3 # This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
4 # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
5 # the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or
6 # (at your option) any later version.
8 # This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
9 # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
10 # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
11 # GNU General Public License for more details.
13 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
14 # along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
20 use warnings (exists $ENV{NOVABOOT_TEST} ? (FATAL => 'all') : ());
21 use Getopt::Long qw(GetOptionsFromString GetOptionsFromArray);
25 use File::Path qw(make_path);
27 use Time::HiRes("usleep");
31 use POSIX qw(:errno_h sysconf);
32 use Cwd qw(getcwd abs_path);
38 my $invocation_dir = $ENV{PWD} || getcwd();
40 # We prefer using PWD, to use nicer paths names with symbolic links.
41 # However, when executed from 'make -C dir', PWD may contain the make
42 # invocation path, not the real invocation path with dir at the end.
44 if (abs_path($ENV{PWD}) ne abs_path(getcwd())) {
45 $invocation_dir = getcwd();
48 ## Configuration file handling
50 # Default configuration
51 $CFG::hypervisor = "";
52 $CFG::hypervisor_params = "serial";
53 $CFG::genisoimage = "genisoimage";
54 $CFG::qemu = 'qemu-system-i386 -cpu coreduo -smp 2';
55 $CFG::default_target = '';
59 "tud" => '--copy=erwin.inf.tu-dresden.de:~sojka/boot/novaboot --rsync-flags="--chmod=Dg+s,ug+w,o-w,+rX --rsync-path=\"umask 002 && rsync\"" --grub --grub-prefix=(nd)/tftpboot/sojka/novaboot --grub-preamble="timeout 0" --concat --iprelay=141.76.48.80:2324 --scriptmod=s/\\\\bhostserial\\\\b/hostserialpci/g',
60 "novabox" => '--ssh=novabox@rtime.felk.cvut.cz',
61 "localhost" => '--scriptmod=s/console=tty[A-Z0-9,]+// --copy=/boot/novaboot/$NAME --grub2 --grub-prefix=/boot/novaboot/$NAME --grub2-prolog=" set root=\'(hd0,msdos1)\'"',
62 "ryu" => '--uboot --uboot-init="mw f0000b00 \${psc_cfg}; sleep 1" --uboot-addr kernel=800000 --uboot-addr ramdisk=b00000 --uboot-addr fdt=7f0000',
63 "ryuglab" => '--target ryu --ssh=ryu@pc-sojkam.felk.cvut.cz',
64 "ryulocal" => '--target ryu --dhcp-tftp --serial --reset-cmd="if which dtrrts; then dtrrts $NB_SERIAL 0 1; sleep 0.1; dtrrts $NB_SERIAL 1 1; fi"',
69 $const{linux}->{_SC_NPROCESSORS_CONF} = 83;
70 my $nproc = sysconf($const{$^O}->{_SC_NPROCESSORS_CONF});
72 $CFG::scons = "scons -j$nproc";
73 $CFG::make = "make -j$nproc";
81 package CFG; # Put config data into a separate namespace
87 die("ERROR: Failure compiling '$cfg' - $@");
88 } elsif (! defined($rc)) {
89 die("ERROR: Failure reading '$cfg' - $!");
91 die("ERROR: Failure processing '$cfg'");
94 $builddir = File::Spec->rel2abs($CFG::builddir, dirname($cfg)) if defined $CFG::builddir;
95 print STDERR "novaboot: Read $cfg\n";
100 # We don't use $0 here, because it points to the novaboot itself and
101 # not to the novaboot script. The problem with this approach is that
102 # when a script is run as "novaboot <options> <script>" then $ARGV[0]
103 # contains the first option. Hence the -f check.
104 my $dir = File::Spec->rel2abs($ARGV[0] && -f $ARGV[0] ? dirname($ARGV[0]) : '', $invocation_dir);
105 while ((-d $dir || -l $dir ) && $dir ne "/") {
106 push @cfgs, "$dir/.novaboot" if -r "$dir/.novaboot";
107 my @dirs = File::Spec->splitdir($dir);
108 $dir = File::Spec->catdir(@dirs[0..$#dirs-1]);
110 @cfgs = reverse @cfgs;
112 my $xdg_config_home = $ENV{'XDG_CONFIG_HOME'} || $ENV{'HOME'}.'/.config';
113 unshift(@cfgs, "$xdg_config_home/novaboot") if -r "$xdg_config_home/novaboot";
115 $dir = $ENV{'NOVABOOT_CONFIG_DIR'} || '/etc/novaboot.d';
116 if (opendir(my $dh, $dir)) {
117 my @etccfg = map { "$dir/$_" } grep { /^[-_a-zA-Z0-9]+$/ && -f "$dir/$_" } readdir($dh);
119 @etccfg = sort(@etccfg);
120 @cfgs = ( @etccfg, @cfgs );
123 my $cfg = $ENV{'NOVABOOT_CONFIG'};
124 Getopt::Long::Configure(qw/no_ignore_case pass_through/);
125 GetOptions ("config|c=s" => \$cfg);
126 read_config($_) foreach $cfg or @cfgs;
128 ## Command line handling
130 my $explicit_target = $ENV{'NOVABOOT_TARGET'};
131 GetOptions ("target|t=s" => \$explicit_target);
133 # Variables for command line options
134 my ($amt, @append, $bender, @chainloaders, $concat, $config_name_opt, $dhcp_tftp, $dump_opt, $dump_config, @exiton, $exiton_timeout, @expect_raw, $final_eol, $gen_only, $grub_config, $grub_prefix, $grub_preamble, $grub2_prolog, $grub2_config, $help, $ider, $interaction, $iprelay, $iprelay_cmd, $iso_image, $interactive, $kernel_opt, $make, $man, $netif, $no_file_gen, $off_opt, $on_opt, $pulsar, $pulsar_root, $qemu, $qemu_append, $qemu_flags_cmd, @remote_cmd, $remote_expect, $remote_expect_silent, $remote_expect_timeout, $reset, @reset_cmd, $reset_send, $rom_prefix, $rsync_flags, @scriptmod, $scons, $serial, $server, $stty, $tftp, $tftp_port, $uboot, %uboot_addr, $uboot_cmd, @uboot_init, $uboot_stop_key);
136 my ($target_reset, $target_power_on, $target_power_off);
138 # Default values of certain command line options
140 'kernel' => '${kernel_addr_r}',
141 'ramdisk' => '${ramdisk_addr_r}',
142 'fdt' => '${fdt_addr_r}',
145 $rom_prefix = 'rom://';
146 $stty = 'raw -crtscts -onlcr -echo 115200';
147 $reset = 1; # Reset target by default
148 $interaction = 1; # Perform target interaction by default
150 $netif = $CFG::netif;
151 $remote_expect_timeout = -1;
153 my @expect_seen = ();
157 push(@expect_seen, '-re') if $n eq "expect-re";
158 push(@expect_seen, $v);
164 unless (@expect_seen) { die("No --expect before --send"); }
165 my $ret = ($n eq "sendcont") ? exp_continue : 0;
166 unshift(@expect_raw, sub { shift->send(eval("\"$v\"")); $ret; });
167 unshift(@expect_raw, @expect_seen);
171 # Options which can be safely specified on the server (via --ssh),
172 # i.e. which cannot cause unwanted local code execution etc.
173 my %opt_spec_safe = (
174 "grub|g:s" => \$grub_config,
175 "grub-preamble=s"=> \$grub_preamble,
176 "grub2-prolog=s" => \$grub2_prolog,
177 "grub2:s" => \$grub2_config,
178 "prefix|grub-prefix=s" => \$grub_prefix,
179 "pulsar-root=s" => \$pulsar_root,
180 "pulsar|p:s" => \$pulsar,
181 "remote-expect=s"=> \$remote_expect,
182 "remote-expect-silent=s"=> sub { $remote_expect=$_[1]; $remote_expect_silent=1; },
183 "remote-expect-timeout=i"=> \$remote_expect_timeout,
184 "uboot-addr=s" => \%uboot_addr,
185 "uboot-cmd=s" => \$uboot_cmd,
186 "uboot-stop-key=s" => \$uboot_stop_key,
187 "uboot-init=s" => sub { push @uboot_init, { command => $_[1] }; },
188 "uboot:s" => \$uboot,
194 "append|a=s" => \@append,
195 "bender|b" => \$bender,
196 "build-dir=s" => sub { my ($n, $v) = @_; $builddir = File::Spec->rel2abs($v); },
197 "concat" => \$concat,
198 "chainloader=s" => \@chainloaders,
199 "dhcp-tftp|d" => \$dhcp_tftp,
200 "dump" => \$dump_opt,
201 "dump-config" => \$dump_config,
202 "exiton=s" => \@exiton,
203 "exiton-timeout=i"=> \$exiton_timeout,
204 "exiton-re=s" => sub { my ($n, $v) = @_; push(@exiton, '-re', $v); },
205 "expect=s" => \&handle_expect,
206 "expect-re=s" => \&handle_expect,
207 "expect-raw=s" => sub { my ($n, $v) = @_; unshift(@expect_raw, eval($v)); },
208 "final-eol!" => \$final_eol,
209 "gen-only" => \$gen_only,
211 "interaction!" => \$interaction,
212 "iprelay=s" => \$iprelay,
213 "iprelay-cmd=s" => \$iprelay_cmd,
214 "iso:s" => \$iso_image,
215 "kernel|k=s" => \$kernel_opt,
216 "interactive|i" => \$interactive,
217 "name=s" => \$config_name_opt,
218 "make|m:s" => \$make,
219 "netif=s" => \$netif,
220 "no-file-gen" => \$no_file_gen,
223 "qemu|Q:s" => \$qemu,
224 "qemu-append=s" => \$qemu_append,
225 "qemu-flags|q=s" => \$qemu_flags_cmd,
226 "remote-cmd=s" => sub { @remote_cmd = ($_[1]); },
228 "reset-cmd=s" => sub { @reset_cmd = ($_[1]); },
229 "reset-send=s" => \$reset_send,
230 "rsync-flags=s" => \$rsync_flags,
231 "scons:s" => \$scons,
232 "scriptmod=s" => \@scriptmod,
233 "send=s" => \&handle_send,
234 "sendcont=s" => \&handle_send,
235 "serial|s:s" => \$serial,
236 "server:s" => \$server,
237 "copy:s" => \$server,
238 "ssh:s" => \&handle_novaboot_server,
239 "strip-rom" => sub { $rom_prefix = ''; },
242 "tftp-port=i" => \$tftp_port,
243 "no-uboot" => sub { undef $uboot; },
248 sub handle_novaboot_server
251 my $xdg_runtime_dir = $ENV{XDG_RUNTIME_DIR} || '/var/run';
252 my $ssh_ctl_path = "${xdg_runtime_dir}/novaboot$$";
254 @remote_cmd = ('ssh', '-tt', '-M', '-S', $ssh_ctl_path, $val, 'console');
255 $remote_expect = "novaboot-shell: Connected";
257 $rsync_flags = "--rsh='ssh -S \'${ssh_ctl_path}\''";
258 ($grub_prefix = $val) =~ s|(.*)@.*|\/$1\/| if index($val, '@') != -1;
259 @reset_cmd = ('ssh', '-tt', '-S', $ssh_ctl_path, $val, 'reset');
261 $target_power_off = sub { system_verbose('ssh', '-tt', '-S', $ssh_ctl_path, $val, 'off'); };
262 $target_power_on = sub { system_verbose('ssh', '-tt', '-S', $ssh_ctl_path, $val, 'on'); };
264 my $cmd = "ssh '${val}' get-config";
265 print STDERR "novaboot: Running: $cmd\n";
266 my @target_config = qx($cmd < /dev/null);
267 if ($?) { die("Cannot get target configuration from the server"); }
268 printf "novaboot: Received configuration from the server:%s\n", (!@target_config) ? " empty" : "";
269 foreach (@target_config) { chomp; print " $_\n"; }
271 my $p = Getopt::Long::Parser->new;
272 $p->configure(qw/no_ignore_case no_pass_through/);
273 $p->getoptionsfromarray(\@target_config, %opt_spec_safe) or die("Error processing configuration from the server");
275 if (scalar @target_config) { die "Unsuported configuration received from the server: ".join(", ", @target_config); }
278 # First process target options
280 my $t = defined($explicit_target) ? $explicit_target : $CFG::default_target;
282 Getopt::Long::Configure(qw/no_ignore_case pass_through/);
284 exists $CFG::targets{$t} or die("Unknown target '$t' (valid targets are: ".join(", ", sort keys(%CFG::targets)).")");
286 undef $explicit_target;
287 my ($ret, $remaining_args) = GetOptionsFromString ($CFG::targets{$t}, ("target|t=s" => \$explicit_target));
288 if (!$ret) { die "Error parsing target $t option"; }
289 push(@target_expanded, @$remaining_args);
290 $t = $explicit_target;
293 my @args = (@target_expanded, @ARGV);
294 print STDERR "novaboot: Effective options: @args\n";
296 Getopt::Long::Configure(qw/no_ignore_case no_pass_through/);
297 GetOptionsFromArray(\@target_expanded, %opt_spec) or die ("Error in target definition");
300 # Then process other command line options - some of them may override
301 # what was specified by the target
302 GetOptions %opt_spec or die("Error in command line arguments");
303 pod2usage(1) if $help;
304 pod2usage(-exitstatus => 0, -verbose => 2) if $man;
306 ### Dump sanitized configuration (if requested)
310 $Data::Dumper::Indent=1;
311 print "# This file is in perl syntax.\n";
312 foreach my $key(sort(keys(%CFG::))) { # See "Symbol Tables" in perlmod(1)
313 if (defined ${$CFG::{$key}}) { print Data::Dumper->Dump([${$CFG::{$key}}], ["*$key"]); }
314 if ( @{$CFG::{$key}}) { print Data::Dumper->Dump([\@{$CFG::{$key}}], ["*$key"]); }
315 if ( %{$CFG::{$key}}) { print Data::Dumper->Dump([\%{$CFG::{$key}}], ["*$key"]); }
321 ### Sanitize configuration
323 if ($interactive && !-t STDIN) {
324 die("novaboot: Interactive mode not supported when not on terminal");
327 if (defined $config_name_opt && scalar(@ARGV) > 1) { die "You cannot use --name with multiple scripts"; }
330 $iso_image //= ''; # IDE-R needs an ISO image
331 if (!defined $amt) { die "Error: --ider requires --amt"; }
335 my %input_opts = ('--iprelay' => \$iprelay,
336 '--iprelay-cmd'=> \$iprelay_cmd,
337 '--serial' => \$serial,
338 '--remote-cmd' => (@remote_cmd ? \$remote_cmd[0] : undef),
340 my @opts = grep(defined(${$input_opts{$_}}) , keys %input_opts);
342 die("novaboot: More than one target connection option: ".join(', ', @opts)) if scalar @opts > 1;
346 if (defined $serial) {
347 $serial ||= "/dev/ttyUSB0";
348 $ENV{NB_SERIAL} = $serial;
350 if (defined $grub_config) { $grub_config ||= "menu.lst"; }
351 if (defined $grub2_config) { $grub2_config ||= "./boot/grub/grub.cfg"; }
353 ## Parse the novaboot script(s)
358 my ($modules, $variables, $generated, $copy, $chainload, $continuation) = ([], {}, [], []);
359 my $skip_reading = defined($on_opt) || defined($off_opt);
360 while (!$skip_reading && ($_ = <>)) {
361 if ($ARGV ne $last_fn) { # New script
362 die "Missing EOF in $last_fn" if $file;
363 die "Unfinished line in $last_fn" if $continuation;
365 push @scripts, { 'filename' => $ARGV,
366 'modules' => $modules = [],
367 'variables' => $variables = {},
368 'generated' => $generated = [],
369 'copy' => $copy = [],
370 'chainload' => $chainload = [],
375 next if /^#/ || /^\s*$/; # Skip comments and empty lines
377 $_ =~ s/^[[:space:]]*// if ($continuation);
379 if (/\\$/) { # Line continuation
380 $continuation .= substr($_, 0, length($_)-1);
384 if ($continuation) { # Last continuation line
385 $_ = $continuation . $_;
389 foreach my $mod(@scriptmod) { eval $mod; }
391 if ($file && $_ eq $EOF) { # Heredoc end
395 if ($file) { # Heredoc content
396 push @{$file}, "$_\n";
399 if (/^([A-Z_]+)=(.*)$/) { # Internal variable
400 $$variables{$1} = $2;
401 push(@exiton, $2) if ($1 eq "EXITON");
402 $interaction = $2 if ($1 eq "INTERACTION");
405 sub process_load_copy($) {
406 die("novaboot: '$last_fn' line $.: Missing file name\n") unless /^[^ <]+/;
407 if (/^([^ ]*)(.*?)[[:space:]]*<<([^ ]*)$/) { # Heredoc start
409 push @$generated, {filename => $1, content => $file};
413 if (/^([^ ]*)(.*?)[[:space:]]*< ?(.*)$/) { # Command substitution
414 push @$generated, {filename => $1, command => $3};
417 s/\s*$//; # Strip trailing whitespace
420 if (s/^load *//) { # Load line
421 push @$modules, process_load_copy($_);
424 if (s/^copy *//) { # Copy line
425 push @$copy, process_load_copy($_);
428 if (s/^chld *//) { # Chainload line
429 push @$chainload, process_load_copy($_);
432 if (/^run (.*)/) { # run line
433 push @$generated, {command => $1};
436 if (/^uboot(?::([0-9]+)s)? +(< *)?(.*)/) { # uboot line
437 # TODO: If U-Boot supports some interactive menu, it might
438 # make sense to store uboot lines per novaboot script.
439 my ($timeout, $redir, $string, $dest) = ($1, $2, $3);
440 if ($string =~ /(.*) *> *(.*)/) {
444 push @uboot_init, { command => $redir ? "" : $string,
445 system => $redir ? $string : "",
452 die("novaboot: Cannot parse script '$last_fn' line $.. Didn't you forget 'load' keyword?\n");
455 # print Dumper(\@scripts);
457 foreach my $script (@scripts) {
458 $modules = $$script{modules};
459 @$modules[0] =~ s/^[^ ]*/$kernel_opt/ if $kernel_opt;
460 @$modules[0] .= ' ' . join(' ', @append) if @append;
463 if (exists $variables->{KERNEL}) {
464 $kernel = $variables->{KERNEL};
466 if ($CFG::hypervisor) {
467 $kernel = $CFG::hypervisor . " ";
468 if (exists $variables->{HYPERVISOR_PARAMS}) {
469 $kernel .= $variables->{HYPERVISOR_PARAMS};
471 $kernel .= $CFG::hypervisor_params;
475 @$modules = ($kernel, @$modules) if $kernel;
476 @$modules = (@chainloaders, @$modules);
477 @$modules = ("bin/boot/bender", @$modules) if ($bender || defined $ENV{'NOVABOOT_BENDER'});
481 foreach my $script (@scripts) {
482 print join("\n", @{$$script{modules}})."\n";
489 sub generate_configs($$$) {
490 my ($base, $generated, $filename) = @_;
491 if ($base) { $base = "$base/"; };
492 foreach my $g(@$generated) {
493 if (exists $$g{content}) {
494 my $config = $$g{content};
495 my $fn = $$g{filename};
496 open(my $f, '>', $fn) || die("$fn: $!");
497 map { s|\brom://([^ ]*)|$rom_prefix$base$1|g; print $f "$_"; } @{$config};
499 print STDERR "novaboot: Created $fn\n";
500 } elsif (exists $$g{command} && ! $no_file_gen) {
501 $ENV{SRCDIR} = dirname(File::Spec->rel2abs( $filename, $invocation_dir ));
502 if (exists $$g{filename}) {
503 system_verbose("( $$g{command} ) > $$g{filename}");
505 system_verbose($$g{command});
511 sub generate_grub_config($$$$;$)
513 my ($filename, $title, $base, $modules_ref, $preamble) = @_;
514 if ($base) { $base = "$base/"; };
515 open(my $fg, '>', $filename) or die "$filename: $!";
516 print $fg "$preamble\n" if $preamble;
517 print $fg "title $title\n" if $title;
518 #print $fg "root $base\n"; # root doesn't really work for (nd)
520 foreach (@$modules_ref) {
523 my ($kbin, $kcmd) = split(' ', $_, 2);
524 $kcmd = '' if !defined $kcmd;
525 print $fg "kernel ${base}$kbin $kcmd\n";
527 s|\brom://([^ ]*)|$rom_prefix$base$1|g; # Translate rom:// files - needed for vdisk parameter of sigma0
528 print $fg "module $base$_\n";
532 print("novaboot: Created $builddir/$filename\n");
536 sub generate_syslinux_config($$$$)
538 my ($filename, $title, $base, $modules_ref) = @_;
539 if ($base && $base !~ /\/$/) { $base = "$base/"; };
540 open(my $fg, '>', $filename) or die "$filename: $!";
541 print $fg "LABEL $title\n";
542 #TODO print $fg "MENU LABEL $human_readable_title\n";
544 my ($kbin, $kcmd) = split(' ', @$modules_ref[0], 2);
546 if (system("file $kbin|grep 'Linux kernel'") == 0) {
547 my $initrd = @$modules_ref[1];
548 die('Too many "load" lines for Linux kernel') if (scalar @$modules_ref > 2);
549 print $fg "LINUX $base$kbin\n";
550 print $fg "APPEND $kcmd\n";
551 print $fg "INITRD $base$initrd\n";
553 print $fg "KERNEL mboot.c32\n";
555 foreach (@$modules_ref) {
556 s|\brom://([^ ]*)|$rom_prefix$base$1|g; # Translate rom:// files - needed for vdisk parameter of sigma0
557 push @append, "$base$_";
558 print $fg "APPEND ".join(' --- ', @append)."\n";
561 #TODO print $fg "TEXT HELP\n";
562 #TODO print $fg "some help here\n";
563 #TODO print $fg "ENDTEXT\n";
565 print("novaboot: Created $builddir/$filename\n");
569 sub generate_grub2_config($$$$;$$)
571 my ($filename, $title, $base, $modules_ref, $preamble, $prolog) = @_;
572 if ($base && substr($base,-1,1) ne '/') { $base = "$base/"; };
573 my $dir = dirname($filename);
577 open(my $fg, '>', $filename) or die "$filename: $!";
578 print $fg "$preamble\n" if $preamble;
579 $title ||= 'novaboot';
580 print $fg "menuentry $title {\n";
581 print $fg "$prolog\n" if $prolog;
583 my $boot_method = $variables->{BOOT_METHOD} // "multiboot";
584 my $module_load_method = "module";
585 if ($boot_method eq "linux") {
586 $module_load_method = "initrd";
588 foreach (@$modules_ref) {
591 my ($kbin, $kcmd) = split(' ', $_, 2);
592 $kcmd = '' if !defined $kcmd;
593 print $fg " $boot_method ${base}$kbin $kcmd\n";
596 # GRUB2 doesn't pass filename in multiboot info so we have to duplicate it here
597 $_ = join(' ', ($args[0], @args));
598 s|\brom://|$rom_prefix|g; # We do not need to translate path for GRUB2
599 print $fg " $module_load_method $base$_\n";
604 print("novaboot: Created $builddir/$filename\n");
608 sub generate_pulsar_config($$$)
610 my ($filename, $modules_ref, $chainload_ref) = @_;
611 open(my $fg, '>', $filename) or die "$filename: $!";
612 print $fg "root $pulsar_root\n" if defined $pulsar_root;
613 if (scalar(@$chainload_ref) > 0) {
614 print $fg "chld $$chainload_ref[0]\n";
618 foreach (@$modules_ref) {
621 ($kbin, $kcmd) = split(' ', $_, 2);
622 $kcmd = '' if !defined $kcmd;
625 s|\brom://|$rom_prefix|g;
626 print $fg "load $_\n";
629 # Put kernel as last - this is needed for booting Linux and has no influence on non-Linux OSes
630 print $fg "exec $kbin $kcmd\n";
633 print("novaboot: Created $builddir/$filename\n");
637 sub shell_cmd_string(@)
639 if (scalar(@_) == 1) {
642 return join(' ', map((/^[-_=a-zA-Z0-9\/\.\+]+$/ ? "$_" : "'$_'"), @_));
648 print STDERR "novaboot: Running: ".shell_cmd_string(@_)."\n";
650 exit(1); # should not be reached
655 print STDERR "novaboot: Running: ".shell_cmd_string(@_)."\n";
656 my $ret = system(@_);
657 if ($ret & 0x007f) { die("Command terminated by a signal"); }
658 if ($ret & 0xff00) {die("Command exit with non-zero exit code"); }
659 if ($ret) { die("Command failure $ret"); }
664 $str =~ s/^\s+|\s+$//g;
670 if (exists $variables->{WVDESC}) {
671 print STDERR "Testing \"$variables->{WVDESC}\" in $last_fn:\n";
672 } elsif ($last_fn =~ /\.wv$/) {
673 print STDERR "Testing \"all\" in $last_fn:\n";
676 ## Connect to the target and check whether it is not occupied
678 # We have to do this before file generation phase, because file
679 # generation is intermixed with file deployment phase and we want to
680 # check whether the target is not used by somebody else before
681 # deploying files. Otherwise, we may rewrite other user's files on a
684 my $exp; # Expect object to communicate with the target over serial line
686 sub kill_exp_on_signal() {
687 # Sometimes, under unclear circumstances (e.g. when running under
688 # both Jenkins and Robotframework), novaboot does not terminate
689 # console command when killed. The console is then blocked by the
690 # stale process forever. Theoretically, this should not happen,
691 # because when novaboot is killed, console command's controlling
692 # terminal sends SIGHUP to the console command and the command
693 # should terminate. It seems that at least SSH sometimes ignores
694 # HUP and does not terminate. The code below seems to work around
695 # that problem by killing the process immediately with SIGTERM,
696 # which is not ignored.
698 sub kill_console { kill TERM => $exp->pid if $exp->pid; die "Terminated by SIG$_[0]"; };
700 # For our Jenkins/Robotframework use case, it was sufficient to
701 # handle the TERM signal, but to be on the safe side, we also
702 # catch other signals.
703 $SIG{TERM} = \&kill_console;
704 $SIG{HUP} = \&kill_console;
705 $SIG{INT} = \&kill_console;
706 $SIG{QUIT} = \&kill_console;
710 my ($amt_user, $amt_password, $amt_host, $amt_port);
712 if (defined $iprelay || defined $iprelay_cmd) {
713 if (defined $iprelay) {
715 $iprelay =~ /([.0-9]+)(:([0-9]+))?/;
718 my $paddr = sockaddr_in($port, inet_aton($addr));
719 my $proto = getprotobyname('tcp');
720 socket($IPRELAY, PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, $proto) || die "socket: $!";
721 print STDERR "novaboot: Connecting to IP relay... ";
722 connect($IPRELAY, $paddr) || die "connect: $!";
723 print STDERR "done\n";
724 $exp = Expect->init(\*$IPRELAY);
727 if (defined $iprelay_cmd) {
728 print STDERR "novaboot: Running: $iprelay_cmd\n";
731 $exp->spawn($iprelay_cmd);
732 kill_exp_on_signal();
736 print $exp "\xFF\xF6"; # AYT
737 my $connected = $exp->expect(20, # Timeout in seconds
738 '<iprelayd: connected>',
739 '-re', '<WEB51 HW[^>]*>')
740 || die "iprelay connection: " . ($! || "timeout");
745 my ($relay, $onoff) = @_;
746 die unless ($relay == 1 || $relay == 2);
748 my $cmd = ($relay == 1 ? 0x5 : 0x6) | ($onoff ? 0x20 : 0x10);
749 return "\xFF\xFA\x2C\x32".chr($cmd)."\xFF\xF0";
753 my ($relay, $onoff) = @_;
754 die unless ($relay == 1 || $relay == 2);
755 my $cmd = ($relay == 1 ? 0xdf : 0xbf) | ($onoff ? 0x00 : 0xff);
756 return "\xFF\xFA\x2C\x97".chr($cmd)."\xFF\xF0";
760 my ($relay, $onoff, $can_giveup) = @_;
761 my $confirmation = '';
763 print $exp relaycmd($relay, $onoff);
764 my $confirmed = $exp->expect(20, # Timeout in seconds
765 relayconf($relay, $onoff))
766 || die "iprelay command: " . ($! || "timeout");
769 print("Relay confirmation timeout - ignoring\n");
771 die "Relay confirmation timeout";
777 $target_reset = sub {
778 relay(2, 1, 1); # Reset the machine
783 $target_power_off = sub {
784 relay(1, 1); # Press power button
785 usleep(6000000); # Long press to switch off
789 $target_power_on = sub {
790 relay(1, 1); # Press power button
791 usleep(100000); # Short press
797 system_verbose("stty -F $serial $stty");
798 open($CONN, "+<", $serial) || die "open $serial: $!";
799 $exp = Expect->init(\*$CONN);
801 elsif (@remote_cmd) {
802 print STDERR "novaboot: Running: ".shell_cmd_string(@remote_cmd)."\n";
803 $exp = Expect->spawn(@remote_cmd);
804 kill_exp_on_signal();
806 elsif (defined $amt) {
807 require LWP::UserAgent;
808 require LWP::Authen::Digest;
811 my ($host, $username, $password, $schema, $className, $pstate) = @_;
812 #AMT numbers for PowerStateChange (MNI => bluescreen on windows;-)
813 my %pstates = ("on" => 2,
820 <s:Envelope xmlns:s="http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope" xmlns:a="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2004/08/addressing" xmlns:w="http://schemas.dmtf.org/wbem/wsman/1/wsman.xsd">
821 <s:Header><a:To>http://$host:16992/wsman</a:To>
822 <w:ResourceURI s:mustUnderstand="true">$schema</w:ResourceURI>
823 <a:ReplyTo><a:Address s:mustUnderstand="true">http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2004/08/addressing/role/anonymous</a:Address></a:ReplyTo>
824 <a:Action s:mustUnderstand="true">$schema$className</a:Action>
825 <w:MaxEnvelopeSize s:mustUnderstand="true">153600</w:MaxEnvelopeSize>
826 <a:MessageID>uuid:709072C9-609C-4B43-B301-075004043C7C</a:MessageID>
827 <w:Locale xml:lang="en-US" s:mustUnderstand="false" />
828 <w:OperationTimeout>PT60.000S</w:OperationTimeout>
829 <w:SelectorSet><w:Selector Name="Name">Intel(r) AMT Power Management Service</w:Selector></w:SelectorSet>
831 <p:RequestPowerStateChange_INPUT xmlns:p="http://schemas.dmtf.org/wbem/wscim/1/cim-schema/2/CIM_PowerManagementService">
832 <p:PowerState>$pstates{$pstate}</p:PowerState>
833 <p:ManagedElement><a:Address>http://$host:16992/wsman</a:Address>
834 <a:ReferenceParameters><w:ResourceURI>http://schemas.dmtf.org/wbem/wscim/1/cim-schema/2/CIM_ComputerSystem</w:ResourceURI>
835 <w:SelectorSet><w:Selector Name="Name">ManagedSystem</w:Selector></w:SelectorSet>
836 </a:ReferenceParameters></p:ManagedElement>
837 </p:RequestPowerStateChange_INPUT>
838 </s:Body></s:Envelope>
843 my ($host, $username, $password, $content) = @_;
845 my $ua = LWP::UserAgent->new();
846 $ua->agent("novaboot");
848 my $req = HTTP::Request->new(POST => "http://$host:16992/wsman");
849 my $res = $ua->request($req);
850 die ("Unexpected AMT response: " . $res->status_line) unless $res->code == 401;
852 my ($realm) = $res->header("WWW-Authenticate") =~ /Digest realm="(.*?)"/;
853 $ua->credentials("$host:16992", $realm, $username => $password);
856 $req = HTTP::Request->new(POST => "http://$host:16992/wsman");
857 $req->content_type('application/x-www-form-urlencoded');
858 $req->content($content);
859 $res = $ua->request($req);
860 die ("AMT power change request failed: " . $res->status_line) unless $res->is_success;
861 $res->content() =~ /<g:ReturnValue>(\d+)<\/g:ReturnValue>/;
866 my ($host, $username, $password, $pstate)=@_;
867 my $schema="http://schemas.dmtf.org/wbem/wscim/1/cim-schema/2/CIM_PowerManagementService";
868 my $className="/RequestPowerStateChange";
869 my $content = genXML($host, $username, $password ,$schema, $className, $pstate);
870 return sendPOST($host, $username, $password, $content);
873 ($amt_user,$amt_password,$amt_host,$amt_port) = ($amt =~ /(?:(.*?)(?::(.*))?@)?([^:]*)(?::([0-9]*))?/);;
874 $amt_user ||= "admin";
875 $amt_password ||= $ENV{'AMT_PASSWORD'} || die "AMT password not specified";
876 $amt_host || die "AMT host not specified";
880 $target_power_off = sub {
882 my $result = powerChange($amt_host,$amt_user,$amt_password, "off");
883 die "AMT power off failed (ReturnValue $result)" if $result != 0;
886 $target_power_on = sub {
887 my $result = powerChange($amt_host,$amt_user,$amt_password, "on");
888 die "AMT power on failed (ReturnValue $result)" if $result != 0;
891 $target_reset = sub {
892 my $result = powerChange($amt_host,$amt_user,$amt_password, "reset");
894 print STDERR "Warning: Cannot reset $amt_host, trying power on. ";
895 $result = powerChange($amt_host,$amt_user,$amt_password, "on");
897 die "AMT reset failed (ReturnValue $result)" if $result != 0;
900 my $cmd = "amtterm -u $amt_user -p $amt_password $amt_host $amt_port";
901 print STDERR "novaboot: Running: $cmd\n" =~ s/\Q$amt_password\E/???/r;
902 $exp = Expect->spawn($cmd);
903 $exp->expect(10, "RUN_SOL") || die "Expect for 'RUN_SOL': " . ($! || "timeout");
907 if ($remote_expect) {
908 $exp || die("No serial line connection");
909 my $log = $exp->log_stdout;
910 if (defined $remote_expect_silent) {
913 $exp->expect($remote_expect_timeout >= 0 ? $remote_expect_timeout : undef,
914 $remote_expect) || die "Expect for '$remote_expect':" . ($! || "timeout");;
915 if (defined $remote_expect_silent) {
916 $exp->log_stdout($log);
917 print $exp->after() if $log;
922 $target_reset = sub {
923 system_verbose(@reset_cmd);
927 if (defined $reset_send) {
928 $target_reset = sub {
929 $reset_send =~ s/\\n/\n/g;
930 $exp->send($reset_send);
934 if (defined $on_opt && defined $target_power_on) {
938 if (defined $off_opt && defined $target_power_off) {
939 print STDERR "novaboot: Switching the target off...\n";
940 &$target_power_off();
944 $builddir ||= dirname(File::Spec->rel2abs( ${$scripts[0]}{filename})) if scalar @scripts;
945 if (defined $builddir) {
946 chdir($builddir) or die "Can't change directory to $builddir: $!";
947 print STDERR "novaboot: Entering directory `$builddir'\n";
949 $builddir = $invocation_dir;
952 ## File generation phase
953 my (%files_iso, $menu_iso, $filename);
954 my $config_name = '';
957 foreach my $script (@scripts) {
958 $filename = $$script{filename};
959 $modules = $$script{modules};
960 $generated = $$script{generated};
961 $variables = $$script{variables};
963 ($config_name = $filename) =~ s#.*/##;
964 $config_name = $config_name_opt if (defined $config_name_opt);
966 if (exists $variables->{BUILDDIR}) {
967 $builddir = File::Spec->rel2abs($variables->{BUILDDIR});
968 chdir($builddir) or die "Can't change directory to $builddir: $!";
969 print STDERR "novaboot: Entering directory `$builddir'\n";
973 $prefix = $grub_prefix;
974 $prefix =~ s/\$NAME/$config_name/;
975 $prefix =~ s/\$BUILDDIR/$builddir/;
977 # TODO: use $grub_prefix as first parameter if some switch is given
978 generate_configs('', $generated, $filename);
980 ### Generate bootloader configuration files
981 my @bootloader_configs;
982 push @bootloader_configs, generate_grub_config($grub_config, $config_name, $prefix, $modules, $grub_preamble) if (defined $grub_config);
983 push @bootloader_configs, generate_grub2_config($grub2_config, $config_name, $prefix, $modules, $grub_preamble, $grub2_prolog) if (defined $grub2_config);
984 push @bootloader_configs, generate_pulsar_config('config-'.($pulsar||'novaboot'), $modules, $chainload) if (defined $pulsar);
986 ### Run scons or make
989 push @all, @$modules;
991 push @all, @$chainload;
992 my @files = map({ ($file) = m/([^ ]*)/; $file; } @all);
994 # Filter-out generated files
995 my @to_build = grep({ my $file = $_; !scalar(grep($file eq ($$_{filename} || ''), @$generated)) } @files);
997 system_verbose($scons || $CFG::scons." ".join(" ", @to_build)) if (defined $scons);
998 system_verbose($make || $CFG::make ." ".join(" ", @to_build)) if (defined $make);
1001 ### Copy files (using rsync)
1002 if (defined $server && !defined($gen_only)) {
1003 (my $real_server = $server) =~ s/\$NAME/$config_name/;
1005 my ($hostname, $path) = split(":", $real_server, 2);
1006 if (! defined $path) {
1010 my $files = join(" ", map({ ($file) = m/([^ ]*)/; $file; } ( @$modules, @bootloader_configs, @$copy)));
1011 map({ my $file = (split)[0]; die "Not a file: $file: $!" if ! -e $file || -d $file; } @$modules);
1012 my $istty = -t STDOUT && ($ENV{'TERM'} || 'dumb') ne 'dumb';
1013 my $progress = $istty ? "--progress" : "";
1015 system_verbose("rsync $progress -RL --chmod=ugo=rwX $rsync_flags $files $real_server");
1016 if ($server =~ m|/\$NAME$| && $concat) {
1017 my $cmd = join("; ", map { "( cd $path/.. && cat */$_ > $_ )" } @bootloader_configs);
1018 system_verbose($hostname ? "ssh $hostname '$cmd'" : $cmd);
1023 ### Prepare ISO image generation
1024 if (defined $iso_image) {
1025 generate_configs("(cd)", $generated, $filename);
1027 generate_syslinux_config(\$menu, $config_name, "/", $modules);
1028 $menu_iso .= "$menu\n";
1029 map { ($file,undef) = split; $files_iso{$file} = 1; } @$modules;
1033 ## Generate ISO image
1034 if (defined $iso_image) {
1035 system_verbose("mkdir -p isolinux");
1038 if (-f '/usr/lib/ISOLINUX/isolinux.bin') {
1039 # Newer ISOLINUX version
1040 @files = qw(/usr/lib/ISOLINUX/isolinux.bin /usr/lib/syslinux/modules/bios/mboot.c32 /usr/lib/syslinux/modules/bios/libcom32.c32 /usr/lib/syslinux/modules/bios/menu.c32 /usr/lib/syslinux/modules/bios/ldlinux.c32);
1041 } elsif (-f '/usr/lib/syslinux/isolinux.bin') {
1042 # Older ISOLINUX version
1043 @files = qw(/usr/lib/syslinux/isolinux.bin /usr/lib/syslinux/mboot.c32 /usr/lib/syslinux/menu.c32);
1045 # NixOS and maybe others
1046 my $syslinux = `which syslinux` || die "Cannot find syslinux";
1048 $syslinux =~ s,/bin/syslinux$,,;
1049 @files = ("$syslinux/share/syslinux/isolinux.bin", "$syslinux/share/syslinux/mboot.c32", "$syslinux/share/syslinux/libcom32.c32", "$syslinux/share/syslinux/menu.c32", "$syslinux/share/syslinux/ldlinux.c32");
1051 system_verbose("cp @files isolinux && chmod +w isolinux/*");
1052 open(my $fh, ">isolinux/isolinux.cfg");
1054 print $fh "TIMEOUT 50\n";
1055 print $fh "DEFAULT menu\n";
1057 print $fh "DEFAULT $config_name\n";
1059 print $fh "$menu_iso";
1062 my $files = join(" ", map("$_=$_", (keys(%files_iso), 'isolinux/isolinux.cfg', map(s|.*/|isolinux/|r, @files))));
1063 $iso_image ||= "$config_name.iso";
1065 # Note: We use -U flag below to "Allow 'untranslated' filenames,
1066 # completely violating the ISO9660 standards". Without this
1067 # option, isolinux is not able to read files names for example
1069 system_verbose("$CFG::genisoimage -R -b isolinux/isolinux.bin -c isolinux/boot.cat -no-emul-boot -boot-load-size 4 -boot-info-table -hide-rr-moved -U -o $iso_image -graft-points $files");
1070 print("ISO image created: $builddir/$iso_image\n");
1073 exit(0) if defined $gen_only;
1075 ## Boot the system using various methods and send serial output to stdout
1077 if (scalar(@scripts) > 1 && ( defined $dhcp_tftp || defined $serial || defined $iprelay)) {
1078 die "You cannot do this with multiple scripts simultaneously";
1081 if ($variables->{WVTEST_TIMEOUT}) {
1082 print STDERR "wvtest: timeout ", $variables->{WVTEST_TIMEOUT}, "\n";
1087 if (defined $qemu) {
1089 $qemu ||= $variables->{QEMU} || $CFG::qemu;
1090 my @qemu_flags = split(" ", $qemu);
1091 $qemu = shift(@qemu_flags);
1093 @qemu_flags = split(/ +/, trim($variables->{QEMU_FLAGS})) if exists $variables->{QEMU_FLAGS};
1094 @qemu_flags = split(/ +/, trim($qemu_flags_cmd)) if $qemu_flags_cmd;
1095 push(@qemu_flags, split(/ +/, trim($qemu_append || '')));
1097 if (defined $iso_image) {
1098 # Boot NOVA with grub (and test the iso image)
1099 push(@qemu_flags, ('-cdrom', $iso_image));
1101 # Boot NOVA without GRUB
1103 # Non-patched qemu doesn't like commas, but NUL can live with pluses instead of commans
1104 foreach (@$modules) {s/,/+/g;}
1105 generate_configs("", $generated, $filename);
1107 if (scalar @$modules) {
1108 my ($kbin, $kcmd) = split(' ', shift(@$modules), 2);
1109 $kcmd = '' if !defined $kcmd;
1111 @$modules = map { if (/\.dtb$/) { $dtb=$_; (); } else { $_ } } @$modules;
1112 my $initrd = join ",", @$modules;
1114 push(@qemu_flags, ('-kernel', $kbin, '-append', $kcmd));
1115 push(@qemu_flags, ('-initrd', $initrd)) if $initrd;
1116 push(@qemu_flags, ('-dtb', $dtb)) if $dtb;
1119 if (!grep /^-serial$/, @qemu_flags) {
1120 push(@qemu_flags, qw(-serial stdio)); # Redirect serial output (for collecting test restuls)
1122 unshift(@qemu_flags, ('-name', $config_name));
1123 print STDERR "novaboot: Running: ".shell_cmd_string($qemu, @qemu_flags)."\n";
1124 $exp = Expect->spawn(($qemu, @qemu_flags)) || die("exec() failed: $!");
1127 ### Local DHCPD and TFTPD
1129 my ($dhcpd_pid, $tftpd_pid);
1131 $tftp=1 if $tftp_port;
1133 if (defined $dhcp_tftp)
1135 generate_configs("(nd)", $generated, $filename);
1136 system_verbose('mkdir -p tftpboot');
1137 generate_grub_config("tftpboot/os-menu.lst", $config_name, "(nd)", \@$modules, "timeout 0");
1138 open(my $fh, '>', 'dhcpd.conf');
1139 my $mac = `cat /sys/class/net/$netif/address`;
1141 print $fh "subnet 10.23.23.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
1142 range 10.23.23.10 10.23.23.100;
1143 filename \"bin/boot/grub/pxegrub.pxe\";
1144 next-server 10.23.23.1;
1147 hardware ethernet $mac;
1148 fixed-address 10.23.23.1;
1151 system_verbose("sudo ip a add 10.23.23.1/24 dev $netif;
1152 sudo ip l set dev $netif up;
1153 sudo touch dhcpd.leases");
1155 # We run servers by forking ourselves, because the servers end up
1156 # in our process group and get killed by signals sent to the
1157 # process group (e.g. Ctrl-C on terminal).
1158 $dhcpd_pid = fork();
1159 exec_verbose("sudo dhcpd -d -cf dhcpd.conf -lf dhcpd.leases -pf dhcpd.pid") if ($dhcpd_pid == 0);
1162 if (defined $dhcp_tftp || defined $tftp) {
1164 my $tftp_root = "$builddir";
1165 $tftp_root = "$server" if(defined $server);
1167 # Prepare a GRUB netboot directory
1168 system_verbose("grub-mknetdir --net-directory=$tftp_root") if (defined $grub2_config);
1170 # Generate TFTP mapfile
1171 open(my $fh, '>', "$tftp_root/mapfile");
1172 print $fh "# Some PXE clients (mainly UEFI) have bug. They add zero byte to the end of the
1173 # path name. This rule removes it
1176 # Unfortunately, tftpd requires root privileges even with
1177 # non-privileged (>1023) port due to initgroups().
1178 system_verbose("sudo in.tftpd --listen --secure -v -v -v --pidfile $builddir/tftpd.pid -m mapfile --address :$tftp_port $tftp_root");
1180 # Kill server when we die
1181 $SIG{__DIE__} = sub { system_verbose('sudo pkill --pidfile=dhcpd.pid') if (defined $dhcp_tftp);
1182 system_verbose('sudo pkill --pidfile=tftpd.pid'); };
1184 # We have to kill tftpd explicitely, because it is not in our process group
1185 $SIG{INT} = sub { system_verbose('sudo pkill --pidfile=tftpd.pid'); exit(0); };
1189 if (defined $ider) {
1190 my $ider_cmd= "amtider -c $iso_image -u $amt_user -p $amt_password $amt_host $amt_port" ;
1191 print STDERR "novaboot: Running: $ider_cmd\n" =~ s/\Q$amt_password\E/???/r;
1192 my $ider_pid = fork();
1193 if ($ider_pid == 0) {
1195 die "IDE redirection failed";
1197 # FIXME: This collides with --tftp option. Hopefully, nobody needs
1198 # to use both simultaneously.
1199 $SIG{__DIE__} = sub { system_verbose('kill $ider_pid'); };
1202 ### Reset target (IP relay, AMT, ...)
1204 if (defined $target_reset && $reset) {
1205 print STDERR "novaboot: Resetting the test box... ";
1207 print STDERR "done\n";
1209 # We don't want to output anything printed by the target
1210 # before reset so we clear the buffers now. This is, however,
1211 # not ideal because we may loose some data that were sent
1212 # after the reset. If this is a problem, one should reset and
1213 # connect to serial line in atomic manner. For example, if
1214 # supported by hardware, use --remote-cmd 'sterm -d ...' and
1215 # do not use separate --reset-cmd.
1216 my $log = $exp->log_stdout;
1217 $exp->log_stdout(0);
1218 $exp->expect(0); # Read data from target
1219 $exp->clear_accum(); # Clear the read data
1220 $exp->log_stdout($log);
1224 ### U-boot conversation
1225 if (defined $uboot) {
1226 my $uboot_prompt = $uboot || '=> ';
1227 print STDERR "novaboot: Waiting for U-Boot prompt...\n";
1228 $exp || die("No serial line connection");
1229 $exp->log_stdout(1);
1230 #$exp->exp_internal(1);
1232 [qr/Hit any key to stop autoboot:/, sub {
1233 $exp->send($uboot_stop_key // "\n");
1235 $uboot_prompt) || die "No U-Boot prompt deteceted";
1236 foreach my $cmdspec (@uboot_init) {
1237 my ($cmd, $timeout);
1238 die "Internal error - please report a bug" unless ref($cmdspec) eq "HASH";
1240 if ($cmdspec->{system}) {
1241 $cmd = `$cmdspec->{system}`;
1243 $cmd = $cmdspec->{command};
1245 $timeout = $cmdspec->{timeout} // 10;
1247 if ($cmd =~ /\$NB_MYIP/) {
1248 my $ip = (grep /inet /, `ip addr show $netif`)[0] || die "Problem determining IP address of $netif";
1249 $ip =~ s/\s*inet ([0-9.]*).*/$1/;
1250 $cmd =~ s/\$NB_MYIP/$ip/g;
1252 if ($cmd =~ /\$NB_PREFIX/) {
1255 $cmd =~ s/\$NB_PREFIX/$p/g;
1258 $exp->send("$cmd\n");
1260 my ($matched_pattern_position, $error,
1261 $successfully_matching_string,
1262 $before_match, $after_match) =
1263 $exp->expect($timeout, $uboot_prompt);
1264 die "No U-Boot prompt: $error" if $error;
1266 if ($cmdspec->{dest}) {
1267 open(my $fh, ">", $cmdspec->{dest}) or die "Cannot open '$cmdspec->{dest}': $!";
1268 print $fh $before_match;
1273 # Load files if there are some load lines in the script
1274 if (scalar(@$modules) > 0 && !$variables->{NO_BOOT}) {
1275 my ($kbin, $kcmd) = split(' ', shift(@$modules), 2);
1277 @$modules = map { if (/\.dtb$/) { $dtb=$_; (); } else { $_ } } @$modules;
1278 my $initrd = shift @$modules;
1280 if (defined $kbin && $kbin ne '/dev/null') {
1281 die "No '--uboot-addr kernel' given" unless $uboot_addr{kernel};
1282 $exp->send("tftpboot $uboot_addr{kernel} $prefix$kbin\n");
1284 [qr/##/, sub { exp_continue; }],
1285 $uboot_prompt) || die "Kernel load: " . ($! || "timeout");
1288 die "No '--uboot-addr fdt' given" unless $uboot_addr{fdt};
1289 $exp->send("tftpboot $uboot_addr{fdt} $prefix$dtb\n");
1291 [qr/##/, sub { exp_continue; }],
1292 $uboot_prompt) || die "Device tree load: " . ($! || "timeout");
1294 $uboot_addr{fdt} = '';
1296 if (defined $initrd) {
1297 die "No '--uboot-addr ramdisk' given" unless $uboot_addr{ramdisk};
1298 $exp->send("tftpboot $uboot_addr{ramdisk} $prefix$initrd\n");
1300 [qr/##/, sub { exp_continue; }],
1301 $uboot_prompt) || die "Initrd load: " . ($! || "timeout");
1303 $uboot_addr{ramdisk} = '-';
1307 $exp->send("setenv bootargs $kcmd\n");
1308 $exp->expect(5, $uboot_prompt) || die "U-Boot prompt: " . ($! || "timeout");
1311 $uboot_cmd //= $variables->{UBOOT_CMD} // 'bootm $kernel_addr $ramdisk_addr $fdt_addr';
1312 if (!$variables->{NO_BOOT} && $uboot_cmd ne '') {
1313 $uboot_cmd =~ s/\$kernel_addr/$uboot_addr{kernel}/g;
1314 $uboot_cmd =~ s/\$ramdisk_addr/$uboot_addr{ramdisk}/g;
1315 $uboot_cmd =~ s/\$fdt_addr/$uboot_addr{fdt}/g;
1317 $exp->send($uboot_cmd . "\n");
1318 $exp->expect(5, "\n") || die "U-Boot command: " . ($! || "timeout");
1322 ### Serial line interaction
1323 if ($interaction && defined $exp) {
1324 # Serial line of the target is available
1325 my $interrupt = 'Ctrl-C';
1326 if ($interactive && !@exiton) {
1327 $interrupt = '"~~."';
1329 print STDERR "novaboot: Serial line interaction (press $interrupt to interrupt)...\n";
1330 $exp->log_stdout(1);
1332 $exp->expect($exiton_timeout, @exiton, @expect_raw) || die("exiton: " . ($! || "timeout"));
1334 my @inputs = ($exp);
1335 my $infile = new IO::File;
1336 $infile->IO::File::fdopen(*STDIN,'r');
1337 my $in_object = Expect->exp_init($infile);
1338 $in_object->set_group($exp);
1341 $in_object->set_seq('~~\.', sub { print STDERR "novaboot: Escape sequence detected\r\n"; undef; });
1342 $in_object->manual_stty(0); # Use raw terminal mode
1344 $in_object->manual_stty(1); # Do not modify terminal settings
1346 push(@inputs, $in_object);
1348 #print Dumper(\@expect_raw);
1349 $exp->expect(undef, @expect_raw) if @expect_raw;
1351 $^W = 0; # Suppress Expect warning: handle id(3) is not a tty. Not changing mode at /usr/share/perl5/Expect.pm line 393, <> line 8.
1352 Expect::interconnect(@inputs) unless defined($exp->exitstatus);
1357 # When exp-spawned command ignores SIGHUP, Expect waits 5 seconds
1358 # before killing it. We kill it by SIGTERM immediately.
1359 kill TERM => $exp->pid if defined $exp && $exp->pid;
1361 ## Kill dhcpc or tftpd
1362 if (defined $dhcp_tftp || defined $tftp) {
1363 die("novaboot: This should kill servers on background\n");
1366 # Always finish novaboot output with newline
1367 print "\n" if $final_eol;
1375 novaboot - Boots a locally compiled operating system on a remote
1382 B<novaboot> [option]... [--] script...
1384 B<./script> [option]...
1388 Novaboot makes booting of a locally compiled operating system (OS)
1389 (e.g. NOVA or Linux) on remote targets as simple as running a program
1390 locally. It automates things like copying OS images to a TFTP server,
1391 generation of bootloader configuration files, resetting of target
1392 hardware or redirection of target's serial line to stdin/out. Novaboot
1393 is highly configurable and makes it easy to boot a single image on
1394 different targets or different images on a single target.
1396 Novaboot operation is controlled by configuration files, command line
1397 options and by a so-called novaboot script, which can be thought as a
1398 generalization of bootloader configuration files (see L</"NOVABOOT
1399 SCRIPT SYNTAX">). The typical way of using novaboot is to make the
1400 novaboot script executable and set its first line to I<#!/usr/bin/env
1401 novaboot>. Then, booting a particular OS configuration becomes the
1402 same as executing a local program – the novaboot script.
1404 Novaboot uses configuration files to, among other things, define
1405 command line options needed for different targets. Users typically use
1406 only the B<-t>/B<--target> command line option to select the target.
1407 Internally, this option expands to the pre-configured options.
1408 Novaboot searches configuration files at multiple places, which allows
1409 having per-system, per-user or per-project configurations.
1410 Configuration file syntax is described in section L</"CONFIGURATION
1413 Novaboot newcomers may be confused by a large number of configuration
1414 options. Understanding all these options is not always needed,
1415 depending on the used setup. The L<figure from the doc directory
1416 |https://github.com/wentasah/novaboot/blob/master/doc/typical-setups.svg>
1417 shows different setups that vary in how much effort is needed
1418 to configure novaboot for them. The setups are:
1422 =item A: Laptop and target device only
1424 This requires to configure everything on the laptop side, including a
1425 serial line connection (L</--serial>, L</--remote-cmd>, ...), power
1426 on/off/reset commands (L</--reset-cmd>, ...), TFTP server
1427 (L</--copy>, L</--prefix>...), device IP addresses, etc.
1429 =item B: Laptop, target device and external TFTP server
1431 Like the previous setup, but the TFTP (and maybe DHCP) configuration
1432 is handled by a server. Novaboot users need to understand where to
1433 copy their files to the TFTP server (L</--copy>) and which IP
1434 addresses their target will get, but do not need to configure the
1437 =item C: Novaboot server running novaboot-shell
1439 With this setup, the configuration is done on the server. Users only
1440 need to know the SSH account (L</--ssh>) used to communicate between
1441 novaboot and novaboot server. The server is implemented as a
1442 restricted shell (L<novaboot-shell(1)>) on the server. No need to give
1443 full shell access to novaboot users on the server.
1447 =head2 Simple examples of using C<novaboot>:
1449 To boot Linux (files F<bzImage> and F<rootfs.cpio> in current
1450 directory), create F<mylinux> file with this content:
1452 #!/usr/bin/env novaboot
1453 load bzImage console=ttyS0,115200
1460 Booting an OS in Qemu can be accomplished by giving the B<--qemu> option.
1463 novaboot --qemu mylinux
1465 (or C<./mylinux --qemu> as described above) will run Qemu and make it
1466 boot the configuration specified in the F<mylinux> script. How is qemu
1467 started can be configured in various ways (see below).
1471 Create a bootloader configuration file (currently supported
1472 bootloaders are GRUB, GRUB2, ISOLINUX, Pulsar, and U-Boot) and copy it
1473 with all other files needed for booting to a remote TFTP server. Then
1474 use a TCP/IP-controlled relay/serial-to-TCP converter to reset the
1475 target and receive its serial output.
1477 ./mylinux --grub2 --copy=192.168.1.1:/tftp --iprelay=192.168.1.2
1479 Alternatively, you can put these switches to the configuration file
1482 ./mylinux --target mytarget
1486 Specifying all the options needed by novaboot to successfully control
1487 the target, either on command line or in configuration files, can be
1488 difficult for users. Novaboot supports configuring the target
1489 centrally via L<novaboot-shell(1)> on a server. With such a
1490 configuration, users only need to use the B<--ssh> option to specify
1491 where to boot their OS:
1493 ./mylinux --ssh myboard@example.com
1495 Typically, the server is the computer connected to and controlling the
1496 target board and running the TFTP server.
1500 Run DHCP and TFTP server on developer's machine to boot the target
1503 ./mylinux --dhcp-tftp
1505 This usage is useful when no network infrastructure is in place, and
1506 the target is connected directly to developer's box.
1510 Create bootable ISO image.
1512 novaboot --iso -- script1 script2
1514 The created ISO image will have ISOLINUX bootloader installed on it,
1515 and the boot menu will allow selecting between I<script1> and
1516 I<script2> configurations.
1520 =head1 OPTIONS AND PHASES
1522 Novaboot performs its work in several phases. Command line options
1523 described bellow influence the execution of each phase or allow their
1524 skipping. The list of phases (in the execution order) is as follows.
1528 =item 1. L<Configuration reading|/Configuration reading phase>
1530 =item 2. L<Command line processing|/Command line processing phase>
1532 =item 3. L<Script preprocessing|/Script preprocessing phase>
1534 =item 4. L<File generation|/File generation phase>
1536 =item 5. L<Target connection|/Target connection check>
1538 =item 6. L<File deployment|/File deployment phase>
1540 =item 7. L<Target power-on and reset|/Target power-on and reset phase>
1542 =item 8. L<Interaction with the bootloader|/Interaction with the bootloader on the target>
1544 =item 9. L<Target interaction|/Target interaction phase>
1548 Each phase is described in the following sections together with the
1549 command line options that control it.
1551 =head2 Configuration reading phase
1553 After starting, novaboot reads zero or more configuration files. We
1554 describe their content in section L</"CONFIGURATION FILES">. By default, the
1555 configuration is read from multiple locations. First from the system
1556 configuration directory (F</etc/novaboot.d/>), second from the user
1557 configuration file (F<~/.config/novaboot>) and third from F<.novaboot>
1558 files along the path to the current directory. Alternatively, a single
1559 configuration file specified with the B<-c> switch or with the
1560 C<NOVABOOT_CONFIG> environment variable is read. The latter read files
1561 override settings from the former ones.
1563 The system configuration directory is determined by the content of
1564 NOVABOOT_CONFIG_DIR environment variable and defaults to
1565 F</etc/novaboot.d>. Files in this directory with names consisting
1566 solely of English letters, numbers, dashes '-' and underscores '_'
1567 (note that dot '.' is not included) are read in alphabetical order.
1569 Then, the user configuration file is read from
1570 F<$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/novaboot>. If C<$XDG_CONFIG_HOME> environment
1571 variable is not set F<~/.config/novaboot> is read instead.
1573 Finally, novaboot searches for files named F<.novaboot> starting from the
1574 directory of the novaboot script (or working directory, see bellow)
1575 and continuing upwards up to the root directory. The found
1576 configuration files are then read in the opposite order (i.e. from the
1577 root directory downwards). This ordering allows having, for example, a project
1578 specific configuration in F<~/project/.novaboot>.
1580 Note the difference between F<~/.config/novaboot> and F<~/.novaboot>.
1581 The former one is always read, whereas the latter only when novaboot
1582 script or working directory is under the C<$HOME> directory.
1584 In certain cases, the location of the novaboot script cannot be
1585 determined in this early phase. This situation happens either when the script is
1586 read from the standard input or when novaboot is invoked explicitly as
1587 in the example L</"4."> above. In this case, the current working
1588 directory is used as a starting point for configuration file search
1589 instead of the novaboot script directory.
1593 =item -c, --config=I<filename>
1595 Use the specified configuration file instead of the default one(s).
1599 =head2 Command line processing phase
1605 Dump the current configuration to stdout end exit. Useful as an
1606 initial template for a configuration file.
1610 Print short (B<-h>) or long (B<--help>) help.
1612 =item -t, --target=I<target>
1614 This option serves as a user configurable shortcut for other novaboot
1615 options. The effect of this option is the same as specifying the
1616 options stored in the C<%targets> configuration variable under key
1617 I<target>. See also L</"CONFIGURATION FILES">.
1619 When this option is not given, novaboot tries to determine the target
1620 to use from either B<NOVABOOT_TARGET> environment variable or
1621 B<$default_target> configuration file variable.
1623 =item --ssh=I<user@hostname>
1625 Configures novaboot to control the target via C<novaboot-shell>
1626 running remotely via SSH.
1628 Using this option is the same as specifying B<--remote-cmd>,
1629 B<--remote-expect>, B<--copy> B<--rsync-flags>, B<--prefix> and
1630 B<--reset-cmd> manually in a way compatible with C<novaboot-shell>.
1631 The server can be configured to provide other, safe bootloader-related
1632 options, to the client. When this happens, novaboot prints them to
1635 Currently, this in an initial experimental implementation. We plan to
1636 change/extend this feature soon!
1640 =head2 Script preprocessing phase
1642 This phase allows modifying the parsed novaboot script before it is
1643 used in the later phases.
1647 =item -a, --append=I<parameters>
1649 Append a string to the first C<load> line in the novaboot script. This option
1650 can be used to append parameters to the kernel's or root task's
1651 command line. This option can appear multiple times.
1655 Use L<Bender|https://github.com/TUD-OS/morbo/blob/master/standalone/bender.c>
1656 chainloader. Bender scans the PCI bus for PCI serial ports and stores
1657 the information about them in the BIOS data area for use by the
1660 =item --chainloader=I<chainloader>
1662 Specifies a chainloader that is loaded before the kernel and other
1663 files specified in the novaboot script. E.g. 'bin/boot/bender
1668 Print the modules to boot and their parameters, after this phase
1669 finishes. Then exit. This is useful for seeing the effect of other
1670 options in this section.
1672 =item -k, --kernel=F<file>
1674 Replace the first word on the first C<load> line in the novaboot
1675 script with F<file>.
1677 =item --scriptmod=I<Perl expression>
1679 When novaboot reads the script, I<Perl expression> is executed for every
1680 line (in $_ variable). For example, C<novaboot
1681 --scriptmod=s/sigma0/omega6/g> replaces every occurrence of I<sigma0>
1682 in the script with I<omega6>.
1684 When this option is present, it overrides I<$script_modifier> variable
1685 from the configuration file, which has the same effect. If this option
1686 is given multiple times all expressions are evaluated in the command
1691 =head2 File generation phase
1693 In this phase, files needed for booting are generated in a so-called
1694 I<build directory> (see L</--build-dir>). In most cases configuration
1695 for a bootloader is generated automatically by novaboot. It is also
1696 possible to generate other files using I<heredoc> or I<"<"> syntax in
1697 novaboot scripts. Finally, novaboot can generate binaries in this phases by
1698 running C<scons> or C<make>.
1702 =item --build-dir=I<directory>
1704 Overrides the default build directory location.
1706 The default build directory location is determined as follows: If the
1707 configuration file defines the C<$builddir> variable, its value is
1708 used. Otherwise, it is the directory that contains the first processed
1711 See also L</BUILDDIR> variable.
1713 =item -g, --grub[=I<filename>]
1715 Generates grub bootloader menu file. If the I<filename> is not
1716 specified, F<menu.lst> is used. The I<filename> is relative to the
1717 build directory (see B<--build-dir>).
1719 =item --grub-preamble=I<prefix>
1721 Specifies the I<preamble> that is at the beginning of the generated
1722 GRUB or GRUB2 config files. This is useful for specifying GRUB's
1725 =item --prefix=I<prefix>
1727 Specifies I<prefix> (e.g. F</srv/tftp>) that is put in front of every
1728 filename in generated bootloader configuration files (or in U-Boot
1731 If the I<prefix> contains string $NAME, it will be replaced with the
1732 name of the novaboot script (see also B<--name>).
1734 If the I<prefix> contains string $BUILDDIR, it will be replaced with
1735 the build directory (see also B<--build-dir>).
1739 Alias for B<--prefix>.
1741 =item --grub2[=I<filename>]
1743 Generate GRUB2 menu entry in I<filename>. If I<filename> is not
1744 specified F<./boot/grub/grub.cfg> is used. The content of the menu entry can be
1745 customized with B<--grub-preamble>, B<--grub2-prolog> or
1746 B<--grub_prefix> options.
1748 GRUB2 can boot multiboot-compliant kernels and a few kernels with specific
1749 support. L</BOOT_METHOD> could be used to specify the command used by GRUB2 to
1750 load the kernel. See L<GNU GRUB Manual|https://www.gnu.org/software/grub/manual/grub/grub.html#Booting>.
1752 To use the generated menu entry on your development
1753 machine that uses GRUB2, append the following snippet to
1754 F</etc/grub.d/40_custom> file and regenerate your grub configuration,
1755 i.e. run update-grub on Debian/Ubuntu.
1757 if [ -f /path/to/nul/build/grub.cfg ]; then
1758 source /path/to/nul/build/grub.cfg
1761 =item --grub2-prolog=I<prolog>
1763 Specifies the text that novaboot puts at the beginning of the GRUB2 menu entry.
1765 =item -m, --make[=make command]
1767 Runs C<make> to build files that are not generated by novaboot itself.
1769 =item --name=I<string>
1771 Use the name I<string> instead of the name of the novaboot script.
1772 This name is used for things like a title of grub menu or for the
1773 server directory where the boot files are copied to.
1777 Do not run external commands to generate files (i.e. "<" syntax and
1778 C<run> keyword). This switch does not influence the generation of files
1779 specified with "<<WORD" syntax.
1781 =item -p, --pulsar[=mac]
1783 Generates pulsar bootloader configuration file named F<config-I<mac>>
1784 The I<mac> string is typically a MAC address and defaults to
1787 =item --scons[=scons command]
1789 Runs C<scons> to build files that are not generated by novaboot
1794 Strip I<rom://> prefix from command lines and generated config files.
1795 The I<rom://> prefix is used by NUL. For NRE, it has to be stripped.
1799 Exit novaboot after file generation phase.
1803 =head2 Target connection check
1805 In this phase novaboot connects to target's serial port (if it has
1806 one). If another novaboot user/instance occupies the target, novaboot
1807 exits here with an error message.
1811 =item --amt=I<"[user[:password]@]host[:port]>
1813 Use Intel AMT technology to control the target machine. WS management
1814 is used to powercycle it and Serial-Over-Lan (SOL) for input/output.
1815 The hostname or (IP address) is given by the I<host> parameter. If the
1816 I<password> is not specified, environment variable AMT_PASSWORD is
1817 used. The I<port> specifies a TCP port for SOL. If not specified, the
1818 default is 16992. The default I<user> is admin.
1820 =item --iprelay=I<addr[:port]>
1822 Use TCP/IP relay and serial port to access the target's serial port
1823 and powercycle it. The I<addr> parameter specifies the IP address of
1824 the relay. If I<port> is not specified, it defaults to 23.
1826 Note: This option is supposed to work with HWG-ER02a IP relays.
1828 =item --iprelay-cmd=I<command>
1830 Similar to B<--iprelay> but uses I<command> to talk to the iprelay
1831 rather than direct network connection.
1833 =item -s, --serial[=device]
1835 Target's serial line is connected to host's serial line (device). The
1836 default value for device is F</dev/ttyUSB0>.
1838 The value of this option is exported in NB_NOVABOOT environment
1839 variable to all subprocesses run by C<novaboot>.
1841 =item --stty=I<settings>
1843 Specifies settings passed to C<stty> invoked on the serial line
1844 specified with B<--serial> option. If this option is not given,
1845 C<stty> is called with C<raw -crtscts -onlcr 115200> settings.
1847 =item --remote-cmd=I<cmd>
1849 Command that mediates connection to the target's serial line. For
1850 example C<ssh server 'cu -l /dev/ttyS0'>.
1852 =item --remote-expect=I<string>
1854 Wait for reception of I<string> after establishing the remote serial
1855 line connection. Novaboot assumes that after establishing the serial
1856 line connection, the user running novaboot has exclusive access to the
1857 target. If establishing of the serial line connection happens
1858 asynchronously (e.g. running a command remotely via SSH), we need this
1859 option to wait until the exclusive access is confirmed by the remote
1862 Depending on target configuration, this option can solve two practical
1863 problems: 1) Overwriting of files deployed by another user currently
1864 using the target. 2) Resetting the target board before serial line
1865 connection is established and thus missing bootloader interaction.
1867 Example of usage with the L<sterm
1868 tool|https://rtime.felk.cvut.cz/gitweb/sojka/sterm.git>:
1870 --remote-cmd='ssh -tt example.com sterm -v /dev/ttyUSB0' --remote-expect='sterm: Connected'
1872 =item --remote-expect-silent=I<string>
1874 The same as B<--remote-expect> except that the remote output is not
1875 echoed to stdout while waiting for the I<string>. Everything after the
1876 matched string is printed to stdout, so you may want to include line
1877 end characters in the I<string> as well.
1879 =item --remote-expect-timeout=I<seconds>
1881 Timeout in seconds for B<--remote-expect> or
1882 B<--remote-expect-seconds>. When negative, waits forever. The default
1887 =head2 File deployment phase
1889 In some setups, it is necessary to copy the files needed for booting
1890 to a particular location, e.g. to a TFTP boot server or to the
1895 =item -d, --dhcp-tftp
1897 Turns your workstation into a DHCP and TFTP server so that the OS can
1898 be booted via PXE BIOS (or similar mechanism) on the test machine
1899 directly connected by a plain Ethernet cable to your workstation.
1901 The DHCP and TFTP servers require root privileges and C<novaboot>
1902 uses C<sudo> command to obtain those. You can put the following to
1903 I</etc/sudoers> to allow running the necessary commands without asking
1906 Cmnd_Alias NOVABOOT = /bin/ip a add 10.23.23.1/24 dev eth0, /bin/ip l set dev eth0 up, /usr/sbin/dhcpd -d -cf dhcpd.conf -lf dhcpd.leases -pf dhcpd.pid, /usr/sbin/in.tftpd --listen --secure -v -v -v --pidfile tftpd.pid *, /usr/bin/touch dhcpd.leases, /usr/bin/pkill --pidfile=dhcpd.pid, /usr/bin/pkill --pidfile=tftpd.pid
1907 your_login ALL=NOPASSWD: NOVABOOT
1911 Starts a TFTP server on your workstation. This is similar to
1912 B<--dhcp-tftp> except that DHCP server is not started.
1914 The TFTP server requires root privileges and C<novaboot> uses C<sudo>
1915 command to obtain those. You can put the following to I</etc/sudoers>
1916 to allow running the necessary commands without asking for a password.
1918 Cmnd_Alias NOVABOOT = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd --listen --secure -v -v -v --pidfile tftpd.pid *, /usr/bin/pkill --pidfile=tftpd.pid
1919 your_login ALL=NOPASSWD: NOVABOOT
1921 =item --tftp-port=I<port>
1923 Port to run the TFTP server on. Implies B<--tftp>.
1925 =item --netif=I<network interface>
1927 Network interface used to deploy files to the target. This option
1928 influences the configuration of the DHCP server started by
1929 B<--dhcp-tftp> and the value that B<$NB_MYIP> get replaced with during
1930 U-Boot conversation. The default value is C<$netif> variable from
1931 configuration files, which defaults to I<eth0>.
1933 =item --iso[=filename]
1935 Generates the ISO image that boots NOVA system via GRUB. If no filename
1936 is given, the image is stored under I<NAME>.iso, where I<NAME> is the name
1937 of the novaboot script (see also B<--name>).
1939 =item --server[=[[user@]server:]path]
1941 Alias of B<--copy> (kept for backward compatibility).
1943 =item --copy[=[[user@]server:]path]
1945 Copy all files needed for booting to another location. The files will
1946 be copied (by B<rsync> tool) to the directory I<path>. If the I<path>
1947 contains string $NAME, it will be replaced with the name of the
1948 novaboot script (see also B<--name>).
1950 =item --rsync-flags=I<flags>
1952 Specifies I<flags> to append to F<rsync> command line when
1953 copying files as a result of I<--copy> option.
1957 If B<--copy> is used and its value ends with $NAME, then after
1958 copying the files, a new bootloader configuration file (e.g. menu.lst)
1959 is created at I<path-wo-name>, i.e. the path specified by B<--copy>
1960 with $NAME part removed. The content of the file is created by
1961 concatenating all files of the same name from all subdirectories of
1962 I<path-wo-name> found on the "server".
1966 Use Intel AMT technology for IDE redirection. This allows the target
1967 machine to boot from novaboot created ISO image. Implies B<--iso>.
1969 The experimental C<amtider> utility needed by this option can be
1970 obtained from https://github.com/wentasah/amtterm.
1974 =head2 Target power-on and reset phase
1976 At this point, the target is reset (or switched on/off). There are
1977 several ways how this can be accomplished. Resetting a physical target
1978 can currently be accomplished by the following options: B<--amt>,
1979 B<--iprelay>, B<--reset-cmd> and B<--reset-send>.
1985 Switch on/off the target machine and exit. The script (if any) is
1986 completely ignored. Currently, it works only with the following
1987 options: B<--iprelay>, B<--amt>, B<--ssh>.
1989 =item -Q, --qemu[=I<qemu-binary>]
1991 Boot the configuration in qemu. Optionally, the name of qemu binary
1992 can be specified as a parameter.
1994 =item --qemu-append=I<flags>
1996 Append I<flags> to the default qemu flags (QEMU_FLAGS variable or
1997 C<-cpu coreduo -smp 2>).
1999 =item -q, --qemu-flags=I<flags>
2001 Replace the default qemu flags (QEMU_FLAGS variable or C<-cpu coreduo
2002 -smp 2>) with I<flags> specified here.
2004 =item --reset-cmd=I<cmd>
2006 Runs command I<cmd> to reset the target.
2008 =item --reset-send=I<string>
2010 Reset the target by sending the given I<string> to the remote serial
2011 line. "\n" sequences are replaced with the newline character.
2013 =item --no-reset, --reset
2015 Disable/enable resetting of the target.
2019 =head2 Interaction with the bootloader on the target
2023 =item --uboot[=I<prompt>]
2025 Interact with U-Boot bootloader to boot the thing described in the
2026 novaboot script. I<prompt> specifies the U-Boot's prompt (default is
2027 "=> ", other common prompts are "U-Boot> " or "U-Boot# ").
2031 Disable U-Boot interaction previously enabled with B<--uboot>.
2033 =item --uboot-stop-key=I<key>
2035 Character, which is sent as a response to U-Boot's "Hit any key to
2036 stop autoboot" message. The default value is newline, but some devices
2037 (e.g. TP-Link TD-W8970) require a specific key to be pressed.
2041 Command(s) to send the U-Boot bootloader before loading the images and
2042 booting them. This option can be given multiple times. After sending
2043 commands from each option novaboot waits for U-Boot I<prompt>.
2045 If the command contains string I<$NB_MYIP> then this string is
2046 replaced by IPv4 address of eth0 interface (see also B<--netif>).
2047 Similarly, I<$NB_PREFIX> is replaced with prefix given by B<--prefix>.
2049 See also C<uboot> keyword in L</"NOVABOOT SCRIPT SYNTAX">).
2051 =item --uboot-addr I<name>=I<address>
2053 Load address of U-Boot's C<tftpboot> command for loading I<name>,
2054 where name is one of I<kernel>, I<ramdisk> or I<fdt> (flattened device
2057 The default addresses are ${I<name>_addr_r}, i.e. U-Boot environment
2058 variables used by convention for this purpose.
2060 =item --uboot-cmd=I<command>
2062 Specifies U-Boot command used to execute the OS. If the command
2063 contains strings C<$kernel_addr>, C<$ramdisk_addr>, C<$fdt_addr>,
2064 these are replaced with the addresses configured with B<--uboot-addr>.
2066 The default value is
2068 bootm $kernel_addr $ramdisk_addr $fdt_addr
2070 or the C<UBOOT_CMD> variable if defined in the novaboot script.
2074 =head2 Target interaction phase
2076 In this phase, target's serial output is redirected to stdout and if
2077 stdin is a TTY, it is redirected to the target's serial input allowing
2078 interactive work with the target.
2082 =item --exiton=I<string>
2084 When the I<string> is sent by the target, novaboot exits. This option can
2085 be specified multiple times, in which case novaboot exits whenever
2086 either of the specified strings is sent.
2088 If the I<string> is C<-re>, then the next B<--exiton>'s I<string> is
2089 treated as a regular expression. For example:
2091 --exiton -re --exiton 'error:.*failed'
2093 =item --exiton-re=I<regex>
2095 The same as --exiton -re --exiton I<regex>.
2097 =item --exiton-timeout=I<seconds>
2099 By default B<--exiton> waits for the string match forever. When this
2100 option is specified, "exiton" timeouts after the specified number of
2101 seconds and novaboot returns non-zero exit code.
2103 =item -i, --interactive
2105 Setup things for the interactive use of the target. Your terminal will
2106 be switched to raw mode. In raw mode, your local terminal does not
2107 process input in any way (no echoing of entered characters, no
2108 interpretation of special characters). This, among others, means that
2109 Ctrl-C is passed to the target and does not interrupt novaboot. To
2110 exit from novaboot interactive mode type "~~.".
2112 =item --no-interaction, --interaction
2114 Skip resp. force target interaction phase. When skipped, novaboot exits
2115 immediately after the boot is initiated.
2117 =item --expect=I<string>
2119 When the I<string> is received from the target, send the string specified
2120 with the subsequent B<--send*> option to the target.
2122 =item --expect-re=I<regex>
2124 When target's output matches regular expression I<regex>, send the
2125 string specified with the subsequent B<--send*> option to the target.
2127 =item --expect-raw=I<perl-code>
2129 Provides direct control over Perl's Expect module.
2131 =item --send=I<string>
2133 Send I<string> to the target after the previously specified
2134 B<--expect*> was matched in the target's output. The I<string> may
2135 contain escape sequences such as "\n".
2137 Note that I<string> is actually interpreted by Perl, so it can contain
2138 much more that escape sequences. This behavior may change in the
2141 Example: C<--expect='login: ' --send='root\n'>
2143 =item --sendcont=I<string>
2145 Similar to B<--send> but continue expecting more input.
2147 Example: C<--expect='Continue?' --sendcont='yes\n'>
2149 =item --final-eol, --no-final-eol
2151 By default, B<novaboot> always prints an end-of-line character at the
2152 end of its execution in order to ensure that the output of programs
2153 started after novaboot appears at the beginning of the line. When this
2154 is not desired B<--no-final-eol> option can be used to override this
2159 =head1 NOVABOOT SCRIPT SYNTAX
2161 The syntax tries to mimic POSIX shell syntax. The syntax is defined
2162 by the following rules.
2164 Lines starting with "#" and empty lines are ignored.
2166 Lines that end with "\" are concatenated with the following line after
2167 removal of the final "\" and leading whitespace of the following line.
2169 Lines of the form I<VARIABLE=...> (i.e. matching '^[A-Z_]+=' regular
2170 expression) assign values to internal variables. See L</VARIABLES>
2173 Otherwise, the first word on the line defines the meaning of the line.
2174 The following keywords are supported:
2180 These lines represent modules to boot. The
2181 word after C<load> is a file name (relative to the build directory
2182 (see B<--build-dir>) of the module to load and the remaining words are
2183 passed to it as the command line parameters.
2185 When booting Linux, the first C<load> line usually refers to the
2186 kernel image and its command line parameters (unless you use some
2187 special pre-loader). Other C<load> lines may refer to an initramfs
2188 image and/or a device tree blob. Their order is not important, as the
2189 device tree is recognized as the file name ending with C<.dtb>.
2191 When the C<load> line ends with "<<WORD" then the subsequent lines
2192 until the line containing solely WORD are copied literally to the file
2193 named on that line. This is similar to the heredoc feature of UNIX
2196 When the C<load> line ends with "< CMD" then command CMD is executed
2197 with F</bin/sh> and its standard output is stored in the file named on
2198 that line. The SRCDIR variable in CMD's environment is set to the
2199 absolute path of the directory containing the interpreted novaboot
2204 These lines are similar to C<load> lines. The
2205 file mentioned there is copied to the same place as in the case of C<load>
2206 (e.g. tftp server), but the file is not used in the bootloader
2207 configuration. Such a file can be used by the target for other
2208 purposes than booting, e.g. at OS runtime or for firmware update.
2212 Chainload another bootloader. Instead of loading multiboot modules
2213 identified with C<load> keyword, run another bootloader. This is
2214 currently supported only by pulsar and can be used to load e.g. Grub
2215 as in the example below:
2217 chld boot/grub/i386-pc/core.0
2222 Lines starting with C<run> keyword contain shell commands that are run
2223 during file generation phase. This is the same as the "< CMD" syntax
2224 for C<load> keyboard except that the command's output is not
2225 redirected to a file. The ordering of commands is the same as they
2226 appear in the novaboot script.
2230 These lines represent U-Boot commands that are sent to the target if
2231 B<--uboot> option is given. Having a U-Boot line in the novaboot
2232 script is the same as giving B<--uboot-init> option to novaboot. The
2233 following syntax variants are supported:
2236 uboot[:<timeout>] <string> [> <file>]
2237 uboot[:<timeout>] < <shell> [> <file>]
2239 C<string> is the literal U-Boot command.
2241 The C<uboot> keyword can be suffixed with timeout specification. The
2242 syntax is C<uboot:Ns>, where C<N> is the whole number of seconds. If
2243 the U-Boot command prompt does not appear before the timeout, novaboot
2244 fails. The default timeout is 10 seconds.
2246 In the second variant with the C<<> character the shell code is
2247 executed and its standard output is sent to U-Boot. Example:
2249 uboot < printf "mmc write \$loadaddr 1 %x" $(($(/usr/bin/stat -c%s rootfs.ext4) / 512))
2251 When C<E<gt> file> part is present, the output of the U-Boot command
2252 is written into the given file.
2258 #!/usr/bin/env novaboot
2259 load bzImage console=ttyS0,115200
2260 run make -C buildroot
2261 load rootfs.cpio < gen_cpio buildroot/images/rootfs.cpio "myapp->/etc/init.d/S99myapp"
2263 Example (NOVA User Land - NUL):
2265 #!/usr/bin/env novaboot
2266 WVDESC=Example program
2267 load bin/apps/sigma0.nul S0_DEFAULT script_start:1,1 \
2268 verbose hostkeyb:0,0x60,1,12,2
2269 load bin/apps/hello.nul
2270 load hello.nulconfig <<EOF
2271 sigma0::mem:16 name::/s0/log name::/s0/timer name::/s0/fs/rom ||
2272 rom://bin/apps/hello.nul
2275 This example will load three modules: F<sigma0.nul>, F<hello.nul> and
2276 F<hello.nulconfig>. sigma0 receives some command line parameters and
2277 F<hello.nulconfig> file is generated on the fly from the lines between
2278 C<<<EOF> and C<EOF>.
2280 Example (Zynq system update via U-Boot):
2282 #!/usr/bin/env novaboot
2286 # Write kernel to FAT filesystem on the 1st SD card partition
2287 run mkimage -f uboot-image.its image.ub
2289 uboot:60s tftpboot ${loadaddr} $NB_PREFIX/image.ub
2290 uboot fatwrite mmc 0:1 ${loadaddr} image.ub $filesize
2291 uboot set bootargs console=ttyPS0,115200 root=/dev/mmcblk0p2
2293 # Write root FS image to the 2nd SD card partition
2294 copy rootfs/images/rootfs.ext4
2295 uboot:60s tftpboot ${loadaddr} $NB_PREFIX/rootfs/images/rootfs.ext4
2296 uboot mmc part > mmc-part.txt
2297 uboot < printf "mmc write \$loadaddr %x %x" $(awk '{ if ($1 == "2") { print $2 }}' mmc-part.txt) $(($(/usr/bin/stat -L --printf=%s rootfs/images/rootfs.ext4) / 512))
2304 The following variables are interpreted in the novaboot script:
2310 Specifies the way GRUB2 boots the kernel. For kernels with multiboot
2311 support use C<multiboot> method (the default). For Linux kernel use C<linux> method.
2315 Novaboot chdir()s to this directory before file generation phase. The
2316 directory name specified here is relative to the build directory
2317 specified by other means (see L</--build-dir>).
2321 Assigning this variable has the same effect as specifying L</--exiton>
2326 Setting this variable to zero is the same as giving
2327 L</--no-interaction>, specifying to one corresponds to
2330 =item HYPERVISOR_PARAMS
2332 Parameters passed to the hypervisor. The default value is "serial", unless
2333 overridden in the configuration file.
2337 The kernel to use instead of the hypervisor specified in the
2338 configuration file with the C<$hypervisor> variable. The value should
2339 contain the name of the kernel image as well as its command line
2340 parameters. If this variable is defined and non-empty, the variable
2341 HYPERVISOR_PARAMS is not used.
2345 If this variable is 1, the system is not booted. This is currently
2346 only implemented for U-Boot bootloader where it is useful for
2347 interacting with the bootloader without booting the system - e.g. for
2352 Use a specific qemu binary (can be overridden with B<-Q>) and flags
2353 when booting this script under qemu. If QEMU_FLAGS variable is also
2354 specified flags specified in QEMU variable are replaced by those in
2359 Use specific qemu flags (can be overridden with B<-q>).
2363 See L</--uboot-cmd>.
2367 Description of the WvTest-compliant program.
2369 =item WVTEST_TIMEOUT
2371 The timeout in seconds for WvTest harness. If no complete line appears
2372 in the test output within the time specified here, the test fails. It
2373 is necessary to specify this for long running tests that produce no
2374 intermediate output.
2378 =head1 CONFIGURATION FILES
2380 Novaboot can read its configuration from one or more files. By
2381 default, novaboot looks for files in F</etc/novaboot.d>, file
2382 F<~/.config/novaboot> and files named F<.novaboot> as described in
2383 L</Configuration reading phase>. Alternatively, configuration file
2384 location can be specified with the B<-c> switch or with the
2385 NOVABOOT_CONFIG environment variable. The configuration file has Perl
2386 syntax (i.e. it is better to put C<1;> as the last line) and should set
2387 values of certain Perl variables. The current configuration can be
2388 dumped with the B<--dump-config> switch. Some configuration variables
2389 can be overridden by environment variables (see below) or by command
2392 Supported configuration variables include:
2398 Build directory location relative to the location of the configuration
2401 =item $default_target
2403 Default target (see below) to use when no target is explicitly
2404 specified with the B<--target> command line option or
2405 B<NOVABOOT_TARGET> environment variable.
2409 Default value for the B<--netif> option. If not specified, it defaults
2414 Hash of target definitions to be used with the B<--target> option. The
2415 key is the identifier of the target, the value is the string with
2416 command line options. For instance, if the configuration file contains:
2418 $targets{'mybox'} = '--copy=boot:/tftproot --serial=/dev/ttyUSB0 --grub',
2420 then the following two commands are equivalent:
2422 ./myos --copy=boot:/tftproot --serial=/dev/ttyUSB0 --grub
2427 =head1 ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
2429 Some options can be specified not only via config file or command line
2430 but also through environment variables. Environment variables override
2431 the values from the configuration file and command line parameters
2432 override the environment variables.
2436 =item NOVABOOT_CONFIG
2438 Name of the novaboot configuration file to use instead of the default
2441 =item NOVABOOT_CONFIG_DIR
2443 Name of the novaboot configuration directory. When not specified
2444 F</etc/novaboot.d> is used.
2446 =item NOVABOOT_TARGET
2448 Name of the novaboot target to use. This overrides the value of
2449 B<$default_target> from the configuration file and can be overridden
2450 with the B<--target> command line option.
2452 =item NOVABOOT_BENDER
2454 Defining this variable has the same effect as using B<--bender>
2461 Michal Sojka <sojka@os.inf.tu-dresden.de>
2463 Latest novaboot version can be found at
2464 L<https://github.com/wentasah/novaboot>.
2468 # LocalWords: novaboot Novaboot NOVABOOT TFTP PXE DHCP filename stty
2469 # LocalWords: chainloader stdout Qemu qemu preprocessing ISOLINUX bootable
2470 # LocalWords: config subprocesses sudo sudoers tftp dhcp IDE stdin
2471 # LocalWords: subdirectories TTY whitespace heredoc POSIX WvTest