3 # This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
4 # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
5 # the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or
6 # (at your option) any later version.
8 # This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
9 # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
10 # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
11 # GNU General Public License for more details.
13 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
14 # along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
20 use warnings (exists $ENV{NOVABOOT_TEST} ? (FATAL => 'all') : ());
21 use Getopt::Long qw(GetOptionsFromString GetOptionsFromArray);
26 use Time::HiRes("usleep");
30 use POSIX qw(:errno_h sysconf);
31 use Cwd qw(getcwd abs_path);
37 my $invocation_dir = $ENV{PWD} || getcwd();
39 # We prefer using PWD, to use nicer paths names with symbolic links.
40 # However, when executed from 'make -C dir', PWD may contain the make
41 # invocation path, not the real invocation path with dir at the end.
43 if (abs_path($ENV{PWD}) ne abs_path(getcwd())) {
44 $invocation_dir = getcwd();
47 ## Configuration file handling
49 # Default configuration
50 $CFG::hypervisor = "";
51 $CFG::hypervisor_params = "serial";
52 $CFG::genisoimage = "genisoimage";
53 $CFG::qemu = 'qemu-system-i386 -cpu coreduo -smp 2';
54 $CFG::default_target = '';
58 "tud" => '--copy=erwin.inf.tu-dresden.de:~sojka/boot/novaboot --rsync-flags="--chmod=Dg+s,ug+w,o-w,+rX --rsync-path=\"umask 002 && rsync\"" --grub --grub-prefix=(nd)/tftpboot/sojka/novaboot --grub-preamble="timeout 0" --concat --iprelay=141.76.48.80:2324 --scriptmod=s/\\\\bhostserial\\\\b/hostserialpci/g',
59 "novabox" => '--ssh=novabox@rtime.felk.cvut.cz',
60 "localhost" => '--scriptmod=s/console=tty[A-Z0-9,]+// --copy=/boot/novaboot/$NAME --grub2 --grub-prefix=/boot/novaboot/$NAME --grub2-prolog=" set root=\'(hd0,msdos1)\'"',
61 "ryu" => '--uboot --uboot-init="mw f0000b00 \${psc_cfg}; sleep 1" --uboot-addr kernel=800000 --uboot-addr ramdisk=b00000 --uboot-addr fdt=7f0000',
62 "ryuglab" => '--target ryu --ssh=ryu@pc-sojkam.felk.cvut.cz',
63 "ryulocal" => '--target ryu --dhcp-tftp --serial --reset-cmd="if which dtrrts; then dtrrts $NB_SERIAL 0 1; sleep 0.1; dtrrts $NB_SERIAL 1 1; fi"',
68 $const{linux}->{_SC_NPROCESSORS_CONF} = 83;
69 my $nproc = sysconf($const{$^O}->{_SC_NPROCESSORS_CONF});
71 $CFG::scons = "scons -j$nproc";
72 $CFG::make = "make -j$nproc";
80 package CFG; # Put config data into a separate namespace
86 die("ERROR: Failure compiling '$cfg' - $@");
87 } elsif (! defined($rc)) {
88 die("ERROR: Failure reading '$cfg' - $!");
90 die("ERROR: Failure processing '$cfg'");
93 $builddir = File::Spec->rel2abs($CFG::builddir, dirname($cfg)) if defined $CFG::builddir;
94 print STDERR "novaboot: Read $cfg\n";
99 # We don't use $0 here, because it points to the novaboot itself and
100 # not to the novaboot script. The problem with this approach is that
101 # when a script is run as "novaboot <options> <script>" then $ARGV[0]
102 # contains the first option. Hence the -f check.
103 my $dir = File::Spec->rel2abs($ARGV[0] && -f $ARGV[0] ? dirname($ARGV[0]) : '', $invocation_dir);
104 while ((-d $dir || -l $dir ) && $dir ne "/") {
105 push @cfgs, "$dir/.novaboot" if -r "$dir/.novaboot";
106 my @dirs = File::Spec->splitdir($dir);
107 $dir = File::Spec->catdir(@dirs[0..$#dirs-1]);
109 @cfgs = reverse @cfgs;
111 my $xdg_config_home = $ENV{'XDG_CONFIG_HOME'} || $ENV{'HOME'}.'/.config';
112 unshift(@cfgs, "$xdg_config_home/novaboot") if -r "$xdg_config_home/novaboot";
114 $dir = $ENV{'NOVABOOT_CONFIG_DIR'} || '/etc/novaboot.d';
115 if (opendir(my $dh, $dir)) {
116 my @etccfg = map { "$dir/$_" } grep { /^[-_a-zA-Z0-9]+$/ && -f "$dir/$_" } readdir($dh);
118 @etccfg = sort(@etccfg);
119 @cfgs = ( @etccfg, @cfgs );
122 my $cfg = $ENV{'NOVABOOT_CONFIG'};
123 Getopt::Long::Configure(qw/no_ignore_case pass_through/);
124 GetOptions ("config|c=s" => \$cfg);
125 read_config($_) foreach $cfg or @cfgs;
127 ## Command line handling
129 my $explicit_target = $ENV{'NOVABOOT_TARGET'};
130 GetOptions ("target|t=s" => \$explicit_target);
132 # Variables for command line options
133 my ($amt, @append, $bender, @chainloaders, $concat, $config_name_opt, $dhcp_tftp, $dump_opt, $dump_config, @exiton, $exiton_timeout, @expect_raw, $final_eol, $gen_only, $grub_config, $grub_prefix, $grub_preamble, $grub2_prolog, $grub2_config, $help, $ider, $interaction, $iprelay, $iprelay_cmd, $iso_image, $interactive, $kernel_opt, $make, $man, $netif, $no_file_gen, $off_opt, $on_opt, $pulsar, $pulsar_root, $qemu, $qemu_append, $qemu_flags_cmd, @remote_cmd, $remote_expect, $remote_expect_silent, $remote_expect_timeout, $reset, @reset_cmd, $reset_send, $rom_prefix, $rsync_flags, @scriptmod, $scons, $serial, $server, $stty, $tftp, $tftp_port, $uboot, %uboot_addr, $uboot_cmd, @uboot_init, $uboot_stop_key);
135 my ($target_reset, $target_power_on, $target_power_off);
137 # Default values of certain command line options
139 'kernel' => '${kernel_addr_r}',
140 'ramdisk' => '${ramdisk_addr_r}',
141 'fdt' => '${fdt_addr_r}',
144 $rom_prefix = 'rom://';
145 $stty = 'raw -crtscts -onlcr -echo 115200';
146 $reset = 1; # Reset target by default
147 $interaction = 1; # Perform target interaction by default
149 $netif = $CFG::netif;
150 $remote_expect_timeout = -1;
152 my @expect_seen = ();
156 push(@expect_seen, '-re') if $n eq "expect-re";
157 push(@expect_seen, $v);
163 unless (@expect_seen) { die("No --expect before --send"); }
164 my $ret = ($n eq "sendcont") ? exp_continue : 0;
165 unshift(@expect_raw, sub { shift->send(eval("\"$v\"")); $ret; });
166 unshift(@expect_raw, @expect_seen);
170 # Options which can be safely specified on the server (via --ssh),
171 # i.e. which cannot cause unwanted local code execution etc.
172 my %opt_spec_safe = (
173 "grub|g:s" => \$grub_config,
174 "grub-preamble=s"=> \$grub_preamble,
175 "grub2-prolog=s" => \$grub2_prolog,
176 "grub2:s" => \$grub2_config,
177 "prefix|grub-prefix=s" => \$grub_prefix,
178 "pulsar-root=s" => \$pulsar_root,
179 "pulsar|p:s" => \$pulsar,
180 "remote-expect=s"=> \$remote_expect,
181 "remote-expect-silent=s"=> sub { $remote_expect=$_[1]; $remote_expect_silent=1; },
182 "remote-expect-timeout=i"=> \$remote_expect_timeout,
183 "uboot-addr=s" => \%uboot_addr,
184 "uboot-cmd=s" => \$uboot_cmd,
185 "uboot-stop-key=s" => \$uboot_stop_key,
186 "uboot-init=s" => sub { push @uboot_init, { command => $_[1] }; },
187 "uboot:s" => \$uboot,
193 "append|a=s" => \@append,
194 "bender|b" => \$bender,
195 "build-dir=s" => sub { my ($n, $v) = @_; $builddir = File::Spec->rel2abs($v); },
196 "concat" => \$concat,
197 "chainloader=s" => \@chainloaders,
198 "dhcp-tftp|d" => \$dhcp_tftp,
199 "dump" => \$dump_opt,
200 "dump-config" => \$dump_config,
201 "exiton=s" => \@exiton,
202 "exiton-timeout=i"=> \$exiton_timeout,
203 "exiton-re=s" => sub { my ($n, $v) = @_; push(@exiton, '-re', $v); },
204 "expect=s" => \&handle_expect,
205 "expect-re=s" => \&handle_expect,
206 "expect-raw=s" => sub { my ($n, $v) = @_; unshift(@expect_raw, eval($v)); },
207 "final-eol!" => \$final_eol,
208 "gen-only" => \$gen_only,
210 "interaction!" => \$interaction,
211 "iprelay=s" => \$iprelay,
212 "iprelay-cmd=s" => \$iprelay_cmd,
213 "iso:s" => \$iso_image,
214 "kernel|k=s" => \$kernel_opt,
215 "interactive|i" => \$interactive,
216 "name=s" => \$config_name_opt,
217 "make|m:s" => \$make,
218 "netif=s" => \$netif,
219 "no-file-gen" => \$no_file_gen,
222 "qemu|Q:s" => \$qemu,
223 "qemu-append=s" => \$qemu_append,
224 "qemu-flags|q=s" => \$qemu_flags_cmd,
225 "remote-cmd=s" => sub { @remote_cmd = ($_[1]); },
227 "reset-cmd=s" => sub { @reset_cmd = ($_[1]); },
228 "reset-send=s" => \$reset_send,
229 "rsync-flags=s" => \$rsync_flags,
230 "scons:s" => \$scons,
231 "scriptmod=s" => \@scriptmod,
232 "send=s" => \&handle_send,
233 "sendcont=s" => \&handle_send,
234 "serial|s:s" => \$serial,
235 "server:s" => \$server,
236 "copy:s" => \$server,
237 "ssh:s" => \&handle_novaboot_server,
238 "strip-rom" => sub { $rom_prefix = ''; },
241 "tftp-port=i" => \$tftp_port,
242 "no-uboot" => sub { undef $uboot; },
247 sub handle_novaboot_server
250 my $xdg_runtime_dir = $ENV{XDG_RUNTIME_DIR} || '/var/run';
251 my $ssh_ctl_path = "${xdg_runtime_dir}/novaboot$$";
253 @remote_cmd = ('ssh', '-tt', '-M', '-S', $ssh_ctl_path, $val, 'console');
254 $remote_expect = "novaboot-shell: Connected";
256 $rsync_flags = "--rsh='ssh -S \'${ssh_ctl_path}\''";
257 ($grub_prefix = $val) =~ s|(.*)@.*|\/$1\/| if index($val, '@') != -1;
258 @reset_cmd = ('ssh', '-tt', '-S', $ssh_ctl_path, $val, 'reset');
260 $target_power_off = sub { system_verbose('ssh', '-tt', '-S', $ssh_ctl_path, $val, 'off'); };
261 $target_power_on = sub { system_verbose('ssh', '-tt', '-S', $ssh_ctl_path, $val, 'on'); };
263 my $cmd = "ssh '${val}' get-config";
264 print STDERR "novaboot: Running: $cmd\n";
265 my @target_config = qx($cmd < /dev/null);
266 if ($?) { die("Cannot get target configuration from the server"); }
267 printf "novaboot: Received configuration from the server:%s\n", (!@target_config) ? " empty" : "";
268 foreach (@target_config) { chomp; print " $_\n"; }
270 my $p = Getopt::Long::Parser->new;
271 $p->configure(qw/no_ignore_case no_pass_through/);
272 $p->getoptionsfromarray(\@target_config, %opt_spec_safe) or die("Error processing configuration from the server");
274 if (scalar @target_config) { die "Unsuported configuration received from the server: ".join(", ", @target_config); }
277 # First process target options
279 my $t = defined($explicit_target) ? $explicit_target : $CFG::default_target;
281 Getopt::Long::Configure(qw/no_ignore_case pass_through/);
283 exists $CFG::targets{$t} or die("Unknown target '$t' (valid targets are: ".join(", ", sort keys(%CFG::targets)).")");
285 undef $explicit_target;
286 my ($ret, $remaining_args) = GetOptionsFromString ($CFG::targets{$t}, ("target|t=s" => \$explicit_target));
287 if (!$ret) { die "Error parsing target $t option"; }
288 push(@target_expanded, @$remaining_args);
289 $t = $explicit_target;
292 my @args = (@target_expanded, @ARGV);
293 print STDERR "novaboot: Effective options: @args\n";
295 Getopt::Long::Configure(qw/no_ignore_case no_pass_through/);
296 GetOptionsFromArray(\@target_expanded, %opt_spec) or die ("Error in target definition");
299 # Then process other command line options - some of them may override
300 # what was specified by the target
301 GetOptions %opt_spec or die("Error in command line arguments");
302 pod2usage(1) if $help;
303 pod2usage(-exitstatus => 0, -verbose => 2) if $man;
305 ### Dump sanitized configuration (if requested)
309 $Data::Dumper::Indent=1;
310 print "# This file is in perl syntax.\n";
311 foreach my $key(sort(keys(%CFG::))) { # See "Symbol Tables" in perlmod(1)
312 if (defined ${$CFG::{$key}}) { print Data::Dumper->Dump([${$CFG::{$key}}], ["*$key"]); }
313 if ( @{$CFG::{$key}}) { print Data::Dumper->Dump([\@{$CFG::{$key}}], ["*$key"]); }
314 if ( %{$CFG::{$key}}) { print Data::Dumper->Dump([\%{$CFG::{$key}}], ["*$key"]); }
320 ### Sanitize configuration
322 if ($interactive && !-t STDIN) {
323 die("novaboot: Interactive mode not supported when not on terminal");
326 if (defined $config_name_opt && scalar(@ARGV) > 1) { die "You cannot use --name with multiple scripts"; }
329 $iso_image //= ''; # IDE-R needs an ISO image
330 if (!defined $amt) { die "Error: --ider requires --amt"; }
334 my %input_opts = ('--iprelay' => \$iprelay,
335 '--iprelay-cmd'=> \$iprelay_cmd,
336 '--serial' => \$serial,
337 '--remote-cmd' => (@remote_cmd ? \$remote_cmd[0] : undef),
339 my @opts = grep(defined(${$input_opts{$_}}) , keys %input_opts);
341 die("novaboot: More than one target connection option: ".join(', ', @opts)) if scalar @opts > 1;
345 if (defined $serial) {
346 $serial ||= "/dev/ttyUSB0";
347 $ENV{NB_SERIAL} = $serial;
349 if (defined $grub_config) { $grub_config ||= "menu.lst"; }
350 if (defined $grub2_config) { $grub2_config ||= "grub.cfg"; }
352 ## Parse the novaboot script(s)
357 my ($modules, $variables, $generated, $copy, $chainload, $continuation) = ([], {}, [], []);
358 my $skip_reading = defined($on_opt) || defined($off_opt);
359 while (!$skip_reading && ($_ = <>)) {
360 if ($ARGV ne $last_fn) { # New script
361 die "Missing EOF in $last_fn" if $file;
362 die "Unfinished line in $last_fn" if $continuation;
364 push @scripts, { 'filename' => $ARGV,
365 'modules' => $modules = [],
366 'variables' => $variables = {},
367 'generated' => $generated = [],
368 'copy' => $copy = [],
369 'chainload' => $chainload = [],
374 next if /^#/ || /^\s*$/; # Skip comments and empty lines
376 $_ =~ s/^[[:space:]]*// if ($continuation);
378 if (/\\$/) { # Line continuation
379 $continuation .= substr($_, 0, length($_)-1);
383 if ($continuation) { # Last continuation line
384 $_ = $continuation . $_;
388 foreach my $mod(@scriptmod) { eval $mod; }
390 if ($file && $_ eq $EOF) { # Heredoc end
394 if ($file) { # Heredoc content
395 push @{$file}, "$_\n";
398 if (/^([A-Z_]+)=(.*)$/) { # Internal variable
399 $$variables{$1} = $2;
400 push(@exiton, $2) if ($1 eq "EXITON");
401 $interaction = $2 if ($1 eq "INTERACTION");
404 sub process_load_copy($) {
405 die("novaboot: '$last_fn' line $.: Missing file name\n") unless /^[^ <]+/;
406 if (/^([^ ]*)(.*?)[[:space:]]*<<([^ ]*)$/) { # Heredoc start
408 push @$generated, {filename => $1, content => $file};
412 if (/^([^ ]*)(.*?)[[:space:]]*< ?(.*)$/) { # Command substitution
413 push @$generated, {filename => $1, command => $3};
416 s/\s*$//; # Strip trailing whitespace
419 if (s/^load *//) { # Load line
420 push @$modules, process_load_copy($_);
423 if (s/^copy *//) { # Copy line
424 push @$copy, process_load_copy($_);
427 if (s/^chld *//) { # Chainload line
428 push @$chainload, process_load_copy($_);
431 if (/^run (.*)/) { # run line
432 push @$generated, {command => $1};
435 if (/^uboot(?::([0-9]+)s)? +(< *)?(.*)/) { # uboot line
436 # TODO: If U-Boot supports some interactive menu, it might
437 # make sense to store uboot lines per novaboot script.
438 my ($timeout, $redir, $string, $dest) = ($1, $2, $3);
439 if ($string =~ /(.*) *> *(.*)/) {
443 push @uboot_init, { command => $redir ? "" : $string,
444 system => $redir ? $string : "",
451 die("novaboot: Cannot parse script '$last_fn' line $.. Didn't you forget 'load' keyword?\n");
454 # print Dumper(\@scripts);
456 foreach my $script (@scripts) {
457 $modules = $$script{modules};
458 @$modules[0] =~ s/^[^ ]*/$kernel_opt/ if $kernel_opt;
459 @$modules[0] .= ' ' . join(' ', @append) if @append;
462 if (exists $variables->{KERNEL}) {
463 $kernel = $variables->{KERNEL};
465 if ($CFG::hypervisor) {
466 $kernel = $CFG::hypervisor . " ";
467 if (exists $variables->{HYPERVISOR_PARAMS}) {
468 $kernel .= $variables->{HYPERVISOR_PARAMS};
470 $kernel .= $CFG::hypervisor_params;
474 @$modules = ($kernel, @$modules) if $kernel;
475 @$modules = (@chainloaders, @$modules);
476 @$modules = ("bin/boot/bender", @$modules) if ($bender || defined $ENV{'NOVABOOT_BENDER'});
480 foreach my $script (@scripts) {
481 print join("\n", @{$$script{modules}})."\n";
488 sub generate_configs($$$) {
489 my ($base, $generated, $filename) = @_;
490 if ($base) { $base = "$base/"; };
491 foreach my $g(@$generated) {
492 if (exists $$g{content}) {
493 my $config = $$g{content};
494 my $fn = $$g{filename};
495 open(my $f, '>', $fn) || die("$fn: $!");
496 map { s|\brom://([^ ]*)|$rom_prefix$base$1|g; print $f "$_"; } @{$config};
498 print STDERR "novaboot: Created $fn\n";
499 } elsif (exists $$g{command} && ! $no_file_gen) {
500 $ENV{SRCDIR} = dirname(File::Spec->rel2abs( $filename, $invocation_dir ));
501 if (exists $$g{filename}) {
502 system_verbose("( $$g{command} ) > $$g{filename}");
504 system_verbose($$g{command});
510 sub generate_grub_config($$$$;$)
512 my ($filename, $title, $base, $modules_ref, $preamble) = @_;
513 if ($base) { $base = "$base/"; };
514 open(my $fg, '>', $filename) or die "$filename: $!";
515 print $fg "$preamble\n" if $preamble;
516 print $fg "title $title\n" if $title;
517 #print $fg "root $base\n"; # root doesn't really work for (nd)
519 foreach (@$modules_ref) {
522 my ($kbin, $kcmd) = split(' ', $_, 2);
523 $kcmd = '' if !defined $kcmd;
524 print $fg "kernel ${base}$kbin $kcmd\n";
526 s|\brom://([^ ]*)|$rom_prefix$base$1|g; # Translate rom:// files - needed for vdisk parameter of sigma0
527 print $fg "module $base$_\n";
531 print("novaboot: Created $builddir/$filename\n");
535 sub generate_syslinux_config($$$$)
537 my ($filename, $title, $base, $modules_ref) = @_;
538 if ($base && $base !~ /\/$/) { $base = "$base/"; };
539 open(my $fg, '>', $filename) or die "$filename: $!";
540 print $fg "LABEL $title\n";
541 #TODO print $fg "MENU LABEL $human_readable_title\n";
543 my ($kbin, $kcmd) = split(' ', @$modules_ref[0], 2);
545 if (system("file $kbin|grep 'Linux kernel'") == 0) {
546 my $initrd = @$modules_ref[1];
547 die('Too many "load" lines for Linux kernel') if (scalar @$modules_ref > 2);
548 print $fg "LINUX $base$kbin\n";
549 print $fg "APPEND $kcmd\n";
550 print $fg "INITRD $base$initrd\n";
552 print $fg "KERNEL mboot.c32\n";
554 foreach (@$modules_ref) {
555 s|\brom://([^ ]*)|$rom_prefix$base$1|g; # Translate rom:// files - needed for vdisk parameter of sigma0
556 push @append, "$base$_";
557 print $fg "APPEND ".join(' --- ', @append)."\n";
560 #TODO print $fg "TEXT HELP\n";
561 #TODO print $fg "some help here\n";
562 #TODO print $fg "ENDTEXT\n";
564 print("novaboot: Created $builddir/$filename\n");
568 sub generate_grub2_config($$$$;$$)
570 my ($filename, $title, $base, $modules_ref, $preamble, $prolog) = @_;
571 if ($base && substr($base,-1,1) ne '/') { $base = "$base/"; };
572 open(my $fg, '>', $filename) or die "$filename: $!";
573 print $fg "$preamble\n" if $preamble;
574 $title ||= 'novaboot';
575 print $fg "menuentry $title {\n";
576 print $fg "$prolog\n" if $prolog;
578 my $boot_method = $variables->{BOOT_METHOD} // "multiboot";
579 my $module_load_method = "module";
580 if ($boot_method eq "linux") {
581 $module_load_method = "initrd";
583 foreach (@$modules_ref) {
586 my ($kbin, $kcmd) = split(' ', $_, 2);
587 $kcmd = '' if !defined $kcmd;
588 print $fg " $boot_method ${base}$kbin $kcmd\n";
591 # GRUB2 doesn't pass filename in multiboot info so we have to duplicate it here
592 $_ = join(' ', ($args[0], @args));
593 s|\brom://|$rom_prefix|g; # We do not need to translate path for GRUB2
594 print $fg " $module_load_method $base$_\n";
599 print("novaboot: Created $builddir/$filename\n");
603 sub generate_pulsar_config($$$)
605 my ($filename, $modules_ref, $chainload_ref) = @_;
606 open(my $fg, '>', $filename) or die "$filename: $!";
607 print $fg "root $pulsar_root\n" if defined $pulsar_root;
608 if (scalar(@$chainload_ref) > 0) {
609 print $fg "chld $$chainload_ref[0]\n";
613 foreach (@$modules_ref) {
616 ($kbin, $kcmd) = split(' ', $_, 2);
617 $kcmd = '' if !defined $kcmd;
620 s|\brom://|$rom_prefix|g;
621 print $fg "load $_\n";
624 # Put kernel as last - this is needed for booting Linux and has no influence on non-Linux OSes
625 print $fg "exec $kbin $kcmd\n";
628 print("novaboot: Created $builddir/$filename\n");
632 sub shell_cmd_string(@)
634 if (scalar(@_) == 1) {
637 return join(' ', map((/^[-_=a-zA-Z0-9\/\.\+]+$/ ? "$_" : "'$_'"), @_));
643 print STDERR "novaboot: Running: ".shell_cmd_string(@_)."\n";
645 exit(1); # should not be reached
650 print STDERR "novaboot: Running: ".shell_cmd_string(@_)."\n";
651 my $ret = system(@_);
652 if ($ret & 0x007f) { die("Command terminated by a signal"); }
653 if ($ret & 0xff00) {die("Command exit with non-zero exit code"); }
654 if ($ret) { die("Command failure $ret"); }
659 $str =~ s/^\s+|\s+$//g;
665 if (exists $variables->{WVDESC}) {
666 print STDERR "Testing \"$variables->{WVDESC}\" in $last_fn:\n";
667 } elsif ($last_fn =~ /\.wv$/) {
668 print STDERR "Testing \"all\" in $last_fn:\n";
671 ## Connect to the target and check whether it is not occupied
673 # We have to do this before file generation phase, because file
674 # generation is intermixed with file deployment phase and we want to
675 # check whether the target is not used by somebody else before
676 # deploying files. Otherwise, we may rewrite other user's files on a
679 my $exp; # Expect object to communicate with the target over serial line
681 sub kill_exp_on_signal() {
682 # Sometimes, under unclear circumstances (e.g. when running under
683 # both Jenkins and Robotframework), novaboot does not terminate
684 # console command when killed. The console is then blocked by the
685 # stale process forever. Theoretically, this should not happen,
686 # because when novaboot is killed, console command's controlling
687 # terminal sends SIGHUP to the console command and the command
688 # should terminate. It seems that at least SSH sometimes ignores
689 # HUP and does not terminate. The code below seems to work around
690 # that problem by killing the process immediately with SIGTERM,
691 # which is not ignored.
693 sub kill_console { kill TERM => $exp->pid if $exp->pid; die "Terminated by SIG$_[0]"; };
695 # For our Jenkins/Robotframework use case, it was sufficient to
696 # handle the TERM signal, but to be on the safe side, we also
697 # catch other signals.
698 $SIG{TERM} = \&kill_console;
699 $SIG{HUP} = \&kill_console;
700 $SIG{INT} = \&kill_console;
701 $SIG{QUIT} = \&kill_console;
705 my ($amt_user, $amt_password, $amt_host, $amt_port);
707 if (defined $iprelay || defined $iprelay_cmd) {
708 if (defined $iprelay) {
710 $iprelay =~ /([.0-9]+)(:([0-9]+))?/;
713 my $paddr = sockaddr_in($port, inet_aton($addr));
714 my $proto = getprotobyname('tcp');
715 socket($IPRELAY, PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, $proto) || die "socket: $!";
716 print STDERR "novaboot: Connecting to IP relay... ";
717 connect($IPRELAY, $paddr) || die "connect: $!";
718 print STDERR "done\n";
719 $exp = Expect->init(\*$IPRELAY);
722 if (defined $iprelay_cmd) {
723 print STDERR "novaboot: Running: $iprelay_cmd\n";
726 $exp->spawn($iprelay_cmd);
727 kill_exp_on_signal();
731 print $exp "\xFF\xF6"; # AYT
732 my $connected = $exp->expect(20, # Timeout in seconds
733 '<iprelayd: connected>',
734 '-re', '<WEB51 HW[^>]*>')
735 || die "iprelay connection: " . ($! || "timeout");
740 my ($relay, $onoff) = @_;
741 die unless ($relay == 1 || $relay == 2);
743 my $cmd = ($relay == 1 ? 0x5 : 0x6) | ($onoff ? 0x20 : 0x10);
744 return "\xFF\xFA\x2C\x32".chr($cmd)."\xFF\xF0";
748 my ($relay, $onoff) = @_;
749 die unless ($relay == 1 || $relay == 2);
750 my $cmd = ($relay == 1 ? 0xdf : 0xbf) | ($onoff ? 0x00 : 0xff);
751 return "\xFF\xFA\x2C\x97".chr($cmd)."\xFF\xF0";
755 my ($relay, $onoff, $can_giveup) = @_;
756 my $confirmation = '';
758 print $exp relaycmd($relay, $onoff);
759 my $confirmed = $exp->expect(20, # Timeout in seconds
760 relayconf($relay, $onoff))
761 || die "iprelay command: " . ($! || "timeout");
764 print("Relay confirmation timeout - ignoring\n");
766 die "Relay confirmation timeout";
772 $target_reset = sub {
773 relay(2, 1, 1); # Reset the machine
778 $target_power_off = sub {
779 relay(1, 1); # Press power button
780 usleep(6000000); # Long press to switch off
784 $target_power_on = sub {
785 relay(1, 1); # Press power button
786 usleep(100000); # Short press
792 system_verbose("stty -F $serial $stty");
793 open($CONN, "+<", $serial) || die "open $serial: $!";
794 $exp = Expect->init(\*$CONN);
796 elsif (@remote_cmd) {
797 print STDERR "novaboot: Running: ".shell_cmd_string(@remote_cmd)."\n";
798 $exp = Expect->spawn(@remote_cmd);
799 kill_exp_on_signal();
801 elsif (defined $amt) {
802 require LWP::UserAgent;
803 require LWP::Authen::Digest;
806 my ($host, $username, $password, $schema, $className, $pstate) = @_;
807 #AMT numbers for PowerStateChange (MNI => bluescreen on windows;-)
808 my %pstates = ("on" => 2,
815 <s:Envelope xmlns:s="http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope" xmlns:a="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2004/08/addressing" xmlns:w="http://schemas.dmtf.org/wbem/wsman/1/wsman.xsd">
816 <s:Header><a:To>http://$host:16992/wsman</a:To>
817 <w:ResourceURI s:mustUnderstand="true">$schema</w:ResourceURI>
818 <a:ReplyTo><a:Address s:mustUnderstand="true">http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2004/08/addressing/role/anonymous</a:Address></a:ReplyTo>
819 <a:Action s:mustUnderstand="true">$schema$className</a:Action>
820 <w:MaxEnvelopeSize s:mustUnderstand="true">153600</w:MaxEnvelopeSize>
821 <a:MessageID>uuid:709072C9-609C-4B43-B301-075004043C7C</a:MessageID>
822 <w:Locale xml:lang="en-US" s:mustUnderstand="false" />
823 <w:OperationTimeout>PT60.000S</w:OperationTimeout>
824 <w:SelectorSet><w:Selector Name="Name">Intel(r) AMT Power Management Service</w:Selector></w:SelectorSet>
826 <p:RequestPowerStateChange_INPUT xmlns:p="http://schemas.dmtf.org/wbem/wscim/1/cim-schema/2/CIM_PowerManagementService">
827 <p:PowerState>$pstates{$pstate}</p:PowerState>
828 <p:ManagedElement><a:Address>http://$host:16992/wsman</a:Address>
829 <a:ReferenceParameters><w:ResourceURI>http://schemas.dmtf.org/wbem/wscim/1/cim-schema/2/CIM_ComputerSystem</w:ResourceURI>
830 <w:SelectorSet><w:Selector Name="Name">ManagedSystem</w:Selector></w:SelectorSet>
831 </a:ReferenceParameters></p:ManagedElement>
832 </p:RequestPowerStateChange_INPUT>
833 </s:Body></s:Envelope>
838 my ($host, $username, $password, $content) = @_;
840 my $ua = LWP::UserAgent->new();
841 $ua->agent("novaboot");
843 my $req = HTTP::Request->new(POST => "http://$host:16992/wsman");
844 my $res = $ua->request($req);
845 die ("Unexpected AMT response: " . $res->status_line) unless $res->code == 401;
847 my ($realm) = $res->header("WWW-Authenticate") =~ /Digest realm="(.*?)"/;
848 $ua->credentials("$host:16992", $realm, $username => $password);
851 $req = HTTP::Request->new(POST => "http://$host:16992/wsman");
852 $req->content_type('application/x-www-form-urlencoded');
853 $req->content($content);
854 $res = $ua->request($req);
855 die ("AMT power change request failed: " . $res->status_line) unless $res->is_success;
856 $res->content() =~ /<g:ReturnValue>(\d+)<\/g:ReturnValue>/;
861 my ($host, $username, $password, $pstate)=@_;
862 my $schema="http://schemas.dmtf.org/wbem/wscim/1/cim-schema/2/CIM_PowerManagementService";
863 my $className="/RequestPowerStateChange";
864 my $content = genXML($host, $username, $password ,$schema, $className, $pstate);
865 return sendPOST($host, $username, $password, $content);
868 ($amt_user,$amt_password,$amt_host,$amt_port) = ($amt =~ /(?:(.*?)(?::(.*))?@)?([^:]*)(?::([0-9]*))?/);;
869 $amt_user ||= "admin";
870 $amt_password ||= $ENV{'AMT_PASSWORD'} || die "AMT password not specified";
871 $amt_host || die "AMT host not specified";
875 $target_power_off = sub {
877 my $result = powerChange($amt_host,$amt_user,$amt_password, "off");
878 die "AMT power off failed (ReturnValue $result)" if $result != 0;
881 $target_power_on = sub {
882 my $result = powerChange($amt_host,$amt_user,$amt_password, "on");
883 die "AMT power on failed (ReturnValue $result)" if $result != 0;
886 $target_reset = sub {
887 my $result = powerChange($amt_host,$amt_user,$amt_password, "reset");
889 print STDERR "Warning: Cannot reset $amt_host, trying power on. ";
890 $result = powerChange($amt_host,$amt_user,$amt_password, "on");
892 die "AMT reset failed (ReturnValue $result)" if $result != 0;
895 my $cmd = "amtterm -u $amt_user -p $amt_password $amt_host $amt_port";
896 print STDERR "novaboot: Running: $cmd\n" =~ s/\Q$amt_password\E/???/r;
897 $exp = Expect->spawn($cmd);
898 $exp->expect(10, "RUN_SOL") || die "Expect for 'RUN_SOL': " . ($! || "timeout");
902 if ($remote_expect) {
903 $exp || die("No serial line connection");
904 my $log = $exp->log_stdout;
905 if (defined $remote_expect_silent) {
908 $exp->expect($remote_expect_timeout >= 0 ? $remote_expect_timeout : undef,
909 $remote_expect) || die "Expect for '$remote_expect':" . ($! || "timeout");;
910 if (defined $remote_expect_silent) {
911 $exp->log_stdout($log);
912 print $exp->after() if $log;
917 $target_reset = sub {
918 system_verbose(@reset_cmd);
922 if (defined $reset_send) {
923 $target_reset = sub {
924 $reset_send =~ s/\\n/\n/g;
925 $exp->send($reset_send);
929 if (defined $on_opt && defined $target_power_on) {
933 if (defined $off_opt && defined $target_power_off) {
934 print STDERR "novaboot: Switching the target off...\n";
935 &$target_power_off();
939 $builddir ||= dirname(File::Spec->rel2abs( ${$scripts[0]}{filename})) if scalar @scripts;
940 if (defined $builddir) {
941 chdir($builddir) or die "Can't change directory to $builddir: $!";
942 print STDERR "novaboot: Entering directory `$builddir'\n";
944 $builddir = $invocation_dir;
947 ## File generation phase
948 my (%files_iso, $menu_iso, $filename);
949 my $config_name = '';
952 foreach my $script (@scripts) {
953 $filename = $$script{filename};
954 $modules = $$script{modules};
955 $generated = $$script{generated};
956 $variables = $$script{variables};
958 ($config_name = $filename) =~ s#.*/##;
959 $config_name = $config_name_opt if (defined $config_name_opt);
961 if (exists $variables->{BUILDDIR}) {
962 $builddir = File::Spec->rel2abs($variables->{BUILDDIR});
963 chdir($builddir) or die "Can't change directory to $builddir: $!";
964 print STDERR "novaboot: Entering directory `$builddir'\n";
968 $prefix = $grub_prefix;
969 $prefix =~ s/\$NAME/$config_name/;
970 $prefix =~ s/\$BUILDDIR/$builddir/;
972 # TODO: use $grub_prefix as first parameter if some switch is given
973 generate_configs('', $generated, $filename);
975 ### Generate bootloader configuration files
976 my @bootloader_configs;
977 push @bootloader_configs, generate_grub_config($grub_config, $config_name, $prefix, $modules, $grub_preamble) if (defined $grub_config);
978 push @bootloader_configs, generate_grub2_config($grub2_config, $config_name, $prefix, $modules, $grub_preamble, $grub2_prolog) if (defined $grub2_config);
979 push @bootloader_configs, generate_pulsar_config('config-'.($pulsar||'novaboot'), $modules, $chainload) if (defined $pulsar);
981 ### Run scons or make
984 push @all, @$modules;
986 push @all, @$chainload;
987 my @files = map({ ($file) = m/([^ ]*)/; $file; } @all);
989 # Filter-out generated files
990 my @to_build = grep({ my $file = $_; !scalar(grep($file eq ($$_{filename} || ''), @$generated)) } @files);
992 system_verbose($scons || $CFG::scons." ".join(" ", @to_build)) if (defined $scons);
993 system_verbose($make || $CFG::make ." ".join(" ", @to_build)) if (defined $make);
996 ### Copy files (using rsync)
997 if (defined $server && !defined($gen_only)) {
998 (my $real_server = $server) =~ s/\$NAME/$config_name/;
1000 my ($hostname, $path) = split(":", $real_server, 2);
1001 if (! defined $path) {
1005 my $files = join(" ", map({ ($file) = m/([^ ]*)/; $file; } ( @$modules, @bootloader_configs, @$copy)));
1006 map({ my $file = (split)[0]; die "Not a file: $file: $!" if ! -e $file || -d $file; } @$modules);
1007 my $istty = -t STDOUT && ($ENV{'TERM'} || 'dumb') ne 'dumb';
1008 my $progress = $istty ? "--progress" : "";
1010 system_verbose("rsync $progress -RL --chmod=ugo=rwX $rsync_flags $files $real_server");
1011 if ($server =~ m|/\$NAME$| && $concat) {
1012 my $cmd = join("; ", map { "( cd $path/.. && cat */$_ > $_ )" } @bootloader_configs);
1013 system_verbose($hostname ? "ssh $hostname '$cmd'" : $cmd);
1018 ### Prepare ISO image generation
1019 if (defined $iso_image) {
1020 generate_configs("(cd)", $generated, $filename);
1022 generate_syslinux_config(\$menu, $config_name, "/", $modules);
1023 $menu_iso .= "$menu\n";
1024 map { ($file,undef) = split; $files_iso{$file} = 1; } @$modules;
1028 ## Generate ISO image
1029 if (defined $iso_image) {
1030 system_verbose("mkdir -p isolinux");
1033 if (-f '/usr/lib/ISOLINUX/isolinux.bin') {
1034 # Newer ISOLINUX version
1035 @files = qw(/usr/lib/ISOLINUX/isolinux.bin /usr/lib/syslinux/modules/bios/mboot.c32 /usr/lib/syslinux/modules/bios/libcom32.c32 /usr/lib/syslinux/modules/bios/menu.c32 /usr/lib/syslinux/modules/bios/ldlinux.c32);
1036 } elsif (-f '/usr/lib/syslinux/isolinux.bin') {
1037 # Older ISOLINUX version
1038 @files = qw(/usr/lib/syslinux/isolinux.bin /usr/lib/syslinux/mboot.c32 /usr/lib/syslinux/menu.c32);
1040 # NixOS and maybe others
1041 my $syslinux = `which syslinux` || die "Cannot find syslinux";
1043 $syslinux =~ s,/bin/syslinux$,,;
1044 @files = ("$syslinux/share/syslinux/isolinux.bin", "$syslinux/share/syslinux/mboot.c32", "$syslinux/share/syslinux/libcom32.c32", "$syslinux/share/syslinux/menu.c32", "$syslinux/share/syslinux/ldlinux.c32");
1046 system_verbose("cp @files isolinux && chmod +w isolinux/*");
1047 open(my $fh, ">isolinux/isolinux.cfg");
1049 print $fh "TIMEOUT 50\n";
1050 print $fh "DEFAULT menu\n";
1052 print $fh "DEFAULT $config_name\n";
1054 print $fh "$menu_iso";
1057 my $files = join(" ", map("$_=$_", (keys(%files_iso), 'isolinux/isolinux.cfg', map(s|.*/|isolinux/|r, @files))));
1058 $iso_image ||= "$config_name.iso";
1060 # Note: We use -U flag below to "Allow 'untranslated' filenames,
1061 # completely violating the ISO9660 standards". Without this
1062 # option, isolinux is not able to read files names for example
1064 system_verbose("$CFG::genisoimage -R -b isolinux/isolinux.bin -c isolinux/boot.cat -no-emul-boot -boot-load-size 4 -boot-info-table -hide-rr-moved -U -o $iso_image -graft-points $files");
1065 print("ISO image created: $builddir/$iso_image\n");
1068 exit(0) if defined $gen_only;
1070 ## Boot the system using various methods and send serial output to stdout
1072 if (scalar(@scripts) > 1 && ( defined $dhcp_tftp || defined $serial || defined $iprelay)) {
1073 die "You cannot do this with multiple scripts simultaneously";
1076 if ($variables->{WVTEST_TIMEOUT}) {
1077 print STDERR "wvtest: timeout ", $variables->{WVTEST_TIMEOUT}, "\n";
1082 if (defined $qemu) {
1084 $qemu ||= $variables->{QEMU} || $CFG::qemu;
1085 my @qemu_flags = split(" ", $qemu);
1086 $qemu = shift(@qemu_flags);
1088 @qemu_flags = split(/ +/, trim($variables->{QEMU_FLAGS})) if exists $variables->{QEMU_FLAGS};
1089 @qemu_flags = split(/ +/, trim($qemu_flags_cmd)) if $qemu_flags_cmd;
1090 push(@qemu_flags, split(/ +/, trim($qemu_append || '')));
1092 if (defined $iso_image) {
1093 # Boot NOVA with grub (and test the iso image)
1094 push(@qemu_flags, ('-cdrom', $iso_image));
1096 # Boot NOVA without GRUB
1098 # Non-patched qemu doesn't like commas, but NUL can live with pluses instead of commans
1099 foreach (@$modules) {s/,/+/g;}
1100 generate_configs("", $generated, $filename);
1102 if (scalar @$modules) {
1103 my ($kbin, $kcmd) = split(' ', shift(@$modules), 2);
1104 $kcmd = '' if !defined $kcmd;
1106 @$modules = map { if (/\.dtb$/) { $dtb=$_; (); } else { $_ } } @$modules;
1107 my $initrd = join ",", @$modules;
1109 push(@qemu_flags, ('-kernel', $kbin, '-append', $kcmd));
1110 push(@qemu_flags, ('-initrd', $initrd)) if $initrd;
1111 push(@qemu_flags, ('-dtb', $dtb)) if $dtb;
1114 if (!grep /^-serial$/, @qemu_flags) {
1115 push(@qemu_flags, qw(-serial stdio)); # Redirect serial output (for collecting test restuls)
1117 unshift(@qemu_flags, ('-name', $config_name));
1118 print STDERR "novaboot: Running: ".shell_cmd_string($qemu, @qemu_flags)."\n";
1119 $exp = Expect->spawn(($qemu, @qemu_flags)) || die("exec() failed: $!");
1122 ### Local DHCPD and TFTPD
1124 my ($dhcpd_pid, $tftpd_pid);
1126 $tftp=1 if $tftp_port;
1128 if (defined $dhcp_tftp)
1130 generate_configs("(nd)", $generated, $filename);
1131 system_verbose('mkdir -p tftpboot');
1132 generate_grub_config("tftpboot/os-menu.lst", $config_name, "(nd)", \@$modules, "timeout 0");
1133 open(my $fh, '>', 'dhcpd.conf');
1134 my $mac = `cat /sys/class/net/$netif/address`;
1136 print $fh "subnet 10.23.23.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
1137 range 10.23.23.10 10.23.23.100;
1138 filename \"bin/boot/grub/pxegrub.pxe\";
1139 next-server 10.23.23.1;
1142 hardware ethernet $mac;
1143 fixed-address 10.23.23.1;
1146 system_verbose("sudo ip a add 10.23.23.1/24 dev $netif;
1147 sudo ip l set dev $netif up;
1148 sudo touch dhcpd.leases");
1150 # We run servers by forking ourselves, because the servers end up
1151 # in our process group and get killed by signals sent to the
1152 # process group (e.g. Ctrl-C on terminal).
1153 $dhcpd_pid = fork();
1154 exec_verbose("sudo dhcpd -d -cf dhcpd.conf -lf dhcpd.leases -pf dhcpd.pid") if ($dhcpd_pid == 0);
1157 if (defined $dhcp_tftp || defined $tftp) {
1159 # Generate TFTP mapfile
1160 open(my $fh, '>', "$builddir/mapfile");
1161 print $fh "# Some PXE clients (mainly UEFI) have bug. They add zero byte to the end of the
1162 # path name. This rule removes it
1165 # Unfortunately, tftpd requires root privileges even with
1166 # non-privileged (>1023) port due to initgroups().
1167 system_verbose("sudo in.tftpd --listen --secure -v -v -v --pidfile tftpd.pid -m mapfile --address :$tftp_port $builddir");
1169 # Kill server when we die
1170 $SIG{__DIE__} = sub { system_verbose('sudo pkill --pidfile=dhcpd.pid') if (defined $dhcp_tftp);
1171 system_verbose('sudo pkill --pidfile=tftpd.pid'); };
1173 # We have to kill tftpd explicitely, because it is not in our process group
1174 $SIG{INT} = sub { system_verbose('sudo pkill --pidfile=tftpd.pid'); exit(0); };
1178 if (defined $ider) {
1179 my $ider_cmd= "amtider -c $iso_image -u $amt_user -p $amt_password $amt_host $amt_port" ;
1180 print STDERR "novaboot: Running: $ider_cmd\n" =~ s/\Q$amt_password\E/???/r;
1181 my $ider_pid = fork();
1182 if ($ider_pid == 0) {
1184 die "IDE redirection failed";
1186 # FIXME: This collides with --tftp option. Hopefully, nobody needs
1187 # to use both simultaneously.
1188 $SIG{__DIE__} = sub { system_verbose('kill $ider_pid'); };
1191 ### Reset target (IP relay, AMT, ...)
1193 if (defined $target_reset && $reset) {
1194 print STDERR "novaboot: Resetting the test box... ";
1196 print STDERR "done\n";
1198 # We don't want to output anything printed by the target
1199 # before reset so we clear the buffers now. This is, however,
1200 # not ideal because we may loose some data that were sent
1201 # after the reset. If this is a problem, one should reset and
1202 # connect to serial line in atomic manner. For example, if
1203 # supported by hardware, use --remote-cmd 'sterm -d ...' and
1204 # do not use separate --reset-cmd.
1205 my $log = $exp->log_stdout;
1206 $exp->log_stdout(0);
1207 $exp->expect(0); # Read data from target
1208 $exp->clear_accum(); # Clear the read data
1209 $exp->log_stdout($log);
1213 ### U-boot conversation
1214 if (defined $uboot) {
1215 my $uboot_prompt = $uboot || '=> ';
1216 print STDERR "novaboot: Waiting for U-Boot prompt...\n";
1217 $exp || die("No serial line connection");
1218 $exp->log_stdout(1);
1219 #$exp->exp_internal(1);
1221 [qr/Hit any key to stop autoboot:/, sub {
1222 $exp->send($uboot_stop_key // "\n");
1224 $uboot_prompt) || die "No U-Boot prompt deteceted";
1225 foreach my $cmdspec (@uboot_init) {
1226 my ($cmd, $timeout);
1227 die "Internal error - please report a bug" unless ref($cmdspec) eq "HASH";
1229 if ($cmdspec->{system}) {
1230 $cmd = `$cmdspec->{system}`;
1232 $cmd = $cmdspec->{command};
1234 $timeout = $cmdspec->{timeout} // 10;
1236 if ($cmd =~ /\$NB_MYIP/) {
1237 my $ip = (grep /inet /, `ip addr show $netif`)[0] || die "Problem determining IP address of $netif";
1238 $ip =~ s/\s*inet ([0-9.]*).*/$1/;
1239 $cmd =~ s/\$NB_MYIP/$ip/g;
1241 if ($cmd =~ /\$NB_PREFIX/) {
1244 $cmd =~ s/\$NB_PREFIX/$p/g;
1247 $exp->send("$cmd\n");
1249 my ($matched_pattern_position, $error,
1250 $successfully_matching_string,
1251 $before_match, $after_match) =
1252 $exp->expect($timeout, $uboot_prompt);
1253 die "No U-Boot prompt: $error" if $error;
1255 if ($cmdspec->{dest}) {
1256 open(my $fh, ">", $cmdspec->{dest}) or die "Cannot open '$cmdspec->{dest}': $!";
1257 print $fh $before_match;
1262 # Load files if there are some load lines in the script
1263 if (scalar(@$modules) > 0 && !$variables->{NO_BOOT}) {
1264 my ($kbin, $kcmd) = split(' ', shift(@$modules), 2);
1266 @$modules = map { if (/\.dtb$/) { $dtb=$_; (); } else { $_ } } @$modules;
1267 my $initrd = shift @$modules;
1269 if (defined $kbin && $kbin ne '/dev/null') {
1270 die "No '--uboot-addr kernel' given" unless $uboot_addr{kernel};
1271 $exp->send("tftpboot $uboot_addr{kernel} $prefix$kbin\n");
1273 [qr/##/, sub { exp_continue; }],
1274 $uboot_prompt) || die "Kernel load: " . ($! || "timeout");
1277 die "No '--uboot-addr fdt' given" unless $uboot_addr{fdt};
1278 $exp->send("tftpboot $uboot_addr{fdt} $prefix$dtb\n");
1280 [qr/##/, sub { exp_continue; }],
1281 $uboot_prompt) || die "Device tree load: " . ($! || "timeout");
1283 $uboot_addr{fdt} = '';
1285 if (defined $initrd) {
1286 die "No '--uboot-addr ramdisk' given" unless $uboot_addr{ramdisk};
1287 $exp->send("tftpboot $uboot_addr{ramdisk} $prefix$initrd\n");
1289 [qr/##/, sub { exp_continue; }],
1290 $uboot_prompt) || die "Initrd load: " . ($! || "timeout");
1292 $uboot_addr{ramdisk} = '-';
1296 $exp->send("setenv bootargs $kcmd\n");
1297 $exp->expect(5, $uboot_prompt) || die "U-Boot prompt: " . ($! || "timeout");
1300 $uboot_cmd //= $variables->{UBOOT_CMD} // 'bootm $kernel_addr $ramdisk_addr $fdt_addr';
1301 if (!$variables->{NO_BOOT} && $uboot_cmd ne '') {
1302 $uboot_cmd =~ s/\$kernel_addr/$uboot_addr{kernel}/g;
1303 $uboot_cmd =~ s/\$ramdisk_addr/$uboot_addr{ramdisk}/g;
1304 $uboot_cmd =~ s/\$fdt_addr/$uboot_addr{fdt}/g;
1306 $exp->send($uboot_cmd . "\n");
1307 $exp->expect(5, "\n") || die "U-Boot command: " . ($! || "timeout");
1311 ### Serial line interaction
1312 if ($interaction && defined $exp) {
1313 # Serial line of the target is available
1314 my $interrupt = 'Ctrl-C';
1315 if ($interactive && !@exiton) {
1316 $interrupt = '"~~."';
1318 print STDERR "novaboot: Serial line interaction (press $interrupt to interrupt)...\n";
1319 $exp->log_stdout(1);
1321 $exp->expect($exiton_timeout, @exiton, @expect_raw) || die("exiton: " . ($! || "timeout"));
1323 my @inputs = ($exp);
1324 my $infile = new IO::File;
1325 $infile->IO::File::fdopen(*STDIN,'r');
1326 my $in_object = Expect->exp_init($infile);
1327 $in_object->set_group($exp);
1330 $in_object->set_seq('~~\.', sub { print STDERR "novaboot: Escape sequence detected\r\n"; undef; });
1331 $in_object->manual_stty(0); # Use raw terminal mode
1333 $in_object->manual_stty(1); # Do not modify terminal settings
1335 push(@inputs, $in_object);
1337 #print Dumper(\@expect_raw);
1338 $exp->expect(undef, @expect_raw) if @expect_raw;
1340 $^W = 0; # Suppress Expect warning: handle id(3) is not a tty. Not changing mode at /usr/share/perl5/Expect.pm line 393, <> line 8.
1341 Expect::interconnect(@inputs) unless defined($exp->exitstatus);
1346 # When exp-spawned command ignores SIGHUP, Expect waits 5 seconds
1347 # before killing it. We kill it by SIGTERM immediately.
1348 kill TERM => $exp->pid if defined $exp && $exp->pid;
1350 ## Kill dhcpc or tftpd
1351 if (defined $dhcp_tftp || defined $tftp) {
1352 die("novaboot: This should kill servers on background\n");
1355 # Always finish novaboot output with newline
1356 print "\n" if $final_eol;
1364 novaboot - Boots a locally compiled operating system on a remote
1371 B<novaboot> [option]... [--] script...
1373 B<./script> [option]...
1377 Novaboot makes booting of a locally compiled operating system (OS)
1378 (e.g. NOVA or Linux) on remote targets as simple as running a program
1379 locally. It automates things like copying OS images to a TFTP server,
1380 generation of bootloader configuration files, resetting of target
1381 hardware or redirection of target's serial line to stdin/out. Novaboot
1382 is highly configurable and makes it easy to boot a single image on
1383 different targets or different images on a single target.
1385 Novaboot operation is controlled by configuration files, command line
1386 options and by a so-called novaboot script, which can be thought as a
1387 generalization of bootloader configuration files (see L</"NOVABOOT
1388 SCRIPT SYNTAX">). The typical way of using novaboot is to make the
1389 novaboot script executable and set its first line to I<#!/usr/bin/env
1390 novaboot>. Then, booting a particular OS configuration becomes the
1391 same as executing a local program – the novaboot script.
1393 Novaboot uses configuration files to, among other things, define
1394 command line options needed for different targets. Users typically use
1395 only the B<-t>/B<--target> command line option to select the target.
1396 Internally, this option expands to the pre-configured options.
1397 Novaboot searches configuration files at multiple places, which allows
1398 having per-system, per-user or per-project configurations.
1399 Configuration file syntax is described in section L</"CONFIGURATION
1402 Novaboot newcomers may be confused by a large number of configuration
1403 options. Understanding all these options is not always needed,
1404 depending on the used setup. The L<figure from the doc directory
1405 |https://github.com/wentasah/novaboot/blob/master/doc/typical-setups.svg>
1406 shows different setups that vary in how much effort is needed
1407 to configure novaboot for them. The setups are:
1411 =item A: Laptop and target device only
1413 This requires to configure everything on the laptop side, including a
1414 serial line connection (L</--serial>, L</--remote-cmd>, ...), power
1415 on/off/reset commands (L</--reset-cmd>, ...), TFTP server
1416 (L</--copy>, L</--prefix>...), device IP addresses, etc.
1418 =item B: Laptop, target device and external TFTP server
1420 Like the previous setup, but the TFTP (and maybe DHCP) configuration
1421 is handled by a server. Novaboot users need to understand where to
1422 copy their files to the TFTP server (L</--copy>) and which IP
1423 addresses their target will get, but do not need to configure the
1426 =item C: Novaboot server running novaboot-shell
1428 With this setup, the configuration is done on the server. Users only
1429 need to know the SSH account (L</--ssh>) used to communicate between
1430 novaboot and novaboot server. The server is implemented as a
1431 restricted shell (L<novaboot-shell(1)>) on the server. No need to give
1432 full shell access to novaboot users on the server.
1436 =head2 Simple examples of using C<novaboot>:
1438 To boot Linux (files F<bzImage> and F<rootfs.cpio> in current
1439 directory), create F<mylinux> file with this content:
1441 #!/usr/bin/env novaboot
1442 load bzImage console=ttyS0,115200
1449 Booting an OS in Qemu can be accomplished by giving the B<--qemu> option.
1452 novaboot --qemu mylinux
1454 (or C<./mylinux --qemu> as described above) will run Qemu and make it
1455 boot the configuration specified in the F<mylinux> script. How is qemu
1456 started can be configured in various ways (see below).
1460 Create a bootloader configuration file (currently supported
1461 bootloaders are GRUB, GRUB2, ISOLINUX, Pulsar, and U-Boot) and copy it
1462 with all other files needed for booting to a remote TFTP server. Then
1463 use a TCP/IP-controlled relay/serial-to-TCP converter to reset the
1464 target and receive its serial output.
1466 ./mylinux --grub2 --copy=192.168.1.1:/tftp --iprelay=192.168.1.2
1468 Alternatively, you can put these switches to the configuration file
1471 ./mylinux --target mytarget
1475 Specifying all the options needed by novaboot to successfully control
1476 the target, either on command line or in configuration files, can be
1477 difficult for users. Novaboot supports configuring the target
1478 centrally via L<novaboot-shell(1)> on a server. With such a
1479 configuration, users only need to use the B<--ssh> option to specify
1480 where to boot their OS:
1482 ./mylinux --ssh myboard@example.com
1484 Typically, the server is the computer connected to and controlling the
1485 target board and running the TFTP server.
1489 Run DHCP and TFTP server on developer's machine to boot the target
1492 ./mylinux --dhcp-tftp
1494 This usage is useful when no network infrastructure is in place, and
1495 the target is connected directly to developer's box.
1499 Create bootable ISO image.
1501 novaboot --iso -- script1 script2
1503 The created ISO image will have ISOLINUX bootloader installed on it,
1504 and the boot menu will allow selecting between I<script1> and
1505 I<script2> configurations.
1509 =head1 OPTIONS AND PHASES
1511 Novaboot performs its work in several phases. Command line options
1512 described bellow influence the execution of each phase or allow their
1513 skipping. The list of phases (in the execution order) is as follows.
1517 =item 1. L<Configuration reading|/Configuration reading phase>
1519 =item 2. L<Command line processing|/Command line processing phase>
1521 =item 3. L<Script preprocessing|/Script preprocessing phase>
1523 =item 4. L<File generation|/File generation phase>
1525 =item 5. L<Target connection|/Target connection check>
1527 =item 6. L<File deployment|/File deployment phase>
1529 =item 7. L<Target power-on and reset|/Target power-on and reset phase>
1531 =item 8. L<Interaction with the bootloader|/Interaction with the bootloader on the target>
1533 =item 9. L<Target interaction|/Target interaction phase>
1537 Each phase is described in the following sections together with the
1538 command line options that control it.
1540 =head2 Configuration reading phase
1542 After starting, novaboot reads zero or more configuration files. We
1543 describe their content in section L</"CONFIGURATION FILES">. By default, the
1544 configuration is read from multiple locations. First from the system
1545 configuration directory (F</etc/novaboot.d/>), second from the user
1546 configuration file (F<~/.config/novaboot>) and third from F<.novaboot>
1547 files along the path to the current directory. Alternatively, a single
1548 configuration file specified with the B<-c> switch or with the
1549 C<NOVABOOT_CONFIG> environment variable is read. The latter read files
1550 override settings from the former ones.
1552 The system configuration directory is determined by the content of
1553 NOVABOOT_CONFIG_DIR environment variable and defaults to
1554 F</etc/novaboot.d>. Files in this directory with names consisting
1555 solely of English letters, numbers, dashes '-' and underscores '_'
1556 (note that dot '.' is not included) are read in alphabetical order.
1558 Then, the user configuration file is read from
1559 F<$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/novaboot>. If C<$XDG_CONFIG_HOME> environment
1560 variable is not set F<~/.config/novaboot> is read instead.
1562 Finally, novaboot searches for files named F<.novaboot> starting from the
1563 directory of the novaboot script (or working directory, see bellow)
1564 and continuing upwards up to the root directory. The found
1565 configuration files are then read in the opposite order (i.e. from the
1566 root directory downwards). This ordering allows having, for example, a project
1567 specific configuration in F<~/project/.novaboot>.
1569 Note the difference between F<~/.config/novaboot> and F<~/.novaboot>.
1570 The former one is always read, whereas the latter only when novaboot
1571 script or working directory is under the C<$HOME> directory.
1573 In certain cases, the location of the novaboot script cannot be
1574 determined in this early phase. This situation happens either when the script is
1575 read from the standard input or when novaboot is invoked explicitly as
1576 in the example L</"4."> above. In this case, the current working
1577 directory is used as a starting point for configuration file search
1578 instead of the novaboot script directory.
1582 =item -c, --config=I<filename>
1584 Use the specified configuration file instead of the default one(s).
1588 =head2 Command line processing phase
1594 Dump the current configuration to stdout end exit. Useful as an
1595 initial template for a configuration file.
1599 Print short (B<-h>) or long (B<--help>) help.
1601 =item -t, --target=I<target>
1603 This option serves as a user configurable shortcut for other novaboot
1604 options. The effect of this option is the same as specifying the
1605 options stored in the C<%targets> configuration variable under key
1606 I<target>. See also L</"CONFIGURATION FILES">.
1608 When this option is not given, novaboot tries to determine the target
1609 to use from either B<NOVABOOT_TARGET> environment variable or
1610 B<$default_target> configuration file variable.
1612 =item --ssh=I<user@hostname>
1614 Configures novaboot to control the target via C<novaboot-shell>
1615 running remotely via SSH.
1617 Using this option is the same as specifying B<--remote-cmd>,
1618 B<--remote-expect>, B<--copy> B<--rsync-flags>, B<--prefix> and
1619 B<--reset-cmd> manually in a way compatible with C<novaboot-shell>.
1620 The server can be configured to provide other, safe bootloader-related
1621 options, to the client. When this happens, novaboot prints them to
1624 Currently, this in an initial experimental implementation. We plan to
1625 change/extend this feature soon!
1629 =head2 Script preprocessing phase
1631 This phase allows modifying the parsed novaboot script before it is
1632 used in the later phases.
1636 =item -a, --append=I<parameters>
1638 Append a string to the first C<load> line in the novaboot script. This option
1639 can be used to append parameters to the kernel's or root task's
1640 command line. This option can appear multiple times.
1644 Use L<Bender|https://github.com/TUD-OS/morbo/blob/master/standalone/bender.c>
1645 chainloader. Bender scans the PCI bus for PCI serial ports and stores
1646 the information about them in the BIOS data area for use by the
1649 =item --chainloader=I<chainloader>
1651 Specifies a chainloader that is loaded before the kernel and other
1652 files specified in the novaboot script. E.g. 'bin/boot/bender
1657 Print the modules to boot and their parameters, after this phase
1658 finishes. Then exit. This is useful for seeing the effect of other
1659 options in this section.
1661 =item -k, --kernel=F<file>
1663 Replace the first word on the first C<load> line in the novaboot
1664 script with F<file>.
1666 =item --scriptmod=I<Perl expression>
1668 When novaboot reads the script, I<Perl expression> is executed for every
1669 line (in $_ variable). For example, C<novaboot
1670 --scriptmod=s/sigma0/omega6/g> replaces every occurrence of I<sigma0>
1671 in the script with I<omega6>.
1673 When this option is present, it overrides I<$script_modifier> variable
1674 from the configuration file, which has the same effect. If this option
1675 is given multiple times all expressions are evaluated in the command
1680 =head2 File generation phase
1682 In this phase, files needed for booting are generated in a so-called
1683 I<build directory> (see L</--build-dir>). In most cases configuration
1684 for a bootloader is generated automatically by novaboot. It is also
1685 possible to generate other files using I<heredoc> or I<"<"> syntax in
1686 novaboot scripts. Finally, novaboot can generate binaries in this phases by
1687 running C<scons> or C<make>.
1691 =item --build-dir=I<directory>
1693 Overrides the default build directory location.
1695 The default build directory location is determined as follows: If the
1696 configuration file defines the C<$builddir> variable, its value is
1697 used. Otherwise, it is the directory that contains the first processed
1700 See also L</BUILDDIR> variable.
1702 =item -g, --grub[=I<filename>]
1704 Generates grub bootloader menu file. If the I<filename> is not
1705 specified, F<menu.lst> is used. The I<filename> is relative to the
1706 build directory (see B<--build-dir>).
1708 =item --grub-preamble=I<prefix>
1710 Specifies the I<preamble> that is at the beginning of the generated
1711 GRUB or GRUB2 config files. This is useful for specifying GRUB's
1714 =item --prefix=I<prefix>
1716 Specifies I<prefix> (e.g. F</srv/tftp>) that is put in front of every
1717 filename in generated bootloader configuration files (or in U-Boot
1720 If the I<prefix> contains string $NAME, it will be replaced with the
1721 name of the novaboot script (see also B<--name>).
1723 If the I<prefix> contains string $BUILDDIR, it will be replaced with
1724 the build directory (see also B<--build-dir>).
1728 Alias for B<--prefix>.
1730 =item --grub2[=I<filename>]
1732 Generate GRUB2 menu entry in I<filename>. If I<filename> is not
1733 specified F<grub.cfg> is used. The content of the menu entry can be
1734 customized with B<--grub-preamble>, B<--grub2-prolog> or
1735 B<--grub_prefix> options.
1737 GRUB2 can boot multiboot-compliant kernels and a few kernels with specific
1738 support. L</BOOT_METHOD> could be used to specify the command used by GRUB2 to
1739 load the kernel. See L<GNU GRUB Manual|https://www.gnu.org/software/grub/manual/grub/grub.html#Booting>.
1741 To use the generated menu entry on your development
1742 machine that uses GRUB2, append the following snippet to
1743 F</etc/grub.d/40_custom> file and regenerate your grub configuration,
1744 i.e. run update-grub on Debian/Ubuntu.
1746 if [ -f /path/to/nul/build/grub.cfg ]; then
1747 source /path/to/nul/build/grub.cfg
1750 =item --grub2-prolog=I<prolog>
1752 Specifies the text that novaboot puts at the beginning of the GRUB2 menu entry.
1754 =item -m, --make[=make command]
1756 Runs C<make> to build files that are not generated by novaboot itself.
1758 =item --name=I<string>
1760 Use the name I<string> instead of the name of the novaboot script.
1761 This name is used for things like a title of grub menu or for the
1762 server directory where the boot files are copied to.
1766 Do not run external commands to generate files (i.e. "<" syntax and
1767 C<run> keyword). This switch does not influence the generation of files
1768 specified with "<<WORD" syntax.
1770 =item -p, --pulsar[=mac]
1772 Generates pulsar bootloader configuration file named F<config-I<mac>>
1773 The I<mac> string is typically a MAC address and defaults to
1776 =item --scons[=scons command]
1778 Runs C<scons> to build files that are not generated by novaboot
1783 Strip I<rom://> prefix from command lines and generated config files.
1784 The I<rom://> prefix is used by NUL. For NRE, it has to be stripped.
1788 Exit novaboot after file generation phase.
1792 =head2 Target connection check
1794 In this phase novaboot connects to target's serial port (if it has
1795 one). If another novaboot user/instance occupies the target, novaboot
1796 exits here with an error message.
1800 =item --amt=I<"[user[:password]@]host[:port]>
1802 Use Intel AMT technology to control the target machine. WS management
1803 is used to powercycle it and Serial-Over-Lan (SOL) for input/output.
1804 The hostname or (IP address) is given by the I<host> parameter. If the
1805 I<password> is not specified, environment variable AMT_PASSWORD is
1806 used. The I<port> specifies a TCP port for SOL. If not specified, the
1807 default is 16992. The default I<user> is admin.
1809 =item --iprelay=I<addr[:port]>
1811 Use TCP/IP relay and serial port to access the target's serial port
1812 and powercycle it. The I<addr> parameter specifies the IP address of
1813 the relay. If I<port> is not specified, it defaults to 23.
1815 Note: This option is supposed to work with HWG-ER02a IP relays.
1817 =item --iprelay-cmd=I<command>
1819 Similar to B<--iprelay> but uses I<command> to talk to the iprelay
1820 rather than direct network connection.
1822 =item -s, --serial[=device]
1824 Target's serial line is connected to host's serial line (device). The
1825 default value for device is F</dev/ttyUSB0>.
1827 The value of this option is exported in NB_NOVABOOT environment
1828 variable to all subprocesses run by C<novaboot>.
1830 =item --stty=I<settings>
1832 Specifies settings passed to C<stty> invoked on the serial line
1833 specified with B<--serial> option. If this option is not given,
1834 C<stty> is called with C<raw -crtscts -onlcr 115200> settings.
1836 =item --remote-cmd=I<cmd>
1838 Command that mediates connection to the target's serial line. For
1839 example C<ssh server 'cu -l /dev/ttyS0'>.
1841 =item --remote-expect=I<string>
1843 Wait for reception of I<string> after establishing the remote serial
1844 line connection. Novaboot assumes that after establishing the serial
1845 line connection, the user running novaboot has exclusive access to the
1846 target. If establishing of the serial line connection happens
1847 asynchronously (e.g. running a command remotely via SSH), we need this
1848 option to wait until the exclusive access is confirmed by the remote
1851 Depending on target configuration, this option can solve two practical
1852 problems: 1) Overwriting of files deployed by another user currently
1853 using the target. 2) Resetting the target board before serial line
1854 connection is established and thus missing bootloader interaction.
1856 Example of usage with the L<sterm
1857 tool|https://rtime.felk.cvut.cz/gitweb/sojka/sterm.git>:
1859 --remote-cmd='ssh -tt example.com sterm -v /dev/ttyUSB0' --remote-expect='sterm: Connected'
1861 =item --remote-expect-silent=I<string>
1863 The same as B<--remote-expect> except that the remote output is not
1864 echoed to stdout while waiting for the I<string>. Everything after the
1865 matched string is printed to stdout, so you may want to include line
1866 end characters in the I<string> as well.
1868 =item --remote-expect-timeout=I<seconds>
1870 Timeout in seconds for B<--remote-expect> or
1871 B<--remote-expect-seconds>. When negative, waits forever. The default
1876 =head2 File deployment phase
1878 In some setups, it is necessary to copy the files needed for booting
1879 to a particular location, e.g. to a TFTP boot server or to the
1884 =item -d, --dhcp-tftp
1886 Turns your workstation into a DHCP and TFTP server so that the OS can
1887 be booted via PXE BIOS (or similar mechanism) on the test machine
1888 directly connected by a plain Ethernet cable to your workstation.
1890 The DHCP and TFTP servers require root privileges and C<novaboot>
1891 uses C<sudo> command to obtain those. You can put the following to
1892 I</etc/sudoers> to allow running the necessary commands without asking
1895 Cmnd_Alias NOVABOOT = /bin/ip a add 10.23.23.1/24 dev eth0, /bin/ip l set dev eth0 up, /usr/sbin/dhcpd -d -cf dhcpd.conf -lf dhcpd.leases -pf dhcpd.pid, /usr/sbin/in.tftpd --listen --secure -v -v -v --pidfile tftpd.pid *, /usr/bin/touch dhcpd.leases, /usr/bin/pkill --pidfile=dhcpd.pid, /usr/bin/pkill --pidfile=tftpd.pid
1896 your_login ALL=NOPASSWD: NOVABOOT
1900 Starts a TFTP server on your workstation. This is similar to
1901 B<--dhcp-tftp> except that DHCP server is not started.
1903 The TFTP server requires root privileges and C<novaboot> uses C<sudo>
1904 command to obtain those. You can put the following to I</etc/sudoers>
1905 to allow running the necessary commands without asking for a password.
1907 Cmnd_Alias NOVABOOT = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd --listen --secure -v -v -v --pidfile tftpd.pid *, /usr/bin/pkill --pidfile=tftpd.pid
1908 your_login ALL=NOPASSWD: NOVABOOT
1910 =item --tftp-port=I<port>
1912 Port to run the TFTP server on. Implies B<--tftp>.
1914 =item --netif=I<network interface>
1916 Network interface used to deploy files to the target. This option
1917 influences the configuration of the DHCP server started by
1918 B<--dhcp-tftp> and the value that B<$NB_MYIP> get replaced with during
1919 U-Boot conversation. The default value is C<$netif> variable from
1920 configuration files, which defaults to I<eth0>.
1922 =item --iso[=filename]
1924 Generates the ISO image that boots NOVA system via GRUB. If no filename
1925 is given, the image is stored under I<NAME>.iso, where I<NAME> is the name
1926 of the novaboot script (see also B<--name>).
1928 =item --server[=[[user@]server:]path]
1930 Alias of B<--copy> (kept for backward compatibility).
1932 =item --copy[=[[user@]server:]path]
1934 Copy all files needed for booting to another location. The files will
1935 be copied (by B<rsync> tool) to the directory I<path>. If the I<path>
1936 contains string $NAME, it will be replaced with the name of the
1937 novaboot script (see also B<--name>).
1939 =item --rsync-flags=I<flags>
1941 Specifies I<flags> to append to F<rsync> command line when
1942 copying files as a result of I<--copy> option.
1946 If B<--copy> is used and its value ends with $NAME, then after
1947 copying the files, a new bootloader configuration file (e.g. menu.lst)
1948 is created at I<path-wo-name>, i.e. the path specified by B<--copy>
1949 with $NAME part removed. The content of the file is created by
1950 concatenating all files of the same name from all subdirectories of
1951 I<path-wo-name> found on the "server".
1955 Use Intel AMT technology for IDE redirection. This allows the target
1956 machine to boot from novaboot created ISO image. Implies B<--iso>.
1958 The experimental C<amtider> utility needed by this option can be
1959 obtained from https://github.com/wentasah/amtterm.
1963 =head2 Target power-on and reset phase
1965 At this point, the target is reset (or switched on/off). There are
1966 several ways how this can be accomplished. Resetting a physical target
1967 can currently be accomplished by the following options: B<--amt>,
1968 B<--iprelay>, B<--reset-cmd> and B<--reset-send>.
1974 Switch on/off the target machine and exit. The script (if any) is
1975 completely ignored. Currently, it works only with the following
1976 options: B<--iprelay>, B<--amt>, B<--ssh>.
1978 =item -Q, --qemu[=I<qemu-binary>]
1980 Boot the configuration in qemu. Optionally, the name of qemu binary
1981 can be specified as a parameter.
1983 =item --qemu-append=I<flags>
1985 Append I<flags> to the default qemu flags (QEMU_FLAGS variable or
1986 C<-cpu coreduo -smp 2>).
1988 =item -q, --qemu-flags=I<flags>
1990 Replace the default qemu flags (QEMU_FLAGS variable or C<-cpu coreduo
1991 -smp 2>) with I<flags> specified here.
1993 =item --reset-cmd=I<cmd>
1995 Runs command I<cmd> to reset the target.
1997 =item --reset-send=I<string>
1999 Reset the target by sending the given I<string> to the remote serial
2000 line. "\n" sequences are replaced with the newline character.
2002 =item --no-reset, --reset
2004 Disable/enable resetting of the target.
2008 =head2 Interaction with the bootloader on the target
2012 =item --uboot[=I<prompt>]
2014 Interact with U-Boot bootloader to boot the thing described in the
2015 novaboot script. I<prompt> specifies the U-Boot's prompt (default is
2016 "=> ", other common prompts are "U-Boot> " or "U-Boot# ").
2020 Disable U-Boot interaction previously enabled with B<--uboot>.
2022 =item --uboot-stop-key=I<key>
2024 Character, which is sent as a response to U-Boot's "Hit any key to
2025 stop autoboot" message. The default value is newline, but some devices
2026 (e.g. TP-Link TD-W8970) require a specific key to be pressed.
2030 Command(s) to send the U-Boot bootloader before loading the images and
2031 booting them. This option can be given multiple times. After sending
2032 commands from each option novaboot waits for U-Boot I<prompt>.
2034 If the command contains string I<$NB_MYIP> then this string is
2035 replaced by IPv4 address of eth0 interface (see also B<--netif>).
2036 Similarly, I<$NB_PREFIX> is replaced with prefix given by B<--prefix>.
2038 See also C<uboot> keyword in L</"NOVABOOT SCRIPT SYNTAX">).
2040 =item --uboot-addr I<name>=I<address>
2042 Load address of U-Boot's C<tftpboot> command for loading I<name>,
2043 where name is one of I<kernel>, I<ramdisk> or I<fdt> (flattened device
2046 The default addresses are ${I<name>_addr_r}, i.e. U-Boot environment
2047 variables used by convention for this purpose.
2049 =item --uboot-cmd=I<command>
2051 Specifies U-Boot command used to execute the OS. If the command
2052 contains strings C<$kernel_addr>, C<$ramdisk_addr>, C<$fdt_addr>,
2053 these are replaced with the addresses configured with B<--uboot-addr>.
2055 The default value is
2057 bootm $kernel_addr $ramdisk_addr $fdt_addr
2059 or the C<UBOOT_CMD> variable if defined in the novaboot script.
2063 =head2 Target interaction phase
2065 In this phase, target's serial output is redirected to stdout and if
2066 stdin is a TTY, it is redirected to the target's serial input allowing
2067 interactive work with the target.
2071 =item --exiton=I<string>
2073 When the I<string> is sent by the target, novaboot exits. This option can
2074 be specified multiple times, in which case novaboot exits whenever
2075 either of the specified strings is sent.
2077 If the I<string> is C<-re>, then the next B<--exiton>'s I<string> is
2078 treated as a regular expression. For example:
2080 --exiton -re --exiton 'error:.*failed'
2082 =item --exiton-re=I<regex>
2084 The same as --exiton -re --exiton I<regex>.
2086 =item --exiton-timeout=I<seconds>
2088 By default B<--exiton> waits for the string match forever. When this
2089 option is specified, "exiton" timeouts after the specified number of
2090 seconds and novaboot returns non-zero exit code.
2092 =item -i, --interactive
2094 Setup things for the interactive use of the target. Your terminal will
2095 be switched to raw mode. In raw mode, your local terminal does not
2096 process input in any way (no echoing of entered characters, no
2097 interpretation of special characters). This, among others, means that
2098 Ctrl-C is passed to the target and does not interrupt novaboot. To
2099 exit from novaboot interactive mode type "~~.".
2101 =item --no-interaction, --interaction
2103 Skip resp. force target interaction phase. When skipped, novaboot exits
2104 immediately after the boot is initiated.
2106 =item --expect=I<string>
2108 When the I<string> is received from the target, send the string specified
2109 with the subsequent B<--send*> option to the target.
2111 =item --expect-re=I<regex>
2113 When target's output matches regular expression I<regex>, send the
2114 string specified with the subsequent B<--send*> option to the target.
2116 =item --expect-raw=I<perl-code>
2118 Provides direct control over Perl's Expect module.
2120 =item --send=I<string>
2122 Send I<string> to the target after the previously specified
2123 B<--expect*> was matched in the target's output. The I<string> may
2124 contain escape sequences such as "\n".
2126 Note that I<string> is actually interpreted by Perl, so it can contain
2127 much more that escape sequences. This behavior may change in the
2130 Example: C<--expect='login: ' --send='root\n'>
2132 =item --sendcont=I<string>
2134 Similar to B<--send> but continue expecting more input.
2136 Example: C<--expect='Continue?' --sendcont='yes\n'>
2138 =item --final-eol, --no-final-eol
2140 By default, B<novaboot> always prints an end-of-line character at the
2141 end of its execution in order to ensure that the output of programs
2142 started after novaboot appears at the beginning of the line. When this
2143 is not desired B<--no-final-eol> option can be used to override this
2148 =head1 NOVABOOT SCRIPT SYNTAX
2150 The syntax tries to mimic POSIX shell syntax. The syntax is defined
2151 by the following rules.
2153 Lines starting with "#" and empty lines are ignored.
2155 Lines that end with "\" are concatenated with the following line after
2156 removal of the final "\" and leading whitespace of the following line.
2158 Lines of the form I<VARIABLE=...> (i.e. matching '^[A-Z_]+=' regular
2159 expression) assign values to internal variables. See L</VARIABLES>
2162 Otherwise, the first word on the line defines the meaning of the line.
2163 The following keywords are supported:
2169 These lines represent modules to boot. The
2170 word after C<load> is a file name (relative to the build directory
2171 (see B<--build-dir>) of the module to load and the remaining words are
2172 passed to it as the command line parameters.
2174 When booting Linux, the first C<load> line usually refers to the
2175 kernel image and its command line parameters (unless you use some
2176 special pre-loader). Other C<load> lines may refer to an initramfs
2177 image and/or a device tree blob. Their order is not important, as the
2178 device tree is recognized as the file name ending with C<.dtb>.
2180 When the C<load> line ends with "<<WORD" then the subsequent lines
2181 until the line containing solely WORD are copied literally to the file
2182 named on that line. This is similar to the heredoc feature of UNIX
2185 When the C<load> line ends with "< CMD" then command CMD is executed
2186 with F</bin/sh> and its standard output is stored in the file named on
2187 that line. The SRCDIR variable in CMD's environment is set to the
2188 absolute path of the directory containing the interpreted novaboot
2193 These lines are similar to C<load> lines. The
2194 file mentioned there is copied to the same place as in the case of C<load>
2195 (e.g. tftp server), but the file is not used in the bootloader
2196 configuration. Such a file can be used by the target for other
2197 purposes than booting, e.g. at OS runtime or for firmware update.
2201 Chainload another bootloader. Instead of loading multiboot modules
2202 identified with C<load> keyword, run another bootloader. This is
2203 currently supported only by pulsar and can be used to load e.g. Grub
2204 as in the example below:
2206 chld boot/grub/i386-pc/core.0
2211 Lines starting with C<run> keyword contain shell commands that are run
2212 during file generation phase. This is the same as the "< CMD" syntax
2213 for C<load> keyboard except that the command's output is not
2214 redirected to a file. The ordering of commands is the same as they
2215 appear in the novaboot script.
2219 These lines represent U-Boot commands that are sent to the target if
2220 B<--uboot> option is given. Having a U-Boot line in the novaboot
2221 script is the same as giving B<--uboot-init> option to novaboot. The
2222 following syntax variants are supported:
2225 uboot[:<timeout>] <string> [> <file>]
2226 uboot[:<timeout>] < <shell> [> <file>]
2228 C<string> is the literal U-Boot command.
2230 The C<uboot> keyword can be suffixed with timeout specification. The
2231 syntax is C<uboot:Ns>, where C<N> is the whole number of seconds. If
2232 the U-Boot command prompt does not appear before the timeout, novaboot
2233 fails. The default timeout is 10 seconds.
2235 In the second variant with the C<<> character the shell code is
2236 executed and its standard output is sent to U-Boot. Example:
2238 uboot < printf "mmc write \$loadaddr 1 %x" $(($(/usr/bin/stat -c%s rootfs.ext4) / 512))
2240 When C<E<gt> file> part is present, the output of the U-Boot command
2241 is written into the given file.
2247 #!/usr/bin/env novaboot
2248 load bzImage console=ttyS0,115200
2249 run make -C buildroot
2250 load rootfs.cpio < gen_cpio buildroot/images/rootfs.cpio "myapp->/etc/init.d/S99myapp"
2252 Example (NOVA User Land - NUL):
2254 #!/usr/bin/env novaboot
2255 WVDESC=Example program
2256 load bin/apps/sigma0.nul S0_DEFAULT script_start:1,1 \
2257 verbose hostkeyb:0,0x60,1,12,2
2258 load bin/apps/hello.nul
2259 load hello.nulconfig <<EOF
2260 sigma0::mem:16 name::/s0/log name::/s0/timer name::/s0/fs/rom ||
2261 rom://bin/apps/hello.nul
2264 This example will load three modules: F<sigma0.nul>, F<hello.nul> and
2265 F<hello.nulconfig>. sigma0 receives some command line parameters and
2266 F<hello.nulconfig> file is generated on the fly from the lines between
2267 C<<<EOF> and C<EOF>.
2269 Example (Zynq system update via U-Boot):
2271 #!/usr/bin/env novaboot
2275 # Write kernel to FAT filesystem on the 1st SD card partition
2276 run mkimage -f uboot-image.its image.ub
2278 uboot:60s tftpboot ${loadaddr} $NB_PREFIX/image.ub
2279 uboot fatwrite mmc 0:1 ${loadaddr} image.ub $filesize
2280 uboot set bootargs console=ttyPS0,115200 root=/dev/mmcblk0p2
2282 # Write root FS image to the 2nd SD card partition
2283 copy rootfs/images/rootfs.ext4
2284 uboot:60s tftpboot ${loadaddr} $NB_PREFIX/rootfs/images/rootfs.ext4
2285 uboot mmc part > mmc-part.txt
2286 uboot < printf "mmc write \$loadaddr %x %x" $(awk '{ if ($1 == "2") { print $2 }}' mmc-part.txt) $(($(/usr/bin/stat -L --printf=%s rootfs/images/rootfs.ext4) / 512))
2293 The following variables are interpreted in the novaboot script:
2299 Specifies the way GRUB2 boots the kernel. For kernels with multiboot
2300 support use C<multiboot> method (the default). For Linux kernel use C<linux> method.
2304 Novaboot chdir()s to this directory before file generation phase. The
2305 directory name specified here is relative to the build directory
2306 specified by other means (see L</--build-dir>).
2310 Assigning this variable has the same effect as specifying L</--exiton>
2315 Setting this variable to zero is the same as giving
2316 L</--no-interaction>, specifying to one corresponds to
2319 =item HYPERVISOR_PARAMS
2321 Parameters passed to the hypervisor. The default value is "serial", unless
2322 overridden in the configuration file.
2326 The kernel to use instead of the hypervisor specified in the
2327 configuration file with the C<$hypervisor> variable. The value should
2328 contain the name of the kernel image as well as its command line
2329 parameters. If this variable is defined and non-empty, the variable
2330 HYPERVISOR_PARAMS is not used.
2334 If this variable is 1, the system is not booted. This is currently
2335 only implemented for U-Boot bootloader where it is useful for
2336 interacting with the bootloader without booting the system - e.g. for
2341 Use a specific qemu binary (can be overridden with B<-Q>) and flags
2342 when booting this script under qemu. If QEMU_FLAGS variable is also
2343 specified flags specified in QEMU variable are replaced by those in
2348 Use specific qemu flags (can be overridden with B<-q>).
2352 See L</--uboot-cmd>.
2356 Description of the WvTest-compliant program.
2358 =item WVTEST_TIMEOUT
2360 The timeout in seconds for WvTest harness. If no complete line appears
2361 in the test output within the time specified here, the test fails. It
2362 is necessary to specify this for long running tests that produce no
2363 intermediate output.
2367 =head1 CONFIGURATION FILES
2369 Novaboot can read its configuration from one or more files. By
2370 default, novaboot looks for files in F</etc/novaboot.d>, file
2371 F<~/.config/novaboot> and files named F<.novaboot> as described in
2372 L</Configuration reading phase>. Alternatively, configuration file
2373 location can be specified with the B<-c> switch or with the
2374 NOVABOOT_CONFIG environment variable. The configuration file has Perl
2375 syntax (i.e. it is better to put C<1;> as the last line) and should set
2376 values of certain Perl variables. The current configuration can be
2377 dumped with the B<--dump-config> switch. Some configuration variables
2378 can be overridden by environment variables (see below) or by command
2381 Supported configuration variables include:
2387 Build directory location relative to the location of the configuration
2390 =item $default_target
2392 Default target (see below) to use when no target is explicitly
2393 specified with the B<--target> command line option or
2394 B<NOVABOOT_TARGET> environment variable.
2398 Default value for the B<--netif> option. If not specified, it defaults
2403 Hash of target definitions to be used with the B<--target> option. The
2404 key is the identifier of the target, the value is the string with
2405 command line options. For instance, if the configuration file contains:
2407 $targets{'mybox'} = '--copy=boot:/tftproot --serial=/dev/ttyUSB0 --grub',
2409 then the following two commands are equivalent:
2411 ./myos --copy=boot:/tftproot --serial=/dev/ttyUSB0 --grub
2416 =head1 ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
2418 Some options can be specified not only via config file or command line
2419 but also through environment variables. Environment variables override
2420 the values from the configuration file and command line parameters
2421 override the environment variables.
2425 =item NOVABOOT_CONFIG
2427 Name of the novaboot configuration file to use instead of the default
2430 =item NOVABOOT_CONFIG_DIR
2432 Name of the novaboot configuration directory. When not specified
2433 F</etc/novaboot.d> is used.
2435 =item NOVABOOT_TARGET
2437 Name of the novaboot target to use. This overrides the value of
2438 B<$default_target> from the configuration file and can be overridden
2439 with the B<--target> command line option.
2441 =item NOVABOOT_BENDER
2443 Defining this variable has the same effect as using B<--bender>
2450 Michal Sojka <sojka@os.inf.tu-dresden.de>
2452 Latest novaboot version can be found at
2453 L<https://github.com/wentasah/novaboot>.
2457 # LocalWords: novaboot Novaboot NOVABOOT TFTP PXE DHCP filename stty
2458 # LocalWords: chainloader stdout Qemu qemu preprocessing ISOLINUX bootable
2459 # LocalWords: config subprocesses sudo sudoers tftp dhcp IDE stdin
2460 # LocalWords: subdirectories TTY whitespace heredoc POSIX WvTest