3 # This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
4 # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
5 # the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or
6 # (at your option) any later version.
8 # This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
9 # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
10 # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
11 # GNU General Public License for more details.
13 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
14 # along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
20 use warnings (exists $ENV{NOVABOOT_TEST} ? (FATAL => 'all') : ());
21 use Getopt::Long qw(GetOptionsFromString GetOptionsFromArray);
26 use Time::HiRes("usleep");
30 use POSIX qw(:errno_h sysconf);
31 use Cwd qw(getcwd abs_path);
37 my $invocation_dir = $ENV{PWD} || getcwd();
39 ## Configuration file handling
41 # Default configuration
42 $CFG::hypervisor = "";
43 $CFG::hypervisor_params = "serial";
44 $CFG::genisoimage = "genisoimage";
45 $CFG::qemu = 'qemu-system-i386 -cpu coreduo -smp 2';
46 $CFG::default_target = '';
49 "tud" => '--server=erwin.inf.tu-dresden.de:~sojka/boot/novaboot --rsync-flags="--chmod=Dg+s,ug+w,o-w,+rX --rsync-path=\"umask 002 && rsync\"" --grub --grub-prefix=(nd)/tftpboot/sojka/novaboot --grub-preamble="timeout 0" --concat --iprelay=141.76.48.80:2324 --scriptmod=s/\\\\bhostserial\\\\b/hostserialpci/g',
50 "novabox" => '--server=novabox@rtime.felk.cvut.cz:/srv/tftp/novaboot --rsync-flags="--chmod=Dg+s,ug+w,o-w,+rX --rsync-path=\"umask 002 && rsync\"" --pulsar --iprelay-cmd="ssh -tt novabox@rtime.felk.cvut.cz nc localhost 2324"',
51 "localhost" => '--scriptmod=s/console=tty[A-Z0-9,]+// --server=/boot/novaboot/$NAME --grub2 --grub-prefix=/boot/novaboot/$NAME --grub2-prolog=" set root=\'(hd0,msdos1)\'"',
52 "ryu" => '--uboot --uboot-init="mw f0000b00 \${psc_cfg}; sleep 1" --uboot-addr kernel=800000 --uboot-addr ramdisk=b00000 --uboot-addr fdt=7f0000',
53 "ryuglab" => '--target ryu --server=pc-sojkam.felk.cvut.cz:/srv/tftp --remote-cmd="ssh -tt pc-sojkam.felk.cvut.cz \"sterm -d -s 115200 /dev/ttyUSB0\""',
54 "ryulocal" => '--target ryu --dhcp-tftp --serial --reset-cmd="if which dtrrts; then dtrrts $NB_SERIAL 0 1; sleep 0.1; dtrrts $NB_SERIAL 1 1; fi"',
59 $const{linux}->{_SC_NPROCESSORS_CONF} = 83;
60 my $nproc = sysconf($const{$^O}->{_SC_NPROCESSORS_CONF});
62 $CFG::scons = "scons -j$nproc";
63 $CFG::make = "make -j$nproc";
71 package CFG; # Put config data into a separate namespace
77 die("ERROR: Failure compiling '$cfg' - $@");
78 } elsif (! defined($rc)) {
79 die("ERROR: Failure reading '$cfg' - $!");
81 die("ERROR: Failure processing '$cfg'");
84 $builddir = File::Spec->rel2abs($CFG::builddir, dirname($cfg)) if defined $CFG::builddir;
85 print STDERR "novaboot: Read $cfg\n";
90 # We don't use $0 here, because it points to the novaboot itself and
91 # not to the novaboot script. The problem with this approach is that
92 # when a script is run as "novaboot <options> <script>" then $ARGV[0]
93 # contains the first option. Hence the -f check.
94 my $dir = File::Spec->rel2abs($ARGV[0] && -f $ARGV[0] ? dirname($ARGV[0]) : '', $invocation_dir);
95 while ((-d $dir || -l $dir ) && $dir ne "/") {
96 push @cfgs, "$dir/.novaboot" if -r "$dir/.novaboot";
97 my @dirs = File::Spec->splitdir($dir);
98 $dir = File::Spec->catdir(@dirs[0..$#dirs-1]);
100 @cfgs = reverse @cfgs;
102 my $xdg_config_home = $ENV{'XDG_CONFIG_HOME'} || $ENV{'HOME'}.'/.config';
103 unshift(@cfgs, "$xdg_config_home/novaboot") if -r "$xdg_config_home/novaboot";
105 $dir = $ENV{'NOVABOOT_CONFIG_DIR'} || '/etc/novaboot.d';
106 if (opendir(my $dh, $dir)) {
107 my @etccfg = map { "$dir/$_" } grep { /^[-_a-zA-Z0-9]+$/ && -f "$dir/$_" } readdir($dh);
109 @etccfg = sort(@etccfg);
110 @cfgs = ( @etccfg, @cfgs );
113 my $cfg = $ENV{'NOVABOOT_CONFIG'};
114 Getopt::Long::Configure(qw/no_ignore_case pass_through/);
115 GetOptions ("config|c=s" => \$cfg);
116 read_config($_) foreach $cfg or @cfgs;
118 ## Command line handling
120 my $explicit_target = $ENV{'NOVABOOT_TARGET'};
121 GetOptions ("target|t=s" => \$explicit_target);
123 # Variables for command line options
124 my ($amt, @append, $bender, @chainloaders, $concat, $config_name_opt, $dhcp_tftp, $dump_opt, $dump_config, @exiton, $exiton_timeout, @expect_raw, $final_eol, $gen_only, $grub_config, $grub_prefix, $grub_preamble, $grub2_prolog, $grub2_config, $help, $ider, $interaction, $iprelay, $iprelay_cmd, $iso_image, $interactive, $kernel_opt, $make, $man, $netif, $no_file_gen, $off_opt, $on_opt, $pulsar, $pulsar_root, $qemu, $qemu_append, $qemu_flags_cmd, @remote_cmd, $remote_expect, $remote_expect_silent, $remote_expect_timeout, $reset, @reset_cmd, $reset_send, $rom_prefix, $rsync_flags, @scriptmod, $scons, $serial, $server, $stty, $tftp, $tftp_port, $uboot, %uboot_addr, $uboot_cmd, @uboot_init);
126 my ($target_reset, $target_power_on, $target_power_off);
128 # Default values of certain command line options
130 'kernel' => '${kernel_addr_r}',
131 'ramdisk' => '${ramdisk_addr_r}',
132 'fdt' => '${fdt_addr_r}',
135 $rom_prefix = 'rom://';
136 $stty = 'raw -crtscts -onlcr 115200';
137 $reset = 1; # Reset target by default
138 $interaction = 1; # Perform target interaction by default
141 $remote_expect_timeout = 180;
143 my @expect_seen = ();
147 push(@expect_seen, '-re') if $n eq "expect-re";
148 push(@expect_seen, $v);
154 unless (@expect_seen) { die("No --expect before --send"); }
155 my $ret = ($n eq "sendcont") ? exp_continue : 0;
156 unshift(@expect_raw, sub { shift->send(eval("\"$v\"")); $ret; });
157 unshift(@expect_raw, @expect_seen);
161 # Options which can be safely specified on the server (via --ssh),
162 # i.e. which cannot cause unwanted local code execution etc.
163 my %opt_spec_safe = (
164 "grub|g:s" => \$grub_config,
165 "grub-preamble=s"=> \$grub_preamble,
166 "grub2-prolog=s" => \$grub2_prolog,
167 "grub2:s" => \$grub2_config,
168 "prefix|grub-prefix=s" => \$grub_prefix,
169 "pulsar-root=s" => \$pulsar_root,
170 "pulsar|p:s" => \$pulsar,
171 "uboot-addr=s" => \%uboot_addr,
172 "uboot-cmd=s" => \$uboot_cmd,
173 "uboot-init=s" => sub { push @uboot_init, { command => $_[1] }; },
174 "uboot:s" => \$uboot,
180 "append|a=s" => \@append,
181 "bender|b" => \$bender,
182 "build-dir=s" => sub { my ($n, $v) = @_; $builddir = File::Spec->rel2abs($v); },
183 "concat" => \$concat,
184 "chainloader=s" => \@chainloaders,
185 "dhcp-tftp|d" => \$dhcp_tftp,
186 "dump" => \$dump_opt,
187 "dump-config" => \$dump_config,
188 "exiton=s" => \@exiton,
189 "exiton-timeout=i"=> \$exiton_timeout,
190 "exiton-re=s" => sub { my ($n, $v) = @_; push(@exiton, '-re', $v); },
191 "expect=s" => \&handle_expect,
192 "expect-re=s" => \&handle_expect,
193 "expect-raw=s" => sub { my ($n, $v) = @_; unshift(@expect_raw, eval($v)); },
194 "final-eol!" => \$final_eol,
195 "gen-only" => \$gen_only,
197 "interaction!" => \$interaction,
198 "iprelay=s" => \$iprelay,
199 "iprelay-cmd=s" => \$iprelay_cmd,
200 "iso:s" => \$iso_image,
201 "kernel|k=s" => \$kernel_opt,
202 "interactive|i" => \$interactive,
203 "name=s" => \$config_name_opt,
204 "make|m:s" => \$make,
205 "netif=s" => \$netif,
206 "no-file-gen" => \$no_file_gen,
209 "qemu|Q:s" => \$qemu,
210 "qemu-append=s" => \$qemu_append,
211 "qemu-flags|q=s" => \$qemu_flags_cmd,
212 "remote-cmd=s" => sub { @remote_cmd = ($_[1]); },
213 "remote-expect=s"=> \$remote_expect,
214 "remote-expect-silent=s"=> sub { $remote_expect=$_[1]; $remote_expect_silent=1; },
215 "remote-expect-timeout=i"=> \$remote_expect_timeout,
217 "reset-cmd=s" => sub { @reset_cmd = ($_[1]); },
218 "reset-send=s" => \$reset_send,
219 "rsync-flags=s" => \$rsync_flags,
220 "scons:s" => \$scons,
221 "scriptmod=s" => \@scriptmod,
222 "send=s" => \&handle_send,
223 "sendcont=s" => \&handle_send,
224 "serial|s:s" => \$serial,
225 "server:s" => \$server,
226 "ssh:s" => \&handle_novaboot_server,
227 "strip-rom" => sub { $rom_prefix = ''; },
230 "tftp-port=i" => \$tftp_port,
231 "no-uboot" => sub { undef $uboot; },
236 sub handle_novaboot_server
239 my $xdg_runtime_dir = $ENV{XDG_RUNTIME_DIR} || '/var/run';
240 my $ssh_ctl_path = "${xdg_runtime_dir}/novaboot$$";
242 @remote_cmd = ('ssh', '-tt', '-M', '-S', $ssh_ctl_path, $val, 'console');
243 $remote_expect = "novaboot-shell: Connected";
245 $rsync_flags = "--rsh='ssh -S \'${ssh_ctl_path}\''";
246 ($grub_prefix = $val) =~ s|(.*)@.*|\/$1\/| if index($val, '@') != -1;
247 @reset_cmd = ('ssh', '-tt', '-S', $ssh_ctl_path, $val, 'reset');
249 $target_power_off = sub { system_verbose('ssh', '-tt', '-S', $ssh_ctl_path, $val, 'off'); };
250 $target_power_on = sub { system_verbose('ssh', '-tt', '-S', $ssh_ctl_path, $val, 'on'); };
252 my $cmd = "ssh '${val}' get-config";
253 print STDERR "novaboot: Running: $cmd\n";
254 my @target_config = qx($cmd < /dev/null);
255 if ($?) { die("Cannot get target configuration from the server"); }
256 printf "novaboot: Received configuration from the server:%s\n", (!@target_config) ? " empty" : "";
257 foreach (@target_config) { chomp; print " $_\n"; }
259 my $p = Getopt::Long::Parser->new;
260 $p->configure(qw/no_ignore_case no_pass_through/);
261 $p->getoptionsfromarray(\@target_config, %opt_spec_safe) or die("Error processing configuration from the server");
263 if (scalar @target_config) { die "Unsuported configuration received from the server: ".join(", ", @target_config); }
266 # First process target options
268 my $t = defined($explicit_target) ? $explicit_target : $CFG::default_target;
270 Getopt::Long::Configure(qw/no_ignore_case pass_through/);
272 exists $CFG::targets{$t} or die("Unknown target '$t' (valid targets are: ".join(", ", sort keys(%CFG::targets)).")");
274 undef $explicit_target;
275 my ($ret, $remaining_args) = GetOptionsFromString ($CFG::targets{$t}, ("target|t=s" => \$explicit_target));
276 if (!$ret) { die "Error parsing target $t option"; }
277 push(@target_expanded, @$remaining_args);
278 $t = $explicit_target;
281 my @args = (@target_expanded, @ARGV);
282 print STDERR "novaboot: Effective options: @args\n";
284 Getopt::Long::Configure(qw/no_ignore_case no_pass_through/);
285 GetOptionsFromArray(\@target_expanded, %opt_spec) or die ("Error in target definition");
288 # Then process other command line options - some of them may override
289 # what was specified by the target
290 GetOptions %opt_spec or die("Error in command line arguments");
291 pod2usage(1) if $help;
292 pod2usage(-exitstatus => 0, -verbose => 2) if $man;
294 ### Dump sanitized configuration (if requested)
298 $Data::Dumper::Indent=1;
299 print "# This file is in perl syntax.\n";
300 foreach my $key(sort(keys(%CFG::))) { # See "Symbol Tables" in perlmod(1)
301 if (defined ${$CFG::{$key}}) { print Data::Dumper->Dump([${$CFG::{$key}}], ["*$key"]); }
302 if ( @{$CFG::{$key}}) { print Data::Dumper->Dump([\@{$CFG::{$key}}], ["*$key"]); }
303 if ( %{$CFG::{$key}}) { print Data::Dumper->Dump([\%{$CFG::{$key}}], ["*$key"]); }
309 ### Sanitize configuration
311 if ($interactive && !-t STDIN) {
312 die("novaboot: Interactive mode not supported when not on terminal");
315 if (defined $config_name_opt && scalar(@ARGV) > 1) { die "You cannot use --name with multiple scripts"; }
318 $iso_image //= ''; # IDE-R needs an ISO image
319 if (!defined $amt) { die "Error: --ider requires --amt"; }
323 my %input_opts = ('--iprelay' => \$iprelay,
324 '--iprelay-cmd'=> \$iprelay_cmd,
325 '--serial' => \$serial,
326 '--remote-cmd' => (@remote_cmd ? \$remote_cmd[0] : undef),
328 my @opts = grep(defined(${$input_opts{$_}}) , keys %input_opts);
330 die("novaboot: More than one target connection option: ".join(', ', @opts)) if scalar @opts > 1;
334 if (defined $serial) {
335 $serial ||= "/dev/ttyUSB0";
336 $ENV{NB_SERIAL} = $serial;
338 if (defined $grub_config) { $grub_config ||= "menu.lst"; }
339 if (defined $grub2_config) { $grub2_config ||= "grub.cfg"; }
341 ## Parse the novaboot script(s)
346 my ($modules, $variables, $generated, $copy, $chainload, $continuation) = ([], {}, [], []);
347 my $skip_reading = defined($on_opt) || defined($off_opt);
348 while (!$skip_reading && ($_ = <>)) {
349 if ($ARGV ne $last_fn) { # New script
350 die "Missing EOF in $last_fn" if $file;
351 die "Unfinished line in $last_fn" if $continuation;
353 push @scripts, { 'filename' => $ARGV,
354 'modules' => $modules = [],
355 'variables' => $variables = {},
356 'generated' => $generated = [],
357 'copy' => $copy = [],
358 'chainload' => $chainload = [],
363 next if /^#/ || /^\s*$/; # Skip comments and empty lines
365 $_ =~ s/^[[:space:]]*// if ($continuation);
367 if (/\\$/) { # Line continuation
368 $continuation .= substr($_, 0, length($_)-1);
372 if ($continuation) { # Last continuation line
373 $_ = $continuation . $_;
377 foreach my $mod(@scriptmod) { eval $mod; }
379 if ($file && $_ eq $EOF) { # Heredoc end
383 if ($file) { # Heredoc content
384 push @{$file}, "$_\n";
387 if (/^([A-Z_]+)=(.*)$/) { # Internal variable
388 $$variables{$1} = $2;
389 push(@exiton, $2) if ($1 eq "EXITON");
392 sub process_load_copy($) {
393 die("novaboot: '$last_fn' line $.: Missing file name\n") unless /^[^ <]+/;
394 if (/^([^ ]*)(.*?)[[:space:]]*<<([^ ]*)$/) { # Heredoc start
396 push @$generated, {filename => $1, content => $file};
400 if (/^([^ ]*)(.*?)[[:space:]]*< ?(.*)$/) { # Command substitution
401 push @$generated, {filename => $1, command => $3};
406 if (s/^load *//) { # Load line
407 push @$modules, process_load_copy($_);
410 if (s/^copy *//) { # Copy line
411 push @$copy, process_load_copy($_);
414 if (s/^chld *//) { # Chainload line
415 push @$chainload, process_load_copy($_);
418 if (/^run (.*)/) { # run line
419 push @$generated, {command => $1};
422 if (/^uboot(?::([0-9]+)s)? +(< *)?(.*)/) { # uboot line
423 # TODO: If U-Boot supports some interactive menu, it might
424 # make sense to store uboot lines per novaboot script.
425 my ($timeout, $redir, $string, $dest) = ($1, $2, $3);
426 if ($string =~ /(.*) *> *(.*)/) {
430 push @uboot_init, { command => $redir ? "" : $string,
431 system => $redir ? $string : "",
438 die("novaboot: Cannot parse script '$last_fn' line $.. Didn't you forget 'load' keyword?\n");
441 # print Dumper(\@scripts);
443 foreach my $script (@scripts) {
444 $modules = $$script{modules};
445 @$modules[0] =~ s/^[^ ]*/$kernel_opt/ if $kernel_opt;
446 @$modules[0] .= ' ' . join(' ', @append) if @append;
449 if (exists $variables->{KERNEL}) {
450 $kernel = $variables->{KERNEL};
452 if ($CFG::hypervisor) {
453 $kernel = $CFG::hypervisor . " ";
454 if (exists $variables->{HYPERVISOR_PARAMS}) {
455 $kernel .= $variables->{HYPERVISOR_PARAMS};
457 $kernel .= $CFG::hypervisor_params;
461 @$modules = ($kernel, @$modules) if $kernel;
462 @$modules = (@chainloaders, @$modules);
463 @$modules = ("bin/boot/bender", @$modules) if ($bender || defined $ENV{'NOVABOOT_BENDER'});
467 foreach my $script (@scripts) {
468 print join("\n", @{$$script{modules}})."\n";
475 sub generate_configs($$$) {
476 my ($base, $generated, $filename) = @_;
477 if ($base) { $base = "$base/"; };
478 foreach my $g(@$generated) {
479 if (exists $$g{content}) {
480 my $config = $$g{content};
481 my $fn = $$g{filename};
482 open(my $f, '>', $fn) || die("$fn: $!");
483 map { s|\brom://([^ ]*)|$rom_prefix$base$1|g; print $f "$_"; } @{$config};
485 print STDERR "novaboot: Created $fn\n";
486 } elsif (exists $$g{command} && ! $no_file_gen) {
487 $ENV{SRCDIR} = dirname(File::Spec->rel2abs( $filename, $invocation_dir ));
488 if (exists $$g{filename}) {
489 system_verbose("( $$g{command} ) > $$g{filename}");
491 system_verbose($$g{command});
497 sub generate_grub_config($$$$;$)
499 my ($filename, $title, $base, $modules_ref, $preamble) = @_;
500 if ($base) { $base = "$base/"; };
501 open(my $fg, '>', $filename) or die "$filename: $!";
502 print $fg "$preamble\n" if $preamble;
503 print $fg "title $title\n" if $title;
504 #print $fg "root $base\n"; # root doesn't really work for (nd)
506 foreach (@$modules_ref) {
509 my ($kbin, $kcmd) = split(' ', $_, 2);
510 $kcmd = '' if !defined $kcmd;
511 print $fg "kernel ${base}$kbin $kcmd\n";
513 s|\brom://([^ ]*)|$rom_prefix$base$1|g; # Translate rom:// files - needed for vdisk parameter of sigma0
514 print $fg "module $base$_\n";
518 print("novaboot: Created $builddir/$filename\n");
522 sub generate_syslinux_config($$$$)
524 my ($filename, $title, $base, $modules_ref) = @_;
525 if ($base && $base !~ /\/$/) { $base = "$base/"; };
526 open(my $fg, '>', $filename) or die "$filename: $!";
527 print $fg "LABEL $title\n";
528 #TODO print $fg "MENU LABEL $human_readable_title\n";
530 my ($kbin, $kcmd) = split(' ', @$modules_ref[0], 2);
532 if (system("file $kbin|grep 'Linux kernel'") == 0) {
533 my $initrd = @$modules_ref[1];
534 die('To many "load" lines for Linux kernel') if (scalar @$modules_ref > 2);
535 print $fg "LINUX $base$kbin\n";
536 print $fg "APPEND $kcmd\n";
537 print $fg "INITRD $base$initrd\n";
539 print $fg "KERNEL mboot.c32\n";
541 foreach (@$modules_ref) {
542 s|\brom://([^ ]*)|$rom_prefix$base$1|g; # Translate rom:// files - needed for vdisk parameter of sigma0
543 push @append, "$base$_";
544 print $fg "APPEND ".join(' --- ', @append)."\n";
547 #TODO print $fg "TEXT HELP\n";
548 #TODO print $fg "some help here\n";
549 #TODO print $fg "ENDTEXT\n";
551 print("novaboot: Created $builddir/$filename\n");
555 sub generate_grub2_config($$$$;$$)
557 my ($filename, $title, $base, $modules_ref, $preamble, $prolog) = @_;
558 if ($base && substr($base,-1,1) ne '/') { $base = "$base/"; };
559 open(my $fg, '>', $filename) or die "$filename: $!";
560 print $fg "$preamble\n" if $preamble;
561 $title ||= 'novaboot';
562 print $fg "menuentry $title {\n";
563 print $fg "$prolog\n" if $prolog;
565 foreach (@$modules_ref) {
568 my ($kbin, $kcmd) = split(' ', $_, 2);
569 $kcmd = '' if !defined $kcmd;
570 print $fg " multiboot ${base}$kbin $kcmd\n";
573 # GRUB2 doesn't pass filename in multiboot info so we have to duplicate it here
574 $_ = join(' ', ($args[0], @args));
575 s|\brom://|$rom_prefix|g; # We do not need to translate path for GRUB2
576 print $fg " module $base$_\n";
581 print("novaboot: Created $builddir/$filename\n");
585 sub generate_pulsar_config($$$)
587 my ($filename, $modules_ref, $chainload_ref) = @_;
588 open(my $fg, '>', $filename) or die "$filename: $!";
589 print $fg "root $pulsar_root\n" if defined $pulsar_root;
590 if (scalar(@$chainload_ref) > 0) {
591 print $fg "chld $$chainload_ref[0]\n";
595 foreach (@$modules_ref) {
598 ($kbin, $kcmd) = split(' ', $_, 2);
599 $kcmd = '' if !defined $kcmd;
602 s|\brom://|$rom_prefix|g;
603 print $fg "load $_\n";
606 # Put kernel as last - this is needed for booting Linux and has no influence on non-Linux OSes
607 print $fg "exec $kbin $kcmd\n";
610 print("novaboot: Created $builddir/$filename\n");
614 sub shell_cmd_string(@)
616 if (scalar(@_) == 1) {
619 return join(' ', map((/^[-_=a-zA-Z0-9\/\.\+]+$/ ? "$_" : "'$_'"), @_));
625 print STDERR "novaboot: Running: ".shell_cmd_string(@_)."\n";
627 exit(1); # should not be reached
632 print STDERR "novaboot: Running: ".shell_cmd_string(@_)."\n";
633 my $ret = system(@_);
634 if ($ret & 0x007f) { die("Command terminated by a signal"); }
635 if ($ret & 0xff00) {die("Command exit with non-zero exit code"); }
636 if ($ret) { die("Command failure $ret"); }
641 $str =~ s/^\s+|\s+$//g;
647 if (exists $variables->{WVDESC}) {
648 print STDERR "Testing \"$variables->{WVDESC}\" in $last_fn:\n";
649 } elsif ($last_fn =~ /\.wv$/) {
650 print STDERR "Testing \"all\" in $last_fn:\n";
653 ## Connect to the target and check whether it is not occupied
655 # We have to do this before file generation phase, because file
656 # generation is intermixed with file deployment phase and we want to
657 # check whether the target is not used by somebody else before
658 # deploying files. Otherwise, we may rewrite other user's files on a
661 my $exp; # Expect object to communicate with the target over serial line
663 sub kill_exp_on_signal() {
664 # Sometimes, under unclear circumstances (e.g. when running under
665 # both Jenkins and Robotframework), novaboot does not terminate
666 # console command when killed. The console is then blocked by the
667 # stale process forever. Theoretically, this should not happen,
668 # because when novaboot is killed, console command's controlling
669 # terminal sends SIGHUP to the console command and the command
670 # should terminate. It seems that at least SSH sometimes ignores
671 # HUP and does not terminate. The code below seems to work around
672 # that problem by killing the process immediately with SIGTERM,
673 # which is not ignored.
675 sub kill_console { kill TERM => $exp->pid if $exp->pid; die "Terminated by SIG$_[0]"; };
677 # For our Jenkins/Robotframework use case, it was sufficient to
678 # handle the TERM signal, but to be on the safe side, we also
679 # catch other signals.
680 $SIG{TERM} = \&kill_console;
681 $SIG{HUP} = \&kill_console;
682 $SIG{INT} = \&kill_console;
683 $SIG{QUIT} = \&kill_console;
687 my ($amt_user, $amt_password, $amt_host, $amt_port);
689 if (defined $iprelay || defined $iprelay_cmd) {
690 if (defined $iprelay) {
692 $iprelay =~ /([.0-9]+)(:([0-9]+))?/;
695 my $paddr = sockaddr_in($port, inet_aton($addr));
696 my $proto = getprotobyname('tcp');
697 socket($IPRELAY, PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, $proto) || die "socket: $!";
698 print STDERR "novaboot: Connecting to IP relay... ";
699 connect($IPRELAY, $paddr) || die "connect: $!";
700 print STDERR "done\n";
701 $exp = Expect->init(\*$IPRELAY);
704 if (defined $iprelay_cmd) {
705 print STDERR "novaboot: Running: $iprelay_cmd\n";
708 $exp->spawn($iprelay_cmd);
709 kill_exp_on_signal();
713 print $exp "\xFF\xF6"; # AYT
714 my $connected = $exp->expect(20, # Timeout in seconds
715 '<iprelayd: connected>',
716 '-re', '<WEB51 HW[^>]*>')
717 || die "iprelay connection: " . ($! || "timeout");
722 my ($relay, $onoff) = @_;
723 die unless ($relay == 1 || $relay == 2);
725 my $cmd = ($relay == 1 ? 0x5 : 0x6) | ($onoff ? 0x20 : 0x10);
726 return "\xFF\xFA\x2C\x32".chr($cmd)."\xFF\xF0";
730 my ($relay, $onoff) = @_;
731 die unless ($relay == 1 || $relay == 2);
732 my $cmd = ($relay == 1 ? 0xdf : 0xbf) | ($onoff ? 0x00 : 0xff);
733 return "\xFF\xFA\x2C\x97".chr($cmd)."\xFF\xF0";
737 my ($relay, $onoff, $can_giveup) = @_;
738 my $confirmation = '';
740 print $exp relaycmd($relay, $onoff);
741 my $confirmed = $exp->expect(20, # Timeout in seconds
742 relayconf($relay, $onoff))
743 || die "iprelay command: " . ($! || "timeout");
746 print("Relay confirmation timeout - ignoring\n");
748 die "Relay confirmation timeout";
754 $target_reset = sub {
755 relay(2, 1, 1); # Reset the machine
760 $target_power_off = sub {
761 relay(1, 1); # Press power button
762 usleep(6000000); # Long press to switch off
766 $target_power_on = sub {
767 relay(1, 1); # Press power button
768 usleep(100000); # Short press
774 system_verbose("stty -F $serial $stty");
775 open($CONN, "+<", $serial) || die "open $serial: $!";
776 $exp = Expect->init(\*$CONN);
778 elsif (@remote_cmd) {
779 print STDERR "novaboot: Running: ".shell_cmd_string(@remote_cmd)."\n";
780 $exp = Expect->spawn(@remote_cmd);
781 kill_exp_on_signal();
783 elsif (defined $amt) {
784 require LWP::UserAgent;
785 require LWP::Authen::Digest;
788 my ($host, $username, $password, $schema, $className, $pstate) = @_;
789 #AMT numbers for PowerStateChange (MNI => bluescreen on windows;-)
790 my %pstates = ("on" => 2,
797 <s:Envelope xmlns:s="http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope" xmlns:a="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2004/08/addressing" xmlns:w="http://schemas.dmtf.org/wbem/wsman/1/wsman.xsd">
798 <s:Header><a:To>http://$host:16992/wsman</a:To>
799 <w:ResourceURI s:mustUnderstand="true">$schema</w:ResourceURI>
800 <a:ReplyTo><a:Address s:mustUnderstand="true">http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2004/08/addressing/role/anonymous</a:Address></a:ReplyTo>
801 <a:Action s:mustUnderstand="true">$schema$className</a:Action>
802 <w:MaxEnvelopeSize s:mustUnderstand="true">153600</w:MaxEnvelopeSize>
803 <a:MessageID>uuid:709072C9-609C-4B43-B301-075004043C7C</a:MessageID>
804 <w:Locale xml:lang="en-US" s:mustUnderstand="false" />
805 <w:OperationTimeout>PT60.000S</w:OperationTimeout>
806 <w:SelectorSet><w:Selector Name="Name">Intel(r) AMT Power Management Service</w:Selector></w:SelectorSet>
808 <p:RequestPowerStateChange_INPUT xmlns:p="http://schemas.dmtf.org/wbem/wscim/1/cim-schema/2/CIM_PowerManagementService">
809 <p:PowerState>$pstates{$pstate}</p:PowerState>
810 <p:ManagedElement><a:Address>http://$host:16992/wsman</a:Address>
811 <a:ReferenceParameters><w:ResourceURI>http://schemas.dmtf.org/wbem/wscim/1/cim-schema/2/CIM_ComputerSystem</w:ResourceURI>
812 <w:SelectorSet><w:Selector Name="Name">ManagedSystem</w:Selector></w:SelectorSet>
813 </a:ReferenceParameters></p:ManagedElement>
814 </p:RequestPowerStateChange_INPUT>
815 </s:Body></s:Envelope>
820 my ($host, $username, $password, $content) = @_;
822 my $ua = LWP::UserAgent->new();
823 $ua->agent("novaboot");
825 my $req = HTTP::Request->new(POST => "http://$host:16992/wsman");
826 my $res = $ua->request($req);
827 die ("Unexpected AMT response: " . $res->status_line) unless $res->code == 401;
829 my ($realm) = $res->header("WWW-Authenticate") =~ /Digest realm="(.*?)"/;
830 $ua->credentials("$host:16992", $realm, $username => $password);
833 $req = HTTP::Request->new(POST => "http://$host:16992/wsman");
834 $req->content_type('application/x-www-form-urlencoded');
835 $req->content($content);
836 $res = $ua->request($req);
837 die ("AMT power change request failed: " . $res->status_line) unless $res->is_success;
838 $res->content() =~ /<g:ReturnValue>(\d+)<\/g:ReturnValue>/;
843 my ($host, $username, $password, $pstate)=@_;
844 my $schema="http://schemas.dmtf.org/wbem/wscim/1/cim-schema/2/CIM_PowerManagementService";
845 my $className="/RequestPowerStateChange";
846 my $content = genXML($host, $username, $password ,$schema, $className, $pstate);
847 return sendPOST($host, $username, $password, $content);
850 ($amt_user,$amt_password,$amt_host,$amt_port) = ($amt =~ /(?:(.*?)(?::(.*))?@)?([^:]*)(?::([0-9]*))?/);;
851 $amt_user ||= "admin";
852 $amt_password ||= $ENV{'AMT_PASSWORD'} || die "AMT password not specified";
853 $amt_host || die "AMT host not specified";
857 $target_power_off = sub {
859 my $result = powerChange($amt_host,$amt_user,$amt_password, "off");
860 die "AMT power off failed (ReturnValue $result)" if $result != 0;
863 $target_power_on = sub {
864 my $result = powerChange($amt_host,$amt_user,$amt_password, "on");
865 die "AMT power on failed (ReturnValue $result)" if $result != 0;
868 $target_reset = sub {
869 my $result = powerChange($amt_host,$amt_user,$amt_password, "reset");
871 print STDERR "Warning: Cannot reset $amt_host, trying power on. ";
872 $result = powerChange($amt_host,$amt_user,$amt_password, "on");
874 die "AMT reset failed (ReturnValue $result)" if $result != 0;
877 my $cmd = "amtterm -u $amt_user -p $amt_password $amt_host $amt_port";
878 print STDERR "novaboot: Running: $cmd\n" =~ s/\Q$amt_password\E/???/r;
879 $exp = Expect->spawn($cmd);
880 $exp->expect(10, "RUN_SOL") || die "Expect for 'RUN_SOL': " . ($! || "timeout");
884 if ($remote_expect) {
885 $exp || die("No serial line connection");
886 my $log = $exp->log_stdout;
887 if (defined $remote_expect_silent) {
890 $exp->expect($remote_expect_timeout >= 0 ? $remote_expect_timeout : undef,
891 $remote_expect) || die "Expect for '$remote_expect':" . ($! || "timeout");;
892 if (defined $remote_expect_silent) {
893 $exp->log_stdout($log);
894 print $exp->after() if $log;
899 $target_reset = sub {
900 system_verbose(@reset_cmd);
904 if (defined $reset_send) {
905 $target_reset = sub {
906 $reset_send =~ s/\\n/\n/g;
907 $exp->send($reset_send);
911 if (defined $on_opt && defined $target_power_on) {
915 if (defined $off_opt && defined $target_power_off) {
916 print STDERR "novaboot: Switching the target off...\n";
917 &$target_power_off();
921 $builddir ||= dirname(File::Spec->rel2abs( ${$scripts[0]}{filename})) if scalar @scripts;
922 if (defined $builddir) {
923 chdir($builddir) or die "Can't change directory to $builddir: $!";
924 print STDERR "novaboot: Entering directory `$builddir'\n";
926 $builddir = $invocation_dir;
929 ## File generation phase
930 my (%files_iso, $menu_iso, $filename);
931 my $config_name = '';
934 foreach my $script (@scripts) {
935 $filename = $$script{filename};
936 $modules = $$script{modules};
937 $generated = $$script{generated};
938 $variables = $$script{variables};
940 ($config_name = $filename) =~ s#.*/##;
941 $config_name = $config_name_opt if (defined $config_name_opt);
943 if (exists $variables->{BUILDDIR}) {
944 $builddir = File::Spec->rel2abs($variables->{BUILDDIR});
945 chdir($builddir) or die "Can't change directory to $builddir: $!";
946 print STDERR "novaboot: Entering directory `$builddir'\n";
950 $prefix = $grub_prefix;
951 $prefix =~ s/\$NAME/$config_name/;
952 $prefix =~ s/\$BUILDDIR/$builddir/;
954 # TODO: use $grub_prefix as first parameter if some switch is given
955 generate_configs('', $generated, $filename);
957 ### Generate bootloader configuration files
958 my @bootloader_configs;
959 push @bootloader_configs, generate_grub_config($grub_config, $config_name, $prefix, $modules, $grub_preamble) if (defined $grub_config);
960 push @bootloader_configs, generate_grub2_config($grub2_config, $config_name, $prefix, $modules, $grub_preamble, $grub2_prolog) if (defined $grub2_config);
961 push @bootloader_configs, generate_pulsar_config('config-'.($pulsar||'novaboot'), $modules, $chainload) if (defined $pulsar);
963 ### Run scons or make
966 push @all, @$modules;
968 push @all, @$chainload;
969 my @files = map({ ($file) = m/([^ ]*)/; $file; } @all);
971 # Filter-out generated files
972 my @to_build = grep({ my $file = $_; !scalar(grep($file eq ($$_{filename} || ''), @$generated)) } @files);
974 system_verbose($scons || $CFG::scons." ".join(" ", @to_build)) if (defined $scons);
975 system_verbose($make || $CFG::make ." ".join(" ", @to_build)) if (defined $make);
978 ### Copy files (using rsync)
979 if (defined $server && !defined($gen_only)) {
980 (my $real_server = $server) =~ s/\$NAME/$config_name/;
982 my ($hostname, $path) = split(":", $real_server, 2);
983 if (! defined $path) {
987 my $files = join(" ", map({ ($file) = m/([^ ]*)/; $file; } ( @$modules, @bootloader_configs, @$copy)));
988 map({ my $file = (split)[0]; die "$file: $!" if ! -f $file; } @$modules);
989 my $istty = -t STDOUT && ($ENV{'TERM'} || 'dumb') ne 'dumb';
990 my $progress = $istty ? "--progress" : "";
992 system_verbose("rsync $progress -RLp $rsync_flags $files $real_server");
993 if ($server =~ m|/\$NAME$| && $concat) {
994 my $cmd = join("; ", map { "( cd $path/.. && cat */$_ > $_ )" } @bootloader_configs);
995 system_verbose($hostname ? "ssh $hostname '$cmd'" : $cmd);
1000 ### Prepare ISO image generation
1001 if (defined $iso_image) {
1002 generate_configs("(cd)", $generated, $filename);
1004 generate_syslinux_config(\$menu, $config_name, "/", $modules);
1005 $menu_iso .= "$menu\n";
1006 map { ($file,undef) = split; $files_iso{$file} = 1; } @$modules;
1010 ## Generate ISO image
1011 if (defined $iso_image) {
1012 system_verbose("mkdir -p isolinux");
1015 if (-f '/usr/lib/ISOLINUX/isolinux.bin') {
1016 # Newer ISOLINUX version
1017 @files = qw(/usr/lib/ISOLINUX/isolinux.bin /usr/lib/syslinux/modules/bios/mboot.c32 /usr/lib/syslinux/modules/bios/libcom32.c32 /usr/lib/syslinux/modules/bios/menu.c32 /usr/lib/syslinux/modules/bios/ldlinux.c32);
1019 # Older ISOLINUX version
1020 @files = qw(/usr/lib/syslinux/isolinux.bin /usr/lib/syslinux/mboot.c32 /usr/lib/syslinux/menu.c32);
1022 system_verbose("cp @files isolinux");
1023 open(my $fh, ">isolinux/isolinux.cfg");
1025 print $fh "TIMEOUT 50\n";
1026 print $fh "DEFAULT menu\n";
1028 print $fh "DEFAULT $config_name\n";
1030 print $fh "$menu_iso";
1033 my $files = join(" ", map("$_=$_", (keys(%files_iso), 'isolinux/isolinux.cfg', map(s|.*/|isolinux/|r, @files))));
1034 $iso_image ||= "$config_name.iso";
1036 # Note: We use -U flag below to "Allow 'untranslated' filenames,
1037 # completely violating the ISO9660 standards". Without this
1038 # option, isolinux is not able to read files names for example
1040 system_verbose("$CFG::genisoimage -R -b isolinux/isolinux.bin -c isolinux/boot.cat -no-emul-boot -boot-load-size 4 -boot-info-table -hide-rr-moved -U -o $iso_image -graft-points $files");
1041 print("ISO image created: $builddir/$iso_image\n");
1044 exit(0) if defined $gen_only;
1046 ## Boot the system using various methods and send serial output to stdout
1048 if (scalar(@scripts) > 1 && ( defined $dhcp_tftp || defined $serial || defined $iprelay)) {
1049 die "You cannot do this with multiple scripts simultaneously";
1052 if ($variables->{WVTEST_TIMEOUT}) {
1053 print STDERR "wvtest: timeout ", $variables->{WVTEST_TIMEOUT}, "\n";
1058 if (defined $qemu) {
1060 $qemu ||= $variables->{QEMU} || $CFG::qemu;
1061 my @qemu_flags = split(" ", $qemu);
1062 $qemu = shift(@qemu_flags);
1064 @qemu_flags = split(/ +/, trim($variables->{QEMU_FLAGS})) if exists $variables->{QEMU_FLAGS};
1065 @qemu_flags = split(/ +/, trim($qemu_flags_cmd)) if $qemu_flags_cmd;
1066 push(@qemu_flags, split(/ +/, trim($qemu_append || '')));
1068 if (defined $iso_image) {
1069 # Boot NOVA with grub (and test the iso image)
1070 push(@qemu_flags, ('-cdrom', $iso_image));
1072 # Boot NOVA without GRUB
1074 # Non-patched qemu doesn't like commas, but NUL can live with pluses instead of commans
1075 foreach (@$modules) {s/,/+/g;}
1076 generate_configs("", $generated, $filename);
1078 if (scalar @$modules) {
1079 my ($kbin, $kcmd) = split(' ', shift(@$modules), 2);
1080 $kcmd = '' if !defined $kcmd;
1082 @$modules = map { if (/\.dtb$/) { $dtb=$_; (); } else { $_ } } @$modules;
1083 my $initrd = join ",", @$modules;
1085 push(@qemu_flags, ('-kernel', $kbin, '-append', $kcmd));
1086 push(@qemu_flags, ('-initrd', $initrd)) if $initrd;
1087 push(@qemu_flags, ('-dtb', $dtb)) if $dtb;
1090 if (!grep /^-serial$/, @qemu_flags) {
1091 push(@qemu_flags, qw(-serial stdio)); # Redirect serial output (for collecting test restuls)
1093 unshift(@qemu_flags, ('-name', $config_name));
1094 print STDERR "novaboot: Running: ".shell_cmd_string($qemu, @qemu_flags)."\n";
1095 $exp = Expect->spawn(($qemu, @qemu_flags)) || die("exec() failed: $!");
1098 ### Local DHCPD and TFTPD
1100 my ($dhcpd_pid, $tftpd_pid);
1102 $tftp=1 if $tftp_port;
1104 if (defined $dhcp_tftp)
1106 generate_configs("(nd)", $generated, $filename);
1107 system_verbose('mkdir -p tftpboot');
1108 generate_grub_config("tftpboot/os-menu.lst", $config_name, "(nd)", \@$modules, "timeout 0");
1109 open(my $fh, '>', 'dhcpd.conf');
1110 my $mac = `cat /sys/class/net/$netif/address`;
1112 print $fh "subnet 10.23.23.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
1113 range 10.23.23.10 10.23.23.100;
1114 filename \"bin/boot/grub/pxegrub.pxe\";
1115 next-server 10.23.23.1;
1118 hardware ethernet $mac;
1119 fixed-address 10.23.23.1;
1122 system_verbose("sudo ip a add 10.23.23.1/24 dev $netif;
1123 sudo ip l set dev $netif up;
1124 sudo touch dhcpd.leases");
1126 # We run servers by forking ourselves, because the servers end up
1127 # in our process group and get killed by signals sent to the
1128 # process group (e.g. Ctrl-C on terminal).
1129 $dhcpd_pid = fork();
1130 exec_verbose("sudo dhcpd -d -cf dhcpd.conf -lf dhcpd.leases -pf dhcpd.pid") if ($dhcpd_pid == 0);
1133 if (defined $dhcp_tftp || defined $tftp) {
1135 # Unfortunately, tftpd requires root privileges even with
1136 # non-privileged (>1023) port due to initgroups().
1137 system_verbose("sudo in.tftpd --listen --secure -v -v -v --pidfile tftpd.pid --address :$tftp_port $builddir");
1139 # Kill server when we die
1140 $SIG{__DIE__} = sub { system_verbose('sudo pkill --pidfile=dhcpd.pid') if (defined $dhcp_tftp);
1141 system_verbose('sudo pkill --pidfile=tftpd.pid'); };
1143 # We have to kill tftpd explicitely, because it is not in our process group
1144 $SIG{INT} = sub { system_verbose('sudo pkill --pidfile=tftpd.pid'); exit(0); };
1148 if (defined $ider) {
1149 my $ider_cmd= "amtider -c $iso_image -u $amt_user -p $amt_password $amt_host $amt_port" ;
1150 print STDERR "novaboot: Running: $ider_cmd\n" =~ s/\Q$amt_password\E/???/r;
1151 my $ider_pid = fork();
1152 if ($ider_pid == 0) {
1154 die "IDE redirection failed";
1156 # FIXME: This collides with --tftp option. Hopefully, nobody needs
1157 # to use both simultaneously.
1158 $SIG{__DIE__} = sub { system_verbose('kill $ider_pid'); };
1161 ### Reset target (IP relay, AMT, ...)
1163 if (defined $target_reset && $reset) {
1164 print STDERR "novaboot: Reseting the test box... ";
1166 print STDERR "done\n";
1168 # We don't want to output anything printed by the target
1169 # before reset so we clear the buffers now. This is, however,
1170 # not ideal because we may loose some data that were sent
1171 # after the reset. If this is a problem, one should reset and
1172 # connect to serial line in atomic manner. For example, if
1173 # supported by hardware, use --remote-cmd 'sterm -d ...' and
1174 # do not use separate --reset-cmd.
1175 my $log = $exp->log_stdout;
1176 $exp->log_stdout(0);
1177 $exp->expect(0); # Read data from target
1178 $exp->clear_accum(); # Clear the read data
1179 $exp->log_stdout($log);
1183 ### U-boot conversation
1184 if (defined $uboot) {
1185 my $uboot_prompt = $uboot || '=> ';
1186 print STDERR "novaboot: Waiting for U-Boot prompt...\n";
1187 $exp || die("No serial line connection");
1188 $exp->log_stdout(1);
1189 #$exp->exp_internal(1);
1191 [qr/Hit any key to stop autoboot:/, sub { $exp->send("\n"); exp_continue; }],
1192 $uboot_prompt) || die "No U-Boot prompt deteceted";
1193 foreach my $cmdspec (@uboot_init) {
1194 my ($cmd, $timeout);
1195 die "Internal error - please report a bug" unless ref($cmdspec) eq "HASH";
1197 if ($cmdspec->{system}) {
1198 $cmd = `$cmdspec->{system}`;
1200 $cmd = $cmdspec->{command};
1202 $timeout = $cmdspec->{timeout} // 10;
1204 if ($cmd =~ /\$NB_MYIP/) {
1205 my $ip = (grep /inet /, `ip addr show $netif`)[0] || die "Problem determining IP address of $netif";
1206 $ip =~ s/\s*inet ([0-9.]*).*/$1/;
1207 $cmd =~ s/\$NB_MYIP/$ip/g;
1209 if ($cmd =~ /\$NB_PREFIX/) {
1212 $cmd =~ s/\$NB_PREFIX/$p/g;
1215 $exp->send("$cmd\n");
1217 my ($matched_pattern_position, $error,
1218 $successfully_matching_string,
1219 $before_match, $after_match) =
1220 $exp->expect($timeout, $uboot_prompt);
1221 die "No U-Boot prompt: $error" if $error;
1223 if ($cmdspec->{dest}) {
1224 open(my $fh, ">", $cmdspec->{dest}) or die "Cannot open '$cmdspec->{dest}': $!";
1225 print $fh $before_match;
1230 # Load files if there are some load lines in the script
1231 if (scalar(@$modules) > 0 && !$variables->{NO_BOOT}) {
1232 my ($kbin, $kcmd) = split(' ', shift(@$modules), 2);
1234 @$modules = map { if (/\.dtb$/) { $dtb=$_; (); } else { $_ } } @$modules;
1235 my $initrd = shift @$modules;
1237 if (defined $kbin) {
1238 die "No '--uboot-addr kernel' given" unless $uboot_addr{kernel};
1239 $exp->send("tftpboot $uboot_addr{kernel} $prefix$kbin\n");
1241 [qr/##/, sub { exp_continue; }],
1242 $uboot_prompt) || die "Kernel load: " . ($! || "timeout");
1245 die "No '--uboot-addr fdt' given" unless $uboot_addr{fdt};
1246 $exp->send("tftpboot $uboot_addr{fdt} $prefix$dtb\n");
1248 [qr/##/, sub { exp_continue; }],
1249 $uboot_prompt) || die "Device tree load: " . ($! || "timeout");
1251 $uboot_addr{fdt} = '';
1253 if (defined $initrd) {
1254 die "No '--uboot-addr ramdisk' given" unless $uboot_addr{ramdisk};
1255 $exp->send("tftpboot $uboot_addr{ramdisk} $prefix$initrd\n");
1257 [qr/##/, sub { exp_continue; }],
1258 $uboot_prompt) || die "Initrd load: " . ($! || "timeout");
1260 $uboot_addr{ramdisk} = '-';
1264 $exp->send("setenv bootargs $kcmd\n");
1265 $exp->expect(5, $uboot_prompt) || die "U-Boot prompt: " . ($! || "timeout");
1268 $uboot_cmd //= $variables->{UBOOT_CMD} // 'bootm $kernel_addr $ramdisk_addr $fdt_addr';
1269 if (!$variables->{NO_BOOT} && $uboot_cmd ne '') {
1270 $uboot_cmd =~ s/\$kernel_addr/$uboot_addr{kernel}/g;
1271 $uboot_cmd =~ s/\$ramdisk_addr/$uboot_addr{ramdisk}/g;
1272 $uboot_cmd =~ s/\$fdt_addr/$uboot_addr{fdt}/g;
1274 $exp->send($uboot_cmd . "\n");
1275 $exp->expect(5, "\n") || die "U-Boot command: " . ($! || "timeout");
1279 ### Serial line interaction
1280 if ($interaction && defined $exp) {
1281 # Serial line of the target is available
1282 my $interrupt = 'Ctrl-C';
1283 if ($interactive && !@exiton) {
1284 $interrupt = '"~~."';
1286 print STDERR "novaboot: Serial line interaction (press $interrupt to interrupt)...\n";
1287 $exp->log_stdout(1);
1289 $exp->expect($exiton_timeout, @expect_raw, @exiton) || die("exiton: " . ($! || "timeout"));
1291 my @inputs = ($exp);
1292 my $infile = new IO::File;
1293 $infile->IO::File::fdopen(*STDIN,'r');
1294 my $in_object = Expect->exp_init($infile);
1295 $in_object->set_group($exp);
1298 $in_object->set_seq('~~\.', sub { print STDERR "novaboot: Escape sequence detected\r\n"; undef; });
1299 $in_object->manual_stty(0); # Use raw terminal mode
1301 $in_object->manual_stty(1); # Do not modify terminal settings
1303 push(@inputs, $in_object);
1305 #print Dumper(\@expect_raw);
1306 $exp->expect(undef, @expect_raw) if @expect_raw;
1308 $^W = 0; # Suppress Expect warning: handle id(3) is not a tty. Not changing mode at /usr/share/perl5/Expect.pm line 393, <> line 8.
1309 Expect::interconnect(@inputs) unless defined($exp->exitstatus);
1314 # When exp-spawned command ignores SIGHUP, Expect waits 5 seconds
1315 # before killing it. We kill it by SIGTERM immediately.
1316 kill TERM => $exp->pid if defined $exp && $exp->pid;
1318 ## Kill dhcpc or tftpd
1319 if (defined $dhcp_tftp || defined $tftp) {
1320 die("novaboot: This should kill servers on background\n");
1323 # Always finish novaboot output with newline
1324 print "\n" if $final_eol;
1331 novaboot - Boots a locally compiled operating system on a remote
1338 B<novaboot> [option]... [--] script...
1340 B<./script> [option]...
1344 Novaboot makes booting of a locally compiled operating system (OS)
1345 (e.g. NOVA or Linux) on remote targets as simple as running a program
1346 locally. It automates things like copying OS images to a TFTP server,
1347 generation of bootloader configuration files, resetting of target
1348 hardware or redirection of target's serial line to stdin/out. Novaboot
1349 is highly configurable and makes it easy to boot a single image on
1350 different targets or different images on a single target.
1352 Novaboot operation is controlled by configuration files, command line
1353 options and by a so-called novaboot script, which can be thought as a
1354 generalization of bootloader configuration files (see L</"NOVABOOT
1355 SCRIPT SYNTAX">). The typical way of using novaboot is to make the
1356 novaboot script executable and set its first line to I<#!/usr/bin/env
1357 novaboot>. Then, booting a particular OS configuration becomes the
1358 same as executing a local program – the novaboot script.
1360 Novaboot uses configuration files to, among other things, define
1361 command line options needed for different targets. Users typically use
1362 only the B<-t>/B<--target> command line option to select the target.
1363 Internally, this option expands to the pre-configured options.
1364 Novaboot searches configuration files at multiple places, which allows
1365 having per-system, per-user or per-project configurations.
1366 Configuration file syntax is described in section L</"CONFIGURATION
1369 Simple examples of using C<novaboot>:
1375 Running an OS in Qemu can be accomplished by giving the B<--qemu> option.
1378 novaboot --qemu myos
1380 (or C<./myos --qemu> as described above) will run Qemu and make it
1381 boot the configuration specified in the F<myos> script.
1385 Create a bootloader configuration file (currently supported
1386 bootloaders are GRUB, GRUB2, ISOLINUX, Pulsar, and U-Boot) and copy it
1387 with all other files needed for booting to a remote boot server. Then
1388 use a TCP/IP-controlled relay/serial-to-TCP converter to reset the
1389 target and receive its serial output.
1391 ./myos --grub2 --server=192.168.1.1:/tftp --iprelay=192.168.1.2
1393 Alternatively, you can put these switches to the configuration file
1396 ./myos --target mytarget
1400 Run DHCP and TFTP server on developer's machine to boot the target
1405 This usage is useful when no network infrastructure is in place, and
1406 the target is connected directly to developer's box.
1410 Create bootable ISO image.
1412 novaboot --iso -- script1 script2
1414 The created ISO image will have ISOLINUX bootloader installed on it,
1415 and the boot menu will allow selecting between I<script1> and
1416 I<script2> configurations.
1420 =head1 PHASES AND OPTIONS
1422 Novaboot performs its work in several phases. Command like options
1423 described bellow influence the execution of each phase or allow their
1424 skipping. The list of phases (in the execution order) is as follows.
1428 =item 1. L<Configuration reading|/Configuration reading phase>
1430 =item 2. L<Command line processing|/Command line processing phase>
1432 =item 3. L<Script preprocessing|/Script preprocessing phase>
1434 =item 4. L<File generation|/File generation phase>
1436 =item 5. L<Target connection|/Target connection check>
1438 =item 6. L<File deployment|/File deployment phase>
1440 =item 7. L<Target power-on and reset|/Target power-on and reset phase>
1442 =item 8. L<Interaction with the bootloader|/Interaction with the bootloader on the target>
1444 =item 9. L<Target interaction|/Target interaction phase>
1448 Each phase is described in the following sections together with the
1449 command line options that control it.
1451 =head2 Configuration reading phase
1453 After starting, novaboot reads zero or more configuration files. We
1454 describe their content in section L</"CONFIGURATION FILES">. By default, the
1455 configuration is read from multiple locations. First from the system
1456 configuration directory (F</etc/novaboot.d/>), second from the user
1457 configuration file (F<~/.config/novaboot>) and third from F<.novaboot>
1458 files along the path to the current directory. Alternatively, a single
1459 configuration file specified with the B<-c> switch or with the
1460 C<NOVABOOT_CONFIG> environment variable is read. The latter read files
1461 override settings from the former ones.
1463 The system configuration directory is determined by the content of
1464 NOVABOOT_CONFIG_DIR environment variable and defaults to
1465 F</etc/novaboot.d>. Files in this directory with names consisting
1466 solely of English letters, numbers, dashes '-' and underscores '_'
1467 (note that dot '.' is not included) are read in alphabetical order.
1469 Then, the user configuration file is read from
1470 F<$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/novaboot>. If C<$XDG_CONFIG_HOME> environment
1471 variable is not set F<~/.config/novaboot> is read instead.
1473 Finally, novaboot searches for files named F<.novaboot> starting from the
1474 directory of the novaboot script (or working directory, see bellow)
1475 and continuing upwards up to the root directory. The found
1476 configuration files are then read in the opposite order (i.e. from the
1477 root directory downwards). This ordering allows having, for example, a project
1478 specific configuration in F<~/project/.novaboot>.
1480 Note the difference between F<~/.config/novaboot> and F<~/.novaboot>.
1481 The former one is always read, whereas the latter only when novaboot
1482 script or working directory is under the C<$HOME> directory.
1484 In certain cases, the location of the novaboot script cannot be
1485 determined in this early phase. This situation happens either when the script is
1486 read from the standard input or when novaboot is invoked explicitly as
1487 in the example L</"4."> above. In this case, the current working
1488 directory is used as a starting point for configuration file search
1489 instead of the novaboot script directory.
1493 =item -c, --config=I<filename>
1495 Use the specified configuration file instead of the default one(s).
1499 =head2 Command line processing phase
1505 Dump the current configuration to stdout end exit. Useful as an
1506 initial template for a configuration file.
1510 Print short (B<-h>) or long (B<--help>) help.
1512 =item -t, --target=I<target>
1514 This option serves as a user configurable shortcut for other novaboot
1515 options. The effect of this option is the same as specifying the
1516 options stored in the C<%targets> configuration variable under key
1517 I<target>. See also L</"CONFIGURATION FILES">.
1519 When this option is not given, novaboot tries to determine the target
1520 to use from either B<NOVABOOT_TARGET> environment variable or
1521 B<$default_target> configuration file variable.
1523 =item --ssh=I<user@hostname>
1525 Configures novaboot to control the target via C<novaboot-shell>
1526 running remotely via SSH.
1528 Using this option is the same as specifying B<--remote-cmd>,
1529 B<--remote-expect>, B<--server> B<--rsync-flags>, B<--prefix> and
1530 B<--reset-cmd> manually in a way compatible with C<novaboot-shell>.
1531 The server can be configured to provide other, safe bootloader-related
1532 options, to the client. When this happens, novaboot prints them to
1535 Currently, this in an initial experimental implementation. We plan to
1536 change/extend this feature soon!
1540 =head2 Script preprocessing phase
1542 This phase allows modifying the parsed novaboot script before it is
1543 used in the later phases.
1547 =item -a, --append=I<parameters>
1549 Append a string to the first C<load> line in the novaboot script. This option
1550 can be used to append parameters to the kernel's or root task's
1551 command line. This option can appear multiple times.
1555 Use L<Bender|https://github.com/TUD-OS/morbo/blob/master/standalone/bender.c>
1556 chainloader. Bender scans the PCI bus for PCI serial ports and stores
1557 the information about them in the BIOS data area for use by the
1560 =item --chainloader=I<chainloader>
1562 Specifies a chainloader that is loaded before the kernel and other
1563 files specified in the novaboot script. E.g. 'bin/boot/bender
1568 Print the modules to boot and their parameters, after this phase
1569 finishes. Then exit. This is useful for seeing the effect of other
1570 options in this section.
1572 =item -k, --kernel=F<file>
1574 Replace the first word on the first C<load> line in the novaboot
1575 script with F<file>.
1577 =item --scriptmod=I<Perl expression>
1579 When novaboot reads the script, I<Perl expression> is executed for every
1580 line (in $_ variable). For example, C<novaboot
1581 --scriptmod=s/sigma0/omega6/g> replaces every occurrence of I<sigma0>
1582 in the script with I<omega6>.
1584 When this option is present, it overrides I<$script_modifier> variable
1585 from the configuration file, which has the same effect. If this option
1586 is given multiple times all expressions are evaluated in the command
1591 =head2 File generation phase
1593 In this phase, files needed for booting are generated in a so-called
1594 I<build directory> (see L</--build-dir>). In most cases configuration
1595 for a bootloader is generated automatically by novaboot. It is also
1596 possible to generate other files using I<heredoc> or I<"<"> syntax in
1597 novaboot scripts. Finally, novaboot can generate binaries in this phases by
1598 running C<scons> or C<make>.
1602 =item --build-dir=I<directory>
1604 Overrides the default build directory location.
1606 The default build directory location is determined as follows: If the
1607 configuration file defines the C<$builddir> variable, its value is
1608 used. Otherwise, it is the directory that contains the first processed
1611 See also L</BUILDDIR> variable.
1613 =item -g, --grub[=I<filename>]
1615 Generates grub bootloader menu file. If the I<filename> is not
1616 specified, F<menu.lst> is used. The I<filename> is relative to the
1617 build directory (see B<--build-dir>).
1619 =item --grub-preamble=I<prefix>
1621 Specifies the I<preamble> that is at the beginning of the generated
1622 GRUB or GRUB2 config files. This is useful for specifying GRUB's
1625 =item --prefix=I<prefix>
1627 Specifies I<prefix> (e.g. F</srv/tftp>) that is put in front of every
1628 filename in generated bootloader configuration files (or in U-Boot
1631 If the I<prefix> contains string $NAME, it will be replaced with the
1632 name of the novaboot script (see also B<--name>).
1634 If the I<prefix> contains string $BUILDDIR, it will be replaced with
1635 the build directory (see also B<--build-dir>).
1639 Alias for B<--prefix>.
1641 =item --grub2[=I<filename>]
1643 Generate GRUB2 menu entry in I<filename>. If I<filename> is not
1644 specified F<grub.cfg> is used. The content of the menu entry can be
1645 customized with B<--grub-preamble>, B<--grub2-prolog> or
1646 B<--grub_prefix> options.
1648 To use the generated menu entry on your development
1649 machine that uses GRUB2, append the following snippet to
1650 F</etc/grub.d/40_custom> file and regenerate your grub configuration,
1651 i.e. run update-grub on Debian/Ubuntu.
1653 if [ -f /path/to/nul/build/grub.cfg ]; then
1654 source /path/to/nul/build/grub.cfg
1657 =item --grub2-prolog=I<prolog>
1659 Specifies the text that novaboot puts at the beginning of the GRUB2 menu entry.
1661 =item -m, --make[=make command]
1663 Runs C<make> to build files that are not generated by novaboot itself.
1665 =item --name=I<string>
1667 Use the name I<string> instead of the name of the novaboot script.
1668 This name is used for things like a title of grub menu or for the
1669 server directory where the boot files are copied to.
1673 Do not run external commands to generate files (i.e. "<" syntax and
1674 C<run> keyword). This switch does not influence the generation of files
1675 specified with "<<WORD" syntax.
1677 =item -p, --pulsar[=mac]
1679 Generates pulsar bootloader configuration file named F<config-I<mac>>
1680 The I<mac> string is typically a MAC address and defaults to
1683 =item --scons[=scons command]
1685 Runs C<scons> to build files that are not generated by novaboot
1690 Strip I<rom://> prefix from command lines and generated config files.
1691 The I<rom://> prefix is used by NUL. For NRE, it has to be stripped.
1695 Exit novaboot after file generation phase.
1699 =head2 Target connection check
1701 In this phase novaboot connects to target's serial port (if it has
1702 one). If another novaboot user/instance occupies the target, novaboot
1703 exits here with an error message.
1707 =item --amt=I<"[user[:password]@]host[:port]>
1709 Use Intel AMT technology to control the target machine. WS management
1710 is used to powercycle it and Serial-Over-Lan (SOL) for input/output.
1711 The hostname or (IP address) is given by the I<host> parameter. If the
1712 I<password> is not specified, environment variable AMT_PASSWORD is
1713 used. The I<port> specifies a TCP port for SOL. If not specified, the
1714 default is 16992. The default I<user> is admin.
1716 =item --iprelay=I<addr[:port]>
1718 Use TCP/IP relay and serial port to access the target's serial port
1719 and powercycle it. The I<addr> parameter specifies the IP address of
1720 the relay. If I<port> is not specified, it defaults to 23.
1722 Note: This option is supposed to work with HWG-ER02a IP relays.
1724 =item --iprelay-cmd=I<command>
1726 Similar to B<--iprelay> but uses I<command> to talk to the iprelay
1727 rather than direct network connection.
1729 =item -s, --serial[=device]
1731 Target's serial line is connected to host's serial line (device). The
1732 default value for device is F</dev/ttyUSB0>.
1734 The value of this option is exported in NB_NOVABOOT environment
1735 variable to all subprocesses run by C<novaboot>.
1737 =item --stty=I<settings>
1739 Specifies settings passed to C<stty> invoked on the serial line
1740 specified with B<--serial> option. If this option is not given,
1741 C<stty> is called with C<raw -crtscts -onlcr 115200> settings.
1743 =item --remote-cmd=I<cmd>
1745 Command that mediates connection to the target's serial line. For
1746 example C<ssh server 'cu -l /dev/ttyS0'>.
1748 =item --remote-expect=I<string>
1750 Wait for reception of I<string> after establishing the remote
1751 connection. This option is needed when novaboot should wait for
1752 confirmation before deploying files to the target, e.g. to not
1753 overwrite other user's files when they are using the target.
1755 =item --remote-expect-silent=I<string>
1757 The same as B<--remote-expect> except that the remote output is not
1758 echoed to stdout while waiting for the I<string>. Everything after the
1759 matched string is printed to stdout, so you may want to include line
1760 end characters in the I<string> as well.
1762 =item --remote-expect-timeout=I<seconds>
1764 Timeout in seconds for B<--remote-expect> or
1765 B<--remote-expect-seconds>. When negative, waits forever. The default
1770 =head2 File deployment phase
1772 In some setups, it is necessary to copy the files needed for booting
1773 to a particular location, e.g. to a TFTP boot server or to the
1778 =item -d, --dhcp-tftp
1780 Turns your workstation into a DHCP and TFTP server so that the OS can
1781 be booted via PXE BIOS (or similar mechanism) on the test machine
1782 directly connected by a plain Ethernet cable to your workstation.
1784 The DHCP and TFTP servers require root privileges and C<novaboot>
1785 uses C<sudo> command to obtain those. You can put the following to
1786 I</etc/sudoers> to allow running the necessary commands without asking
1789 Cmnd_Alias NOVABOOT = /bin/ip a add 10.23.23.1/24 dev eth0, /bin/ip l set dev eth0 up, /usr/sbin/dhcpd -d -cf dhcpd.conf -lf dhcpd.leases -pf dhcpd.pid, /usr/sbin/in.tftpd --listen --secure -v -v -v --pidfile tftpd.pid *, /usr/bin/touch dhcpd.leases, /usr/bin/pkill --pidfile=dhcpd.pid, /usr/bin/pkill --pidfile=tftpd.pid
1790 your_login ALL=NOPASSWD: NOVABOOT
1794 Starts a TFTP server on your workstation. This is similar to
1795 B<--dhcp-tftp> except that DHCP server is not started.
1797 The TFTP server requires root privileges and C<novaboot> uses C<sudo>
1798 command to obtain those. You can put the following to I</etc/sudoers>
1799 to allow running the necessary commands without asking for a password.
1801 Cmnd_Alias NOVABOOT = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd --listen --secure -v -v -v --pidfile tftpd.pid *, /usr/bin/pkill --pidfile=tftpd.pid
1802 your_login ALL=NOPASSWD: NOVABOOT
1804 =item --tftp-port=I<port>
1806 Port to run the TFTP server on. Implies B<--tftp>.
1808 =item --netif=I<network interface>
1810 Network interface used to deploy files to the target. The default value is
1811 I<eth0>. This option influences the configuration of the DHCP server started
1812 by B<--dhcp-tftp> and the value that B<$NB_MYIP> get replaced with during
1813 U-Boot conversation.
1815 =item --iso[=filename]
1817 Generates the ISO image that boots NOVA system via GRUB. If no filename
1818 is given, the image is stored under I<NAME>.iso, where I<NAME> is the name
1819 of the novaboot script (see also B<--name>).
1821 =item --server[=[[user@]server:]path]
1823 Copy all files needed for booting to another location. The files will
1824 be copied (by B<rsync> tool) to the directory I<path>. If the I<path>
1825 contains string $NAME, it will be replaced with the name of the
1826 novaboot script (see also B<--name>).
1828 =item --rsync-flags=I<flags>
1830 Specifies I<flags> to append to F<rsync> command line when
1831 copying files as a result of I<--server> option.
1835 If B<--server> is used and its value ends with $NAME, then after
1836 copying the files, a new bootloader configuration file (e.g. menu.lst)
1837 is created at I<path-wo-name>, i.e. the path specified by B<--server>
1838 with $NAME part removed. The content of the file is created by
1839 concatenating all files of the same name from all subdirectories of
1840 I<path-wo-name> found on the "server".
1844 Use Intel AMT technology for IDE redirection. This allows the target
1845 machine to boot from novaboot created ISO image. Implies B<--iso>.
1847 The experimental C<amtider> utility needed by this option can be
1848 obtained from https://github.com/wentasah/amtterm.
1852 =head2 Target power-on and reset phase
1854 At this point, the target is reset (or switched on/off). There are
1855 several ways how this can be accomplished. Resetting a physical target
1856 can currently be accomplished by the following options: B<--amt>,
1857 B<--iprelay>, B<--reset-cmd> and B<--reset-send>.
1863 Switch on/off the target machine and exit. The script (if any) is
1864 completely ignored. Currently, it works only with the following
1865 options: B<--iprelay>, B<--amt>, B<--ssh>.
1867 =item -Q, --qemu[=I<qemu-binary>]
1869 Boot the configuration in qemu. Optionally, the name of qemu binary
1870 can be specified as a parameter.
1872 =item --qemu-append=I<flags>
1874 Append I<flags> to the default qemu flags (QEMU_FLAGS variable or
1875 C<-cpu coreduo -smp 2>).
1877 =item -q, --qemu-flags=I<flags>
1879 Replace the default qemu flags (QEMU_FLAGS variable or C<-cpu coreduo
1880 -smp 2>) with I<flags> specified here.
1882 =item --reset-cmd=I<cmd>
1884 Runs command I<cmd> to reset the target.
1886 =item --reset-send=I<string>
1888 Reset the target by sending the given I<string> to the remote serial
1889 line. "\n" sequences are replaced with the newline character.
1891 =item --no-reset, --reset
1893 Disable/enable resetting of the target.
1897 =head2 Interaction with the bootloader on the target
1901 =item --uboot[=I<prompt>]
1903 Interact with U-Boot bootloader to boot the thing described in the
1904 novaboot script. I<prompt> specifies the U-Boot's prompt (default is
1905 "=> ", other common prompts are "U-Boot> " or "U-Boot# ").
1909 Disable U-Boot interaction previously enabled with B<--uboot>.
1913 Command(s) to send the U-Boot bootloader before loading the images and
1914 booting them. This option can be given multiple times. After sending
1915 commands from each option novaboot waits for U-Boot I<prompt>.
1917 If the command contains string I<$NB_MYIP> then this string is
1918 replaced by IPv4 address of eth0 interface (see also B<--netif>).
1919 Similarly, I<$NB_PREFIX> is replaced with prefix given by B<--prefix>.
1921 See also C<uboot> keyword in L</"NOVABOOT SCRIPT SYNTAX">).
1923 =item --uboot-addr I<name>=I<address>
1925 Load address of U-Boot's C<tftpboot> command for loading I<name>,
1926 where name is one of I<kernel>, I<ramdisk> or I<fdt> (flattened device
1929 The default addresses are ${I<name>_addr_r}, i.e. U-Boot environment
1930 variables used by convention for this purpose.
1932 =item --uboot-cmd=I<command>
1934 Specifies U-Boot command used to execute the OS. If the command
1935 contains strings C<$kernel_addr>, C<$ramdisk_addr>, C<$fdt_addr>,
1936 these are replaced with the addresses configured with B<--uboot-addr>.
1938 The default value is
1940 bootm $kernel_addr $ramdisk_addr $fdt_addr
1942 or the C<UBOOT_CMD> variable if defined in the novaboot script.
1946 =head2 Target interaction phase
1948 In this phase, target's serial output is redirected to stdout and if
1949 stdin is a TTY, it is redirected to the target's serial input allowing
1950 interactive work with the target.
1954 =item --exiton=I<string>
1956 When the I<string> is sent by the target, novaboot exits. This option can
1957 be specified multiple times, in which case novaboot exits whenever
1958 either of the specified strings is sent.
1960 If the I<string> is C<-re>, then the next B<--exiton>'s I<string> is
1961 treated as a regular expression. For example:
1963 --exiton -re --exiton 'error:.*failed'
1965 =item --exiton-re=I<regex>
1967 The same as --exiton -re --exiton I<regex>.
1969 =item --exiton-timeout=I<seconds>
1971 By default B<--exiton> waits for the string match forever. When this
1972 option is specified, "exiton" timeouts after the specifies the number of
1973 seconds and novaboot returns non-zero exit code.
1975 =item -i, --interactive
1977 Setup things for the interactive use of the target. Your terminal will
1978 be switched to raw mode. In raw mode, your local terminal does not
1979 process input in any way (no echoing of entered characters, no
1980 interpretation of special characters). This, among others, means that
1981 Ctrl-C is passed to the target and does not interrupt novaboot. To
1982 exit from novaboot interactive mode type "~~.".
1984 =item --no-interaction, --interaction
1986 Skip resp. force target interaction phase. When skipped, novaboot exits
1987 immediately after the boot is initiated.
1989 =item --expect=I<string>
1991 When the I<string> is received from the target, send the string specified
1992 with the subsequent B<--send*> option to the target.
1994 =item --expect-re=I<regex>
1996 When target's output matches regular expression I<regex>, send the
1997 string specified with the subsequent B<--send*> option to the target.
1999 =item --expect-raw=I<perl-code>
2001 Provides direct control over Perl's Expect module.
2003 =item --send=I<string>
2005 Send I<string> to the target after the previously specified
2006 B<--expect*> was matched in the target's output. The I<string> may
2007 contain escape sequences such as "\n".
2009 Note that I<string> is actually interpreted by Perl, so it can contain
2010 much more that escape sequences. This behavior may change in the
2013 Example: C<--expect='login: ' --send='root\n'>
2015 =item --sendcont=I<string>
2017 Similar to B<--send> but continue expecting more input.
2019 Example: C<--expect='Continue?' --sendcont='yes\n'>
2021 =item --final-eol, --no-final-eol
2023 By default, B<novaboot> always prints an end-of-line character at the
2024 end of its execution in order to ensure that the output of programs
2025 started after novaboot appears at the beginning of the line. When this
2026 is not desired B<--no-final-eol> option can be used to override this
2031 =head1 NOVABOOT SCRIPT SYNTAX
2033 The syntax tries to mimic POSIX shell syntax. The syntax is defined
2034 by the following rules.
2036 Lines starting with "#" and empty lines are ignored.
2038 Lines that end with "\" are concatenated with the following line after
2039 removal of the final "\" and leading whitespace of the following line.
2041 Lines of the form I<VARIABLE=...> (i.e. matching '^[A-Z_]+=' regular
2042 expression) assign values to internal variables. See L</VARIABLES>
2045 Otherwise, the first word on the line defines the meaning of the line.
2046 The following keywords are supported:
2052 These lines represent modules to boot. The
2053 word after C<load> is a file name (relative to the build directory
2054 (see B<--build-dir>) of the module to load and the remaining words are
2055 passed to it as the command line parameters.
2057 When the C<load> line ends with "<<WORD" then the subsequent lines
2058 until the line containing solely WORD are copied literally to the file
2059 named on that line. This is similar to shell's heredoc feature.
2061 When the C<load> line ends with "< CMD" then command CMD is executed
2062 with F</bin/sh> and its standard output is stored in the file named on
2063 that line. The SRCDIR variable in CMD's environment is set to the
2064 absolute path of the directory containing the interpreted novaboot
2069 These lines are similar to C<load> lines. The
2070 file mentioned there is copied to the same place as in the case of C<load>
2071 (e.g. tftp server), but the file is not used in the bootloader
2072 configuration. Such a file can be used by the target for other
2073 purposes than booting, e.g. at OS runtime or for firmware update.
2077 Chainload another bootloader. Instead of loading multiboot modules
2078 identified with C<load> keyword, run another bootloader. This is
2079 currently supported only by pulsar and can be used to load e.g. Grub
2080 as in the example below:
2082 chld boot/grub/i386-pc/core.0
2087 Lines starting with C<run> keyword contain shell commands that are run
2088 during file generation phase. This is the same as the "< CMD" syntax
2089 for C<load> keyboard except that the command's output is not
2090 redirected to a file. The ordering of commands is the same as they
2091 appear in the novaboot script.
2095 These lines represent U-Boot commands that are sent to the target if
2096 B<--uboot> option is given. Having a U-Boot line in the novaboot
2097 script is the same as giving B<--uboot-init> option to novaboot. The
2098 following syntax variants are supported:
2101 uboot[:<timeout>] <string> [> <file>]
2102 uboot[:<timeout>] < <shell> [> <file>]
2104 C<string> is the literal U-Boot command.
2106 The C<uboot> keyword can be suffixed with timeout specification. The
2107 syntax is C<uboot:Ns>, where C<N> is the whole number of seconds. If
2108 the U-Boot command prompt does not appear before the timeout, novaboot
2109 fails. The default timeout is 10 seconds.
2111 In the second variant with the C<<> character the shell code is
2112 executed and its standard output is sent to U-Boot. Example:
2114 uboot < printf "mmc write \$loadaddr 1 %x" $(($(/usr/bin/stat -c%s rootfs.ext4) / 512))
2116 When C<E<gt> file> part is present, the output of the U-Boot command
2117 is written into the given file.
2123 #!/usr/bin/env novaboot
2124 load bzImage console=ttyS0,115200
2125 run make -C buildroot
2126 load rootfs.cpio < gen_cpio buildroot/images/rootfs.cpio "myapp->/etc/init.d/S99myapp"
2128 Example (NOVA User Land - NUL):
2130 #!/usr/bin/env novaboot
2131 WVDESC=Example program
2132 load bin/apps/sigma0.nul S0_DEFAULT script_start:1,1 \
2133 verbose hostkeyb:0,0x60,1,12,2
2134 load bin/apps/hello.nul
2135 load hello.nulconfig <<EOF
2136 sigma0::mem:16 name::/s0/log name::/s0/timer name::/s0/fs/rom ||
2137 rom://bin/apps/hello.nul
2140 This example will load three modules: F<sigma0.nul>, F<hello.nul> and
2141 F<hello.nulconfig>. sigma0 receives some command line parameters and
2142 F<hello.nulconfig> file is generated on the fly from the lines between
2143 C<<<EOF> and C<EOF>.
2145 Example (Zynq system update via U-Boot):
2147 #!/usr/bin/env novaboot
2151 # Write kernel to FAT filesystem on the 1st SD card partition
2152 run mkimage -f uboot-image.its image.ub
2154 uboot:60s tftpboot ${loadaddr} $NB_PREFIX/image.ub
2155 uboot fatwrite mmc 0:1 ${loadaddr} image.ub $filesize
2156 uboot set bootargs console=ttyPS0,115200 root=/dev/mmcblk0p2
2158 # Write root FS image to the 2nd SD card partition
2159 copy rootfs/images/rootfs.ext4
2160 uboot:60s tftpboot ${loadaddr} $NB_PREFIX/rootfs/images/rootfs.ext4
2161 uboot mmc part > mmc-part.txt
2162 uboot < printf "mmc write \$loadaddr %x %x" $(awk '{ if ($1 == "2") { print $2 }}' mmc-part.txt) $(($(/usr/bin/stat -L --printf=%s rootfs/images/rootfs.ext4) / 512))
2169 The following variables are interpreted in the novaboot script:
2175 Novaboot chdir()s to this directory before file generation phase. The
2176 directory name specified here is relative to the build directory
2177 specified by other means (see L</--build-dir>).
2181 Assigning this variable has the same effect as specifying L</--exiton>
2184 =item HYPERVISOR_PARAMS
2186 Parameters passed to the hypervisor. The default value is "serial", unless
2187 overridden in the configuration file.
2191 The kernel to use instead of the hypervisor specified in the
2192 configuration file with the C<$hypervisor> variable. The value should
2193 contain the name of the kernel image as well as its command line
2194 parameters. If this variable is defined and non-empty, the variable
2195 HYPERVISOR_PARAMS is not used.
2199 If this variable is 1, the system is not booted. This is currently
2200 only implemented for U-Boot bootloader where it is useful for
2201 interacting with the bootloader without booting the system - e.g. for
2206 Use a specific qemu binary (can be overridden with B<-Q>) and flags
2207 when booting this script under qemu. If QEMU_FLAGS variable is also
2208 specified flags specified in QEMU variable are replaced by those in
2213 Use specific qemu flags (can be overridden with B<-q>).
2217 See L</--uboot-cmd>.
2221 Description of the WvTest-compliant program.
2223 =item WVTEST_TIMEOUT
2225 The timeout in seconds for WvTest harness. If no complete line appears
2226 in the test output within the time specified here, the test fails. It
2227 is necessary to specify this for long running tests that produce no
2228 intermediate output.
2232 =head1 CONFIGURATION FILES
2234 Novaboot can read its configuration from one or more files. By
2235 default, novaboot looks for files in F</etc/novaboot.d>, file
2236 F<~/.config/novaboot> and files named F<.novaboot> as described in
2237 L</Configuration reading phase>. Alternatively, configuration file
2238 location can be specified with the B<-c> switch or with the
2239 NOVABOOT_CONFIG environment variable. The configuration file has Perl
2240 syntax (i.e. it is better to put C<1;> as the last line) and should set
2241 values of certain Perl variables. The current configuration can be
2242 dumped with the B<--dump-config> switch. Some configuration variables
2243 can be overridden by environment variables (see below) or by command
2246 Supported configuration variables include:
2252 Build directory location relative to the location of the configuration
2255 =item $default_target
2257 Default target (see below) to use when no target is explicitly
2258 specified with the B<--target> command line option or
2259 B<NOVABOOT_TARGET> environment variable.
2263 Hash of target definitions to be used with the B<--target> option. The
2264 key is the identifier of the target, the value is the string with
2265 command line options. For instance, if the configuration file contains:
2267 $targets{'mybox'} = '--server=boot:/tftproot --serial=/dev/ttyUSB0 --grub',
2269 then the following two commands are equivalent:
2271 ./myos --server=boot:/tftproot --serial=/dev/ttyUSB0 --grub
2276 =head1 ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
2278 Some options can be specified not only via config file or command line
2279 but also through environment variables. Environment variables override
2280 the values from the configuration file and command line parameters
2281 override the environment variables.
2285 =item NOVABOOT_CONFIG
2287 Name of the novaboot configuration file to use instead of the default
2290 =item NOVABOOT_CONFIG_DIR
2292 Name of the novaboot configuration directory. When not specified
2293 F</etc/novaboot.d> is used.
2295 =item NOVABOOT_TARGET
2297 Name of the novaboot target to use. This overrides the value of
2298 B<$default_target> from the configuration file and can be overridden
2299 with the B<--target> command line option.
2301 =item NOVABOOT_BENDER
2303 Defining this variable has the same effect as using B<--bender>
2310 Michal Sojka <sojka@os.inf.tu-dresden.de>
2312 Latest novaboot version can be found at
2313 L<https://github.com/wentasah/novaboot>.
2317 # LocalWords: novaboot Novaboot NOVABOOT TFTP PXE DHCP filename stty
2318 # LocalWords: chainloader stdout Qemu qemu preprocessing ISOLINUX bootable
2319 # LocalWords: config subprocesses sudo sudoers tftp dhcp IDE stdin
2320 # LocalWords: subdirectories TTY whitespace heredoc POSIX WvTest