityCopying" renderas="sect1">
153 3. COPYING IN QUANTITY
156 If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have
157 printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the
158 Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the
159 copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover Texts:
160 Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on the back
161 cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify you as the
162 publisher of these copies. The front cover must present the full title
163 with all words of the title equally prominent and visible. You may add
164 other material on the covers in addition. Copying with changes limited to
165 the covers, as long as they preserve the title of the Document and satisfy
166 these conditions, can be treated as verbatim copying in other
170 If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit legibly,
171 you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit reasonably) on the
172 actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent pages.
175 If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering more
176 than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent copy
177 along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy a
178 computer-network location from which the general network-using public has
179 access to download using public-standard network protocols a complete
180 Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material. If you use the
181 latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, when you begin
182 distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that this Transparent
183 copy will remain thus accessible at the stated location until at least one
184 year after the last time you distribute an Opaque copy (directly or
185 through your agents or retailers) of that edition to the public.
188 It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the
189 Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give
190 them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the
193 <bridgehead id="Modifications" renderas="sect1">
197 You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under the
198 conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release the
199 Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified Version
200 filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution and
201 modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy of it.
202 In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:
204 <orderedlist numeration="upperalpha">
207 Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct
208 from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions (which
209 should, if there were any, be listed in the History section of the
210 Document). You may use the same title as a previous version if the
211 original publisher of that version gives permission.
216 List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities
217 responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified
218 Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the
219 Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five),
220 unless they release you from this requirement.
225 State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the Modified
226 Version, as the publisher.
231 Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
236 Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications adjacent to
237 the other copyright notices.
242 Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice
243 giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the
244 terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.
249 Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections
250 and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice.
255 Include an unaltered copy of this License.
260 Preserve the section Entitled "History", Preserve its Title, and add
261 to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and
262 publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If
263 there is no section Entitled "History" in the Document, create one
264 stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as
265 given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified
266 Version as stated in the previous sentence.
271 Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for
272 public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise the
273 network locations given in the Document for previous versions it was
274 based on. These may be placed in the "History" section. You may omit
275 a network location for a work that was published at least four years
276 before the Document itself, or if the original publisher of the
277 version it refers to gives permission.
282 For any section Entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications", Preserve
283 the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all the
284 substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or
285 dedications given therein.
290 Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, unaltered in
291 their text and in their titles. Section numbers or the equivalent are
292 not considered part of the section titles.
297 Delete any section Entitled "Endorsements". Such a section may not be
298 included in the Modified Version.
303 Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled "Endorsements" or
304 to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.
309 Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.
314 If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or appendices
315 that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material copied from the
316 Document, you may at your option designate some or all of these sections
317 as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the list of Invariant
318 Sections in the Modified Version's license notice. These titles must be
319 distinct from any other section titles.
322 You may add a section Entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains
323 nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various parties--for
324 example, statements of peer review or that the text has been approved by
325 an organization as the authoritative definition of a standard.
328 You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a
329 passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list of
330 Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of Front-Cover Text
331 and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or through arrangements made
332 by) any one entity. If the Document already includes a cover text for the
333 same cover, previously added by you or by arrangement made by the same
334 entity you are acting on behalf of, you may not add another; but you may
335 replace the old one, on explicit permission from the previous publisher
336 that added the old one.
339 The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License give
340 permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or imply
341 endorsement of any Modified Version.
343 <bridgehead id="Combining" renderas="sect1">
344 5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS
347 You may combine the Document with other documents released under this
348 License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified versions,
349 provided that you include in the combination all of the Invariant Sections
350 of all of the original documents, unmodified, and list them all as
351 Invariant Sections of your combined work in its license notice, and that
352 you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers.
355 The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and multiple
356 identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single copy. If there
357 are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but different contents,
358 make the title of each such section unique by adding at the end of it, in
359 parentheses, the name of the original author or publisher of that section
360 if known, or else a unique number. Make the same adjustment to the
361 section titles in the list of Invariant Sections in the license notice of
365 In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled "History" in
366 the various original documents, forming one section Entitled "History";
367 likewise combine any sections Entitled "Acknowledgements", and any
368 sections Entitled "Dedications". You must delete all sections Entitled
371 <bridgehead id="Collections" renderas="sect1">
372 6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
375 You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents
376 released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this
377 License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in
378 the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for
379 verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects.
382 You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute
383 it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this
384 License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all other
385 respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.
387 <bridgehead id="Aggregation" renderas="sect1">
388 7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
391 A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate and
392 independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or
393 distribution medium, is called an "aggregate" if the copyright resulting
394 from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights of the
395 compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit. When the
396 Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not apply to the
397 other works in the aggregate which are not themselves derivative works of
401 If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these copies
402 of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of the entire
403 aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on covers that bracket
404 the Document within the aggregate, or the electronic equivalent of covers
405 if the Document is in electronic form. Otherwise they must appear on
406 printed covers that bracket the whole aggregate.
408 <bridgehead id="Translation" renderas="sect1">
412 Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may distribute
413 translations of the Document under the terms of section 4. Replacing
414 Invariant Sections with translations requires special permission from
415 their copyright holders, but you may include translations of some or all
416 Invariant Sections in addition to the original versions of these Invariant
417 Sections. You may include a translation of this License, and all the
418 license notices in the Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided
419 that you also include the original English version of this License and the
420 original versions of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a
421 disagreement between the translation and the original version of this
422 License or a notice or disclaimer, the original version will prevail.
425 If a section in the Document is Entitled "Acknowledgements",
426 "Dedications", or "History", the requirement (section 4) to Preserve its
427 Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual title.
429 <bridgehead id="fdl-1-termination" renderas="sect1">
433 You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except as
434 expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt to copy,
435 modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will
436 automatically terminate your rights under this License. However, parties
437 who have received copies, or rights, from you under this License will not
438 have their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in full
441 <bridgehead id="FutureRevisions" renderas="sect1">
442 10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
445 The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of the GNU
446 Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new versions will be
447 similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
448 address new problems or concerns. See <ulink
449 url="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/">http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/</ulink>.
452 Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. If
453 the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this License
454 "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option of following the
455 terms and conditions either of that specified version or of any later
456 version that has been published (not as a draft) by the Free Software
457 Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version number of this
458 License, you may choose any version ever published (not as a draft) by the
459 Free Software Foundation.
461 <bridgehead id="HowToUse" renderas="sect1">
462 ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents
465 To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of the
466 License in the document and put the following copyright and license
467 notices just after the title page:
471 Copyright (C) YEAR YOUR NAME.
474 Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
475 under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
476 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no
477 Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A
478 copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free
479 Documentation License".
483 If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts,
484 replace the "with...Texts." line with this:
488 with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the
489 Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST.
493 If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other
494 combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the
498 If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
499 recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of free
500 software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to permit their
501 use in free software.
projects / l4.git / blob