3 # This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
4 # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
5 # the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or
6 # (at your option) any later version.
8 # This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
9 # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
10 # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
11 # GNU General Public License for more details.
13 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
14 # along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
20 use warnings (exists $ENV{NOVABOOT_TEST} ? (FATAL => 'all') : ());
21 use Getopt::Long qw(GetOptionsFromString GetOptionsFromArray);
25 use File::Path qw(make_path);
27 use Time::HiRes("usleep");
31 use POSIX qw(:errno_h sysconf);
32 use Cwd qw(getcwd abs_path);
38 my $invocation_dir = $ENV{PWD} || getcwd();
40 # We prefer using PWD, to use nicer paths names with symbolic links.
41 # However, when executed from 'make -C dir', PWD may contain the make
42 # invocation path, not the real invocation path with dir at the end.
44 if (abs_path($ENV{PWD}) ne abs_path(getcwd())) {
45 $invocation_dir = getcwd();
48 ## Configuration file handling
50 # Default configuration
51 $CFG::hypervisor = "";
52 $CFG::hypervisor_params = "serial";
53 $CFG::genisoimage = "genisoimage";
54 $CFG::qemu = 'qemu-system-i386 -cpu coreduo -smp 2';
55 $CFG::default_target = '';
59 "tud" => '--copy=erwin.inf.tu-dresden.de:~sojka/boot/novaboot --rsync-flags="--chmod=Dg+s,ug+w,o-w,+rX --rsync-path=\"umask 002 && rsync\"" --grub --grub-prefix=(nd)/tftpboot/sojka/novaboot --grub-preamble="timeout 0" --concat --iprelay=141.76.48.80:2324 --scriptmod=s/\\\\bhostserial\\\\b/hostserialpci/g',
60 "novabox" => '--ssh=novabox@rtime.felk.cvut.cz',
61 "localhost" => '--scriptmod=s/console=tty[A-Z0-9,]+// --copy=/boot/novaboot/$NAME --grub2 --grub-prefix=/boot/novaboot/$NAME --grub2-prolog=" set root=\'(hd0,msdos1)\'"',
62 "ryu" => '--uboot --uboot-init="mw f0000b00 \${psc_cfg}; sleep 1" --uboot-addr kernel=800000 --uboot-addr ramdisk=b00000 --uboot-addr fdt=7f0000',
63 "ryuglab" => '--target ryu --ssh=ryu@pc-sojkam.felk.cvut.cz',
64 "ryulocal" => '--target ryu --dhcp-tftp --serial --reset-cmd="if which dtrrts; then dtrrts $NB_SERIAL 0 1; sleep 0.1; dtrrts $NB_SERIAL 1 1; fi"',
69 $const{linux}->{_SC_NPROCESSORS_CONF} = 83;
70 my $nproc = sysconf($const{$^O}->{_SC_NPROCESSORS_CONF});
72 $CFG::scons = "scons -j$nproc";
73 $CFG::make = "make -j$nproc";
81 package CFG; # Put config data into a separate namespace
87 die("ERROR: Failure compiling '$cfg' - $@");
88 } elsif (! defined($rc)) {
89 die("ERROR: Failure reading '$cfg' - $!");
91 die("ERROR: Failure processing '$cfg'");
94 $builddir = File::Spec->rel2abs($CFG::builddir, dirname($cfg)) if defined $CFG::builddir;
95 print STDERR "novaboot: Read $cfg\n";
100 # We don't use $0 here, because it points to the novaboot itself and
101 # not to the novaboot script. The problem with this approach is that
102 # when a script is run as "novaboot <options> <script>" then $ARGV[0]
103 # contains the first option. Hence the -f check.
104 my $dir = File::Spec->rel2abs($ARGV[0] && -f $ARGV[0] ? dirname($ARGV[0]) : '', $invocation_dir);
105 while ((-d $dir || -l $dir ) && $dir ne "/") {
106 push @cfgs, "$dir/.novaboot" if -r "$dir/.novaboot";
107 my @dirs = File::Spec->splitdir($dir);
108 $dir = File::Spec->catdir(@dirs[0..$#dirs-1]);
110 @cfgs = reverse @cfgs;
112 my $xdg_config_home = $ENV{'XDG_CONFIG_HOME'} || $ENV{'HOME'}.'/.config';
113 unshift(@cfgs, "$xdg_config_home/novaboot") if -r "$xdg_config_home/novaboot";
115 $dir = $ENV{'NOVABOOT_CONFIG_DIR'} || '/etc/novaboot.d';
116 if (opendir(my $dh, $dir)) {
117 my @etccfg = map { "$dir/$_" } grep { /^[-_a-zA-Z0-9]+$/ && -f "$dir/$_" } readdir($dh);
119 @etccfg = sort(@etccfg);
120 @cfgs = ( @etccfg, @cfgs );
123 my $cfg = $ENV{'NOVABOOT_CONFIG'};
124 Getopt::Long::Configure(qw/no_ignore_case pass_through/);
125 GetOptions ("config|c=s" => \$cfg);
126 read_config($_) foreach $cfg or @cfgs;
128 ## Command line handling
130 my $explicit_target = $ENV{'NOVABOOT_TARGET'};
131 GetOptions ("target|t=s" => \$explicit_target);
133 # Variables for command line options
134 my ($amt, @append, $bender, @chainloaders, $concat, $config_name_opt, $dhcp_tftp, $dump_opt, $dump_config, @exiton, $exiton_timeout, @expect_raw, $final_eol, $gen_only, $grub_config, $grub_prefix, $grub_preamble, $grub2_prolog, $grub2_config, $help, $ider, $interaction, $iprelay, $iprelay_cmd, $iso_image, $interactive, $kernel_opt, $make, $man, $netif, $no_file_gen, $off_opt, $on_opt, $pulsar, $pulsar_root, $qemu, $qemu_append, $qemu_flags_cmd, @remote_cmd, $remote_expect, $remote_expect_silent, $remote_expect_timeout, $reset, @reset_cmd, $reset_send, $rom_prefix, $rsync_flags, @scriptmod, $scons, $serial, $server, $stty, $tftp, $tftp_port, $uboot, %uboot_addr, $uboot_cmd, @uboot_init, $uboot_stop_key);
136 my ($target_reset, $target_power_on, $target_power_off);
138 # Default values of certain command line options
140 'kernel' => '${kernel_addr_r}',
141 'ramdisk' => '${ramdisk_addr_r}',
142 'fdt' => '${fdt_addr_r}',
145 $rom_prefix = 'rom://';
146 $stty = 'raw -crtscts -onlcr -echo 115200';
147 $reset = 1; # Reset target by default
148 $interaction = 1; # Perform target interaction by default
150 $netif = $CFG::netif;
151 $remote_expect_timeout = -1;
153 my @expect_seen = ();
157 push(@expect_seen, '-re') if $n eq "expect-re";
158 push(@expect_seen, $v);
164 unless (@expect_seen) { die("No --expect before --send"); }
165 my $ret = ($n eq "sendcont") ? exp_continue : 0;
166 unshift(@expect_raw, sub { shift->send(eval("\"$v\"")); $ret; });
167 unshift(@expect_raw, @expect_seen);
171 # Options which can be safely specified on the server (via --ssh),
172 # i.e. which cannot cause unwanted local code execution etc.
173 my %opt_spec_safe = (
174 "grub|g:s" => \$grub_config,
175 "grub-preamble=s"=> \$grub_preamble,
176 "grub2-prolog=s" => \$grub2_prolog,
177 "grub2:s" => \$grub2_config,
178 "prefix|grub-prefix=s" => \$grub_prefix,
179 "pulsar-root=s" => \$pulsar_root,
180 "pulsar|p:s" => \$pulsar,
181 "remote-expect=s"=> \$remote_expect,
182 "remote-expect-silent=s"=> sub { $remote_expect=$_[1]; $remote_expect_silent=1; },
183 "remote-expect-timeout=i"=> \$remote_expect_timeout,
184 "uboot-addr=s" => \%uboot_addr,
185 "uboot-cmd=s" => \$uboot_cmd,
186 "uboot-stop-key=s" => \$uboot_stop_key,
187 "uboot-init=s" => sub { push @uboot_init, { command => $_[1] }; },
188 "uboot:s" => \$uboot,
194 "append|a=s" => \@append,
195 "bender|b" => \$bender,
196 "build-dir=s" => sub { my ($n, $v) = @_; $builddir = File::Spec->rel2abs($v); },
197 "concat" => \$concat,
198 "chainloader=s" => \@chainloaders,
199 "dhcp-tftp|d" => \$dhcp_tftp,
200 "dump" => \$dump_opt,
201 "dump-config" => \$dump_config,
202 "exiton=s" => \@exiton,
203 "exiton-timeout=i"=> \$exiton_timeout,
204 "exiton-re=s" => sub { my ($n, $v) = @_; push(@exiton, '-re', $v); },
205 "expect=s" => \&handle_expect,
206 "expect-re=s" => \&handle_expect,
207 "expect-raw=s" => sub { my ($n, $v) = @_; unshift(@expect_raw, eval($v)); },
208 "final-eol!" => \$final_eol,
209 "gen-only" => \$gen_only,
211 "interaction!" => \$interaction,
212 "iprelay=s" => \$iprelay,
213 "iprelay-cmd=s" => \$iprelay_cmd,
214 "iso:s" => \$iso_image,
215 "kernel|k=s" => \$kernel_opt,
216 "interactive|i" => \$interactive,
217 "name=s" => \$config_name_opt,
218 "make|m:s" => \$make,
219 "netif=s" => \$netif,
220 "no-file-gen" => \$no_file_gen,
223 "qemu|Q:s" => \$qemu,
224 "qemu-append=s" => \$qemu_append,
225 "qemu-flags|q=s" => \$qemu_flags_cmd,
226 "remote-cmd=s" => sub { @remote_cmd = ($_[1]); },
228 "reset-cmd=s" => sub { @reset_cmd = ($_[1]); },
229 "reset-send=s" => \$reset_send,
230 "rsync-flags=s" => \$rsync_flags,
231 "scons:s" => \$scons,
232 "scriptmod=s" => \@scriptmod,
233 "send=s" => \&handle_send,
234 "sendcont=s" => \&handle_send,
235 "serial|s:s" => \$serial,
236 "server:s" => \$server,
237 "copy:s" => \$server,
238 "ssh:s" => \&handle_novaboot_server,
239 "strip-rom" => sub { $rom_prefix = ''; },
242 "tftp-port=i" => \$tftp_port,
243 "no-uboot" => sub { undef $uboot; },
248 sub handle_novaboot_server
251 my $xdg_runtime_dir = $ENV{XDG_RUNTIME_DIR} || '/var/run';
252 my $ssh_ctl_path = "${xdg_runtime_dir}/novaboot$$";
254 @remote_cmd = ('ssh', '-tt', '-M', '-S', $ssh_ctl_path, $val, 'console');
255 $remote_expect = "novaboot-shell: Connected";
257 $rsync_flags = "--rsh='ssh -S \'${ssh_ctl_path}\''";
258 ($grub_prefix = $val) =~ s|(.*)@.*|\/$1\/| if index($val, '@') != -1;
259 @reset_cmd = ('ssh', '-tt', '-S', $ssh_ctl_path, $val, 'reset');
261 $target_power_off = sub { system_verbose('ssh', '-tt', '-S', $ssh_ctl_path, $val, 'off'); };
262 $target_power_on = sub { system_verbose('ssh', '-tt', '-S', $ssh_ctl_path, $val, 'on'); };
264 my $cmd = "ssh '${val}' get-config";
265 print STDERR "novaboot: Running: $cmd\n";
266 my @target_config = qx($cmd < /dev/null);
267 if ($?) { die("Cannot get target configuration from the server"); }
268 printf "novaboot: Received configuration from the server:%s\n", (!@target_config) ? " empty" : "";
269 foreach (@target_config) { chomp; print " $_\n"; }
271 my $p = Getopt::Long::Parser->new;
272 $p->configure(qw/no_ignore_case no_pass_through/);
273 $p->getoptionsfromarray(\@target_config, %opt_spec_safe) or die("Error processing configuration from the server");
275 if (scalar @target_config) { die "Unsuported configuration received from the server: ".join(", ", @target_config); }
278 # First process target options
280 my $t = defined($explicit_target) ? $explicit_target : $CFG::default_target;
282 Getopt::Long::Configure(qw/no_ignore_case pass_through/);
284 exists $CFG::targets{$t} or die("Unknown target '$t' (valid targets are: ".join(", ", sort keys(%CFG::targets)).")");
286 undef $explicit_target;
287 my ($ret, $remaining_args) = GetOptionsFromString ($CFG::targets{$t}, ("target|t=s" => \$explicit_target));
288 if (!$ret) { die "Error parsing target $t option"; }
289 push(@target_expanded, @$remaining_args);
290 $t = $explicit_target;
293 my @args = (@target_expanded, @ARGV);
294 print STDERR "novaboot: Effective options: @args\n";
296 Getopt::Long::Configure(qw/no_ignore_case no_pass_through/);
297 GetOptionsFromArray(\@target_expanded, %opt_spec) or die ("Error in target definition");
300 # Then process other command line options - some of them may override
301 # what was specified by the target
302 GetOptions %opt_spec or die("Error in command line arguments");
303 pod2usage(1) if $help;
304 pod2usage(-exitstatus => 0, -verbose => 2) if $man;
306 ### Dump sanitized configuration (if requested)
310 $Data::Dumper::Indent=1;
311 print "# This file is in perl syntax.\n";
312 foreach my $key(sort(keys(%CFG::))) { # See "Symbol Tables" in perlmod(1)
313 if (defined ${$CFG::{$key}}) { print Data::Dumper->Dump([${$CFG::{$key}}], ["*$key"]); }
314 if ( @{$CFG::{$key}}) { print Data::Dumper->Dump([\@{$CFG::{$key}}], ["*$key"]); }
315 if ( %{$CFG::{$key}}) { print Data::Dumper->Dump([\%{$CFG::{$key}}], ["*$key"]); }
321 ### Sanitize configuration
323 if ($interactive && !-t STDIN) {
324 die("novaboot: Interactive mode not supported when not on terminal");
327 if (defined $config_name_opt && scalar(@ARGV) > 1) { die "You cannot use --name with multiple scripts"; }
330 $iso_image //= ''; # IDE-R needs an ISO image
331 if (!defined $amt) { die "Error: --ider requires --amt"; }
335 my %input_opts = ('--iprelay' => \$iprelay,
336 '--iprelay-cmd'=> \$iprelay_cmd,
337 '--serial' => \$serial,
338 '--remote-cmd' => (@remote_cmd ? \$remote_cmd[0] : undef),
340 my @opts = grep(defined(${$input_opts{$_}}) , keys %input_opts);
342 die("novaboot: More than one target connection option: ".join(', ', @opts)) if scalar @opts > 1;
346 if (defined $serial) {
347 $serial ||= "/dev/ttyUSB0";
348 $ENV{NB_SERIAL} = $serial;
350 if (defined $grub_config) { $grub_config ||= "menu.lst"; }
351 if (defined $grub2_config) { $grub2_config ||= "./boot/grub/grub.cfg"; }
353 ## Parse the novaboot script(s)
358 my ($modules, $variables, $generated, $copy, $chainload, $continuation) = ([], {}, [], []);
359 my $skip_reading = defined($on_opt) || defined($off_opt);
360 while (!$skip_reading && ($_ = <>)) {
361 if ($ARGV ne $last_fn) { # New script
362 die "Missing EOF in $last_fn" if $file;
363 die "Unfinished line in $last_fn" if $continuation;
365 push @scripts, { 'filename' => $ARGV,
366 'modules' => $modules = [],
367 'variables' => $variables = {},
368 'generated' => $generated = [],
369 'copy' => $copy = [],
370 'chainload' => $chainload = [],
375 next if /^#/ || /^\s*$/; # Skip comments and empty lines
377 $_ =~ s/^[[:space:]]*// if ($continuation);
379 if (/\\$/) { # Line continuation
380 $continuation .= substr($_, 0, length($_)-1);
384 if ($continuation) { # Last continuation line
385 $_ = $continuation . $_;
389 foreach my $mod(@scriptmod) { eval $mod; }
391 if ($file && $_ eq $EOF) { # Heredoc end
395 if ($file) { # Heredoc content
396 push @{$file}, "$_\n";
399 if (/^([A-Z_]+)=(.*)$/) { # Internal variable
400 $$variables{$1} = $2;
401 push(@exiton, $2) if ($1 eq "EXITON");
402 $interaction = $2 if ($1 eq "INTERACTION");
405 sub process_load_copy($) {
406 die("novaboot: '$last_fn' line $.: Missing file name\n") unless /^[^ <]+/;
407 if (/^([^ ]*)(.*?)[[:space:]]*<<([^ ]*)$/) { # Heredoc start
409 push @$generated, {filename => $1, content => $file};
413 if (/^([^ ]*)(.*?)[[:space:]]*< ?(.*)$/) { # Command substitution
414 push @$generated, {filename => $1, command => $3};
417 s/\s*$//; # Strip trailing whitespace
420 if (s/^load *//) { # Load line
421 push @$modules, process_load_copy($_);
424 if (s/^copy *//) { # Copy line
425 push @$copy, process_load_copy($_);
428 if (s/^chld *//) { # Chainload line
429 push @$chainload, process_load_copy($_);
432 if (/^run (.*)/) { # run line
433 push @$generated, {command => $1};
436 if (/^uboot(?::([0-9]+)s)? +(< *)?(.*)/) { # uboot line
437 # TODO: If U-Boot supports some interactive menu, it might
438 # make sense to store uboot lines per novaboot script.
439 my ($timeout, $redir, $string, $dest) = ($1, $2, $3);
440 if ($string =~ /(.*) *> *(.*)/) {
444 push @uboot_init, { command => $redir ? "" : $string,
445 system => $redir ? $string : "",
452 die("novaboot: Cannot parse script '$last_fn' line $.. Didn't you forget 'load' keyword?\n");
455 # print Dumper(\@scripts);
457 foreach my $script (@scripts) {
458 $modules = $$script{modules};
459 @$modules[0] =~ s/^[^ ]*/$kernel_opt/ if $kernel_opt;
460 @$modules[0] .= ' ' . join(' ', @append) if @append;
463 if (exists $variables->{KERNEL}) {
464 $kernel = $variables->{KERNEL};
466 if ($CFG::hypervisor) {
467 $kernel = $CFG::hypervisor . " ";
468 if (exists $variables->{HYPERVISOR_PARAMS}) {
469 $kernel .= $variables->{HYPERVISOR_PARAMS};
471 $kernel .= $CFG::hypervisor_params;
475 @$modules = ($kernel, @$modules) if $kernel;
476 @$modules = (@chainloaders, @$modules);
477 @$modules = ("bin/boot/bender", @$modules) if ($bender || defined $ENV{'NOVABOOT_BENDER'});
481 foreach my $script (@scripts) {
482 print join("\n", @{$$script{modules}})."\n";
489 sub generate_configs($$$) {
490 my ($base, $generated, $filename) = @_;
491 if ($base) { $base = "$base/"; };
492 foreach my $g(@$generated) {
493 if (exists $$g{content}) {
494 my $config = $$g{content};
495 my $fn = $$g{filename};
496 open(my $f, '>', $fn) || die("$fn: $!");
497 map { s|\brom://([^ ]*)|$rom_prefix$base$1|g; print $f "$_"; } @{$config};
499 print STDERR "novaboot: Created $fn\n";
500 } elsif (exists $$g{command} && ! $no_file_gen) {
501 $ENV{SRCDIR} = dirname(File::Spec->rel2abs( $filename, $invocation_dir ));
502 if (exists $$g{filename}) {
503 system_verbose("( $$g{command} ) > $$g{filename}");
505 system_verbose($$g{command});
511 sub generate_grub_config($$$$;$)
513 my ($filename, $title, $base, $modules_ref, $preamble) = @_;
514 if ($base) { $base = "$base/"; };
515 open(my $fg, '>', $filename) or die "$filename: $!";
516 print $fg "$preamble\n" if $preamble;
517 print $fg "title $title\n" if $title;
518 #print $fg "root $base\n"; # root doesn't really work for (nd)
520 foreach (@$modules_ref) {
523 my ($kbin, $kcmd) = split(' ', $_, 2);
524 $kcmd = '' if !defined $kcmd;
525 print $fg "kernel ${base}$kbin $kcmd\n";
527 s|\brom://([^ ]*)|$rom_prefix$base$1|g; # Translate rom:// files - needed for vdisk parameter of sigma0
528 print $fg "module $base$_\n";
532 print("novaboot: Created $builddir/$filename\n");
536 sub generate_syslinux_config($$$$)
538 my ($filename, $title, $base, $modules_ref) = @_;
539 if ($base && $base !~ /\/$/) { $base = "$base/"; };
540 open(my $fg, '>', $filename) or die "$filename: $!";
541 print $fg "LABEL $title\n";
542 #TODO print $fg "MENU LABEL $human_readable_title\n";
544 my ($kbin, $kcmd) = split(' ', @$modules_ref[0], 2);
546 if (system("file $kbin|grep 'Linux kernel'") == 0) {
547 my $initrd = @$modules_ref[1];
548 die('Too many "load" lines for Linux kernel') if (scalar @$modules_ref > 2);
549 print $fg "LINUX $base$kbin\n";
550 print $fg "APPEND $kcmd\n";
551 print $fg "INITRD $base$initrd\n";
553 print $fg "KERNEL mboot.c32\n";
555 foreach (@$modules_ref) {
556 s|\brom://([^ ]*)|$rom_prefix$base$1|g; # Translate rom:// files - needed for vdisk parameter of sigma0
557 push @append, "$base$_";
558 print $fg "APPEND ".join(' --- ', @append)."\n";
561 #TODO print $fg "TEXT HELP\n";
562 #TODO print $fg "some help here\n";
563 #TODO print $fg "ENDTEXT\n";
565 print("novaboot: Created $builddir/$filename\n");
569 sub generate_grub2_config($$$$;$$)
571 my ($filename, $title, $base, $modules_ref, $preamble, $prolog) = @_;
572 if ($base && substr($base,-1,1) ne '/') { $base = "$base/"; };
573 my $dir = dirname($filename);
577 open(my $fg, '>', $filename) or die "$filename: $!";
578 print $fg "$preamble\n" if $preamble;
579 $title ||= 'novaboot';
580 print $fg "menuentry $title {\n";
581 print $fg "$prolog\n" if $prolog;
583 my $boot_method = $variables->{BOOT_METHOD} // "multiboot";
584 my $module_load_method = "module";
585 if ($boot_method eq "linux") {
586 $module_load_method = "initrd";
587 die('Too many "load" lines for Linux kernel') if (scalar(@$modules_ref) > 2);
589 foreach (@$modules_ref) {
592 my ($kbin, $kcmd) = split(' ', $_, 2);
593 $kcmd = '' if !defined $kcmd;
594 print $fg " $boot_method ${base}$kbin $kcmd\n";
597 # GRUB2 doesn't pass filename in multiboot info so we have to duplicate it here
598 $_ = join(' ', ($args[0], @args));
599 s|\brom://|$rom_prefix|g; # We do not need to translate path for GRUB2
600 print $fg " $module_load_method $base$_\n";
605 print("novaboot: Created $builddir/$filename\n");
609 sub generate_pulsar_config($$$)
611 my ($filename, $modules_ref, $chainload_ref) = @_;
612 open(my $fg, '>', $filename) or die "$filename: $!";
613 print $fg "root $pulsar_root\n" if defined $pulsar_root;
614 if (scalar(@$chainload_ref) > 0) {
615 print $fg "chld $$chainload_ref[0]\n";
619 foreach (@$modules_ref) {
622 ($kbin, $kcmd) = split(' ', $_, 2);
623 $kcmd = '' if !defined $kcmd;
626 s|\brom://|$rom_prefix|g;
627 print $fg "load $_\n";
630 # Put kernel as last - this is needed for booting Linux and has no influence on non-Linux OSes
631 print $fg "exec $kbin $kcmd\n";
634 print("novaboot: Created $builddir/$filename\n");
638 sub shell_cmd_string(@)
640 if (scalar(@_) == 1) {
643 return join(' ', map((/^[-_=a-zA-Z0-9\/\.\+]+$/ ? "$_" : "'$_'"), @_));
649 print STDERR "novaboot: Running: ".shell_cmd_string(@_)."\n";
651 exit(1); # should not be reached
656 print STDERR "novaboot: Running: ".shell_cmd_string(@_)."\n";
657 my $ret = system(@_);
658 if ($ret & 0x007f) { die("Command terminated by a signal"); }
659 if ($ret & 0xff00) {die("Command exit with non-zero exit code"); }
660 if ($ret) { die("Command failure $ret"); }
665 $str =~ s/^\s+|\s+$//g;
671 if (exists $variables->{WVDESC}) {
672 print STDERR "Testing \"$variables->{WVDESC}\" in $last_fn:\n";
673 } elsif ($last_fn =~ /\.wv$/) {
674 print STDERR "Testing \"all\" in $last_fn:\n";
677 ## Connect to the target and check whether it is not occupied
679 # We have to do this before file generation phase, because file
680 # generation is intermixed with file deployment phase and we want to
681 # check whether the target is not used by somebody else before
682 # deploying files. Otherwise, we may rewrite other user's files on a
685 my $exp; # Expect object to communicate with the target over serial line
687 sub kill_exp_on_signal() {
688 # Sometimes, under unclear circumstances (e.g. when running under
689 # both Jenkins and Robotframework), novaboot does not terminate
690 # console command when killed. The console is then blocked by the
691 # stale process forever. Theoretically, this should not happen,
692 # because when novaboot is killed, console command's controlling
693 # terminal sends SIGHUP to the console command and the command
694 # should terminate. It seems that at least SSH sometimes ignores
695 # HUP and does not terminate. The code below seems to work around
696 # that problem by killing the process immediately with SIGTERM,
697 # which is not ignored.
699 sub kill_console { kill TERM => $exp->pid if $exp->pid; die "Terminated by SIG$_[0]"; };
701 # For our Jenkins/Robotframework use case, it was sufficient to
702 # handle the TERM signal, but to be on the safe side, we also
703 # catch other signals.
704 $SIG{TERM} = \&kill_console;
705 $SIG{HUP} = \&kill_console;
706 $SIG{INT} = \&kill_console;
707 $SIG{QUIT} = \&kill_console;
711 my ($amt_user, $amt_password, $amt_host, $amt_port);
713 if (defined $iprelay || defined $iprelay_cmd) {
714 if (defined $iprelay) {
716 $iprelay =~ /([.0-9]+)(:([0-9]+))?/;
719 my $paddr = sockaddr_in($port, inet_aton($addr));
720 my $proto = getprotobyname('tcp');
721 socket($IPRELAY, PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, $proto) || die "socket: $!";
722 print STDERR "novaboot: Connecting to IP relay... ";
723 connect($IPRELAY, $paddr) || die "connect: $!";
724 print STDERR "done\n";
725 $exp = Expect->init(\*$IPRELAY);
728 if (defined $iprelay_cmd) {
729 print STDERR "novaboot: Running: $iprelay_cmd\n";
732 $exp->spawn($iprelay_cmd);
733 kill_exp_on_signal();
737 print $exp "\xFF\xF6"; # AYT
738 my $connected = $exp->expect(20, # Timeout in seconds
739 '<iprelayd: connected>',
740 '-re', '<WEB51 HW[^>]*>')
741 || die "iprelay connection: " . ($! || "timeout");
746 my ($relay, $onoff) = @_;
747 die unless ($relay == 1 || $relay == 2);
749 my $cmd = ($relay == 1 ? 0x5 : 0x6) | ($onoff ? 0x20 : 0x10);
750 return "\xFF\xFA\x2C\x32".chr($cmd)."\xFF\xF0";
754 my ($relay, $onoff) = @_;
755 die unless ($relay == 1 || $relay == 2);
756 my $cmd = ($relay == 1 ? 0xdf : 0xbf) | ($onoff ? 0x00 : 0xff);
757 return "\xFF\xFA\x2C\x97".chr($cmd)."\xFF\xF0";
761 my ($relay, $onoff, $can_giveup) = @_;
762 my $confirmation = '';
764 print $exp relaycmd($relay, $onoff);
765 my $confirmed = $exp->expect(20, # Timeout in seconds
766 relayconf($relay, $onoff))
767 || die "iprelay command: " . ($! || "timeout");
770 print("Relay confirmation timeout - ignoring\n");
772 die "Relay confirmation timeout";
778 $target_reset = sub {
779 relay(2, 1, 1); # Reset the machine
784 $target_power_off = sub {
785 relay(1, 1); # Press power button
786 usleep(6000000); # Long press to switch off
790 $target_power_on = sub {
791 relay(1, 1); # Press power button
792 usleep(100000); # Short press
798 system_verbose("stty -F $serial $stty");
799 open($CONN, "+<", $serial) || die "open $serial: $!";
800 $exp = Expect->init(\*$CONN);
802 elsif (@remote_cmd) {
803 print STDERR "novaboot: Running: ".shell_cmd_string(@remote_cmd)."\n";
804 $exp = Expect->spawn(@remote_cmd);
805 kill_exp_on_signal();
807 elsif (defined $amt) {
808 require LWP::UserAgent;
809 require LWP::Authen::Digest;
812 my ($host, $username, $password, $schema, $className, $pstate) = @_;
813 #AMT numbers for PowerStateChange (MNI => bluescreen on windows;-)
814 my %pstates = ("on" => 2,
821 <s:Envelope xmlns:s="http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope" xmlns:a="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2004/08/addressing" xmlns:w="http://schemas.dmtf.org/wbem/wsman/1/wsman.xsd">
822 <s:Header><a:To>http://$host:16992/wsman</a:To>
823 <w:ResourceURI s:mustUnderstand="true">$schema</w:ResourceURI>
824 <a:ReplyTo><a:Address s:mustUnderstand="true">http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2004/08/addressing/role/anonymous</a:Address></a:ReplyTo>
825 <a:Action s:mustUnderstand="true">$schema$className</a:Action>
826 <w:MaxEnvelopeSize s:mustUnderstand="true">153600</w:MaxEnvelopeSize>
827 <a:MessageID>uuid:709072C9-609C-4B43-B301-075004043C7C</a:MessageID>
828 <w:Locale xml:lang="en-US" s:mustUnderstand="false" />
829 <w:OperationTimeout>PT60.000S</w:OperationTimeout>
830 <w:SelectorSet><w:Selector Name="Name">Intel(r) AMT Power Management Service</w:Selector></w:SelectorSet>
832 <p:RequestPowerStateChange_INPUT xmlns:p="http://schemas.dmtf.org/wbem/wscim/1/cim-schema/2/CIM_PowerManagementService">
833 <p:PowerState>$pstates{$pstate}</p:PowerState>
834 <p:ManagedElement><a:Address>http://$host:16992/wsman</a:Address>
835 <a:ReferenceParameters><w:ResourceURI>http://schemas.dmtf.org/wbem/wscim/1/cim-schema/2/CIM_ComputerSystem</w:ResourceURI>
836 <w:SelectorSet><w:Selector Name="Name">ManagedSystem</w:Selector></w:SelectorSet>
837 </a:ReferenceParameters></p:ManagedElement>
838 </p:RequestPowerStateChange_INPUT>
839 </s:Body></s:Envelope>
844 my ($host, $username, $password, $content) = @_;
846 my $ua = LWP::UserAgent->new();
847 $ua->agent("novaboot");
849 my $req = HTTP::Request->new(POST => "http://$host:16992/wsman");
850 my $res = $ua->request($req);
851 die ("Unexpected AMT response: " . $res->status_line) unless $res->code == 401;
853 my ($realm) = $res->header("WWW-Authenticate") =~ /Digest realm="(.*?)"/;
854 $ua->credentials("$host:16992", $realm, $username => $password);
857 $req = HTTP::Request->new(POST => "http://$host:16992/wsman");
858 $req->content_type('application/x-www-form-urlencoded');
859 $req->content($content);
860 $res = $ua->request($req);
861 die ("AMT power change request failed: " . $res->status_line) unless $res->is_success;
862 $res->content() =~ /<g:ReturnValue>(\d+)<\/g:ReturnValue>/;
867 my ($host, $username, $password, $pstate)=@_;
868 my $schema="http://schemas.dmtf.org/wbem/wscim/1/cim-schema/2/CIM_PowerManagementService";
869 my $className="/RequestPowerStateChange";
870 my $content = genXML($host, $username, $password ,$schema, $className, $pstate);
871 return sendPOST($host, $username, $password, $content);
874 ($amt_user,$amt_password,$amt_host,$amt_port) = ($amt =~ /(?:(.*?)(?::(.*))?@)?([^:]*)(?::([0-9]*))?/);;
875 $amt_user ||= "admin";
876 $amt_password ||= $ENV{'AMT_PASSWORD'} || die "AMT password not specified";
877 $amt_host || die "AMT host not specified";
881 $target_power_off = sub {
883 my $result = powerChange($amt_host,$amt_user,$amt_password, "off");
884 die "AMT power off failed (ReturnValue $result)" if $result != 0;
887 $target_power_on = sub {
888 my $result = powerChange($amt_host,$amt_user,$amt_password, "on");
889 die "AMT power on failed (ReturnValue $result)" if $result != 0;
892 $target_reset = sub {
893 my $result = powerChange($amt_host,$amt_user,$amt_password, "reset");
895 print STDERR "Warning: Cannot reset $amt_host, trying power on. ";
896 $result = powerChange($amt_host,$amt_user,$amt_password, "on");
898 die "AMT reset failed (ReturnValue $result)" if $result != 0;
901 my $cmd = "amtterm -u $amt_user -p $amt_password $amt_host $amt_port";
902 print STDERR "novaboot: Running: $cmd\n" =~ s/\Q$amt_password\E/???/r;
903 $exp = Expect->spawn($cmd);
904 $exp->expect(10, "RUN_SOL") || die "Expect for 'RUN_SOL': " . ($! || "timeout");
908 if ($remote_expect) {
909 $exp || die("No serial line connection");
910 my $log = $exp->log_stdout;
911 if (defined $remote_expect_silent) {
914 $exp->expect($remote_expect_timeout >= 0 ? $remote_expect_timeout : undef,
915 $remote_expect) || die "Expect for '$remote_expect':" . ($! || "timeout");;
916 if (defined $remote_expect_silent) {
917 $exp->log_stdout($log);
918 print $exp->after() if $log;
923 $target_reset = sub {
924 system_verbose(@reset_cmd);
928 if (defined $reset_send) {
929 $target_reset = sub {
930 $reset_send =~ s/\\n/\n/g;
931 $exp->send($reset_send);
935 if (defined $on_opt && defined $target_power_on) {
939 if (defined $off_opt && defined $target_power_off) {
940 print STDERR "novaboot: Switching the target off...\n";
941 &$target_power_off();
945 $builddir ||= dirname(File::Spec->rel2abs( ${$scripts[0]}{filename})) if scalar @scripts;
946 if (defined $builddir) {
947 chdir($builddir) or die "Can't change directory to $builddir: $!";
948 print STDERR "novaboot: Entering directory `$builddir'\n";
950 $builddir = $invocation_dir;
953 ## File generation phase
954 my (%files_iso, $menu_iso, $filename);
955 my $config_name = '';
958 foreach my $script (@scripts) {
959 $filename = $$script{filename};
960 $modules = $$script{modules};
961 $generated = $$script{generated};
962 $variables = $$script{variables};
964 ($config_name = $filename) =~ s#.*/##;
965 $config_name = $config_name_opt if (defined $config_name_opt);
967 if (exists $variables->{BUILDDIR}) {
968 $builddir = File::Spec->rel2abs($variables->{BUILDDIR});
969 chdir($builddir) or die "Can't change directory to $builddir: $!";
970 print STDERR "novaboot: Entering directory `$builddir'\n";
974 $prefix = $grub_prefix;
975 $prefix =~ s/\$NAME/$config_name/;
976 $prefix =~ s/\$BUILDDIR/$builddir/;
978 # TODO: use $grub_prefix as first parameter if some switch is given
979 generate_configs('', $generated, $filename);
981 ### Generate bootloader configuration files
982 my @bootloader_configs;
983 push @bootloader_configs, generate_grub_config($grub_config, $config_name, $prefix, $modules, $grub_preamble) if (defined $grub_config);
984 push @bootloader_configs, generate_grub2_config($grub2_config, $config_name, $prefix, $modules, $grub_preamble, $grub2_prolog) if (defined $grub2_config);
985 push @bootloader_configs, generate_pulsar_config('config-'.($pulsar||'novaboot'), $modules, $chainload) if (defined $pulsar);
987 ### Run scons or make
990 push @all, @$modules;
992 push @all, @$chainload;
993 my @files = map({ ($file) = m/([^ ]*)/; $file; } @all);
995 # Filter-out generated files
996 my @to_build = grep({ my $file = $_; !scalar(grep($file eq ($$_{filename} || ''), @$generated)) } @files);
998 system_verbose($scons || $CFG::scons." ".join(" ", @to_build)) if (defined $scons);
999 system_verbose($make || $CFG::make ." ".join(" ", @to_build)) if (defined $make);
1002 ### Copy files (using rsync)
1003 if (defined $server && !defined($gen_only)) {
1004 (my $real_server = $server) =~ s/\$NAME/$config_name/;
1006 my ($hostname, $path) = split(":", $real_server, 2);
1007 if (! defined $path) {
1011 my $files = join(" ", map({ ($file) = m/([^ ]*)/; $file; } ( @$modules, @bootloader_configs, @$copy)));
1012 map({ my $file = (split)[0]; die "Not a file: $file: $!" if ! -e $file || -d $file; } @$modules);
1013 my $istty = -t STDOUT && ($ENV{'TERM'} || 'dumb') ne 'dumb';
1014 my $progress = $istty ? "--progress" : "";
1016 system_verbose("rsync $progress -RL --chmod=ugo=rwX $rsync_flags $files $real_server");
1017 if ($server =~ m|/\$NAME$| && $concat) {
1018 my $cmd = join("; ", map { "( cd $path/.. && cat */$_ > $_ )" } @bootloader_configs);
1019 system_verbose($hostname ? "ssh $hostname '$cmd'" : $cmd);
1024 ### Prepare ISO image generation
1025 if (defined $iso_image) {
1026 generate_configs("(cd)", $generated, $filename);
1028 generate_syslinux_config(\$menu, $config_name, "/", $modules);
1029 $menu_iso .= "$menu\n";
1030 map { ($file,undef) = split; $files_iso{$file} = 1; } @$modules;
1034 ## Generate ISO image
1035 if (defined $iso_image) {
1036 system_verbose("mkdir -p isolinux");
1039 if (-f '/usr/lib/ISOLINUX/isolinux.bin') {
1040 # Newer ISOLINUX version
1041 @files = qw(/usr/lib/ISOLINUX/isolinux.bin /usr/lib/syslinux/modules/bios/mboot.c32 /usr/lib/syslinux/modules/bios/libcom32.c32 /usr/lib/syslinux/modules/bios/menu.c32 /usr/lib/syslinux/modules/bios/ldlinux.c32);
1042 } elsif (-f '/usr/lib/syslinux/isolinux.bin') {
1043 # Older ISOLINUX version
1044 @files = qw(/usr/lib/syslinux/isolinux.bin /usr/lib/syslinux/mboot.c32 /usr/lib/syslinux/menu.c32);
1046 # NixOS and maybe others
1047 my $syslinux = `which syslinux` || die "Cannot find syslinux";
1049 $syslinux =~ s,/bin/syslinux$,,;
1050 @files = ("$syslinux/share/syslinux/isolinux.bin", "$syslinux/share/syslinux/mboot.c32", "$syslinux/share/syslinux/libcom32.c32", "$syslinux/share/syslinux/menu.c32", "$syslinux/share/syslinux/ldlinux.c32");
1052 system_verbose("cp @files isolinux && chmod +w isolinux/*");
1053 open(my $fh, ">isolinux/isolinux.cfg");
1055 print $fh "TIMEOUT 50\n";
1056 print $fh "DEFAULT menu\n";
1058 print $fh "DEFAULT $config_name\n";
1060 print $fh "$menu_iso";
1063 my $files = join(" ", map("$_=$_", (keys(%files_iso), 'isolinux/isolinux.cfg', map(s|.*/|isolinux/|r, @files))));
1064 $iso_image ||= "$config_name.iso";
1066 # Note: We use -U flag below to "Allow 'untranslated' filenames,
1067 # completely violating the ISO9660 standards". Without this
1068 # option, isolinux is not able to read files names for example
1070 system_verbose("$CFG::genisoimage -R -b isolinux/isolinux.bin -c isolinux/boot.cat -no-emul-boot -boot-load-size 4 -boot-info-table -hide-rr-moved -U -o $iso_image -graft-points $files");
1071 print("ISO image created: $builddir/$iso_image\n");
1074 exit(0) if defined $gen_only;
1076 ## Boot the system using various methods and send serial output to stdout
1078 if (scalar(@scripts) > 1 && ( defined $dhcp_tftp || defined $serial || defined $iprelay)) {
1079 die "You cannot do this with multiple scripts simultaneously";
1082 if ($variables->{WVTEST_TIMEOUT}) {
1083 print STDERR "wvtest: timeout ", $variables->{WVTEST_TIMEOUT}, "\n";
1088 if (defined $qemu) {
1090 $qemu ||= $variables->{QEMU} || $CFG::qemu;
1091 my @qemu_flags = split(" ", $qemu);
1092 $qemu = shift(@qemu_flags);
1094 @qemu_flags = split(/ +/, trim($variables->{QEMU_FLAGS})) if exists $variables->{QEMU_FLAGS};
1095 @qemu_flags = split(/ +/, trim($qemu_flags_cmd)) if $qemu_flags_cmd;
1096 push(@qemu_flags, split(/ +/, trim($qemu_append || '')));
1098 if (defined $iso_image) {
1099 # Boot NOVA with grub (and test the iso image)
1100 push(@qemu_flags, ('-cdrom', $iso_image));
1102 # Boot NOVA without GRUB
1104 # Non-patched qemu doesn't like commas, but NUL can live with pluses instead of commans
1105 foreach (@$modules) {s/,/+/g;}
1106 generate_configs("", $generated, $filename);
1108 if (scalar @$modules) {
1109 my ($kbin, $kcmd) = split(' ', shift(@$modules), 2);
1110 $kcmd = '' if !defined $kcmd;
1112 @$modules = map { if (/\.dtb$/) { $dtb=$_; (); } else { $_ } } @$modules;
1113 my $initrd = join ",", @$modules;
1115 push(@qemu_flags, ('-kernel', $kbin, '-append', $kcmd));
1116 push(@qemu_flags, ('-initrd', $initrd)) if $initrd;
1117 push(@qemu_flags, ('-dtb', $dtb)) if $dtb;
1120 if (!grep /^-serial$/, @qemu_flags) {
1121 push(@qemu_flags, qw(-serial stdio)); # Redirect serial output (for collecting test restuls)
1123 unshift(@qemu_flags, ('-name', $config_name));
1124 print STDERR "novaboot: Running: ".shell_cmd_string($qemu, @qemu_flags)."\n";
1125 $exp = Expect->spawn(($qemu, @qemu_flags)) || die("exec() failed: $!");
1128 ### Local DHCPD and TFTPD
1130 my ($dhcpd_pid, $tftpd_pid);
1132 $tftp=1 if $tftp_port;
1134 if (defined $dhcp_tftp)
1136 generate_configs("(nd)", $generated, $filename);
1137 system_verbose('mkdir -p tftpboot');
1138 generate_grub_config("tftpboot/os-menu.lst", $config_name, "(nd)", \@$modules, "timeout 0");
1139 open(my $fh, '>', 'dhcpd.conf');
1140 my $mac = `cat /sys/class/net/$netif/address`;
1143 subnet 10.23.23.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
1144 range 10.23.23.10 10.23.23.100;
1145 next-server 10.23.23.1;
1147 class \"pxe-clients\" {
1148 match option vendor-class-identifier;
1150 subclass \"pxe-clients\" \"PXEClient:Arch:00000:UNDI:002001\" {
1151 option bootfile-name \"boot/grub/i386-pc/core.0\";
1153 subclass \"pxe-clients\" \"PXEClient:Arch:00007:UNDI:003016\" {
1154 option bootfile-name \"boot/grub/x86_64-efi/core.efi\";
1157 hardware ethernet $mac;
1158 fixed-address 10.23.23.1;
1161 system_verbose("sudo ip a add 10.23.23.1/24 dev $netif;
1162 sudo ip l set dev $netif up;
1163 sudo touch dhcpd.leases");
1165 # We run servers by forking ourselves, because the servers end up
1166 # in our process group and get killed by signals sent to the
1167 # process group (e.g. Ctrl-C on terminal).
1168 $dhcpd_pid = fork();
1169 exec_verbose("sudo dhcpd -d -cf dhcpd.conf -lf dhcpd.leases -pf dhcpd.pid") if ($dhcpd_pid == 0);
1172 if (defined $dhcp_tftp || defined $tftp) {
1174 my $tftp_root = "$builddir";
1175 $tftp_root = "$server" if(defined $server);
1177 # Prepare a GRUB netboot directory
1178 system_verbose("grub-mknetdir --net-directory=$tftp_root") if (defined $grub2_config);
1180 # Generate TFTP mapfile
1181 open(my $fh, '>', "$tftp_root/mapfile");
1182 print $fh "# Some PXE clients (mainly UEFI) have bug. They add zero byte to the end of the
1183 # path name. This rule removes it
1186 # Unfortunately, tftpd requires root privileges even with
1187 # non-privileged (>1023) port due to initgroups().
1188 system_verbose("sudo in.tftpd --listen --secure -v -v -v --pidfile tftpd.pid -m mapfile --address :$tftp_port $tftp_root");
1190 # Kill server when we die
1191 $SIG{__DIE__} = sub { system_verbose('sudo pkill --pidfile=dhcpd.pid') if (defined $dhcp_tftp);
1192 system_verbose("sudo pkill --pidfile=$tftp_root/tftpd.pid"); };
1194 # We have to kill tftpd explicitely, because it is not in our process group
1195 $SIG{INT} = sub { system_verbose("sudo pkill --pidfile=$tftp_root/tftpd.pid"); exit(0); };
1199 if (defined $ider) {
1200 my $ider_cmd= "amtider -c $iso_image -u $amt_user -p $amt_password $amt_host $amt_port" ;
1201 print STDERR "novaboot: Running: $ider_cmd\n" =~ s/\Q$amt_password\E/???/r;
1202 my $ider_pid = fork();
1203 if ($ider_pid == 0) {
1205 die "IDE redirection failed";
1207 # FIXME: This collides with --tftp option. Hopefully, nobody needs
1208 # to use both simultaneously.
1209 $SIG{__DIE__} = sub { system_verbose('kill $ider_pid'); };
1212 ### Reset target (IP relay, AMT, ...)
1214 if (defined $target_reset && $reset) {
1215 print STDERR "novaboot: Resetting the test box... ";
1217 print STDERR "done\n";
1219 # We don't want to output anything printed by the target
1220 # before reset so we clear the buffers now. This is, however,
1221 # not ideal because we may loose some data that were sent
1222 # after the reset. If this is a problem, one should reset and
1223 # connect to serial line in atomic manner. For example, if
1224 # supported by hardware, use --remote-cmd 'sterm -d ...' and
1225 # do not use separate --reset-cmd.
1226 my $log = $exp->log_stdout;
1227 $exp->log_stdout(0);
1228 $exp->expect(0); # Read data from target
1229 $exp->clear_accum(); # Clear the read data
1230 $exp->log_stdout($log);
1234 ### U-boot conversation
1235 if (defined $uboot) {
1236 my $uboot_prompt = $uboot || '=> ';
1237 print STDERR "novaboot: Waiting for U-Boot prompt...\n";
1238 $exp || die("No serial line connection");
1239 $exp->log_stdout(1);
1240 #$exp->exp_internal(1);
1242 [qr/Hit any key to stop autoboot:/, sub {
1243 $exp->send($uboot_stop_key // "\n");
1245 $uboot_prompt) || die "No U-Boot prompt deteceted";
1246 foreach my $cmdspec (@uboot_init) {
1247 my ($cmd, $timeout);
1248 die "Internal error - please report a bug" unless ref($cmdspec) eq "HASH";
1250 if ($cmdspec->{system}) {
1251 $cmd = `$cmdspec->{system}`;
1253 $cmd = $cmdspec->{command};
1255 $timeout = $cmdspec->{timeout} // 10;
1257 if ($cmd =~ /\$NB_MYIP/) {
1258 my $ip = (grep /inet /, `ip addr show $netif`)[0] || die "Problem determining IP address of $netif";
1259 $ip =~ s/\s*inet ([0-9.]*).*/$1/;
1260 $cmd =~ s/\$NB_MYIP/$ip/g;
1262 if ($cmd =~ /\$NB_PREFIX/) {
1265 $cmd =~ s/\$NB_PREFIX/$p/g;
1268 $exp->send("$cmd\n");
1270 my ($matched_pattern_position, $error,
1271 $successfully_matching_string,
1272 $before_match, $after_match) =
1273 $exp->expect($timeout, $uboot_prompt);
1274 die "No U-Boot prompt: $error" if $error;
1276 if ($cmdspec->{dest}) {
1277 open(my $fh, ">", $cmdspec->{dest}) or die "Cannot open '$cmdspec->{dest}': $!";
1278 print $fh $before_match;
1283 # Load files if there are some load lines in the script
1284 if (scalar(@$modules) > 0 && !$variables->{NO_BOOT}) {
1285 my ($kbin, $kcmd) = split(' ', shift(@$modules), 2);
1287 @$modules = map { if (/\.dtb$/) { $dtb=$_; (); } else { $_ } } @$modules;
1288 my $initrd = shift @$modules;
1290 if (defined $kbin && $kbin ne '/dev/null') {
1291 die "No '--uboot-addr kernel' given" unless $uboot_addr{kernel};
1292 $exp->send("tftpboot $uboot_addr{kernel} $prefix$kbin\n");
1294 [qr/##/, sub { exp_continue; }],
1295 $uboot_prompt) || die "Kernel load: " . ($! || "timeout");
1298 die "No '--uboot-addr fdt' given" unless $uboot_addr{fdt};
1299 $exp->send("tftpboot $uboot_addr{fdt} $prefix$dtb\n");
1301 [qr/##/, sub { exp_continue; }],
1302 $uboot_prompt) || die "Device tree load: " . ($! || "timeout");
1304 $uboot_addr{fdt} = '';
1306 if (defined $initrd) {
1307 die "No '--uboot-addr ramdisk' given" unless $uboot_addr{ramdisk};
1308 $exp->send("tftpboot $uboot_addr{ramdisk} $prefix$initrd\n");
1310 [qr/##/, sub { exp_continue; }],
1311 $uboot_prompt) || die "Initrd load: " . ($! || "timeout");
1313 $uboot_addr{ramdisk} = '-';
1317 $exp->send("setenv bootargs $kcmd\n");
1318 $exp->expect(5, $uboot_prompt) || die "U-Boot prompt: " . ($! || "timeout");
1321 $uboot_cmd //= $variables->{UBOOT_CMD} // 'bootm $kernel_addr $ramdisk_addr $fdt_addr';
1322 if (!$variables->{NO_BOOT} && $uboot_cmd ne '') {
1323 $uboot_cmd =~ s/\$kernel_addr/$uboot_addr{kernel}/g;
1324 $uboot_cmd =~ s/\$ramdisk_addr/$uboot_addr{ramdisk}/g;
1325 $uboot_cmd =~ s/\$fdt_addr/$uboot_addr{fdt}/g;
1327 $exp->send($uboot_cmd . "\n");
1328 $exp->expect(5, "\n") || die "U-Boot command: " . ($! || "timeout");
1332 ### Serial line interaction
1333 if ($interaction && defined $exp) {
1334 # Serial line of the target is available
1335 my $interrupt = 'Ctrl-C';
1336 if ($interactive && !@exiton) {
1337 $interrupt = '"~~."';
1339 print STDERR "novaboot: Serial line interaction (press $interrupt to interrupt)...\n";
1340 $exp->log_stdout(1);
1342 $exp->expect($exiton_timeout, @exiton, @expect_raw) || die("exiton: " . ($! || "timeout"));
1344 my @inputs = ($exp);
1345 my $infile = new IO::File;
1346 $infile->IO::File::fdopen(*STDIN,'r');
1347 my $in_object = Expect->exp_init($infile);
1348 $in_object->set_group($exp);
1351 $in_object->set_seq('~~\.', sub { print STDERR "novaboot: Escape sequence detected\r\n"; undef; });
1352 $in_object->manual_stty(0); # Use raw terminal mode
1354 $in_object->manual_stty(1); # Do not modify terminal settings
1356 push(@inputs, $in_object);
1358 #print Dumper(\@expect_raw);
1359 $exp->expect(undef, @expect_raw) if @expect_raw;
1361 $^W = 0; # Suppress Expect warning: handle id(3) is not a tty. Not changing mode at /usr/share/perl5/Expect.pm line 393, <> line 8.
1362 Expect::interconnect(@inputs) unless defined($exp->exitstatus);
1367 # When exp-spawned command ignores SIGHUP, Expect waits 5 seconds
1368 # before killing it. We kill it by SIGTERM immediately.
1369 kill TERM => $exp->pid if defined $exp && $exp->pid;
1371 ## Kill dhcpc or tftpd
1372 if (defined $dhcp_tftp || defined $tftp) {
1373 die("novaboot: This should kill servers on background\n");
1376 # Always finish novaboot output with newline
1377 print "\n" if $final_eol;
1385 novaboot - Boots a locally compiled operating system on a remote
1392 B<novaboot> [option]... [--] script...
1394 B<./script> [option]...
1398 Novaboot makes booting of a locally compiled operating system (OS)
1399 (e.g. NOVA or Linux) on remote targets as simple as running a program
1400 locally. It automates things like copying OS images to a TFTP server,
1401 generation of bootloader configuration files, resetting of target
1402 hardware or redirection of target's serial line to stdin/out. Novaboot
1403 is highly configurable and makes it easy to boot a single image on
1404 different targets or different images on a single target.
1406 Novaboot operation is controlled by configuration files, command line
1407 options and by a so-called novaboot script, which can be thought as a
1408 generalization of bootloader configuration files (see L</"NOVABOOT
1409 SCRIPT SYNTAX">). The typical way of using novaboot is to make the
1410 novaboot script executable and set its first line to I<#!/usr/bin/env
1411 novaboot>. Then, booting a particular OS configuration becomes the
1412 same as executing a local program – the novaboot script.
1414 Novaboot uses configuration files to, among other things, define
1415 command line options needed for different targets. Users typically use
1416 only the B<-t>/B<--target> command line option to select the target.
1417 Internally, this option expands to the pre-configured options.
1418 Novaboot searches configuration files at multiple places, which allows
1419 having per-system, per-user or per-project configurations.
1420 Configuration file syntax is described in section L</"CONFIGURATION
1423 Novaboot newcomers may be confused by a large number of configuration
1424 options. Understanding all these options is not always needed,
1425 depending on the used setup. The L<figure from the doc directory
1426 |https://github.com/wentasah/novaboot/blob/master/doc/typical-setups.svg>
1427 shows different setups that vary in how much effort is needed
1428 to configure novaboot for them. The setups are:
1432 =item A: Laptop and target device only
1434 This requires to configure everything on the laptop side, including a
1435 serial line connection (L</--serial>, L</--remote-cmd>, ...), power
1436 on/off/reset commands (L</--reset-cmd>, ...), TFTP server
1437 (L</--copy>, L</--prefix>...), device IP addresses, etc.
1439 =item B: Laptop, target device and external TFTP server
1441 Like the previous setup, but the TFTP (and maybe DHCP) configuration
1442 is handled by a server. Novaboot users need to understand where to
1443 copy their files to the TFTP server (L</--copy>) and which IP
1444 addresses their target will get, but do not need to configure the
1447 =item C: Novaboot server running novaboot-shell
1449 With this setup, the configuration is done on the server. Users only
1450 need to know the SSH account (L</--ssh>) used to communicate between
1451 novaboot and novaboot server. The server is implemented as a
1452 restricted shell (L<novaboot-shell(1)>) on the server. No need to give
1453 full shell access to novaboot users on the server.
1457 =head2 Simple examples of using C<novaboot>:
1459 To boot Linux (files F<bzImage> and F<rootfs.cpio> in current
1460 directory), create F<mylinux> file with this content:
1462 #!/usr/bin/env novaboot
1463 load bzImage console=ttyS0,115200
1470 Booting an OS in Qemu can be accomplished by giving the B<--qemu> option.
1473 novaboot --qemu mylinux
1475 (or C<./mylinux --qemu> as described above) will run Qemu and make it
1476 boot the configuration specified in the F<mylinux> script. How is qemu
1477 started can be configured in various ways (see below).
1481 Create a bootloader configuration file (currently supported
1482 bootloaders are GRUB, GRUB2, ISOLINUX, Pulsar, and U-Boot) and copy it
1483 with all other files needed for booting to a remote TFTP server. Then
1484 use a TCP/IP-controlled relay/serial-to-TCP converter to reset the
1485 target and receive its serial output.
1487 ./mylinux --grub2 --copy=192.168.1.1:/tftp --iprelay=192.168.1.2
1489 Alternatively, you can put these switches to the configuration file
1492 ./mylinux --target mytarget
1496 Specifying all the options needed by novaboot to successfully control
1497 the target, either on command line or in configuration files, can be
1498 difficult for users. Novaboot supports configuring the target
1499 centrally via L<novaboot-shell(1)> on a server. With such a
1500 configuration, users only need to use the B<--ssh> option to specify
1501 where to boot their OS:
1503 ./mylinux --ssh myboard@example.com
1505 Typically, the server is the computer connected to and controlling the
1506 target board and running the TFTP server.
1510 Run DHCP and TFTP server on developer's machine to boot the target
1513 ./mylinux --dhcp-tftp
1515 This usage is useful when no network infrastructure is in place, and
1516 the target is connected directly to developer's box.
1520 Create bootable ISO image.
1522 novaboot --iso -- script1 script2
1524 The created ISO image will have ISOLINUX bootloader installed on it,
1525 and the boot menu will allow selecting between I<script1> and
1526 I<script2> configurations.
1530 =head1 OPTIONS AND PHASES
1532 Novaboot performs its work in several phases. Command line options
1533 described bellow influence the execution of each phase or allow their
1534 skipping. The list of phases (in the execution order) is as follows.
1538 =item 1. L<Configuration reading|/Configuration reading phase>
1540 =item 2. L<Command line processing|/Command line processing phase>
1542 =item 3. L<Script preprocessing|/Script preprocessing phase>
1544 =item 4. L<File generation|/File generation phase>
1546 =item 5. L<Target connection|/Target connection check>
1548 =item 6. L<File deployment|/File deployment phase>
1550 =item 7. L<Target power-on and reset|/Target power-on and reset phase>
1552 =item 8. L<Interaction with the bootloader|/Interaction with the bootloader on the target>
1554 =item 9. L<Target interaction|/Target interaction phase>
1558 Each phase is described in the following sections together with the
1559 command line options that control it.
1561 =head2 Configuration reading phase
1563 After starting, novaboot reads zero or more configuration files. We
1564 describe their content in section L</"CONFIGURATION FILES">. By default, the
1565 configuration is read from multiple locations. First from the system
1566 configuration directory (F</etc/novaboot.d/>), second from the user
1567 configuration file (F<~/.config/novaboot>) and third from F<.novaboot>
1568 files along the path to the current directory. Alternatively, a single
1569 configuration file specified with the B<-c> switch or with the
1570 C<NOVABOOT_CONFIG> environment variable is read. The latter read files
1571 override settings from the former ones.
1573 The system configuration directory is determined by the content of
1574 NOVABOOT_CONFIG_DIR environment variable and defaults to
1575 F</etc/novaboot.d>. Files in this directory with names consisting
1576 solely of English letters, numbers, dashes '-' and underscores '_'
1577 (note that dot '.' is not included) are read in alphabetical order.
1579 Then, the user configuration file is read from
1580 F<$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/novaboot>. If C<$XDG_CONFIG_HOME> environment
1581 variable is not set F<~/.config/novaboot> is read instead.
1583 Finally, novaboot searches for files named F<.novaboot> starting from the
1584 directory of the novaboot script (or working directory, see bellow)
1585 and continuing upwards up to the root directory. The found
1586 configuration files are then read in the opposite order (i.e. from the
1587 root directory downwards). This ordering allows having, for example, a project
1588 specific configuration in F<~/project/.novaboot>.
1590 Note the difference between F<~/.config/novaboot> and F<~/.novaboot>.
1591 The former one is always read, whereas the latter only when novaboot
1592 script or working directory is under the C<$HOME> directory.
1594 In certain cases, the location of the novaboot script cannot be
1595 determined in this early phase. This situation happens either when the script is
1596 read from the standard input or when novaboot is invoked explicitly as
1597 in the example L</"4."> above. In this case, the current working
1598 directory is used as a starting point for configuration file search
1599 instead of the novaboot script directory.
1603 =item -c, --config=I<filename>
1605 Use the specified configuration file instead of the default one(s).
1609 =head2 Command line processing phase
1615 Dump the current configuration to stdout end exit. Useful as an
1616 initial template for a configuration file.
1620 Print short (B<-h>) or long (B<--help>) help.
1622 =item -t, --target=I<target>
1624 This option serves as a user configurable shortcut for other novaboot
1625 options. The effect of this option is the same as specifying the
1626 options stored in the C<%targets> configuration variable under key
1627 I<target>. See also L</"CONFIGURATION FILES">.
1629 When this option is not given, novaboot tries to determine the target
1630 to use from either B<NOVABOOT_TARGET> environment variable or
1631 B<$default_target> configuration file variable.
1633 =item --ssh=I<user@hostname>
1635 Configures novaboot to control the target via C<novaboot-shell>
1636 running remotely via SSH.
1638 Using this option is the same as specifying B<--remote-cmd>,
1639 B<--remote-expect>, B<--copy> B<--rsync-flags>, B<--prefix> and
1640 B<--reset-cmd> manually in a way compatible with C<novaboot-shell>.
1641 The server can be configured to provide other, safe bootloader-related
1642 options, to the client. When this happens, novaboot prints them to
1645 Currently, this in an initial experimental implementation. We plan to
1646 change/extend this feature soon!
1650 =head2 Script preprocessing phase
1652 This phase allows modifying the parsed novaboot script before it is
1653 used in the later phases.
1657 =item -a, --append=I<parameters>
1659 Append a string to the first C<load> line in the novaboot script. This option
1660 can be used to append parameters to the kernel's or root task's
1661 command line. This option can appear multiple times.
1665 Use L<Bender|https://github.com/TUD-OS/morbo/blob/master/standalone/bender.c>
1666 chainloader. Bender scans the PCI bus for PCI serial ports and stores
1667 the information about them in the BIOS data area for use by the
1670 =item --chainloader=I<chainloader>
1672 Specifies a chainloader that is loaded before the kernel and other
1673 files specified in the novaboot script. E.g. 'bin/boot/bender
1678 Print the modules to boot and their parameters, after this phase
1679 finishes. Then exit. This is useful for seeing the effect of other
1680 options in this section.
1682 =item -k, --kernel=F<file>
1684 Replace the first word on the first C<load> line in the novaboot
1685 script with F<file>.
1687 =item --scriptmod=I<Perl expression>
1689 When novaboot reads the script, I<Perl expression> is executed for every
1690 line (in $_ variable). For example, C<novaboot
1691 --scriptmod=s/sigma0/omega6/g> replaces every occurrence of I<sigma0>
1692 in the script with I<omega6>.
1694 When this option is present, it overrides I<$script_modifier> variable
1695 from the configuration file, which has the same effect. If this option
1696 is given multiple times all expressions are evaluated in the command
1701 =head2 File generation phase
1703 In this phase, files needed for booting are generated in a so-called
1704 I<build directory> (see L</--build-dir>). In most cases configuration
1705 for a bootloader is generated automatically by novaboot. It is also
1706 possible to generate other files using I<heredoc> or I<"<"> syntax in
1707 novaboot scripts. Finally, novaboot can generate binaries in this phases by
1708 running C<scons> or C<make>.
1712 =item --build-dir=I<directory>
1714 Overrides the default build directory location.
1716 The default build directory location is determined as follows: If the
1717 configuration file defines the C<$builddir> variable, its value is
1718 used. Otherwise, it is the directory that contains the first processed
1721 See also L</BUILDDIR> variable.
1723 =item -g, --grub[=I<filename>]
1725 Generates grub bootloader menu file. If the I<filename> is not
1726 specified, F<menu.lst> is used. The I<filename> is relative to the
1727 build directory (see B<--build-dir>).
1729 =item --grub-preamble=I<prefix>
1731 Specifies the I<preamble> that is at the beginning of the generated
1732 GRUB or GRUB2 config files. This is useful for specifying GRUB's
1735 =item --prefix=I<prefix>
1737 Specifies I<prefix> (e.g. F</srv/tftp>) that is put in front of every
1738 filename in generated bootloader configuration files (or in U-Boot
1741 If the I<prefix> contains string $NAME, it will be replaced with the
1742 name of the novaboot script (see also B<--name>).
1744 If the I<prefix> contains string $BUILDDIR, it will be replaced with
1745 the build directory (see also B<--build-dir>).
1749 Alias for B<--prefix>.
1751 =item --grub2[=I<filename>]
1753 Generate GRUB2 menu entry in I<filename>. If I<filename> is not
1754 specified F<./boot/grub/grub.cfg> is used. The content of the menu entry can be
1755 customized with B<--grub-preamble>, B<--grub2-prolog> or
1756 B<--grub_prefix> options.
1758 GRUB2 can boot multiboot-compliant kernels and a few kernels with specific
1759 support. L</BOOT_METHOD> could be used to specify the command used by GRUB2 to
1760 load the kernel. See L<GNU GRUB Manual|https://www.gnu.org/software/grub/manual/grub/grub.html#Booting>.
1762 To use the generated menu entry on your development
1763 machine that uses GRUB2, append the following snippet to
1764 F</etc/grub.d/40_custom> file and regenerate your grub configuration,
1765 i.e. run update-grub on Debian/Ubuntu.
1767 if [ -f /path/to/nul/build/grub.cfg ]; then
1768 source /path/to/nul/build/grub.cfg
1771 =item --grub2-prolog=I<prolog>
1773 Specifies the text that novaboot puts at the beginning of the GRUB2 menu entry.
1775 =item -m, --make[=make command]
1777 Runs C<make> to build files that are not generated by novaboot itself.
1779 =item --name=I<string>
1781 Use the name I<string> instead of the name of the novaboot script.
1782 This name is used for things like a title of grub menu or for the
1783 server directory where the boot files are copied to.
1787 Do not run external commands to generate files (i.e. "<" syntax and
1788 C<run> keyword). This switch does not influence the generation of files
1789 specified with "<<WORD" syntax.
1791 =item -p, --pulsar[=mac]
1793 Generates pulsar bootloader configuration file named F<config-I<mac>>
1794 The I<mac> string is typically a MAC address and defaults to
1797 =item --scons[=scons command]
1799 Runs C<scons> to build files that are not generated by novaboot
1804 Strip I<rom://> prefix from command lines and generated config files.
1805 The I<rom://> prefix is used by NUL. For NRE, it has to be stripped.
1809 Exit novaboot after file generation phase.
1813 =head2 Target connection check
1815 In this phase novaboot connects to target's serial port (if it has
1816 one). If another novaboot user/instance occupies the target, novaboot
1817 exits here with an error message.
1821 =item --amt=I<"[user[:password]@]host[:port]>
1823 Use Intel AMT technology to control the target machine. WS management
1824 is used to powercycle it and Serial-Over-Lan (SOL) for input/output.
1825 The hostname or (IP address) is given by the I<host> parameter. If the
1826 I<password> is not specified, environment variable AMT_PASSWORD is
1827 used. The I<port> specifies a TCP port for SOL. If not specified, the
1828 default is 16992. The default I<user> is admin.
1830 =item --iprelay=I<addr[:port]>
1832 Use TCP/IP relay and serial port to access the target's serial port
1833 and powercycle it. The I<addr> parameter specifies the IP address of
1834 the relay. If I<port> is not specified, it defaults to 23.
1836 Note: This option is supposed to work with HWG-ER02a IP relays.
1838 =item --iprelay-cmd=I<command>
1840 Similar to B<--iprelay> but uses I<command> to talk to the iprelay
1841 rather than direct network connection.
1843 =item -s, --serial[=device]
1845 Target's serial line is connected to host's serial line (device). The
1846 default value for device is F</dev/ttyUSB0>.
1848 The value of this option is exported in NB_NOVABOOT environment
1849 variable to all subprocesses run by C<novaboot>.
1851 =item --stty=I<settings>
1853 Specifies settings passed to C<stty> invoked on the serial line
1854 specified with B<--serial> option. If this option is not given,
1855 C<stty> is called with C<raw -crtscts -onlcr 115200> settings.
1857 =item --remote-cmd=I<cmd>
1859 Command that mediates connection to the target's serial line. For
1860 example C<ssh server 'cu -l /dev/ttyS0'>.
1862 =item --remote-expect=I<string>
1864 Wait for reception of I<string> after establishing the remote serial
1865 line connection. Novaboot assumes that after establishing the serial
1866 line connection, the user running novaboot has exclusive access to the
1867 target. If establishing of the serial line connection happens
1868 asynchronously (e.g. running a command remotely via SSH), we need this
1869 option to wait until the exclusive access is confirmed by the remote
1872 Depending on target configuration, this option can solve two practical
1873 problems: 1) Overwriting of files deployed by another user currently
1874 using the target. 2) Resetting the target board before serial line
1875 connection is established and thus missing bootloader interaction.
1877 Example of usage with the L<sterm
1878 tool|https://rtime.felk.cvut.cz/gitweb/sojka/sterm.git>:
1880 --remote-cmd='ssh -tt example.com sterm -v /dev/ttyUSB0' --remote-expect='sterm: Connected'
1882 =item --remote-expect-silent=I<string>
1884 The same as B<--remote-expect> except that the remote output is not
1885 echoed to stdout while waiting for the I<string>. Everything after the
1886 matched string is printed to stdout, so you may want to include line
1887 end characters in the I<string> as well.
1889 =item --remote-expect-timeout=I<seconds>
1891 Timeout in seconds for B<--remote-expect> or
1892 B<--remote-expect-seconds>. When negative, waits forever. The default
1897 =head2 File deployment phase
1899 In some setups, it is necessary to copy the files needed for booting
1900 to a particular location, e.g. to a TFTP boot server or to the
1905 =item -d, --dhcp-tftp
1907 Turns your workstation into a DHCP and TFTP server so that the OS can
1908 be booted via PXE BIOS (or similar mechanism) on the test machine
1909 directly connected by a plain Ethernet cable to your workstation.
1911 The DHCP and TFTP servers require root privileges and C<novaboot>
1912 uses C<sudo> command to obtain those. You can put the following to
1913 I</etc/sudoers> to allow running the necessary commands without asking
1916 Cmnd_Alias NOVABOOT = /bin/ip a add 10.23.23.1/24 dev eth0, /bin/ip l set dev eth0 up, /usr/sbin/dhcpd -d -cf dhcpd.conf -lf dhcpd.leases -pf dhcpd.pid, /usr/sbin/in.tftpd --listen --secure -v -v -v --pidfile tftpd.pid *, /usr/bin/touch dhcpd.leases, /usr/bin/pkill --pidfile=dhcpd.pid, /usr/bin/pkill --pidfile=tftpd.pid
1917 your_login ALL=NOPASSWD: NOVABOOT
1921 Starts a TFTP server on your workstation. This is similar to
1922 B<--dhcp-tftp> except that DHCP server is not started.
1924 The TFTP server requires root privileges and C<novaboot> uses C<sudo>
1925 command to obtain those. You can put the following to I</etc/sudoers>
1926 to allow running the necessary commands without asking for a password.
1928 Cmnd_Alias NOVABOOT = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd --listen --secure -v -v -v --pidfile tftpd.pid *, /usr/bin/pkill --pidfile=tftpd.pid
1929 your_login ALL=NOPASSWD: NOVABOOT
1931 =item --tftp-port=I<port>
1933 Port to run the TFTP server on. Implies B<--tftp>.
1935 =item --netif=I<network interface>
1937 Network interface used to deploy files to the target. This option
1938 influences the configuration of the DHCP server started by
1939 B<--dhcp-tftp> and the value that B<$NB_MYIP> get replaced with during
1940 U-Boot conversation. The default value is C<$netif> variable from
1941 configuration files, which defaults to I<eth0>.
1943 =item --iso[=filename]
1945 Generates the ISO image that boots NOVA system via GRUB. If no filename
1946 is given, the image is stored under I<NAME>.iso, where I<NAME> is the name
1947 of the novaboot script (see also B<--name>).
1949 =item --server[=[[user@]server:]path]
1951 Alias of B<--copy> (kept for backward compatibility).
1953 =item --copy[=[[user@]server:]path]
1955 Copy all files needed for booting to another location. The files will
1956 be copied (by B<rsync> tool) to the directory I<path>. If the I<path>
1957 contains string $NAME, it will be replaced with the name of the
1958 novaboot script (see also B<--name>).
1960 =item --rsync-flags=I<flags>
1962 Specifies I<flags> to append to F<rsync> command line when
1963 copying files as a result of I<--copy> option.
1967 If B<--copy> is used and its value ends with $NAME, then after
1968 copying the files, a new bootloader configuration file (e.g. menu.lst)
1969 is created at I<path-wo-name>, i.e. the path specified by B<--copy>
1970 with $NAME part removed. The content of the file is created by
1971 concatenating all files of the same name from all subdirectories of
1972 I<path-wo-name> found on the "server".
1976 Use Intel AMT technology for IDE redirection. This allows the target
1977 machine to boot from novaboot created ISO image. Implies B<--iso>.
1979 The experimental C<amtider> utility needed by this option can be
1980 obtained from https://github.com/wentasah/amtterm.
1984 =head2 Target power-on and reset phase
1986 At this point, the target is reset (or switched on/off). There are
1987 several ways how this can be accomplished. Resetting a physical target
1988 can currently be accomplished by the following options: B<--amt>,
1989 B<--iprelay>, B<--reset-cmd> and B<--reset-send>.
1995 Switch on/off the target machine and exit. The script (if any) is
1996 completely ignored. Currently, it works only with the following
1997 options: B<--iprelay>, B<--amt>, B<--ssh>.
1999 =item -Q, --qemu[=I<qemu-binary>]
2001 Boot the configuration in qemu. Optionally, the name of qemu binary
2002 can be specified as a parameter.
2004 =item --qemu-append=I<flags>
2006 Append I<flags> to the default qemu flags (QEMU_FLAGS variable or
2007 C<-cpu coreduo -smp 2>).
2009 =item -q, --qemu-flags=I<flags>
2011 Replace the default qemu flags (QEMU_FLAGS variable or C<-cpu coreduo
2012 -smp 2>) with I<flags> specified here.
2014 =item --reset-cmd=I<cmd>
2016 Runs command I<cmd> to reset the target.
2018 =item --reset-send=I<string>
2020 Reset the target by sending the given I<string> to the remote serial
2021 line. "\n" sequences are replaced with the newline character.
2023 =item --no-reset, --reset
2025 Disable/enable resetting of the target.
2029 =head2 Interaction with the bootloader on the target
2033 =item --uboot[=I<prompt>]
2035 Interact with U-Boot bootloader to boot the thing described in the
2036 novaboot script. I<prompt> specifies the U-Boot's prompt (default is
2037 "=> ", other common prompts are "U-Boot> " or "U-Boot# ").
2041 Disable U-Boot interaction previously enabled with B<--uboot>.
2043 =item --uboot-stop-key=I<key>
2045 Character, which is sent as a response to U-Boot's "Hit any key to
2046 stop autoboot" message. The default value is newline, but some devices
2047 (e.g. TP-Link TD-W8970) require a specific key to be pressed.
2051 Command(s) to send the U-Boot bootloader before loading the images and
2052 booting them. This option can be given multiple times. After sending
2053 commands from each option novaboot waits for U-Boot I<prompt>.
2055 If the command contains string I<$NB_MYIP> then this string is
2056 replaced by IPv4 address of eth0 interface (see also B<--netif>).
2057 Similarly, I<$NB_PREFIX> is replaced with prefix given by B<--prefix>.
2059 See also C<uboot> keyword in L</"NOVABOOT SCRIPT SYNTAX">).
2061 =item --uboot-addr I<name>=I<address>
2063 Load address of U-Boot's C<tftpboot> command for loading I<name>,
2064 where name is one of I<kernel>, I<ramdisk> or I<fdt> (flattened device
2067 The default addresses are ${I<name>_addr_r}, i.e. U-Boot environment
2068 variables used by convention for this purpose.
2070 =item --uboot-cmd=I<command>
2072 Specifies U-Boot command used to execute the OS. If the command
2073 contains strings C<$kernel_addr>, C<$ramdisk_addr>, C<$fdt_addr>,
2074 these are replaced with the addresses configured with B<--uboot-addr>.
2076 The default value is
2078 bootm $kernel_addr $ramdisk_addr $fdt_addr
2080 or the C<UBOOT_CMD> variable if defined in the novaboot script.
2084 =head2 Target interaction phase
2086 In this phase, target's serial output is redirected to stdout and if
2087 stdin is a TTY, it is redirected to the target's serial input allowing
2088 interactive work with the target.
2092 =item --exiton=I<string>
2094 When the I<string> is sent by the target, novaboot exits. This option can
2095 be specified multiple times, in which case novaboot exits whenever
2096 either of the specified strings is sent.
2098 If the I<string> is C<-re>, then the next B<--exiton>'s I<string> is
2099 treated as a regular expression. For example:
2101 --exiton -re --exiton 'error:.*failed'
2103 =item --exiton-re=I<regex>
2105 The same as --exiton -re --exiton I<regex>.
2107 =item --exiton-timeout=I<seconds>
2109 By default B<--exiton> waits for the string match forever. When this
2110 option is specified, "exiton" timeouts after the specified number of
2111 seconds and novaboot returns non-zero exit code.
2113 =item -i, --interactive
2115 Setup things for the interactive use of the target. Your terminal will
2116 be switched to raw mode. In raw mode, your local terminal does not
2117 process input in any way (no echoing of entered characters, no
2118 interpretation of special characters). This, among others, means that
2119 Ctrl-C is passed to the target and does not interrupt novaboot. To
2120 exit from novaboot interactive mode type "~~.".
2122 =item --no-interaction, --interaction
2124 Skip resp. force target interaction phase. When skipped, novaboot exits
2125 immediately after the boot is initiated.
2127 =item --expect=I<string>
2129 When the I<string> is received from the target, send the string specified
2130 with the subsequent B<--send*> option to the target.
2132 =item --expect-re=I<regex>
2134 When target's output matches regular expression I<regex>, send the
2135 string specified with the subsequent B<--send*> option to the target.
2137 =item --expect-raw=I<perl-code>
2139 Provides direct control over Perl's Expect module.
2141 =item --send=I<string>
2143 Send I<string> to the target after the previously specified
2144 B<--expect*> was matched in the target's output. The I<string> may
2145 contain escape sequences such as "\n".
2147 Note that I<string> is actually interpreted by Perl, so it can contain
2148 much more that escape sequences. This behavior may change in the
2151 Example: C<--expect='login: ' --send='root\n'>
2153 =item --sendcont=I<string>
2155 Similar to B<--send> but continue expecting more input.
2157 Example: C<--expect='Continue?' --sendcont='yes\n'>
2159 =item --final-eol, --no-final-eol
2161 By default, B<novaboot> always prints an end-of-line character at the
2162 end of its execution in order to ensure that the output of programs
2163 started after novaboot appears at the beginning of the line. When this
2164 is not desired B<--no-final-eol> option can be used to override this
2169 =head1 NOVABOOT SCRIPT SYNTAX
2171 The syntax tries to mimic POSIX shell syntax. The syntax is defined
2172 by the following rules.
2174 Lines starting with "#" and empty lines are ignored.
2176 Lines that end with "\" are concatenated with the following line after
2177 removal of the final "\" and leading whitespace of the following line.
2179 Lines of the form I<VARIABLE=...> (i.e. matching '^[A-Z_]+=' regular
2180 expression) assign values to internal variables. See L</VARIABLES>
2183 Otherwise, the first word on the line defines the meaning of the line.
2184 The following keywords are supported:
2190 These lines represent modules to boot. The
2191 word after C<load> is a file name (relative to the build directory
2192 (see B<--build-dir>) of the module to load and the remaining words are
2193 passed to it as the command line parameters.
2195 When booting Linux, the first C<load> line usually refers to the
2196 kernel image and its command line parameters (unless you use some
2197 special pre-loader). Other C<load> lines may refer to an initramfs
2198 image and/or a device tree blob. Their order is not important, as the
2199 device tree is recognized as the file name ending with C<.dtb>.
2201 When the C<load> line ends with "<<WORD" then the subsequent lines
2202 until the line containing solely WORD are copied literally to the file
2203 named on that line. This is similar to the heredoc feature of UNIX
2206 When the C<load> line ends with "< CMD" then command CMD is executed
2207 with F</bin/sh> and its standard output is stored in the file named on
2208 that line. The SRCDIR variable in CMD's environment is set to the
2209 absolute path of the directory containing the interpreted novaboot
2214 These lines are similar to C<load> lines. The
2215 file mentioned there is copied to the same place as in the case of C<load>
2216 (e.g. tftp server), but the file is not used in the bootloader
2217 configuration. Such a file can be used by the target for other
2218 purposes than booting, e.g. at OS runtime or for firmware update.
2222 Chainload another bootloader. Instead of loading multiboot modules
2223 identified with C<load> keyword, run another bootloader. This is
2224 currently supported only by pulsar and can be used to load e.g. Grub
2225 as in the example below:
2227 chld boot/grub/i386-pc/core.0
2232 Lines starting with C<run> keyword contain shell commands that are run
2233 during file generation phase. This is the same as the "< CMD" syntax
2234 for C<load> keyboard except that the command's output is not
2235 redirected to a file. The ordering of commands is the same as they
2236 appear in the novaboot script.
2240 These lines represent U-Boot commands that are sent to the target if
2241 B<--uboot> option is given. Having a U-Boot line in the novaboot
2242 script is the same as giving B<--uboot-init> option to novaboot. The
2243 following syntax variants are supported:
2246 uboot[:<timeout>] <string> [> <file>]
2247 uboot[:<timeout>] < <shell> [> <file>]
2249 C<string> is the literal U-Boot command.
2251 The C<uboot> keyword can be suffixed with timeout specification. The
2252 syntax is C<uboot:Ns>, where C<N> is the whole number of seconds. If
2253 the U-Boot command prompt does not appear before the timeout, novaboot
2254 fails. The default timeout is 10 seconds.
2256 In the second variant with the C<<> character the shell code is
2257 executed and its standard output is sent to U-Boot. Example:
2259 uboot < printf "mmc write \$loadaddr 1 %x" $(($(/usr/bin/stat -c%s rootfs.ext4) / 512))
2261 When C<E<gt> file> part is present, the output of the U-Boot command
2262 is written into the given file.
2268 #!/usr/bin/env novaboot
2269 load bzImage console=ttyS0,115200
2270 run make -C buildroot
2271 load rootfs.cpio < gen_cpio buildroot/images/rootfs.cpio "myapp->/etc/init.d/S99myapp"
2273 Example (NOVA User Land - NUL):
2275 #!/usr/bin/env novaboot
2276 WVDESC=Example program
2277 load bin/apps/sigma0.nul S0_DEFAULT script_start:1,1 \
2278 verbose hostkeyb:0,0x60,1,12,2
2279 load bin/apps/hello.nul
2280 load hello.nulconfig <<EOF
2281 sigma0::mem:16 name::/s0/log name::/s0/timer name::/s0/fs/rom ||
2282 rom://bin/apps/hello.nul
2285 This example will load three modules: F<sigma0.nul>, F<hello.nul> and
2286 F<hello.nulconfig>. sigma0 receives some command line parameters and
2287 F<hello.nulconfig> file is generated on the fly from the lines between
2288 C<<<EOF> and C<EOF>.
2290 Example (Zynq system update via U-Boot):
2292 #!/usr/bin/env novaboot
2296 # Write kernel to FAT filesystem on the 1st SD card partition
2297 run mkimage -f uboot-image.its image.ub
2299 uboot:60s tftpboot ${loadaddr} $NB_PREFIX/image.ub
2300 uboot fatwrite mmc 0:1 ${loadaddr} image.ub $filesize
2301 uboot set bootargs console=ttyPS0,115200 root=/dev/mmcblk0p2
2303 # Write root FS image to the 2nd SD card partition
2304 copy rootfs/images/rootfs.ext4
2305 uboot:60s tftpboot ${loadaddr} $NB_PREFIX/rootfs/images/rootfs.ext4
2306 uboot mmc part > mmc-part.txt
2307 uboot < printf "mmc write \$loadaddr %x %x" $(awk '{ if ($1 == "2") { print $2 }}' mmc-part.txt) $(($(/usr/bin/stat -L --printf=%s rootfs/images/rootfs.ext4) / 512))
2314 The following variables are interpreted in the novaboot script:
2320 Specifies the way GRUB2 boots the kernel. For kernels with multiboot
2321 support use C<multiboot> method (the default). For Linux kernel use C<linux> method.
2325 Novaboot chdir()s to this directory before file generation phase. The
2326 directory name specified here is relative to the build directory
2327 specified by other means (see L</--build-dir>).
2331 Assigning this variable has the same effect as specifying L</--exiton>
2336 Setting this variable to zero is the same as giving
2337 L</--no-interaction>, specifying to one corresponds to
2340 =item HYPERVISOR_PARAMS
2342 Parameters passed to the hypervisor. The default value is "serial", unless
2343 overridden in the configuration file.
2347 The kernel to use instead of the hypervisor specified in the
2348 configuration file with the C<$hypervisor> variable. The value should
2349 contain the name of the kernel image as well as its command line
2350 parameters. If this variable is defined and non-empty, the variable
2351 HYPERVISOR_PARAMS is not used.
2355 If this variable is 1, the system is not booted. This is currently
2356 only implemented for U-Boot bootloader where it is useful for
2357 interacting with the bootloader without booting the system - e.g. for
2362 Use a specific qemu binary (can be overridden with B<-Q>) and flags
2363 when booting this script under qemu. If QEMU_FLAGS variable is also
2364 specified flags specified in QEMU variable are replaced by those in
2369 Use specific qemu flags (can be overridden with B<-q>).
2373 See L</--uboot-cmd>.
2377 Description of the WvTest-compliant program.
2379 =item WVTEST_TIMEOUT
2381 The timeout in seconds for WvTest harness. If no complete line appears
2382 in the test output within the time specified here, the test fails. It
2383 is necessary to specify this for long running tests that produce no
2384 intermediate output.
2388 =head1 CONFIGURATION FILES
2390 Novaboot can read its configuration from one or more files. By
2391 default, novaboot looks for files in F</etc/novaboot.d>, file
2392 F<~/.config/novaboot> and files named F<.novaboot> as described in
2393 L</Configuration reading phase>. Alternatively, configuration file
2394 location can be specified with the B<-c> switch or with the
2395 NOVABOOT_CONFIG environment variable. The configuration file has Perl
2396 syntax (i.e. it is better to put C<1;> as the last line) and should set
2397 values of certain Perl variables. The current configuration can be
2398 dumped with the B<--dump-config> switch. Some configuration variables
2399 can be overridden by environment variables (see below) or by command
2402 Supported configuration variables include:
2408 Build directory location relative to the location of the configuration
2411 =item $default_target
2413 Default target (see below) to use when no target is explicitly
2414 specified with the B<--target> command line option or
2415 B<NOVABOOT_TARGET> environment variable.
2419 Default value for the B<--netif> option. If not specified, it defaults
2424 Hash of target definitions to be used with the B<--target> option. The
2425 key is the identifier of the target, the value is the string with
2426 command line options. For instance, if the configuration file contains:
2428 $targets{'mybox'} = '--copy=boot:/tftproot --serial=/dev/ttyUSB0 --grub',
2430 then the following two commands are equivalent:
2432 ./myos --copy=boot:/tftproot --serial=/dev/ttyUSB0 --grub
2437 =head1 ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
2439 Some options can be specified not only via config file or command line
2440 but also through environment variables. Environment variables override
2441 the values from the configuration file and command line parameters
2442 override the environment variables.
2446 =item NOVABOOT_CONFIG
2448 Name of the novaboot configuration file to use instead of the default
2451 =item NOVABOOT_CONFIG_DIR
2453 Name of the novaboot configuration directory. When not specified
2454 F</etc/novaboot.d> is used.
2456 =item NOVABOOT_TARGET
2458 Name of the novaboot target to use. This overrides the value of
2459 B<$default_target> from the configuration file and can be overridden
2460 with the B<--target> command line option.
2462 =item NOVABOOT_BENDER
2464 Defining this variable has the same effect as using B<--bender>
2471 Michal Sojka <sojka@os.inf.tu-dresden.de>
2473 Latest novaboot version can be found at
2474 L<https://github.com/wentasah/novaboot>.
2478 # LocalWords: novaboot Novaboot NOVABOOT TFTP PXE DHCP filename stty
2479 # LocalWords: chainloader stdout Qemu qemu preprocessing ISOLINUX bootable
2480 # LocalWords: config subprocesses sudo sudoers tftp dhcp IDE stdin
2481 # LocalWords: subdirectories TTY whitespace heredoc POSIX WvTest