3 # This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
4 # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
5 # the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or
6 # (at your option) any later version.
8 # This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
9 # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
10 # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
11 # GNU General Public License for more details.
13 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
14 # along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
20 use warnings (exists $ENV{NOVABOOT_TEST} ? (FATAL => 'all') : ());
21 use Getopt::Long qw(GetOptionsFromString GetOptionsFromArray);
26 use Time::HiRes("usleep");
30 use POSIX qw(:errno_h sysconf);
31 use Cwd qw(getcwd abs_path);
37 my $invocation_dir = $ENV{PWD} || getcwd();
39 ## Configuration file handling
41 # Default configuration
42 $CFG::hypervisor = "";
43 $CFG::hypervisor_params = "serial";
44 $CFG::genisoimage = "genisoimage";
45 $CFG::qemu = 'qemu-system-i386 -cpu coreduo -smp 2';
46 $CFG::default_target = '';
49 "tud" => '--server=erwin.inf.tu-dresden.de:~sojka/boot/novaboot --rsync-flags="--chmod=Dg+s,ug+w,o-w,+rX --rsync-path=\"umask 002 && rsync\"" --grub --grub-prefix=(nd)/tftpboot/sojka/novaboot --grub-preamble="timeout 0" --concat --iprelay=141.76.48.80:2324 --scriptmod=s/\\\\bhostserial\\\\b/hostserialpci/g',
50 "novabox" => '--server=rtime.felk.cvut.cz:/srv/tftp/novaboot --rsync-flags="--chmod=Dg+s,ug+w,o-w,+rX --rsync-path=\"umask 002 && rsync\"" --pulsar --iprelay=147.32.86.92:2324',
51 "localhost" => '--scriptmod=s/console=tty[A-Z0-9,]+// --server=/boot/novaboot/$NAME --grub2 --grub-prefix=/boot/novaboot/$NAME --grub2-prolog=" set root=\'(hd0,msdos1)\'"',
52 "ryu" => '--uboot --uboot-init="mw f0000b00 \${psc_cfg}; sleep 1" --uboot-addr kernel=800000 --uboot-addr ramdisk=b00000 --uboot-addr fdt=7f0000',
53 "ryuglab" => '--target ryu --server=pc-sojkam.felk.cvut.cz:/srv/tftp --remote-cmd="ssh -tt pc-sojkam.felk.cvut.cz \"sterm -d -s 115200 /dev/ttyUSB0\""',
54 "ryulocal" => '--target ryu --dhcp-tftp --serial --reset-cmd="if which dtrrts; then dtrrts $NB_SERIAL 0 1; sleep 0.1; dtrrts $NB_SERIAL 1 1; fi"',
59 $const{linux}->{_SC_NPROCESSORS_CONF} = 83;
60 my $nproc = sysconf($const{$^O}->{_SC_NPROCESSORS_CONF});
62 $CFG::scons = "scons -j$nproc";
63 $CFG::make = "make -j$nproc";
71 package CFG; # Put config data into a separate namespace
77 die("ERROR: Failure compiling '$cfg' - $@");
78 } elsif (! defined($rc)) {
79 die("ERROR: Failure reading '$cfg' - $!");
81 die("ERROR: Failure processing '$cfg'");
84 $builddir = File::Spec->rel2abs($CFG::builddir, dirname($cfg)) if defined $CFG::builddir;
85 print STDERR "novaboot: Read $cfg\n";
90 # We don't use $0 here, because it points to the novaboot itself and
91 # not to the novaboot script. The problem with this approach is that
92 # when a script is run as "novaboot <options> <script>" then $ARGV[0]
93 # contains the first option. Hence the -f check.
94 my $dir = File::Spec->rel2abs($ARGV[0] && -f $ARGV[0] ? dirname($ARGV[0]) : '', $invocation_dir);
95 while ((-d $dir || -l $dir ) && $dir ne "/") {
96 push @cfgs, "$dir/.novaboot" if -r "$dir/.novaboot";
97 my @dirs = File::Spec->splitdir($dir);
98 $dir = File::Spec->catdir(@dirs[0..$#dirs-1]);
100 @cfgs = reverse @cfgs;
102 my $xdg_config_home = $ENV{'XDG_CONFIG_HOME'} || $ENV{'HOME'}.'/.config';
103 unshift(@cfgs, "$xdg_config_home/novaboot") if -r "$xdg_config_home/novaboot";
105 $dir = $ENV{'NOVABOOT_CONFIG_DIR'} || '/etc/novaboot.d';
106 if (opendir(my $dh, $dir)) {
107 my @etccfg = map { "$dir/$_" } grep { /^[-_a-zA-Z0-9]+$/ && -f "$dir/$_" } readdir($dh);
109 @etccfg = sort(@etccfg);
110 @cfgs = ( @etccfg, @cfgs );
113 my $cfg = $ENV{'NOVABOOT_CONFIG'};
114 Getopt::Long::Configure(qw/no_ignore_case pass_through/);
115 GetOptions ("config|c=s" => \$cfg);
116 read_config($_) foreach $cfg or @cfgs;
118 ## Command line handling
120 my $explicit_target = $ENV{'NOVABOOT_TARGET'};
121 GetOptions ("target|t=s" => \$explicit_target);
123 my ($amt, @append, $bender, @chainloaders, $concat, $config_name_opt, $dhcp_tftp, $dump_opt, $dump_config, @exiton, $exiton_timeout, @expect_raw, $final_eol, $gen_only, $grub_config, $grub_prefix, $grub_preamble, $grub2_prolog, $grub2_config, $help, $ider, $interaction, $iprelay, $iso_image, $interactive, $kernel_opt, $make, $man, $netif, $no_file_gen, $off_opt, $on_opt, $pulsar, $pulsar_root, $qemu, $qemu_append, $qemu_flags_cmd, $remote_cmd, $remote_expect, $remote_expect_silent, $reset, $reset_cmd, $rom_prefix, $rsync_flags, @scriptmod, $scons, $serial, $server, $stty, $tftp, $tftp_port, $uboot, %uboot_addr, $uboot_cmd, @uboot_init);
125 # Default values of certain command line options
127 'kernel' => '${kernel_addr_r}',
128 'ramdisk' => '${ramdisk_addr_r}',
129 'fdt' => '${fdt_addr_r}',
132 $rom_prefix = 'rom://';
133 $stty = 'raw -crtscts -onlcr 115200';
134 $reset = 1; # Reset target by default
135 $interaction = 1; # Perform target interaction by default
139 my @expect_seen = ();
143 push(@expect_seen, '-re') if $n eq "expect-re";
144 push(@expect_seen, $v);
150 unless (@expect_seen) { die("No --expect before --send"); }
151 my $ret = ($n eq "sendcont") ? exp_continue : 0;
152 unshift(@expect_raw, sub { shift->send(eval("\"$v\"")); $ret; });
153 unshift(@expect_raw, @expect_seen);
160 "append|a=s" => \@append,
161 "bender|b" => \$bender,
162 "build-dir=s" => sub { my ($n, $v) = @_; $builddir = File::Spec->rel2abs($v); },
163 "concat" => \$concat,
164 "chainloader=s" => \@chainloaders,
165 "dhcp-tftp|d" => \$dhcp_tftp,
166 "dump" => \$dump_opt,
167 "dump-config" => \$dump_config,
168 "exiton=s" => \@exiton,
169 "exiton-timeout=i"=> \$exiton_timeout,
170 "exiton-re=s" => sub { my ($n, $v) = @_; push(@exiton, '-re', $v); },
171 "expect=s" => \&handle_expect,
172 "expect-re=s" => \&handle_expect,
173 "expect-raw=s" => sub { my ($n, $v) = @_; unshift(@expect_raw, eval($v)); },
174 "final-eol!" => \$final_eol,
175 "gen-only" => \$gen_only,
176 "grub|g:s" => \$grub_config,
177 "grub-preamble=s"=> \$grub_preamble,
178 "prefix|grub-prefix=s" => \$grub_prefix,
179 "grub2:s" => \$grub2_config,
180 "grub2-prolog=s" => \$grub2_prolog,
182 "interaction!" => \$interaction,
183 "iprelay=s" => \$iprelay,
184 "iso:s" => \$iso_image,
185 "kernel|k=s" => \$kernel_opt,
186 "interactive|i" => \$interactive,
187 "name=s" => \$config_name_opt,
188 "make|m:s" => \$make,
189 "netif=s" => \$netif,
190 "no-file-gen" => \$no_file_gen,
193 "pulsar|p:s" => \$pulsar,
194 "pulsar-root=s" => \$pulsar_root,
195 "qemu|Q:s" => \$qemu,
196 "qemu-append=s" => \$qemu_append,
197 "qemu-flags|q=s" => \$qemu_flags_cmd,
198 "remote-cmd=s" => \$remote_cmd,
199 "remote-expect=s"=> \$remote_expect,
200 "remote-expect-silent=s"=> sub { $remote_expect=$_[1]; $remote_expect_silent=1; },
202 "reset-cmd=s" => \$reset_cmd,
203 "rsync-flags=s" => \$rsync_flags,
204 "scons:s" => \$scons,
205 "scriptmod=s" => \@scriptmod,
206 "send=s" => \&handle_send,
207 "sendcont=s" => \&handle_send,
208 "serial|s:s" => \$serial,
209 "server:s" => \$server,
210 "strip-rom" => sub { $rom_prefix = ''; },
213 "tftp-port=i" => \$tftp_port,
214 "uboot:s" => \$uboot,
215 "no-uboot" => sub { undef $uboot; },
216 "uboot-addr=s" => \%uboot_addr,
217 "uboot-cmd=s" => \$uboot_cmd,
218 "uboot-init=s" => \@uboot_init,
223 # First process target options
225 my $t = defined($explicit_target) ? $explicit_target : $CFG::default_target;
227 Getopt::Long::Configure(qw/no_ignore_case pass_through/);
229 exists $CFG::targets{$t} or die("Unknown target '$t' (valid targets are: ".join(", ", sort keys(%CFG::targets)).")");
231 undef $explicit_target;
232 my ($ret, $remaining_args) = GetOptionsFromString ($CFG::targets{$t}, ("target|t=s" => \$explicit_target));
233 if (!$ret) { die "Error parsing target $t option"; }
234 push(@target_expanded, @$remaining_args);
235 $t = $explicit_target;
237 Getopt::Long::Configure(qw/no_ignore_case no_pass_through/);
238 GetOptionsFromArray(\@target_expanded, %opt_spec) or die ("Error in target definition");
241 # Then process other command line options - some of them may override
242 # what was specified by the target
243 GetOptions %opt_spec or die("Error in command line arguments");
244 pod2usage(1) if $help;
245 pod2usage(-exitstatus => 0, -verbose => 2) if $man;
247 ### Dump sanitized configuration (if requested)
251 $Data::Dumper::Indent=1;
252 print "# This file is in perl syntax.\n";
253 foreach my $key(sort(keys(%CFG::))) { # See "Symbol Tables" in perlmod(1)
254 if (defined ${$CFG::{$key}}) { print Data::Dumper->Dump([${$CFG::{$key}}], ["*$key"]); }
255 if ( @{$CFG::{$key}}) { print Data::Dumper->Dump([\@{$CFG::{$key}}], ["*$key"]); }
256 if ( %{$CFG::{$key}}) { print Data::Dumper->Dump([\%{$CFG::{$key}}], ["*$key"]); }
262 ### Sanitize configuration
264 if ($interactive && !-t STDIN) {
265 die("novaboot: Interactive mode not supported when not on terminal");
268 if (defined $config_name_opt && scalar(@ARGV) > 1) { die "You cannot use --name with multiple scripts"; }
271 $iso_image //= ''; # IDE-R needs an ISO image
272 if (!defined $amt) { die "Error: --ider requires --amt"; }
276 my %input_opts = ('--iprelay' => \$iprelay,
277 '--serial' => \$serial,
278 '--remote-cmd' => \$remote_cmd,
280 my @opts = grep(defined(${$input_opts{$_}}) , keys %input_opts);
282 die("novaboot: More than one target connection option: ".join(', ', @opts)) if scalar @opts > 1;
286 if (defined $serial) {
287 $serial ||= "/dev/ttyUSB0";
288 $ENV{NB_SERIAL} = $serial;
290 if (defined $grub_config) { $grub_config ||= "menu.lst"; }
291 if (defined $grub2_config) { $grub2_config ||= "grub.cfg"; }
293 ## Parse the novaboot script(s)
298 my ($modules, $variables, $generated, $continuation) = ([], {}, []);
299 my $skip_reading = defined($on_opt) || defined($off_opt);
300 while (!$skip_reading && ($_ = <>)) {
301 if ($ARGV ne $last_fn) { # New script
302 die "Missing EOF in $last_fn" if $file;
303 die "Unfinished line in $last_fn" if $continuation;
305 push @scripts, { 'filename' => $ARGV,
306 'modules' => $modules = [],
307 'variables' => $variables = {},
308 'generated' => $generated = []};
312 next if /^#/ || /^\s*$/; # Skip comments and empty lines
314 $_ =~ s/^[[:space:]]*// if ($continuation);
316 if (/\\$/) { # Line continuation
317 $continuation .= substr($_, 0, length($_)-1);
321 if ($continuation) { # Last continuation line
322 $_ = $continuation . $_;
326 foreach my $mod(@scriptmod) { eval $mod; }
328 if ($file && $_ eq $EOF) { # Heredoc end
332 if ($file) { # Heredoc content
333 push @{$file}, "$_\n";
336 if (/^([A-Z_]+)=(.*)$/) { # Internal variable
337 $$variables{$1} = $2;
338 push(@exiton, $2) if ($1 eq "EXITON");
341 if (s/^load *//) { # Load line
342 die("novaboot: '$last_fn' line $.: Missing file name\n") unless /^[^ <]+/;
343 if (/^([^ ]*)(.*?)[[:space:]]*<<([^ ]*)$/) { # Heredoc start
344 push @$modules, "$1$2";
346 push @$generated, {filename => $1, content => $file};
350 if (/^([^ ]*)(.*?)[[:space:]]*< ?(.*)$/) { # Command substitution
351 push @$modules, "$1$2";
352 push @$generated, {filename => $1, command => $3};
358 if (/^run (.*)/) { # run line
359 push @$generated, {command => $1};
362 if (/^uboot(?::([0-9]+)s)? (.*)/) { # uboot line
363 # TODO: If U-Boot supports some interactive menu, it might
364 # make sense to store uboot lines per novaboot script.
365 if ($1) { # Command with explicit timeout
366 push @uboot_init, { command => $2,
368 } else { # Command without explicit timeout
369 push @uboot_init, $2;
374 die("novaboot: Cannot parse script '$last_fn' line $.. Didn't you forget 'load' keyword?\n");
377 # print Dumper(\@scripts);
379 foreach my $script (@scripts) {
380 $modules = $$script{modules};
381 @$modules[0] =~ s/^[^ ]*/$kernel_opt/ if $kernel_opt;
382 @$modules[0] .= ' ' . join(' ', @append) if @append;
385 if (exists $variables->{KERNEL}) {
386 $kernel = $variables->{KERNEL};
388 if ($CFG::hypervisor) {
389 $kernel = $CFG::hypervisor . " ";
390 if (exists $variables->{HYPERVISOR_PARAMS}) {
391 $kernel .= $variables->{HYPERVISOR_PARAMS};
393 $kernel .= $CFG::hypervisor_params;
397 @$modules = ($kernel, @$modules) if $kernel;
398 @$modules = (@chainloaders, @$modules);
399 @$modules = ("bin/boot/bender", @$modules) if ($bender || defined $ENV{'NOVABOOT_BENDER'});
403 foreach my $script (@scripts) {
404 print join("\n", @{$$script{modules}})."\n";
411 sub generate_configs($$$) {
412 my ($base, $generated, $filename) = @_;
413 if ($base) { $base = "$base/"; };
414 foreach my $g(@$generated) {
415 if (exists $$g{content}) {
416 my $config = $$g{content};
417 my $fn = $$g{filename};
418 open(my $f, '>', $fn) || die("$fn: $!");
419 map { s|\brom://([^ ]*)|$rom_prefix$base$1|g; print $f "$_"; } @{$config};
421 print STDERR "novaboot: Created $fn\n";
422 } elsif (exists $$g{command} && ! $no_file_gen) {
423 $ENV{SRCDIR} = dirname(File::Spec->rel2abs( $filename, $invocation_dir ));
424 if (exists $$g{filename}) {
425 system_verbose("( $$g{command} ) > $$g{filename}");
427 system_verbose($$g{command});
433 sub generate_grub_config($$$$;$)
435 my ($filename, $title, $base, $modules_ref, $preamble) = @_;
436 if ($base) { $base = "$base/"; };
437 open(my $fg, '>', $filename) or die "$filename: $!";
438 print $fg "$preamble\n" if $preamble;
439 print $fg "title $title\n" if $title;
440 #print $fg "root $base\n"; # root doesn't really work for (nd)
442 foreach (@$modules_ref) {
445 my ($kbin, $kcmd) = split(' ', $_, 2);
446 $kcmd = '' if !defined $kcmd;
447 print $fg "kernel ${base}$kbin $kcmd\n";
449 s|\brom://([^ ]*)|$rom_prefix$base$1|g; # Translate rom:// files - needed for vdisk parameter of sigma0
450 print $fg "module $base$_\n";
454 print("novaboot: Created $builddir/$filename\n");
458 sub generate_syslinux_config($$$$)
460 my ($filename, $title, $base, $modules_ref) = @_;
461 if ($base && $base !~ /\/$/) { $base = "$base/"; };
462 open(my $fg, '>', $filename) or die "$filename: $!";
463 print $fg "LABEL $title\n";
464 #TODO print $fg "MENU LABEL $human_readable_title\n";
466 my ($kbin, $kcmd) = split(' ', @$modules_ref[0], 2);
468 if (system("file $kbin|grep 'Linux kernel'") == 0) {
469 my $initrd = @$modules_ref[1];
470 die('To many "load" lines for Linux kernel') if (scalar @$modules_ref > 2);
471 print $fg "LINUX $base$kbin\n";
472 print $fg "APPEND $kcmd\n";
473 print $fg "INITRD $base$initrd\n";
475 print $fg "KERNEL mboot.c32\n";
477 foreach (@$modules_ref) {
478 s|\brom://([^ ]*)|$rom_prefix$base$1|g; # Translate rom:// files - needed for vdisk parameter of sigma0
479 push @append, "$base$_";
480 print $fg "APPEND ".join(' --- ', @append)."\n";
483 #TODO print $fg "TEXT HELP\n";
484 #TODO print $fg "some help here\n";
485 #TODO print $fg "ENDTEXT\n";
487 print("novaboot: Created $builddir/$filename\n");
491 sub generate_grub2_config($$$$;$$)
493 my ($filename, $title, $base, $modules_ref, $preamble, $prolog) = @_;
494 if ($base && substr($base,-1,1) ne '/') { $base = "$base/"; };
495 open(my $fg, '>', $filename) or die "$filename: $!";
496 print $fg "$preamble\n" if $preamble;
497 $title ||= 'novaboot';
498 print $fg "menuentry $title {\n";
499 print $fg "$prolog\n" if $prolog;
501 foreach (@$modules_ref) {
504 my ($kbin, $kcmd) = split(' ', $_, 2);
505 $kcmd = '' if !defined $kcmd;
506 print $fg " multiboot ${base}$kbin $kcmd\n";
509 # GRUB2 doesn't pass filename in multiboot info so we have to duplicate it here
510 $_ = join(' ', ($args[0], @args));
511 s|\brom://|$rom_prefix|g; # We do not need to translate path for GRUB2
512 print $fg " module $base$_\n";
517 print("novaboot: Created $builddir/$filename\n");
521 sub generate_pulsar_config($$)
523 my ($filename, $modules_ref) = @_;
524 open(my $fg, '>', $filename) or die "$filename: $!";
525 print $fg "root $pulsar_root\n" if defined $pulsar_root;
528 foreach (@$modules_ref) {
531 ($kbin, $kcmd) = split(' ', $_, 2);
532 $kcmd = '' if !defined $kcmd;
535 s|\brom://|$rom_prefix|g;
536 print $fg "load $_\n";
539 # Put kernel as last - this is needed for booting Linux and has no influence on non-Linux OSes
540 print $fg "exec $kbin $kcmd\n";
542 print("novaboot: Created $builddir/$filename\n");
546 sub shell_cmd_string(@)
548 return join(' ', map((/^[-_=a-zA-Z0-9\/\.\+]+$/ ? "$_" : "'$_'"), @_));
553 print STDERR "novaboot: Running: ".shell_cmd_string(@_)."\n";
555 exit(1); # should not be reached
558 sub system_verbose($)
561 print STDERR "novaboot: Running: $cmd\n";
562 my $ret = system($cmd);
563 if ($ret & 0x007f) { die("Command terminated by a signal"); }
564 if ($ret & 0xff00) {die("Command exit with non-zero exit code"); }
565 if ($ret) { die("Command failure $ret"); }
570 $str =~ s/^\s+|\s+$//g;
576 if (exists $variables->{WVDESC}) {
577 print STDERR "Testing \"$variables->{WVDESC}\" in $last_fn:\n";
578 } elsif ($last_fn =~ /\.wv$/) {
579 print STDERR "Testing \"all\" in $last_fn:\n";
582 ## Connect to the target and check whether it is not occupied
584 # We have to do this before file generation phase, because file
585 # generation is intermixed with file deployment phase and we want to
586 # check whether the target is not used by somebody else before
587 # deploying files. Otherwise, we may rewrite other user's files on a
590 my $exp; # Expect object to communicate with the target over serial line
592 my ($target_reset, $target_power_on, $target_power_off);
593 my ($amt_user, $amt_password, $amt_host, $amt_port);
595 if (defined $iprelay) {
597 $iprelay =~ /([.0-9]+)(:([0-9]+))?/;
600 my $paddr = sockaddr_in($port, inet_aton($addr));
601 my $proto = getprotobyname('tcp');
602 socket($IPRELAY, PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, $proto) || die "socket: $!";
603 print STDERR "novaboot: Connecting to IP relay... ";
604 connect($IPRELAY, $paddr) || die "connect: $!";
605 print STDERR "done\n";
606 $exp = Expect->init(\*$IPRELAY);
610 print $exp "\xFF\xF6"; # AYT
611 my $connected = $exp->expect(20, # Timeout in seconds
612 '<iprelayd: connected>',
613 '-re', '<WEB51 HW[^>]*>');
618 my ($relay, $onoff) = @_;
619 die unless ($relay == 1 || $relay == 2);
621 my $cmd = ($relay == 1 ? 0x5 : 0x6) | ($onoff ? 0x20 : 0x10);
622 return "\xFF\xFA\x2C\x32".chr($cmd)."\xFF\xF0";
626 my ($relay, $onoff) = @_;
627 die unless ($relay == 1 || $relay == 2);
628 my $cmd = ($relay == 1 ? 0xdf : 0xbf) | ($onoff ? 0x00 : 0xff);
629 return "\xFF\xFA\x2C\x97".chr($cmd)."\xFF\xF0";
633 my ($relay, $onoff, $can_giveup) = @_;
634 my $confirmation = '';
636 print $exp relaycmd($relay, $onoff);
637 my $confirmed = $exp->expect(20, # Timeout in seconds
638 relayconf($relay, $onoff));
641 print("Relay confirmation timeout - ignoring\n");
643 die "Relay confirmation timeout";
649 $target_reset = sub {
650 relay(2, 1, 1); # Reset the machine
655 $target_power_off = sub {
656 relay(1, 1); # Press power button
657 usleep(6000000); # Long press to switch off
661 $target_power_on = sub {
662 relay(1, 1); # Press power button
663 usleep(100000); # Short press
669 system_verbose("stty -F $serial $stty");
670 open($CONN, "+<", $serial) || die "open $serial: $!";
671 $exp = Expect->init(\*$CONN);
673 elsif ($remote_cmd) {
674 print STDERR "novaboot: Running: $remote_cmd\n";
675 $exp = Expect->spawn($remote_cmd);
677 elsif (defined $amt) {
678 require LWP::UserAgent;
679 require LWP::Authen::Digest;
682 my ($host, $username, $password, $schema, $className, $pstate) = @_;
683 #AMT numbers for PowerStateChange (MNI => bluescreen on windows;-)
684 my %pstates = ("on" => 2,
691 <s:Envelope xmlns:s="http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope" xmlns:a="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2004/08/addressing" xmlns:w="http://schemas.dmtf.org/wbem/wsman/1/wsman.xsd">
692 <s:Header><a:To>http://$host:16992/wsman</a:To>
693 <w:ResourceURI s:mustUnderstand="true">$schema</w:ResourceURI>
694 <a:ReplyTo><a:Address s:mustUnderstand="true">http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2004/08/addressing/role/anonymous</a:Address></a:ReplyTo>
695 <a:Action s:mustUnderstand="true">$schema$className</a:Action>
696 <w:MaxEnvelopeSize s:mustUnderstand="true">153600</w:MaxEnvelopeSize>
697 <a:MessageID>uuid:709072C9-609C-4B43-B301-075004043C7C</a:MessageID>
698 <w:Locale xml:lang="en-US" s:mustUnderstand="false" />
699 <w:OperationTimeout>PT60.000S</w:OperationTimeout>
700 <w:SelectorSet><w:Selector Name="Name">Intel(r) AMT Power Management Service</w:Selector></w:SelectorSet>
702 <p:RequestPowerStateChange_INPUT xmlns:p="http://schemas.dmtf.org/wbem/wscim/1/cim-schema/2/CIM_PowerManagementService">
703 <p:PowerState>$pstates{$pstate}</p:PowerState>
704 <p:ManagedElement><a:Address>http://$host:16992/wsman</a:Address>
705 <a:ReferenceParameters><w:ResourceURI>http://schemas.dmtf.org/wbem/wscim/1/cim-schema/2/CIM_ComputerSystem</w:ResourceURI>
706 <w:SelectorSet><w:Selector Name="Name">ManagedSystem</w:Selector></w:SelectorSet>
707 </a:ReferenceParameters></p:ManagedElement>
708 </p:RequestPowerStateChange_INPUT>
709 </s:Body></s:Envelope>
714 my ($host, $username, $password, $content) = @_;
716 my $ua = LWP::UserAgent->new();
717 $ua->agent("novaboot");
719 my $req = HTTP::Request->new(POST => "http://$host:16992/wsman");
720 my $res = $ua->request($req);
721 die ("Unexpected AMT response: " . $res->status_line) unless $res->code == 401;
723 my ($realm) = $res->header("WWW-Authenticate") =~ /Digest realm="(.*?)"/;
724 $ua->credentials("$host:16992", $realm, $username => $password);
727 $req = HTTP::Request->new(POST => "http://$host:16992/wsman");
728 $req->content_type('application/x-www-form-urlencoded');
729 $req->content($content);
730 $res = $ua->request($req);
731 die ("AMT power change request failed: " . $res->status_line) unless $res->is_success;
732 $res->content() =~ /<g:ReturnValue>(\d+)<\/g:ReturnValue>/;
737 my ($host, $username, $password, $pstate)=@_;
738 my $schema="http://schemas.dmtf.org/wbem/wscim/1/cim-schema/2/CIM_PowerManagementService";
739 my $className="/RequestPowerStateChange";
740 my $content = genXML($host, $username, $password ,$schema, $className, $pstate);
741 return sendPOST($host, $username, $password, $content);
744 ($amt_user,$amt_password,$amt_host,$amt_port) = ($amt =~ /(?:(.*?)(?::(.*))?@)?([^:]*)(?::([0-9]*))?/);;
745 $amt_user ||= "admin";
746 $amt_password ||= $ENV{'AMT_PASSWORD'} || die "AMT password not specified";
747 $amt_host || die "AMT host not specified";
751 $target_power_off = sub {
753 my $result = powerChange($amt_host,$amt_user,$amt_password, "off");
754 die "AMT power off failed (ReturnValue $result)" if $result != 0;
757 $target_power_on = sub {
758 my $result = powerChange($amt_host,$amt_user,$amt_password, "on");
759 die "AMT power on failed (ReturnValue $result)" if $result != 0;
762 $target_reset = sub {
763 my $result = powerChange($amt_host,$amt_user,$amt_password, "reset");
765 print STDERR "Warning: Cannot reset $amt_host, trying power on. ";
766 $result = powerChange($amt_host,$amt_user,$amt_password, "on");
768 die "AMT reset failed (ReturnValue $result)" if $result != 0;
771 my $cmd = "amtterm -u $amt_user -p $amt_password $amt_host $amt_port";
772 print STDERR "novaboot: Running: $cmd\n" =~ s/\Q$amt_password\E/???/r;
773 $exp = Expect->spawn($cmd);
774 $exp->expect(10, "RUN_SOL") || die "Expect for 'RUN_SOL' timed out";
779 if ($remote_expect) {
780 $exp || die("No serial line connection");
781 my $log = $exp->log_stdout;
782 if (defined $remote_expect_silent) {
785 $exp->expect(180, $remote_expect) || die "Expect for '$remote_expect' timed out";
786 if (defined $remote_expect_silent) {
787 $exp->log_stdout($log);
788 print $exp->after() if $log;
792 if (defined $reset_cmd) {
793 $target_reset = sub {
794 system_verbose($reset_cmd);
798 if (defined $on_opt && defined $target_power_on) {
802 if (defined $off_opt && defined $target_power_off) {
803 print STDERR "novaboot: Switching the target off...\n";
804 &$target_power_off();
808 $builddir ||= dirname(File::Spec->rel2abs( ${$scripts[0]}{filename})) if scalar @scripts;
809 if (defined $builddir) {
810 chdir($builddir) or die "Can't change directory to $builddir: $!";
811 print STDERR "novaboot: Entering directory `$builddir'\n";
813 $builddir = $invocation_dir;
816 ## File generation phase
817 my (%files_iso, $menu_iso, $filename);
818 my $config_name = '';
821 foreach my $script (@scripts) {
822 $filename = $$script{filename};
823 $modules = $$script{modules};
824 $generated = $$script{generated};
825 $variables = $$script{variables};
827 ($config_name = $filename) =~ s#.*/##;
828 $config_name = $config_name_opt if (defined $config_name_opt);
830 if (exists $variables->{BUILDDIR}) {
831 $builddir = File::Spec->rel2abs($variables->{BUILDDIR});
832 chdir($builddir) or die "Can't change directory to $builddir: $!";
833 print STDERR "novaboot: Entering directory `$builddir'\n";
837 $prefix = $grub_prefix;
838 $prefix =~ s/\$NAME/$config_name/;
839 $prefix =~ s/\$BUILDDIR/$builddir/;
841 # TODO: use $grub_prefix as first parameter if some switch is given
842 generate_configs('', $generated, $filename);
844 ### Generate bootloader configuration files
845 my @bootloader_configs;
846 push @bootloader_configs, generate_grub_config($grub_config, $config_name, $prefix, $modules, $grub_preamble) if (defined $grub_config);
847 push @bootloader_configs, generate_grub2_config($grub2_config, $config_name, $prefix, $modules, $grub_preamble, $grub2_prolog) if (defined $grub2_config);
848 push @bootloader_configs, generate_pulsar_config('config-'.($pulsar||'novaboot'), $modules) if (defined $pulsar);
850 ### Run scons or make
852 my @files = map({ ($file) = m/([^ ]*)/; $file; } @$modules);
853 # Filter-out generated files
854 my @to_build = grep({ my $file = $_; !scalar(grep($file eq ($$_{filename} || ''), @$generated)) } @files);
856 system_verbose($scons || $CFG::scons." ".join(" ", @to_build)) if (defined $scons);
857 system_verbose($make || $CFG::make ." ".join(" ", @to_build)) if (defined $make);
860 ### Copy files (using rsync)
861 if (defined $server && !defined($gen_only)) {
862 (my $real_server = $server) =~ s/\$NAME/$config_name/;
864 my ($hostname, $path) = split(":", $real_server, 2);
865 if (! defined $path) {
869 my $files = join(" ", map({ ($file) = m/([^ ]*)/; $file; } ( @$modules, @bootloader_configs)));
870 map({ my $file = (split)[0]; die "$file: $!" if ! -f $file; } @$modules);
871 my $istty = -t STDOUT && ($ENV{'TERM'} || 'dumb') ne 'dumb';
872 my $progress = $istty ? "--progress" : "";
874 system_verbose("rsync $progress -RLp $rsync_flags $files $real_server");
875 if ($server =~ m|/\$NAME$| && $concat) {
876 my $cmd = join("; ", map { "( cd $path/.. && cat */$_ > $_ )" } @bootloader_configs);
877 system_verbose($hostname ? "ssh $hostname '$cmd'" : $cmd);
882 ### Prepare ISO image generation
883 if (defined $iso_image) {
884 generate_configs("(cd)", $generated, $filename);
886 generate_syslinux_config(\$menu, $config_name, "/", $modules);
887 $menu_iso .= "$menu\n";
888 map { ($file,undef) = split; $files_iso{$file} = 1; } @$modules;
892 ## Generate ISO image
893 if (defined $iso_image) {
894 system_verbose("mkdir -p isolinux");
897 if (-f '/usr/lib/ISOLINUX/isolinux.bin') {
898 # Newer ISOLINUX version
899 @files = qw(/usr/lib/ISOLINUX/isolinux.bin /usr/lib/syslinux/modules/bios/mboot.c32 /usr/lib/syslinux/modules/bios/libcom32.c32 /usr/lib/syslinux/modules/bios/menu.c32 /usr/lib/syslinux/modules/bios/ldlinux.c32);
901 # Older ISOLINUX version
902 @files = qw(/usr/lib/syslinux/isolinux.bin /usr/lib/syslinux/mboot.c32 /usr/lib/syslinux/menu.c32);
904 system_verbose("cp @files isolinux");
905 open(my $fh, ">isolinux/isolinux.cfg");
907 print $fh "TIMEOUT 50\n";
908 print $fh "DEFAULT menu\n";
910 print $fh "DEFAULT $config_name\n";
912 print $fh "$menu_iso";
915 my $files = join(" ", map("$_=$_", (keys(%files_iso), 'isolinux/isolinux.cfg', map(s|.*/|isolinux/|r, @files))));
916 $iso_image ||= "$config_name.iso";
918 # Note: We use -U flag below to "Allow 'untranslated' filenames,
919 # completely violating the ISO9660 standards". Without this
920 # option, isolinux is not able to read files names for example
922 system_verbose("$CFG::genisoimage -R -b isolinux/isolinux.bin -c isolinux/boot.cat -no-emul-boot -boot-load-size 4 -boot-info-table -hide-rr-moved -U -o $iso_image -graft-points $files");
923 print("ISO image created: $builddir/$iso_image\n");
926 exit(0) if defined $gen_only;
928 ## Boot the system using various methods and send serial output to stdout
930 if (scalar(@scripts) > 1 && ( defined $dhcp_tftp || defined $serial || defined $iprelay)) {
931 die "You cannot do this with multiple scripts simultaneously";
934 if ($variables->{WVTEST_TIMEOUT}) {
935 print STDERR "wvtest: timeout ", $variables->{WVTEST_TIMEOUT}, "\n";
942 $qemu ||= $variables->{QEMU} || $CFG::qemu;
943 my @qemu_flags = split(" ", $qemu);
944 $qemu = shift(@qemu_flags);
946 @qemu_flags = split(/ +/, trim($variables->{QEMU_FLAGS})) if exists $variables->{QEMU_FLAGS};
947 @qemu_flags = split(/ +/, trim($qemu_flags_cmd)) if $qemu_flags_cmd;
948 push(@qemu_flags, split(/ +/, trim($qemu_append || '')));
950 if (defined $iso_image) {
951 # Boot NOVA with grub (and test the iso image)
952 push(@qemu_flags, ('-cdrom', $iso_image));
954 # Boot NOVA without GRUB
956 # Non-patched qemu doesn't like commas, but NUL can live with pluses instead of commans
957 foreach (@$modules) {s/,/+/g;}
958 generate_configs("", $generated, $filename);
960 if (scalar @$modules) {
961 my ($kbin, $kcmd) = split(' ', shift(@$modules), 2);
962 $kcmd = '' if !defined $kcmd;
964 @$modules = map { if (/\.dtb$/) { $dtb=$_; (); } else { $_ } } @$modules;
965 my $initrd = join ",", @$modules;
967 push(@qemu_flags, ('-kernel', $kbin, '-append', $kcmd));
968 push(@qemu_flags, ('-initrd', $initrd)) if $initrd;
969 push(@qemu_flags, ('-dtb', $dtb)) if $dtb;
972 push(@qemu_flags, qw(-serial stdio)); # Redirect serial output (for collecting test restuls)
973 unshift(@qemu_flags, ('-name', $config_name));
974 print STDERR "novaboot: Running: ".shell_cmd_string($qemu, @qemu_flags)."\n";
975 $exp = Expect->spawn(($qemu, @qemu_flags)) || die("exec() failed: $!");
978 ### Local DHCPD and TFTPD
980 my ($dhcpd_pid, $tftpd_pid);
982 $tftp=1 if $tftp_port;
984 if (defined $dhcp_tftp)
986 generate_configs("(nd)", $generated, $filename);
987 system_verbose('mkdir -p tftpboot');
988 generate_grub_config("tftpboot/os-menu.lst", $config_name, "(nd)", \@$modules, "timeout 0");
989 open(my $fh, '>', 'dhcpd.conf');
990 my $mac = `cat /sys/class/net/$netif/address`;
992 print $fh "subnet 10.23.23.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
993 range 10.23.23.10 10.23.23.100;
994 filename \"bin/boot/grub/pxegrub.pxe\";
995 next-server 10.23.23.1;
998 hardware ethernet $mac;
999 fixed-address 10.23.23.1;
1002 system_verbose("sudo ip a add 10.23.23.1/24 dev $netif;
1003 sudo ip l set dev $netif up;
1004 sudo touch dhcpd.leases");
1006 # We run servers by forking ourselves, because the servers end up
1007 # in our process group and get killed by signals sent to the
1008 # process group (e.g. Ctrl-C on terminal).
1009 $dhcpd_pid = fork();
1010 exec_verbose("sudo dhcpd -d -cf dhcpd.conf -lf dhcpd.leases -pf dhcpd.pid") if ($dhcpd_pid == 0);
1013 if (defined $dhcp_tftp || defined $tftp) {
1015 # Unfortunately, tftpd requires root privileges even with
1016 # non-privileged (>1023) port due to initgroups().
1017 system_verbose("sudo in.tftpd --listen --secure -v -v -v --pidfile tftpd.pid --address :$tftp_port $builddir");
1019 # Kill server when we die
1020 $SIG{__DIE__} = sub { system_verbose('sudo pkill --pidfile=dhcpd.pid') if (defined $dhcp_tftp);
1021 system_verbose('sudo pkill --pidfile=tftpd.pid'); };
1023 # We have to kill tftpd explicitely, because it is not in our process group
1024 $SIG{INT} = sub { system_verbose('sudo pkill --pidfile=tftpd.pid'); exit(0); };
1028 if (defined $ider) {
1029 my $ider_cmd= "amtider -c $iso_image -u $amt_user -p $amt_password $amt_host $amt_port" ;
1030 print STDERR "novaboot: Running: $ider_cmd\n" =~ s/\Q$amt_password\E/???/r;
1031 my $ider_pid = fork();
1032 if ($ider_pid == 0) {
1034 die "IDE redirection failed";
1036 # FIXME: This collides with --tftp option. Hopefully, nobody needs
1037 # to use both simultaneously.
1038 $SIG{__DIE__} = sub { system_verbose('kill $ider_pid'); };
1041 ### Reset target (IP relay, AMT, ...)
1043 if (defined $target_reset && $reset) {
1044 print STDERR "novaboot: Reseting the test box... ";
1046 print STDERR "done\n";
1048 # We don't want to output anything printed by the target
1049 # before reset so we clear the buffers now. This is, however,
1050 # not ideal because we may loose some data that were sent
1051 # after the reset. If this is a problem, one should reset and
1052 # connect to serial line in atomic manner. For example, if
1053 # supported by hardware, use --remote-cmd 'sterm -d ...' and
1054 # do not use separate --reset-cmd.
1055 my $log = $exp->log_stdout;
1056 $exp->log_stdout(0);
1057 $exp->expect(0); # Read data from target
1058 $exp->clear_accum(); # Clear the read data
1059 $exp->log_stdout($log);
1063 ### U-boot conversation
1064 if (defined $uboot) {
1065 my $uboot_prompt = $uboot || '=> ';
1066 print STDERR "novaboot: Waiting for U-Boot prompt...\n";
1067 $exp || die("No serial line connection");
1068 $exp->log_stdout(1);
1069 #$exp->exp_internal(1);
1071 [qr/Hit any key to stop autoboot:/, sub { $exp->send("\n"); exp_continue; }],
1072 $uboot_prompt) || die "No U-Boot prompt deteceted";
1073 foreach my $cmdspec (@uboot_init) {
1074 my ($cmd, $timeout);
1075 if (ref($cmdspec) eq "HASH") {
1076 $cmd = $cmdspec->{command};
1077 $timeout = $cmdspec->{timeout};
1082 if ($cmd =~ /\$NB_MYIP/) {
1083 my $ip = (grep /inet /, `ip addr show $netif`)[0] || die "Problem determining our IP address";
1084 $ip =~ s/\s*inet ([0-9.]*).*/$1/;
1085 $cmd =~ s/\$NB_MYIP/$ip/g;
1087 if ($cmd =~ /\$NB_PREFIX/) {
1090 $cmd =~ s/\$NB_PREFIX/$p/g;
1093 $exp->send("$cmd\n");
1094 $exp->expect($timeout, $uboot_prompt) || die "U-Boot prompt timeout";
1097 # Load files if there are some load lines in the script
1098 if (scalar(@$modules) > 0 && !$variables->{NO_BOOT}) {
1099 my ($kbin, $kcmd) = split(' ', shift(@$modules), 2);
1101 @$modules = map { if (/\.dtb$/) { $dtb=$_; (); } else { $_ } } @$modules;
1102 my $initrd = shift @$modules;
1104 if (defined $kbin) {
1105 die "No '--uboot-addr kernel' given" unless $uboot_addr{kernel};
1106 $exp->send("tftpboot $uboot_addr{kernel} $prefix$kbin\n");
1108 [qr/##/, sub { exp_continue; }],
1109 $uboot_prompt) || die "Kernel load timeout";
1112 die "No '--uboot-addr fdt' given" unless $uboot_addr{fdt};
1113 $exp->send("tftpboot $uboot_addr{fdt} $prefix$dtb\n");
1115 [qr/##/, sub { exp_continue; }],
1116 $uboot_prompt) || die "Device tree load timeout";
1118 if (defined $initrd) {
1119 die "No '--uboot-addr ramdisk' given" unless $uboot_addr{ramdisk};
1120 $exp->send("tftpboot $uboot_addr{ramdisk} $prefix$initrd\n");
1122 [qr/##/, sub { exp_continue; }],
1123 $uboot_prompt) || die "Initrd load timeout";
1125 $uboot_addr{ramdisk} = '-';
1129 $exp->send("setenv bootargs $kcmd\n");
1130 $exp->expect(5, $uboot_prompt) || die "U-Boot prompt timeout";
1133 $uboot_cmd //= $variables->{UBOOT_CMD} // 'bootm $kernel_addr $ramdisk_addr $fdt_addr';
1134 if (!$variables->{NO_BOOT} && $uboot_cmd ne '') {
1135 $uboot_cmd =~ s/\$kernel_addr/$uboot_addr{kernel}/g;
1136 $uboot_cmd =~ s/\$ramdisk_addr/$uboot_addr{ramdisk}/g;
1137 $uboot_cmd =~ s/\$fdt_addr/$uboot_addr{fdt}/g;
1139 $exp->send($uboot_cmd . "\n");
1140 $exp->expect(5, "\n") || die "U-Boot command timeout";
1144 ### Serial line interaction
1145 if ($interaction && defined $exp) {
1146 # Serial line of the target is available
1147 my $interrupt = 'Ctrl-C';
1148 if ($interactive && !@exiton) {
1149 $interrupt = '"~~."';
1151 print STDERR "novaboot: Serial line interaction (press $interrupt to interrupt)...\n";
1152 $exp->log_stdout(1);
1154 $exp->expect($exiton_timeout, @expect_raw, @exiton) || die("exiton timeout");
1156 my @inputs = ($exp);
1157 my $infile = new IO::File;
1158 $infile->IO::File::fdopen(*STDIN,'r');
1159 my $in_object = Expect->exp_init($infile);
1160 $in_object->set_group($exp);
1163 $in_object->set_seq('~~\.', sub { print STDERR "novaboot: Escape sequence detected\r\n"; undef; });
1164 $in_object->manual_stty(0); # Use raw terminal mode
1166 $in_object->manual_stty(1); # Do not modify terminal settings
1168 push(@inputs, $in_object);
1170 #print Dumper(\@expect_raw);
1171 $exp->expect(undef, @expect_raw) if @expect_raw;
1172 Expect::interconnect(@inputs) unless defined($exp->exitstatus);
1176 ## Kill dhcpc or tftpd
1177 if (defined $dhcp_tftp || defined $tftp) {
1178 die("novaboot: This should kill servers on background\n");
1181 # Always finish novaboot output with newline
1182 print "\n" if $final_eol;
1189 novaboot - Boots a locally compiled operating system on a remote
1196 B<novaboot> [option]... [--] script...
1198 B<./script> [option]...
1202 Novaboot makes booting of a locally compiled operating system (OS)
1203 (e.g. NOVA or Linux) on remote targets as simple as running a program
1204 locally. It automates things like copying OS images to a TFTP server,
1205 generation of bootloader configuration files, resetting of target
1206 hardware or redirection of target's serial line to stdin/out. Novaboot
1207 is highly configurable and makes it easy to boot a single image on
1208 different targets or different images on a single target.
1210 Novaboot operation is controlled by configuration files, command line
1211 options and by a so called novaboot script, which can be thought as a
1212 generalization of bootloader configuration files (see L</"NOVABOOT
1213 SCRIPT SYNTAX">). Typical way of using novaboot is to make the
1214 novaboot script executable and set its first line to I<#!/usr/bin/env
1215 novaboot>. Then, booting a particular OS configuration becomes the
1216 same as executing a local program – the novaboot script.
1218 Novaboot uses configuration files to, among other things, define
1219 command line options needed for different targets. Users typically use
1220 only the B<-t>/B<--target> command line option to select the target.
1221 Internally, this option expands to the pre-configured options.
1222 Configuration files are searched at multiple places, which allows to
1223 have per-system, per-user or per-project configurations. Configuration
1224 file syntax is described in section L</"CONFIGURATION FILES">.
1226 Simple examples of using C<novaboot>:
1232 Run an OS in Qemu. This can be specified with the B<--qemu> option.
1235 novaboot --qemu myos
1237 (or C<./myos --qemu> as described above) will run Qemu and make it
1238 boot the configuration specified in the F<myos> script.
1242 Create a bootloader configuration file (currently supported
1243 bootloaders are GRUB, GRUB2, ISOLINUX, Pulsar and U-Boot) and copy it
1244 with all other files needed for booting to a remote boot server. Then
1245 use a TCP/IP-controlled relay/serial-to-TCP converter to reset the
1246 target and receive its serial output.
1248 ./myos --grub2 --server=192.168.1.1:/tftp --iprelay=192.168.1.2
1250 Alternatively, you can put these switches to the configuration file
1253 ./myos --target mytarget
1257 Run DHCP and TFTP server on developer's machine to boot the target
1262 This is useful when no network infrastructure is in place and
1263 the target is connected directly to developer's box.
1267 Create bootable ISO image.
1269 novaboot --iso -- script1 script2
1271 The created ISO image will have ISOLINUX bootloader installed on it
1272 and the boot menu will allow selecting between I<script1> and
1273 I<script2> configurations.
1277 =head1 PHASES AND OPTIONS
1279 Novaboot performs its work in several phases. Each phase can be
1280 influenced by several command line options, certain phases can be
1281 skipped. The list of phases (in the execution order) is as follows.
1285 =item 1. L<Configuration reading|/Configuration reading phase>
1287 =item 2. L<Command line processing|/Command line processing phase>
1289 =item 3. L<Script preprocessing|/Script preprocessing phase>
1291 =item 4. L<File generation|/File generation phase>
1293 =item 5. L<Target connection|/Target connection check>
1295 =item 6. L<File deployment|/File deployment phase>
1297 =item 7. L<Target power-on and reset|/Target power-on and reset phase>
1299 =item 8. L<Interaction with the bootloader|/Interaction with the bootloader on the target>
1301 =item 9. L<Target interaction|/Target interaction phase>
1305 Each phase is described in the following sections together with the
1306 command line options that control it.
1308 =head2 Configuration reading phase
1310 After starting, novaboot reads configuration files. Their content is
1311 described in section L</"CONFIGURATION FILES">. By default,
1312 configuration is read from multiple locations. First from the system
1313 configuration directory (F</etc/novaboot.d/>), second from the user
1314 configuration file (F<~/.config/novaboot>) and third from F<.novaboot>
1315 files along the path to the current directory. Alternatively, a single
1316 configuration file specified with the B<-c> switch or with the
1317 C<NOVABOOT_CONFIG> environment variable is read. The latter read files
1318 override settings from the former ones.
1320 The system configuration directory is determined by the content of
1321 NOVABOOT_CONFIG_DIR environment variable and defaults to
1322 F</etc/novaboot.d>. Files in this directory with names consisting
1323 solely of English letters, numbers, dashes '-' and underscores '_'
1324 (note that dot '.' is not included) are read in alphabetical order.
1326 Then, the user configuration file is read from
1327 F<$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/novaboot>. If C<$XDG_CONFIG_HOME> environemnt
1328 variable is not set F<~/.config/novaboot> is read instead.
1330 Finally, novaboot searches for files named F<.novaboot> starting from the
1331 directory of the novaboot script (or working directory, see bellow)
1332 and continuing upwards up to the root directory. The found
1333 configuration files are then read in the opposite order (i.e. from the
1334 root directory downwards). This allows to have, for example, a project
1335 specific configuration in F<~/project/.novaboot>.
1337 Note the difference between F<~/.config/novaboot> and F<~/.novaboot>.
1338 The former one is read always, whereas the latter only when novaboot
1339 script or working directory is under the C<$HOME> directory.
1341 In certain cases, the location of the novaboot script cannot be
1342 determined in this early phase. This happens either when the script is
1343 read from the standard input or when novaboot is invoked explicitly as
1344 in the example L</"4."> above. In this case the current working
1345 directory is used as a starting point for configuration file search
1346 instead of the novaboot script directory.
1350 =item -c, --config=I<filename>
1352 Use the specified configuration file instead of the default one(s).
1356 =head2 Command line processing phase
1362 Dump the current configuration to stdout end exit. Useful as an
1363 initial template for a configuration file.
1367 Print short (B<-h>) or long (B<--help>) help.
1369 =item -t, --target=I<target>
1371 This option serves as a user configurable shortcut for other novaboot
1372 options. The effect of this option is the same as specifying the
1373 options stored in the C<%targets> configuration variable under key
1374 I<target>. See also L</"CONFIGURATION FILES">.
1376 When this option is not given, novaboot tries to determine the target
1377 to use from either B<NOVABOOT_TARGET> environment variable or from
1378 B<$default_target> configuration file variable.
1382 =head2 Script preprocessing phase
1384 This phases allows to modify the parsed novaboot script before it is
1385 used in the later phases.
1389 =item -a, --append=I<parameters>
1391 Append a string to the first C<load> line in the novaboot script. This
1392 can be used to append parameters to the kernel's or root task's
1393 command line. This option can appear multiple times.
1397 Use F<bender> chainloader. Bender scans the PCI bus for PCI serial
1398 ports and stores the information about them in the BIOS data area for
1401 =item --chainloader=I<chainloader>
1403 Specifies a chainloader that is loaded before the kernel and other
1404 files specified in the novaboot script. E.g. 'bin/boot/bender
1409 Print the modules to boot and their parameters after this phase
1410 finishes. Then exit. This is useful for seeing the effect of other
1411 options in this section.
1413 =item -k, --kernel=F<file>
1415 Replace the first word on the first C<load> line in the novaboot
1416 script with F<file>.
1418 =item --scriptmod=I<perl expression>
1420 When novaboot script is read, I<perl expression> is executed for every
1421 line (in $_ variable). For example, C<novaboot
1422 --scriptmod=s/sigma0/omega6/g> replaces every occurrence of I<sigma0>
1423 in the script with I<omega6>.
1425 When this option is present, it overrides I<$script_modifier> variable
1426 from the configuration file, which has the same effect. If this option
1427 is given multiple times all expressions are evaluated in the command
1432 =head2 File generation phase
1434 In this phase, files needed for booting are generated in a so called
1435 I<build directory> (see L</--build-dir>). In most cases configuration
1436 for a bootloader is generated automatically by novaboot. It is also
1437 possible to generate other files using I<heredoc> or I<"<"> syntax in
1438 novaboot scripts. Finally, binaries can be generated in this phases by
1439 running C<scons> or C<make>.
1443 =item --build-dir=I<directory>
1445 Overrides the default build directory location.
1447 The default build directory location is determined as follows: If the
1448 configuration file defines the C<$builddir> variable, its value is
1449 used. Otherwise, it is the directory that contains the first processed
1452 See also L</BUILDDIR> variable.
1454 =item -g, --grub[=I<filename>]
1456 Generates grub bootloader menu file. If the I<filename> is not
1457 specified, F<menu.lst> is used. The I<filename> is relative to the
1458 build directory (see B<--build-dir>).
1460 =item --grub-preamble=I<prefix>
1462 Specifies the I<preable> that is at the beginning of the generated
1463 GRUB or GRUB2 config files. This is useful for specifying GRUB's
1466 =item --prefix=I<prefix>
1468 Specifies I<prefix> (e.g. F</srv/tftp>) that is put in front of every
1469 file name in generated bootloader configuration files (or in U-Boot
1472 If the I<prefix> contains string $NAME, it will be replaced with the
1473 name of the novaboot script (see also B<--name>).
1475 If the I<prefix> contains string $BUILDDIR, it will be replaced with
1476 the build directory (see also B<--build-dir>).
1480 Alias for B<--prefix>.
1482 =item --grub2[=I<filename>]
1484 Generate GRUB2 menu entry in I<filename>. If I<filename> is not
1485 specified F<grub.cfg> is used. The content of the menu entry can be
1486 customized with B<--grub-preamble>, B<--grub2-prolog> or
1487 B<--grub_prefix> options.
1489 In order to use the the generated menu entry on your development
1490 machine that uses GRUB2, append the following snippet to
1491 F</etc/grub.d/40_custom> file and regenerate your grub configuration,
1492 i.e. run update-grub on Debian/Ubuntu.
1494 if [ -f /path/to/nul/build/grub.cfg ]; then
1495 source /path/to/nul/build/grub.cfg
1498 =item --grub2-prolog=I<prolog>
1500 Specifies text that is put at the beginning of the GRUB2 menu entry.
1502 =item -m, --make[=make command]
1504 Runs C<make> to build files that are not generated by novaboot itself.
1506 =item --name=I<string>
1508 Use the name I<string> instead of the name of the novaboot script.
1509 This name is used for things like a title of grub menu or for the
1510 server directory where the boot files are copied to.
1514 Do not run external commands to generate files (i.e. "<" syntax and
1515 C<run> keyword). This switch does not influence generation of files
1516 specified with "<<WORD" syntax.
1518 =item -p, --pulsar[=mac]
1520 Generates pulsar bootloader configuration file named F<config-I<mac>>
1521 The I<mac> string is typically a MAC address and defaults to
1524 =item --scons[=scons command]
1526 Runs C<scons> to build files that are not generated by novaboot
1531 Strip I<rom://> prefix from command lines and generated config files.
1532 The I<rom://> prefix is used by NUL. For NRE, it has to be stripped.
1536 Exit novaboot after file generation phase.
1540 =head2 Target connection check
1542 If supported by the target, the connection to it is made and it is
1543 checked whether the target is not occupied by another novaboot
1548 =item --amt=I<"[user[:password]@]host[:port]>
1550 Use Intel AMT technology to control the target machine. WS management
1551 is used to powercycle it and Serial-Over-Lan (SOL) for input/output.
1552 The hostname or (IP address) is given by the I<host> parameter. If
1553 I<password> is not specified, environment variable AMT_PASSWORD is
1554 used. The I<port> specifies a TCP port for SOL. If not specified, the
1555 default is 16992. Default I<user> is admin.
1557 =item --iprelay=I<addr[:port]>
1559 Use TCP/IP relay and serial port to access the target's serial port
1560 and powercycle it. The IP address of the relay is given by I<addr>
1561 parameter. If I<port> is not specified, it default to 23.
1563 Note: This option is supposed to work with HWG-ER02a IP relays.
1565 =item -s, --serial[=device]
1567 Target's serial line is connected to host's serial line (device). The
1568 default value for device is F</dev/ttyUSB0>.
1570 The value of this option is exported in NB_NOVABOOT environment
1571 variable to all subprocesses run by C<novaboot>.
1573 =item --stty=I<settings>
1575 Specifies settings passed to C<stty> invoked on the serial line
1576 specified with B<--serial> option. If this option is not given,
1577 C<stty> is called with C<raw -crtscts -onlcr 115200> settings.
1579 =item --remote-cmd=I<cmd>
1581 Command that mediates connection to the target's serial line. For
1582 example C<ssh server 'cu -l /dev/ttyS0'>.
1584 =item --remote-expect=I<string>
1586 Wait for reception of I<string> after establishing the remote
1589 =item --remote-expect-silent=I<string>
1591 The same as B<--remote-expect> except that the remote output is not
1592 echoed to stdout while waiting for the I<string>. Everything after the
1593 matched string is printed to stdout, so you may want to include line
1594 end characters in the I<string> as well.
1598 =head2 File deployment phase
1600 In some setups, it is necessary to copy the files needed for booting
1601 to a particular location, e.g. to a TFTP boot server or to the
1606 =item -d, --dhcp-tftp
1608 Turns your workstation into a DHCP and TFTP server so that the OS can
1609 be booted via PXE BIOS (or similar mechanism) on the test machine
1610 directly connected by a plain Ethernet cable to your workstation.
1612 The DHCP and TFTP servers requires root privileges and C<novaboot>
1613 uses C<sudo> command to obtain those. You can put the following to
1614 I</etc/sudoers> to allow running the necessary commands without asking
1617 Cmnd_Alias NOVABOOT = /bin/ip a add 10.23.23.1/24 dev eth0, /bin/ip l set dev eth0 up, /usr/sbin/dhcpd -d -cf dhcpd.conf -lf dhcpd.leases -pf dhcpd.pid, /usr/sbin/in.tftpd --listen --secure -v -v -v --pidfile tftpd.pid *, /usr/bin/touch dhcpd.leases, /usr/bin/pkill --pidfile=dhcpd.pid, /usr/bin/pkill --pidfile=tftpd.pid
1618 your_login ALL=NOPASSWD: NOVABOOT
1622 Starts a TFTP server on your workstation. This is similar to
1623 B<--dhcp-tftp> except that DHCP server is not started.
1625 The TFTP server require root privileges and C<novaboot> uses C<sudo>
1626 command to obtain those. You can put the following to I</etc/sudoers>
1627 to allow running the necessary commands without asking for password.
1629 Cmnd_Alias NOVABOOT = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd --listen --secure -v -v -v --pidfile tftpd.pid *, /usr/bin/pkill --pidfile=tftpd.pid
1630 your_login ALL=NOPASSWD: NOVABOOT
1632 =item --tftp-port=I<port>
1634 Port to run the TFTP server on. Implies B<--tftp>.
1636 =item --netif=I<network interface>
1638 Network interface used to deploy files to the target. Default value is
1639 I<eth0>. This influences the configuration of the DHCP server started
1640 by B<--dhcp-tftp> and the value that B<$NB_MYIP> get replaced with in
1641 U-Boot conversation.
1643 =item --iso[=filename]
1645 Generates the ISO image that boots NOVA system via GRUB. If no filename
1646 is given, the image is stored under I<NAME>.iso, where I<NAME> is the name
1647 of the novaboot script (see also B<--name>).
1649 =item --server[=[[user@]server:]path]
1651 Copy all files needed for booting to another location. The files will
1652 be copied (by B<rsync> tool) to the directory I<path>. If the I<path>
1653 contains string $NAME, it will be replaced with the name of the
1654 novaboot script (see also B<--name>).
1656 =item --rsync-flags=I<flags>
1658 Specifies which I<flags> are appended to F<rsync> command line when
1659 copying files as a result of I<--server> option.
1663 If B<--server> is used and its value ends with $NAME, then after
1664 copying the files, a new bootloader configuration file (e.g. menu.lst)
1665 is created at I<path-wo-name>, i.e. the path specified by B<--server>
1666 with $NAME part removed. The content of the file is created by
1667 concatenating all files of the same name from all subdirectories of
1668 I<path-wo-name> found on the "server".
1672 Use Intel AMT technology for IDE redirection. This allows the target
1673 machine to boot from novaboot created ISO image. Implies B<--iso>.
1675 The experimental C<amtider> utility needed by this option can be
1676 obtained from https://github.com/wentasah/amtterm.
1680 =head2 Target power-on and reset phase
1682 At this point, the target is reset (or switched on/off). There is
1683 several ways how this can be accomplished. Resetting a physical target
1684 can currently be accomplished by the following options: B<--amt>,
1685 B<--iprelay>, B<--reset-cmd>.
1691 Switch on/off the target machine and exit. The script (if any) is
1692 completely ignored. Currently it works only with B<--iprelay> or
1695 =item -Q, --qemu[=I<qemu-binary>]
1697 Boot the configuration in qemu. Optionally, the name of qemu binary
1698 can be specified as a parameter.
1700 =item --qemu-append=I<flags>
1702 Append I<flags> to the default qemu flags (QEMU_FLAGS variable or
1703 C<-cpu coreduo -smp 2>).
1705 =item -q, --qemu-flags=I<flags>
1707 Replace the default qemu flags (QEMU_FLAGS variable or C<-cpu coreduo
1708 -smp 2>) with I<flags> specified here.
1710 =item --reset-cmd=I<cmd>
1712 Command that resets the target.
1714 =item --no-reset, --reset
1716 Disable/enable resetting of the target.
1720 =head2 Interaction with the bootloader on the target
1724 =item --uboot[=I<prompt>]
1726 Interact with U-Boot bootloader to boot the thing described in the
1727 novaboot script. I<prompt> specifies the U-Boot's prompt (default is
1728 "=> ", other common prompts are "U-Boot> " or "U-Boot# ").
1729 Implementation of this option is currently tied to a particular board
1730 that we use. It may be subject to changes in the future!
1734 Disable U-Boot interaction previously enabled with B<--uboot>.
1738 Command(s) to send the U-Boot bootloader before loading the images and
1739 booting them. This option can be given multiple times. After sending
1740 commands from each option novaboot waits for U-Boot I<prompt>.
1742 If the command contains string I<$NB_MYIP> then this string is
1743 replaced by IPv4 address of eth0 interface (see also B<--netif>).
1744 Similarly I<$NB_PREFIX> is replaced with prefix given by B<--prefix>.
1746 See also C<uboot> keyword in L</"NOVABOOT SCRIPT SYNTAX">).
1748 =item --uboot-addr I<name>=I<address>
1750 Load address of U-Boot's C<tftpboot> command for loading I<name>,
1751 where name is one of I<kernel>, I<ramdisk> or I<fdt> (flattened device
1754 The default addresses are ${I<name>_addr_r}, i.e. U-Boot environment
1755 variables used by convention for this purpose.
1757 =item --uboot-cmd=I<command>
1759 Specifies U-Boot command used to execute the OS. If the command
1760 contains strings C<$kernel_addr>, C<$ramdisk_addr>, C<$fdt_addr>,
1761 these are replaced with the addresses configured with B<--uboot-addr>.
1763 The default value is
1765 bootm $kernel_addr $ramdisk_addr $fdt_addr
1767 or the C<UBOOT_CMD> variable if defined in the novaboot script.
1771 =head2 Target interaction phase
1773 In this phase, target's serial output is redirected to stdout and if
1774 stdin is a TTY, it is redirected to the target's serial input allowing
1775 interactive work with the target.
1779 =item --exiton=I<string>
1781 When I<string> is sent by the target, novaboot exits. This option can
1782 be specified multiple times, in which case novaboot exits whenever
1783 either of the specified strings is sent.
1785 If I<string> is C<-re>, then the next B<--exiton>'s I<string> is
1786 treated as regular expression. For example:
1788 --exiton -re --exiton 'error:.*failed'
1790 =item --exiton-re=I<regex>
1792 The same as --exiton -re --exiton I<regex>.
1794 =item --exiton-timeout=I<seconds>
1796 By default B<--exiton> waits for the string match forever. When this
1797 option is specified, "exiton" timeouts after the specifies number of
1798 seconds and novaboot returns non-zero exit code.
1800 =item -i, --interactive
1802 Setup things for interactive use of target. Your terminal will be
1803 switched to raw mode. In raw mode, your system does not process input
1804 in any way (no echoing of entered characters, no interpretation
1805 special characters). This, among others, means that Ctrl-C is passed
1806 to the target and does no longer interrupt novaboot. Use "~~."
1807 sequence to exit novaboot.
1809 =item --no-interaction, --interaction
1811 Skip resp. force target interaction phase. When skipped, novaboot exits
1812 immediately when boot is initiated.
1814 =item --expect=I<string>
1816 When I<string> is received from the target, send the string specified
1817 with the subsequent B<--send*> option to the target.
1819 =item --expect-re=I<regex>
1821 When target's output matches regular expression I<regex>, send the
1822 string specified with the subsequent B<--send*> option to the target.
1824 =item --expect-raw=I<perl-code>
1826 Provides direct control over Perl's Expect module.
1828 =item --send=I<string>
1830 Send I<string> to the target after the previously specified
1831 B<--expect*> was matched in the target's output. The I<string> may
1832 contain escape sequences such as "\n".
1834 Note that I<string> is actually interpreted by Perl, so it can contain
1835 much more that escape sequences. This behavior may change in the
1838 Example: C<--expect='login: ' --send='root\n'>
1840 =item --sendcont=I<string>
1842 Similar to B<--send> but continue expecting more input.
1844 Example: C<--expect='Continue?' --sendcont='yes\n'>
1846 =item --final-eol, --no-final-eol
1848 By default, B<novaboot> always prints an end-of-line character at the
1849 end of its execution in order to ensure that the output of programs
1850 started after novaboot appears at the beginning of the line. When this
1851 is not desired B<--no-final-eol> option can be used to override this
1856 =head1 NOVABOOT SCRIPT SYNTAX
1858 The syntax tries to mimic POSIX shell syntax. The syntax is defined
1859 with the following rules.
1861 Lines starting with "#" and empty lines are ignored.
1863 Lines that end with "\" are concatenated with the following line after
1864 removal of the final "\" and leading whitespace of the following line.
1866 Lines of the form I<VARIABLE=...> (i.e. matching '^[A-Z_]+=' regular
1867 expression) assign values to internal variables. See L</VARIABLES>
1870 Lines starting with C<load> keyword represent modules to boot. The
1871 word after C<load> is a file name (relative to the build directory
1872 (see B<--build-dir>) of the module to load and the remaining words are
1873 passed to it as the command line parameters.
1875 When the C<load> line ends with "<<WORD" then the subsequent lines
1876 until the line containing solely WORD are copied literally to the file
1877 named on that line. This is similar to shell's heredoc feature.
1879 When the C<load> line ends with "< CMD" then command CMD is executed
1880 with F</bin/sh> and its standard output is stored in the file named on
1881 that line. The SRCDIR variable in CMD's environment is set to the
1882 absolute path of the directory containing the interpreted novaboot
1885 Lines starting with C<run> keyword contain shell commands that are run
1886 during file generation phase. This is the same as the "< CMD" syntax
1887 for C<load> keyboard except that the command's output is not
1888 redirected to a file. The ordering of commands is the same as they
1889 appear in the novaboot script.
1891 Lines starting with C<uboot> represent U-Boot commands that are sent
1892 to the target if B<--uboot> option is given. Having a U-Boot line in
1893 the novaboot script is the same as passing an equivalent
1894 B<--uboot-init> option to novaboot. The C<uboot> keyword can be
1895 suffixed with timeout specification. The syntax is C<uboot:Ns>, where
1896 C<N> is the whole number of seconds. If the U-Boot command prompt does
1897 not appear before the timeout, novaboot fails. The default timeout is
1902 #!/usr/bin/env novaboot
1903 load bzImage console=ttyS0,115200
1904 run make -C buildroot
1905 load rootfs.cpio < gen_cpio buildroot/images/rootfs.cpio "myapp->/etc/init.d/S99myapp"
1907 Example (NOVA User Land - NUL):
1909 #!/usr/bin/env novaboot
1910 WVDESC=Example program
1911 load bin/apps/sigma0.nul S0_DEFAULT script_start:1,1 \
1912 verbose hostkeyb:0,0x60,1,12,2
1913 load bin/apps/hello.nul
1914 load hello.nulconfig <<EOF
1915 sigma0::mem:16 name::/s0/log name::/s0/timer name::/s0/fs/rom ||
1916 rom://bin/apps/hello.nul
1919 This example will load three modules: F<sigma0.nul>, F<hello.nul> and
1920 F<hello.nulconfig>. sigma0 receives some command line parameters and
1921 F<hello.nulconfig> file is generated on the fly from the lines between
1922 C<<<EOF> and C<EOF>.
1926 The following variables are interpreted in the novaboot script:
1932 Novaboot chdir()s to this directory before file generation phase. The
1933 directory name specified here is relative to the build directory
1934 specified by other means (see L</--build-dir>).
1938 Assigning this variable has the same effect as specifying L</--exiton>
1941 =item HYPERVISOR_PARAMS
1943 Parameters passed to hypervisor. The default value is "serial", unless
1944 overridden in configuration file.
1948 The kernel to use instead of the hypervisor specified in the
1949 configuration file with the C<$hypervisor> variable. The value should
1950 contain the name of the kernel image as well as its command line
1951 parameters. If this variable is defined and non-empty, the variable
1952 HYPERVISOR_PARAMS is not used.
1956 If this variable is 1, the system is not booted. This is currently
1957 only implemented for U-Boot bootloader where it is useful for
1958 interacting with the bootloader without booting the system - e.g. for
1963 Use a specific qemu binary (can be overridden with B<-Q>) and flags
1964 when booting this script under qemu. If QEMU_FLAGS variable is also
1965 specified flags specified in QEMU variable are replaced by those in
1970 Use specific qemu flags (can be overridden with B<-q>).
1974 See L</--uboot-cmd>.
1978 Description of the WvTest-compliant program.
1980 =item WVTEST_TIMEOUT
1982 The timeout in seconds for WvTest harness. If no complete line appears
1983 in the test output within the time specified here, the test fails. It
1984 is necessary to specify this for long running tests that produce no
1985 intermediate output.
1989 =head1 CONFIGURATION FILES
1991 Novaboot can read its configuration from one or more files. By
1992 default, novaboot looks for files in F</etc/novaboot.d>, file
1993 F<~/.config/novaboot> and files named F<.novaboot> as described in
1994 L</Configuration reading phase>. Alternatively, configuration file
1995 location can be specified with the B<-c> switch or with the
1996 NOVABOOT_CONFIG environment variable. The configuration file has Perl
1997 syntax (i.e. it is better to put C<1;> as the last line) and should set
1998 values of certain Perl variables. The current configuration can be
1999 dumped with the B<--dump-config> switch. Some configuration variables
2000 can be overridden by environment variables (see below) or by command
2003 Supported configuration variables include:
2009 Build directory location relative to the location of the configuration
2012 =item $default_target
2014 Default target (see below) to use when no target is explicitly
2015 specified with the B<--target> command line option or
2016 B<NOVABOOT_TARGET> environment variable.
2020 Hash of target definitions to be used with the B<--target> option. The
2021 key is the identifier of the target, the value is the string with
2022 command line options. For instance, if the configuration file contains:
2024 $targets{'mybox'} = '--server=boot:/tftproot --serial=/dev/ttyUSB0 --grub',
2026 then the following two commands are equivalent:
2028 ./myos --server=boot:/tftproot --serial=/dev/ttyUSB0 --grub
2033 =head1 ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
2035 Some options can be specified not only via config file or command line
2036 but also through environment variables. Environment variables override
2037 the values from configuration file and command line parameters
2038 override the environment variables.
2042 =item NOVABOOT_CONFIG
2044 Name of the novaboot configuration file to use instead of the default
2047 =item NOVABOOT_CONFIG_DIR
2049 Name of the novaboot configuration directory. When not specified
2050 F</etc/novaboot.d> is used.
2052 =item NOVABOOT_TARGET
2054 Name of the novaboot target to use. This overrides the value of
2055 B<$default_target> from the configuration file and can be overriden
2056 with the B<--target> command line option.
2058 =item NOVABOOT_BENDER
2060 Defining this variable has the same meaning as B<--bender> option.
2066 Michal Sojka <sojka@os.inf.tu-dresden.de>
2068 Latest novaboot version can be found at
2069 L<https://github.com/wentasah/novaboot>.
2073 # LocalWords: novaboot Novaboot NOVABOOT TFTP PXE DHCP filename stty
2074 # LocalWords: chainloader stdout Qemu qemu preprocessing ISOLINUX bootable
2075 # LocalWords: config subprocesses sudo sudoers tftp dhcp IDE stdin
2076 # LocalWords: subdirectories TTY whitespace heredoc POSIX WvTest