3 # This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
4 # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
5 # the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or
6 # (at your option) any later version.
8 # This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
9 # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
10 # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
11 # GNU General Public License for more details.
13 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
14 # along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
18 use warnings (exists $ENV{NOVABOOT_TEST} ? (FATAL => 'all') : ());
19 use Getopt::Long qw(GetOptionsFromString);
24 use Time::HiRes("usleep");
28 use POSIX qw(:errno_h);
29 use Cwd qw(getcwd abs_path);
35 my $invocation_dir = $ENV{PWD} || getcwd();
37 ## Configuration file handling
39 # Default configuration
40 $CFG::hypervisor = "";
41 $CFG::hypervisor_params = "serial";
42 $CFG::genisoimage = "genisoimage";
43 $CFG::qemu = 'qemu -cpu coreduo -smp 2';
44 $CFG::default_target = 'qemu';
47 "tud" => '--server=erwin.inf.tu-dresden.de:~sojka/boot/novaboot --rsync-flags="--chmod=Dg+s,ug+w,o-w,+rX --rsync-path=\"umask 002 && rsync\"" --grub --grub-prefix=(nd)/tftpboot/sojka/novaboot --grub-preamble="timeout 0" --concat --iprelay=141.76.48.80:2324 --scriptmod=s/\\\\bhostserial\\\\b/hostserialpci/g',
48 "novabox" => '--server=rtime.felk.cvut.cz:/srv/tftp/novaboot --rsync-flags="--chmod=Dg+s,ug+w,o-w,+rX --rsync-path=\"umask 002 && rsync\"" --pulsar --iprelay=147.32.86.92:2324',
49 "localhost" => '--scriptmod=s/console=tty[A-Z0-9,]+// --server=/boot/novaboot/$NAME --grub2 --grub-prefix=/boot/novaboot/$NAME --grub2-prolog=" set root=\'(hd0,msdos1)\'"',
50 "ryuglab" => '--server=pc-sojkam.felk.cvut.cz:/srv/tftp --uboot --uboot-init="mw f0000b00 \${psc_cfg}; sleep 1" --remote-cmd="ssh -t pc-sojkam.felk.cvut.cz \"cu -l /dev/ttyUSB0 -s 115200\"" --remote-expect="Connected." --reset-cmd="ssh -t pc-sojkam.felk.cvut.cz \"dtrrts /dev/ttyUSB0 1 1\""',
51 "ryulocal" => '--dhcp-tftp --serial --uboot --uboot-init="dhcp; mw f0000b00 \${psc_cfg}; sleep 1" --reset-cmd="if which dtrrts; then dtrrts $NB_SERIAL 0 1; sleep 0.1; dtrrts $NB_SERIAL 1 1; fi"',
54 chomp(my $nproc = `nproc`);
55 $CFG::scons = "scons -j$nproc";
56 $CFG::make = "make -j$nproc";
63 package CFG; # Put config data into a separate namespace
68 die("ERROR: Failure compiling '$cfg' - $@");
69 } elsif (! defined($rc)) {
70 die("ERROR: Failure reading '$cfg' - $!");
72 die("ERROR: Failure processing '$cfg'");
75 $builddir = File::Spec->rel2abs($CFG::builddir, dirname($cfg)) if defined $CFG::builddir;
76 print STDERR "novaboot: Read $cfg\n";
81 # We don't use $0 here, because it points to the novaboot itself and
82 # not to the novaboot script. The problem with this approach is that
83 # when a script is run as "novaboot <options> <script>" then $ARGV[0]
84 # contains the first option. Hence the -f check.
85 my $dir = File::Spec->rel2abs($ARGV[0] && -f $ARGV[0] ? dirname($ARGV[0]) : '', $invocation_dir);
86 while ((-d $dir || -l $dir ) && $dir ne "/") {
87 push @cfgs, "$dir/.novaboot" if -r "$dir/.novaboot";
88 my @dirs = File::Spec->splitdir($dir);
89 $dir = File::Spec->catdir(@dirs[0..$#dirs-1]);
92 my $cfg = $ENV{'NOVABOOT_CONFIG'};
93 Getopt::Long::Configure(qw/no_ignore_case pass_through/);
94 GetOptions ("config|c=s" => \$cfg);
95 read_config($_) foreach $cfg or reverse @cfgs;
97 ## Command line handling
100 GetOptions ("target|t=s" => \$explicit_target);
102 my (@append, $bender, @chainloaders, $concat, $config_name_opt, $dhcp_tftp, $dump_opt, $dump_config, @exiton, @expect_raw, $gen_only, $grub_config, $grub_prefix, $grub_preamble, $grub2_prolog, $grub2_config, $help, $iprelay, $iso_image, $interactive, $kernel_opt, $make, $man, $no_file_gen, $off_opt, $on_opt, $pulsar, $pulsar_root, $qemu, $qemu_append, $qemu_flags_cmd, $remote_cmd, $remote_expect, $reset_cmd, $rom_prefix, $rsync_flags, @scriptmod, $scons, $serial, $server, $stty, $uboot, $uboot_init);
105 $rom_prefix = 'rom://';
106 $stty = 'raw -crtscts -onlcr 115200';
108 my @expect_seen = ();
112 push(@expect_seen, '-re') if $n eq "expect-re";
113 push(@expect_seen, $v);
119 unless (@expect_seen) { die("No --expect before --send"); }
120 my $ret = ($n eq "sendcont") ? exp_continue : 0;
121 unshift(@expect_raw, sub { shift->send(eval("\"$v\"")); $ret; });
122 unshift(@expect_raw, @expect_seen);
126 Getopt::Long::Configure(qw/no_ignore_case no_pass_through/);
129 "append|a=s" => \@append,
130 "bender|b" => \$bender,
131 "build-dir=s" => sub { my ($n, $v) = @_; $builddir = File::Spec->rel2abs($v); },
132 "concat" => \$concat,
133 "chainloader=s" => \@chainloaders,
134 "dhcp-tftp|d" => \$dhcp_tftp,
135 "dump" => \$dump_opt,
136 "dump-config" => \$dump_config,
137 "exiton=s" => \@exiton,
138 "expect=s" => \&handle_expect,
139 "expect-re=s" => \&handle_expect,
140 "expect-raw=s" => sub { my ($n, $v) = @_; unshift(@expect_raw, eval($v)); },
141 "gen-only" => \$gen_only,
142 "grub|g:s" => \$grub_config,
143 "grub-preamble=s"=> \$grub_preamble,
144 "grub-prefix=s" => \$grub_prefix,
145 "grub2:s" => \$grub2_config,
146 "grub2-prolog=s" => \$grub2_prolog,
147 "iprelay=s" => \$iprelay,
148 "iso:s" => \$iso_image,
149 "kernel|k=s" => \$kernel_opt,
150 "interactive|i" => \$interactive,
151 "name=s" => \$config_name_opt,
152 "make|m:s" => \$make,
153 "no-file-gen" => \$no_file_gen,
156 "pulsar|p:s" => \$pulsar,
157 "pulsar-root=s" => \$pulsar_root,
158 "qemu|Q:s" => \$qemu,
159 "qemu-append=s" => \$qemu_append,
160 "qemu-flags|q=s" => \$qemu_flags_cmd,
161 "remote-cmd=s" => \$remote_cmd,
162 "remote-expect=s"=> \$remote_expect,
163 "reset-cmd=s" => \$reset_cmd,
164 "rsync-flags=s" => \$rsync_flags,
165 "scons:s" => \$scons,
166 "scriptmod=s" => \@scriptmod,
167 "send=s" => \&handle_send,
168 "sendcont=s" => \&handle_send,
169 "serial|s:s" => \$serial,
170 "server:s" => \$server,
171 "strip-rom" => sub { $rom_prefix = ''; },
174 "uboot-init=s" => \$uboot_init,
179 # First process target options
181 my $t = defined($explicit_target) ? $explicit_target : $CFG::default_target;
183 exists $CFG::targets{$t} or die("Unknown target '$t' (valid targets are: ".join(", ", sort keys(%CFG::targets)).")");
184 GetOptionsFromString($CFG::targets{$t}, %opt_spec);
188 # Then process other command line options - some of them may override
189 # what was specified by the target
190 GetOptions %opt_spec or die("Error in command line arguments");
191 pod2usage(1) if $help;
192 pod2usage(-exitstatus => 0, -verbose => 2) if $man;
194 ### Dump sanitized configuration (if requested)
198 $Data::Dumper::Indent=1;
199 print "# This file is in perl syntax.\n";
200 foreach my $key(sort(keys(%CFG::))) { # See "Symbol Tables" in perlmod(1)
201 if (defined ${$CFG::{$key}}) { print Data::Dumper->Dump([${$CFG::{$key}}], ["*$key"]); }
202 if ( @{$CFG::{$key}}) { print Data::Dumper->Dump([\@{$CFG::{$key}}], ["*$key"]); }
203 if ( %{$CFG::{$key}}) { print Data::Dumper->Dump([\%{$CFG::{$key}}], ["*$key"]); }
209 ### Sanitize configuration
211 if ($interactive && !-t STDIN) {
212 die("novaboot: Interactive mode not supported when not on terminal");
215 if (defined $config_name_opt && scalar(@ARGV) > 1) { die "You cannot use --name with multiple scripts"; }
218 if (defined $serial) {
219 $serial ||= "/dev/ttyUSB0";
220 $ENV{NB_SERIAL} = $serial;
222 if (defined $grub_config) { $grub_config ||= "menu.lst"; }
223 if (defined $grub2_config) { $grub2_config ||= "grub.cfg"; }
225 ## Parse the novaboot script(s)
230 my ($modules, $variables, $generated, $continuation);
232 if ($ARGV ne $last_fn) { # New script
233 die "Missing EOF in $last_fn" if $file;
234 die "Unfinished line in $last_fn" if $continuation;
236 push @scripts, { 'filename' => $ARGV,
237 'modules' => $modules = [],
238 'variables' => $variables = {},
239 'generated' => $generated = []};
243 next if /^#/ || /^\s*$/; # Skip comments and empty lines
245 $_ =~ s/^[[:space:]]*// if ($continuation);
247 if (/\\$/) { # Line continuation
248 $continuation .= substr($_, 0, length($_)-1);
252 if ($continuation) { # Last continuation line
253 $_ = $continuation . $_;
257 foreach my $mod(@scriptmod) { eval $mod; }
259 if (/^([A-Z_]+)=(.*)$/) { # Internal variable
260 $$variables{$1} = $2;
261 push(@exiton, $2) if ($1 eq "EXITON");
264 if (s/^load *//) { # Load line
265 if (/^([^ ]*)(.*?)[[:space:]]*<<([^ ]*)$/) { # Heredoc start
266 push @$modules, "$1$2";
268 push @$generated, {filename => $1, content => $file};
272 if (/^([^ ]*)(.*?)[[:space:]]*< ?(.*)$/) { # Command substitution
273 push @$modules, "$1$2";
274 push @$generated, {filename => $1, command => $3};
280 if ($file && $_ eq $EOF) { # Heredoc end
284 if ($file) { # Heredoc content
285 push @{$file}, "$_\n";
289 die("novaboot: Cannot parse script '$last_fn' line $.. Didn't you forget 'load' keyword?\n");
292 # print Dumper(\@scripts);
294 foreach my $script (@scripts) {
295 $modules = $$script{modules};
296 @$modules[0] =~ s/^[^ ]*/$kernel_opt/ if $kernel_opt;
297 @$modules[0] .= ' ' . join(' ', @append) if @append;
300 if (exists $variables->{KERNEL}) {
301 $kernel = $variables->{KERNEL};
303 if ($CFG::hypervisor) {
304 $kernel = $CFG::hypervisor . " ";
305 if (exists $variables->{HYPERVISOR_PARAMS}) {
306 $kernel .= $variables->{HYPERVISOR_PARAMS};
308 $kernel .= $CFG::hypervisor_params;
312 @$modules = ($kernel, @$modules) if $kernel;
313 @$modules = (@chainloaders, @$modules);
314 @$modules = ("bin/boot/bender", @$modules) if ($bender || defined $ENV{'NOVABOOT_BENDER'});
318 foreach my $script (@scripts) {
319 print join("\n", @{$$script{modules}})."\n";
326 sub generate_configs($$$) {
327 my ($base, $generated, $filename) = @_;
328 if ($base) { $base = "$base/"; };
329 foreach my $g(@$generated) {
330 if (exists $$g{content}) {
331 my $config = $$g{content};
332 my $fn = $$g{filename};
333 open(my $f, '>', $fn) || die("$fn: $!");
334 map { s|\brom://([^ ]*)|$rom_prefix$base$1|g; print $f "$_"; } @{$config};
336 print "novaboot: Created $fn\n";
337 } elsif (exists $$g{command} && ! $no_file_gen) {
338 $ENV{SRCDIR} = dirname(File::Spec->rel2abs( $filename, $invocation_dir ));
339 system_verbose("( $$g{command} ) > $$g{filename}");
344 sub generate_grub_config($$$$;$)
346 my ($filename, $title, $base, $modules_ref, $preamble) = @_;
347 if ($base) { $base = "$base/"; };
348 open(my $fg, '>', $filename) or die "$filename: $!";
349 print $fg "$preamble\n" if $preamble;
350 print $fg "title $title\n" if $title;
351 #print $fg "root $base\n"; # root doesn't really work for (nd)
353 foreach (@$modules_ref) {
356 my ($kbin, $kcmd) = split(' ', $_, 2);
357 $kcmd = '' if !defined $kcmd;
358 print $fg "kernel ${base}$kbin $kcmd\n";
360 s|\brom://([^ ]*)|$rom_prefix$base$1|g; # Translate rom:// files - needed for vdisk parameter of sigma0
361 print $fg "module $base$_\n";
365 print("novaboot: Created $builddir/$filename\n");
369 sub generate_grub2_config($$$$;$$)
371 my ($filename, $title, $base, $modules_ref, $preamble, $prolog) = @_;
372 if ($base && substr($base,-1,1) ne '/') { $base = "$base/"; };
373 open(my $fg, '>', $filename) or die "$filename: $!";
374 print $fg "$preamble\n" if $preamble;
375 $title ||= 'novaboot';
376 print $fg "menuentry $title {\n";
377 print $fg "$prolog\n" if $prolog;
379 foreach (@$modules_ref) {
382 my ($kbin, $kcmd) = split(' ', $_, 2);
383 $kcmd = '' if !defined $kcmd;
384 print $fg " multiboot ${base}$kbin $kcmd\n";
387 # GRUB2 doesn't pass filename in multiboot info so we have to duplicate it here
388 $_ = join(' ', ($args[0], @args));
389 s|\brom://|$rom_prefix|g; # We do not need to translate path for GRUB2
390 print $fg " module $base$_\n";
395 print("novaboot: Created $builddir/$filename\n");
399 sub generate_pulsar_config($$)
401 my ($filename, $modules_ref) = @_;
402 open(my $fg, '>', $filename) or die "$filename: $!";
403 print $fg "root $pulsar_root\n" if defined $pulsar_root;
406 foreach (@$modules_ref) {
409 ($kbin, $kcmd) = split(' ', $_, 2);
410 $kcmd = '' if !defined $kcmd;
413 s|\brom://|$rom_prefix|g;
414 print $fg "load $_\n";
417 # Put kernel as last - this is needed for booting Linux and has no influence on non-Linux OSes
418 print $fg "exec $kbin $kcmd\n";
420 print("novaboot: Created $builddir/$filename\n");
424 sub shell_cmd_string(@)
426 return join(' ', map((/^[-_=a-zA-Z0-9\/\.\+]+$/ ? "$_" : "'$_'"), @_));
431 print "novaboot: Running: ".shell_cmd_string(@_)."\n";
435 sub system_verbose($)
438 print "novaboot: Running: $cmd\n";
439 my $ret = system($cmd);
440 if ($ret & 0x007f) { die("Command terminated by a signal"); }
441 if ($ret & 0xff00) {die("Command exit with non-zero exit code"); }
442 if ($ret) { die("Command failure $ret"); }
447 if (exists $variables->{WVDESC}) {
448 print "Testing \"$variables->{WVDESC}\" in $last_fn:\n";
449 } elsif ($last_fn =~ /\.wv$/) {
450 print "Testing \"all\" in $last_fn:\n";
453 ## Connect to the target and check whether is not occupied
455 # We have to do this before file generation phase, because file
456 # generation is intermixed with file deployment phase and we want to
457 # check whether the target is not used by somebody else before
458 # deploying files. Otherwise, we may rewrite other user's files on a
461 my $exp; # Expect object to communicate with the target over serial line
463 my ($target_reset, $target_power_on, $target_power_off);
465 if (defined $iprelay) {
467 $iprelay =~ /([.0-9]+)(:([0-9]+))?/;
470 my $paddr = sockaddr_in($port, inet_aton($addr));
471 my $proto = getprotobyname('tcp');
472 socket($IPRELAY, PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, $proto) || die "socket: $!";
473 print "novaboot: Connecting to IP relay... ";
474 connect($IPRELAY, $paddr) || die "connect: $!";
476 $exp = Expect->init(\*$IPRELAY);
480 print $exp "\xFF\xF6"; # AYT
481 my $connected = $exp->expect(20, # Timeout in seconds
482 '<iprelayd: connected>',
483 '-re', '<WEB51 HW[^>]*>');
488 my ($relay, $onoff) = @_;
489 die unless ($relay == 1 || $relay == 2);
491 my $cmd = ($relay == 1 ? 0x5 : 0x6) | ($onoff ? 0x20 : 0x10);
492 return "\xFF\xFA\x2C\x32".chr($cmd)."\xFF\xF0";
496 my ($relay, $onoff) = @_;
497 die unless ($relay == 1 || $relay == 2);
498 my $cmd = ($relay == 1 ? 0xdf : 0xbf) | ($onoff ? 0x00 : 0xff);
499 return "\xFF\xFA\x2C\x97".chr($cmd)."\xFF\xF0";
503 my ($relay, $onoff, $can_giveup) = @_;
504 my $confirmation = '';
506 print $exp relaycmd($relay, $onoff);
507 my $confirmed = $exp->expect(20, # Timeout in seconds
508 relayconf($relay, $onoff));
511 print("Relay confirmation timeout - ignoring\n");
513 die "Relay confirmation timeout";
519 $target_reset = sub {
520 relay(2, 1, 1); # Reset the machine
525 $target_power_off = sub {
526 relay(1, 1); # Press power button
527 usleep(6000000); # Long press to switch off
531 $target_power_on = sub {
532 relay(1, 1); # Press power button
533 usleep(100000); # Short press
539 system_verbose("stty -F $serial $stty");
540 open($CONN, "+<", $serial) || die "open $serial: $!";
541 $exp = Expect->init(\*$CONN);
542 } elsif ($remote_cmd) {
543 print "novaboot: Running: $remote_cmd\n";
544 $exp = Expect->spawn($remote_cmd);
547 if ($remote_expect) {
548 $exp->expect(10, $remote_expect) || die "Expect for '$remote_expect' timed out";
551 if (defined $reset_cmd) {
552 $target_reset = sub {
553 system_verbose($reset_cmd);
557 if (defined $on_opt && defined $target_power_on) {
561 if (defined $off_opt && defined $target_power_off) {
562 print "novaboot: Switching the target off...\n";
563 &$target_power_off();
567 $builddir ||= dirname(File::Spec->rel2abs( ${$scripts[0]}{filename})) if scalar @scripts;
568 if (defined $builddir) {
569 chdir($builddir) or die "Can't change directory to $builddir: $!";
570 print "novaboot: Entering directory `$builddir'\n";
573 ## File generation phase
574 my (%files_iso, $menu_iso, $filename);
575 my $config_name = '';
577 foreach my $script (@scripts) {
578 $filename = $$script{filename};
579 $modules = $$script{modules};
580 $generated = $$script{generated};
581 $variables = $$script{variables};
583 ($config_name = $filename) =~ s#.*/##;
584 $config_name = $config_name_opt if (defined $config_name_opt);
586 if (exists $variables->{BUILDDIR}) {
587 $builddir = File::Spec->rel2abs($variables->{BUILDDIR});
588 chdir($builddir) or die "Can't change directory to $builddir: $!";
589 print "novaboot: Entering directory `$builddir'\n";
593 ($prefix = $grub_prefix) =~ s/\$NAME/$config_name/ if defined $grub_prefix;
594 $prefix ||= $builddir;
595 # TODO: use $grub_prefix as first parameter if some switch is given
596 generate_configs('', $generated, $filename);
598 ### Generate bootloader configuration files
599 my @bootloader_configs;
600 push @bootloader_configs, generate_grub_config($grub_config, $config_name, $prefix, $modules, $grub_preamble) if (defined $grub_config);
601 push @bootloader_configs, generate_grub2_config($grub2_config, $config_name, $prefix, $modules, $grub_preamble, $grub2_prolog) if (defined $grub2_config);
602 push @bootloader_configs, generate_pulsar_config('config-'.($pulsar||'novaboot'), $modules) if (defined $pulsar);
604 ### Run scons or make
606 my @files = map({ ($file) = m/([^ ]*)/; $file; } @$modules);
607 # Filter-out generated files
608 my @to_build = grep({ my $file = $_; !scalar(grep($file eq $$_{filename}, @$generated)) } @files);
610 system_verbose($scons || $CFG::scons." ".join(" ", @to_build)) if (defined $scons);
611 system_verbose($make || $CFG::make ." ".join(" ", @to_build)) if (defined $make);
614 ### Copy files (using rsync)
615 if (defined $server && !defined($gen_only)) {
616 (my $real_server = $server) =~ s/\$NAME/$config_name/;
618 my ($hostname, $path) = split(":", $real_server, 2);
619 if (! defined $path) {
623 my $files = join(" ", map({ ($file) = m/([^ ]*)/; $file; } ( @$modules, @bootloader_configs)));
624 map({ my $file = (split)[0]; die "$file: $!" if ! -f $file; } @$modules);
625 my $istty = -t STDOUT && ($ENV{'TERM'} || 'dumb') ne 'dumb';
626 my $progress = $istty ? "--progress" : "";
627 system_verbose("rsync $progress -RLp $rsync_flags $files $real_server");
628 if ($server =~ m|/\$NAME$| && $concat) {
629 my $cmd = join("; ", map { "( cd $path/.. && cat */$_ > $_ )" } @bootloader_configs);
630 system_verbose($hostname ? "ssh $hostname '$cmd'" : $cmd);
634 ### Prepare ISO image generation
635 if (defined $iso_image) {
636 generate_configs("(cd)", $generated, $filename);
638 generate_grub_config(\$menu, $config_name, "(cd)", $modules);
639 $menu_iso .= "$menu\n";
640 map { ($file,undef) = split; $files_iso{$file} = 1; } @$modules;
644 ## Generate ISO image
645 if (defined $iso_image) {
646 open(my $fh, ">menu-iso.lst");
647 print $fh "timeout 5\n\n$menu_iso";
649 my $files = "boot/grub/menu.lst=menu-iso.lst " . join(" ", map("$_=$_", keys(%files_iso)));
650 $iso_image ||= "$config_name.iso";
651 system_verbose("$CFG::genisoimage -R -b stage2_eltorito -no-emul-boot -boot-load-size 4 -boot-info-table -hide-rr-moved -J -joliet-long -o $iso_image -graft-points bin/boot/grub/ $files");
652 print("ISO image created: $builddir/$iso_image\n");
655 exit(0) if defined $gen_only;
657 ## Boot the system using various methods and send serial output to stdout
659 if (scalar(@scripts) > 1 && ( defined $dhcp_tftp || defined $serial || defined $iprelay)) {
660 die "You cannot do this with multiple scripts simultaneously";
663 if ($variables->{WVTEST_TIMEOUT}) {
664 print "wvtest: timeout ", $variables->{WVTEST_TIMEOUT}, "\n";
669 $str =~ s/^\s+|\s+$//g;
677 $qemu ||= $variables->{QEMU} || $CFG::qemu;
678 my @qemu_flags = split(" ", $qemu);
679 $qemu = shift(@qemu_flags);
681 @qemu_flags = split(/ +/, trim($variables->{QEMU_FLAGS})) if exists $variables->{QEMU_FLAGS};
682 @qemu_flags = split(/ +/, trim($qemu_flags_cmd)) if $qemu_flags_cmd;
683 push(@qemu_flags, split(/ +/, trim($qemu_append || '')));
685 if (defined $iso_image) {
686 # Boot NOVA with grub (and test the iso image)
687 push(@qemu_flags, ('-cdrom', "$config_name.iso"));
689 # Boot NOVA without GRUB
691 # Non-patched qemu doesn't like commas, but NUL can live with pluses instead of commans
692 foreach (@$modules) {s/,/+/g;}
693 generate_configs("", $generated, $filename);
695 if (scalar @$modules) {
696 my ($kbin, $kcmd) = split(' ', shift(@$modules), 2);
697 $kcmd = '' if !defined $kcmd;
699 @$modules = map { if (/\.dtb$/) { $dtb=$_; (); } else { $_ } } @$modules;
700 my $initrd = join ",", @$modules;
702 push(@qemu_flags, ('-kernel', $kbin, '-append', $kcmd));
703 push(@qemu_flags, ('-initrd', $initrd)) if $initrd;
704 push(@qemu_flags, ('-dtb', $dtb)) if $dtb;
707 push(@qemu_flags, qw(-serial stdio)); # Redirect serial output (for collecting test restuls)
708 unshift(@qemu_flags, ('-name', $config_name));
709 print "novaboot: Running: ".shell_cmd_string($qemu, @qemu_flags)."\n";
710 $exp = Expect->spawn(($qemu, @qemu_flags)) || die("exec() failed: $!");
713 ### Local DHCPD and TFTPD
715 my ($dhcpd_pid, $tftpd_pid);
717 if (defined $dhcp_tftp)
719 generate_configs("(nd)", $generated, $filename);
720 system_verbose('mkdir -p tftpboot');
721 generate_grub_config("tftpboot/os-menu.lst", $config_name, "(nd)", \@$modules, "timeout 0");
722 open(my $fh, '>', 'dhcpd.conf');
723 my $mac = `cat /sys/class/net/eth0/address`;
725 print $fh "subnet 10.23.23.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
726 range 10.23.23.10 10.23.23.100;
727 filename \"bin/boot/grub/pxegrub.pxe\";
728 next-server 10.23.23.1;
731 hardware ethernet $mac;
732 fixed-address 10.23.23.1;
735 system_verbose("sudo ip a add 10.23.23.1/24 dev eth0;
736 sudo ip l set dev eth0 up;
737 sudo touch dhcpd.leases");
739 # We run servers by forking ourselves, because the servers end up
740 # in our process group and get killed by signals sent to the
741 # process group (e.g. Ctrl-C on terminal).
743 exec_verbose("sudo dhcpd -d -cf dhcpd.conf -lf dhcpd.leases -pf dhcpd.pid") if ($dhcpd_pid == 0);
745 exec_verbose("sudo in.tftpd --foreground --secure -v -v -v --pidfile tftpd.pid $builddir") if ($tftpd_pid == 0);
747 # Kill server when we die
748 $SIG{__DIE__} = sub { system_verbose('sudo pkill --pidfile=dhcpd.pid');
749 system_verbose('sudo pkill --pidfile=tftpd.pid'); };
752 ### Serial line or IP relay
754 if (defined $target_reset) {
755 print "novaboot: Reseting the test box... ";
760 if (defined $uboot) {
761 print "novaboot: Waiting for uBoot prompt...\n";
763 #$exp->exp_internal(1);
765 [qr/Hit any key to stop autoboot:/, sub { $exp->send("\n"); exp_continue; }],
766 '=> ') || die "No uBoot prompt deteceted";
767 $exp->send("$uboot_init\n") if $uboot_init;
768 $exp->expect(10, '=> ') || die "uBoot prompt timeout";
770 my ($kbin, $kcmd) = split(' ', shift(@$modules), 2);
772 @$modules = map { if (/\.dtb$/) { $dtb=$_; (); } else { $_ } } @$modules;
773 my $initrd = shift @$modules;
775 my $kern_addr = '800000';
776 my $initrd_addr = '-';
779 $exp->send("tftp $kern_addr $kbin\n");
781 [qr/#/, sub { exp_continue; }],
782 '=> ') || die "Kernel load failed";
784 $dtb_addr = '7f0000';
785 $exp->send("tftp $dtb_addr $dtb\n");
787 [qr/#/, sub { exp_continue; }],
788 '=> ') || die "Device tree load failed";
790 if (defined $initrd) {
791 $initrd_addr = 'b00000';
792 $exp->send("tftp $initrd_addr $initrd\n");
794 [qr/#/, sub { exp_continue; }],
795 '=> ') || die "Initrd load failed";
797 $exp->send("set bootargs '$kcmd'\n");
798 $exp->expect(5, '=> ') || die "uBoot prompt timeout";
799 $exp->send("bootm $kern_addr $initrd_addr $dtb_addr\n");
800 $exp->expect(5, "\n") || die "uBoot command timeout";
804 # Serial line of the target is available
805 my $interrupt = 'Ctrl-C';
806 if ($interactive && !@exiton) {
807 $interrupt = '"~~."';
809 print "novaboot: Serial line interaction (press $interrupt to interrupt)...\n";
812 $exp->expect(undef, @expect_raw, @exiton);
815 if (-t STDIN) { # Set up bi-directional communication if we run on terminal
816 my $infile = new IO::File;
817 $infile->IO::File::fdopen(*STDIN,'r');
818 my $in_object = Expect->exp_init($infile);
819 $in_object->set_group($exp);
822 $in_object->set_seq('~~\.', sub { print "novaboot: Escape sequence detected\r\n"; undef; });
823 $in_object->manual_stty(0); # Use raw terminal mode
825 $in_object->manual_stty(1); # Do not modify terminal settings
827 push(@inputs, $in_object);
830 #print Dumper(\@expect_raw);
831 $exp->expect(undef, @expect_raw) if @expect_raw;
832 Expect::interconnect(@inputs) unless defined($exp->exitstatus);
836 ## Kill dhcpc or tftpd
837 if (defined $dhcp_tftp) {
838 die("novaboot: This should kill servers on background\n");
845 novaboot - A tool for booting various operating systems on various hardware or in qemu
851 B<novaboot> [option]... [--] script...
853 B<./script> [option]...
857 This program makes it easier to boot NOVA or other operating system
858 (OS) on different targets (machines or emulators). It reads a so
859 called novaboot script, that specifies the boot configuration, and
860 setups the target to boot that configuration. Setting up the target
861 means to generate the bootloader configuration files, deploy the
862 binaries and other needed files to proper locations, perhaps on a
863 remote boot server and reset the target. Then, target's serial output
864 is redirected to standard output if that is possible.
866 A typical way of using novaboot is to make the novaboot script
867 executable and set its first line to I<#!/usr/bin/env novaboot>. Then,
868 booting a particular OS configuration becomes the same as executing a
869 local program - the novaboot script.
871 For example, with C<novaboot> you can:
877 Run an OS in Qemu. This is the default action when no other action is
878 specified by command line switches. Thus running C<novaboot ./script>
879 (or C<./script> as described above) will run Qemu and make it boot the
880 configuration specified in the I<script>.
884 Create a bootloader configuration file (currently supported
885 bootloaders are GRUB, GRUB2, Pulsar and uBoot) and copy it with all
886 other files needed for booting to another, perhaps remote, location.
888 ./script --server=192.168.1.1:/tftp --iprelay=192.168.1.2
890 This command copies files to the TFTP server and uses
891 TCP/IP-controlled relay to reset the test box and receive its serial
896 Run DHCP and TFTP server on developer's machine to PXE-boot the OS
901 When a PXE-bootable machine is connected via Ethernet to developer's
902 machine, it will boot the configuration described in I<script>.
906 Create bootable ISO images. E.g.
908 novaboot --iso -- script1 script2
910 The created ISO image will have GRUB bootloader installed on it and
911 the boot menu will allow selecting between I<script1> and I<script2>
916 Note that the options needed for a specific target can be stored in a
917 L</"CONFIGURATION FILE"> and then it is sufficient to use only the
918 B<-t> option to specify the name of the target.
920 =head1 PHASES AND OPTIONS
922 Novaboot performs its work in several phases. Each phase can be
923 influenced by several options, certain phases can be skipped. The list
924 of phases (in the execution order) and the corresponding options
927 =head2 Configuration reading phase
929 After starting, novaboot reads configuration files. By default, it
930 searches for files named F<.novaboot> starting from the directory of
931 the novaboot script (or working directory, see bellow) and continuing
932 upwards up to the root directory. The configuration files are read in
933 order from the root directory downwards with latter files overriding
934 settings from the former ones.
936 In certain cases, the location of the novaboot script cannot be
937 determined in this early phase. This happens either when the script is
938 read from the standard input or when novaboot is invoked explicitly
939 and options precede the script name, as in the example L</"4."> above.
940 In this case the current working directory is used as a starting point
941 for configuration file search.
945 =item -c, --config=I<filename>
947 Use the specified configuration file instead of the default one(s).
951 =head2 Command line processing phase
957 Dump the current configuration to stdout end exits. Useful as an
958 initial template for a configuration file.
962 Print short (B<-h>) or long (B<--help>) help.
964 =item -t, --target=I<target>
966 This option serves as a user configurable shortcut for other novaboot
967 options. The effect of this option is the same as the options stored
968 in the C<%targets> configuration variable under key I<target>. See
969 also L</"CONFIGURATION FILE">.
973 =head2 Script preprocessing phase
975 This phases allows to modify the parsed novaboot script before it is
976 used in the later phases.
980 =item -a, --append=I<parameters>
982 Append a string to the first C<load> line in the novaboot script. This
983 can be used to append parameters to the kernel's or root task's
984 command line. Can appear multiple times.
988 Use F<bender> chainloader. Bender scans the PCI bus for PCI serial
989 ports and stores the information about them in the BIOS data area for
992 =item --chainloader=I<chainloader>
994 Chainloader that is loaded before the kernel and other files specified
995 in the novaboot script. E.g. 'bin/boot/bender promisc'.
999 Print the modules to boot and their parameters after this phase
1000 finishes. Then exit. This is useful for seeing the effect of other
1001 options in this section.
1003 =item -k, --kernel=F<file>
1005 Replace the first word on the first C<load> line in the novaboot
1006 script with F<file>.
1008 =item --scriptmod=I<perl expression>
1010 When novaboot script is read, I<perl expression> is executed for every
1011 line (in $_ variable). For example, C<novaboot
1012 --scriptmod=s/sigma0/omega6/g> replaces every occurrence of I<sigma0>
1013 in the script with I<omega6>.
1015 When this option is present, it overrides I<$script_modifier> variable
1016 from the configuration file, which has the same effect. If this option
1017 is given multiple times all expressions are evaluated in the command
1022 =head2 File generation phase
1024 In this phase, files needed for booting are generated in a so called
1025 I<build directory> (see L<--build-dir>). In most cases configuration
1026 for a bootloader is generated automatically by novaboot. It is also
1027 possible to generate other files using I<heredoc> or I<"<"> syntax in
1028 novaboot scripts. Finally, binaries can be generated in this phases by
1029 running C<scons> or C<make>.
1033 =item --build-dir=I<directory>
1035 Overrides the default build directory location.
1037 The default build directory location is determined as follows: If the
1038 configuration file defines the C<$builddir> variable, its value is
1039 used. Otherwise, it is the directory that contains the first processed
1042 See also L<BUILDDIR> variable.
1044 =item -g, --grub[=I<filename>]
1046 Generates grub bootloader menu file. If the I<filename> is not
1047 specified, F<menu.lst> is used. The I<filename> is relative to the
1048 build directory (see B<--build-dir>).
1050 =item --grub-preamble=I<prefix>
1052 Specifies the I<preable> that is at the beginning of the generated
1053 GRUB or GRUB2 config files. This is useful for specifying GRUB's
1056 =item --grub-prefix=I<prefix>
1058 Specifies I<prefix> that is put in front of every file name in GRUB's
1059 F<menu.lst>. The default value is the absolute path to the build directory.
1061 If the I<prefix> contains string $NAME, it will be replaced with the
1062 name of the novaboot script (see also B<--name>).
1064 =item --grub2[=I<filename>]
1066 Generate GRUB2 menuentry in I<filename>. If I<filename> is not
1067 specified F<grub.cfg> is used. The content of the menuentry can be
1068 customized with B<--grub-preable>, B<--grub2-prolog> or
1069 B<--grub_prefix> options.
1071 In order to use the the generated menuentry on your development
1072 machine that uses GRUB2, append the following snippet to
1073 F</etc/grub.d/40_custom> file and regenerate your grub configuration,
1074 i.e. run update-grub on Debian/Ubuntu.
1076 if [ -f /path/to/nul/build/grub.cfg ]; then
1077 source /path/to/nul/build/grub.cfg
1080 =item --grub2-prolog=I<prolog>
1082 Specifies text I<preable> that is put at the beginning of the entry
1085 =item -m, --make[=make command]
1087 Runs C<make> to build files that are not generated by novaboot itself.
1089 =item --name=I<string>
1091 Use the name I<string> instead of the name of the novaboot script.
1092 This name is used for things like a title of grub menu or for the
1093 server directory where the boot files are copied to.
1097 Do not generate files on the fly (i.e. "<" syntax) except for the
1098 files generated via "<<WORD" syntax.
1100 =item -p, --pulsar[=mac]
1102 Generates pulsar bootloader configuration file named F<config-I<mac>>
1103 The I<mac> string is typically a MAC address and defaults to
1106 =item --scons[=scons command]
1108 Runs C<scons> to build files that are not generated by novaboot
1113 Strip I<rom://> prefix from command lines and generated config files.
1114 The I<rom://> prefix is used by NUL. For NRE, it has to be stripped.
1118 Exit novaboot after file generation phase.
1122 =head2 Target connection check
1124 If supported by the target, the connection to it is made and it is
1125 checked whether the target is not occupied by another novaboot
1130 =item --iprelay=I<addr[:port]>
1132 Use TCP/IP relay and serial port to access the target's serial port
1133 and powercycle it. The IP address of the relay is given by I<addr>
1134 parameter. If I<port> is not specified, it default to 23.
1136 Note: This option is supposed to work with HWG-ER02a IP relays.
1138 =item -s, --serial[=device]
1140 Target's serial line is connected to host's serial line (device). The
1141 default value for device is F</dev/ttyUSB0>.
1143 The value of this option is exported in NB_NOVABOOT environment
1144 variable to all subprocesses run by C<novaboot>.
1146 =item --stty=I<settings>
1148 Specifies settings passed to C<stty> invoked on the serial line
1149 specified with B<--serial> option. If this option is not given,
1150 C<stty> is called with C<raw -crtscts -onlcr 115200> settings.
1152 =item --remote-cmd=I<cmd>
1154 Command that mediates connection to the target's serial line. For
1155 example C<ssh server 'cu -l /dev/ttyS0'>.
1157 =item --remote-expect=I<string>
1159 Wait for reception of I<string> after establishing the the remote
1160 connection before continuing.
1164 =head2 File deployment phase
1166 In some setups, it is necessary to copy the files needed for booting
1167 to a particular location, e.g. to a TFTP boot server or to the
1172 =item -d, --dhcp-tftp
1174 Turns your workstation into a DHCP and TFTP server so that the OS can
1175 be booted via PXE BIOS (or similar mechanism) on the test machine
1176 directly connected by a plain Ethernet cable to your workstation.
1178 The DHCP and TFTP servers require root privileges and C<novaboot>
1179 uses C<sudo> command to obtain those. You can put the following to
1180 I</etc/sudoers> to allow running the necessary commands without
1181 asking for password.
1183 Cmnd_Alias NOVABOOT = /bin/ip a add 10.23.23.1/24 dev eth0, /bin/ip l set dev eth0 up, /usr/sbin/dhcpd -d -cf dhcpd.conf -lf dhcpd.leases -pf dhcpd.pid, /usr/sbin/in.tftpd --foreground --secure -v -v -v --pidfile tftpd.pid *, /usr/bin/touch dhcpd.leases, /usr/bin/pkill --pidfile=dhcpd.pid, /usr/bin/pkill --pidfile=tftpd.pid
1184 your_login ALL=NOPASSWD: NOVABOOT
1186 =item --iso[=filename]
1188 Generates the ISO image that boots NOVA system via GRUB. If no filename
1189 is given, the image is stored under I<NAME>.iso, where I<NAME> is the name
1190 of the novaboot script (see also B<--name>).
1192 =item --server[=[[user@]server:]path]
1194 Copy all files needed for booting to another location (implies B<-g>
1195 unless B<--grub2> is given). The files will be copied (by B<rsync>
1196 tool) to the directory I<path>. If the I<path> contains string $NAME,
1197 it will be replaced with the name of the novaboot script (see also
1202 If B<--server> is used and its value ends with $NAME, then after
1203 copying the files, a new bootloader configuration file (e.g. menu.lst)
1204 is created at I<path-wo-name>, i.e. the path specified by B<--server>
1205 with $NAME part removed. The content of the file is created by
1206 concatenating all files of the same name from all subdirectories of
1207 I<path-wo-name> found on the "server".
1209 =item --rsync-flags=I<flags>
1211 Specifies which I<flags> are appended to F<rsync> command line when
1212 copying files as a result of I<--server> option.
1216 =head2 Target power-on and reset phase
1222 Switch on/off the target machine. Currently works only with
1225 =item -Q, --qemu[=I<qemu-binary>]
1227 Boot the configuration in qemu. Optionally, the name of qemu binary
1228 can be specified as a parameter.
1230 =item --qemu-append=I<flags>
1232 Append I<flags> to the default qemu flags (QEMU_FLAGS variable or
1233 C<-cpu coreduo -smp 2>).
1235 =item -q, --qemu-flags=I<flags>
1237 Replace the default qemu flags (QEMU_FLAGS variable or C<-cpu coreduo
1238 -smp 2>) with I<flags> specified here.
1240 =item --reset-cmd=I<cmd>
1242 Command that resets the target.
1246 =head2 Interaction with the bootloader on the target
1252 Interact with uBoot bootloader to boot the thing described in the
1253 novaboot script. Implementation of this option is currently tied to a
1254 particular board that we use. It may be subject to changes in the
1259 Command(s) to send the U-Boot bootloader before loading the images and
1264 =head2 Target interaction phase
1266 In this phase, target's serial output is redirected to stdout and if
1267 stdin is a TTY, it is redirected to the target's serial input allowing
1268 interactive work with the target.
1272 =item --exiton=I<string>
1274 When I<string> is sent by the target, novaboot exits. This option can
1275 be specified multiple times.
1277 If I<string> is C<-re>, then the next B<--exiton>'s I<string> is
1278 treated as regular expression. For example:
1280 --exiton -re --exiton 'error:.*failed'
1282 =item -i, --interactive
1284 Setup things for interactive use of target. Your terminal will be
1285 switched to raw mode. In raw mode, your system does not process input
1286 in any way (no echoing of entered characters, no interpretation
1287 special characters). This, among others, means that Ctrl-C is passed
1288 to the target and does no longer interrupt novaboot. Use "~~."
1289 sequence to exit novaboot.
1291 =item --expect=I<string>
1293 When I<string> is received from the target, send the string specified
1294 with the subsequent B<--send*> option to the target.
1296 =item --expect-re=I<regex>
1298 When target's output matches regular expression I<regex>, send the
1299 string specified with the subsequent B<--send*> option to the target.
1301 =item --expect-raw=I<perl-code>
1303 Provides direct control over Perl's Expect module.
1305 =item --send=I<string>
1307 Send I<string> to the target after the previously specified
1308 B<--expect*> was matched in the target's output. The I<string> may
1309 contain escape sequences such as "\n".
1311 Note that I<string> is actually interpreted by Perl, so it can contain
1312 much more that escape sequences. This behavior may change in the
1315 Example: C<--expect='login: ' --send='root\n'>
1317 =item --sendcont=I<string>
1319 Similar to B<--send> but continue expecting more input.
1321 Example: C<--expect='Continue?' --sendcont='yes\n'>
1325 =head1 NOVABOOT SCRIPT SYNTAX
1327 The syntax tries to mimic POSIX shell syntax. The syntax is defined
1328 with the following rules.
1330 Lines starting with "#" and empty lines are ignored.
1332 Lines that end with "\" are concatenated with the following line after
1333 removal of the final "\" and leading whitespace of the following line.
1335 Lines of the form I<VARIABLE=...> (i.e. matching '^[A-Z_]+=' regular
1336 expression) assign values to internal variables. See L<VARIABLES>
1339 Lines starting with C<load> keyword represent modules to boot. The
1340 word after C<load> is a file name (relative to the build directory
1341 (see B<--build-dir>) of the module to load and the remaining words are
1342 passed to it as the command line parameters.
1344 When the C<load> line ends with "<<WORD" then the subsequent lines
1345 until the line containing solely WORD are copied literally to the file
1346 named on that line. This is similar to shell's heredoc feature.
1348 When the C<load> line ends with "< CMD" then command CMD is executed
1349 with C</bin/sh> and its standard output is stored in the file named on
1350 that line. The SRCDIR variable in CMD's environment is set to the
1351 absolute path of the directory containing the interpreted novaboot
1355 #!/usr/bin/env novaboot
1356 WVDESC=Example program
1357 load bin/apps/sigma0.nul S0_DEFAULT script_start:1,1 \
1358 verbose hostkeyb:0,0x60,1,12,2
1359 load bin/apps/hello.nul
1360 load hello.nulconfig <<EOF
1361 sigma0::mem:16 name::/s0/log name::/s0/timer name::/s0/fs/rom ||
1362 rom://bin/apps/hello.nul
1365 This example will load three modules: F<sigma0.nul>, F<hello.nul> and
1366 F<hello.nulconfig>. sigma0 receives some command line parameters and
1367 F<hello.nulconfig> file is generated on the fly from the lines between
1368 C<<<EOF> and C<EOF>.
1372 The following variables are interpreted in the novaboot script:
1378 Novaboot chdir()s to this directory before file generation phase. The
1379 directory name specified here is relative to the build directory
1380 specified by other means (see L</--build-dir>).
1384 Assigning this variable has the same effect as specifying L</--exiton>
1387 =item HYPERVISOR_PARAMS
1389 Parameters passed to hypervisor. The default value is "serial", unless
1390 overridden in configuration file.
1394 The kernel to use instead of the hypervisor specified in the
1395 configuration file with the C<$hypervisor> variable. The value should
1396 contain the name of the kernel image as well as its command line
1397 parameters. If this variable is defined and non-empty, the variable
1398 HYPERVISOR_PARAMS is not used.
1402 Use a specific qemu binary (can be overridden with B<-Q>) and flags
1403 when booting this script under qemu. If QEMU_FLAGS variable is also
1404 specified flags specified in QEMU variable are replaced by those in
1409 Use specific qemu flags (can be overridden with B<-q>).
1413 Description of the wvtest-compliant program.
1415 =item WVTEST_TIMEOUT
1417 The timeout in seconds for WvTest harness. If no complete line appears
1418 in the test output within the time specified here, the test fails. It
1419 is necessary to specify this for long running tests that produce no
1420 intermediate output.
1424 =head1 CONFIGURATION FILE
1426 Novaboot can read its configuration from one or more files. By
1427 default, novaboot looks for files named F<.novaboot> as described in
1428 L</Configuration reading phase>. Alternatively, its location can be
1429 specified with the B<-c> switch or with the NOVABOOT_CONFIG
1430 environment variable. The configuration file has perl syntax and
1431 should set values of certain Perl variables. The current configuration
1432 can be dumped with the B<--dump-config> switch. Some configuration
1433 variables can be overridden by environment variables (see below) or by
1434 command line switches.
1436 Supported configuration variables include:
1442 Build directory location relative to the location of the configuration
1445 =item $default_target
1447 Default target (see below) to use when no target is explicitly
1448 specified on command line with the B<--target> option.
1452 Hash of shortcuts to be used with the B<--target> option. If the hash
1453 contains, for instance, the following pair of values
1455 'mybox' => '--server=boot:/tftproot --serial=/dev/ttyUSB0 --grub',
1457 then the following two commands are equivalent:
1459 ./script --server=boot:/tftproot --serial=/dev/ttyUSB0 --grub
1464 =head1 ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
1466 Some options can be specified not only via config file or command line
1467 but also through environment variables. Environment variables override
1468 the values from configuration file and command line parameters
1469 override the environment variables.
1473 =item NOVABOOT_CONFIG
1475 Name of the novaboot configuration file to use instead of the default
1478 =item NOVABOOT_BENDER
1480 Defining this variable has the same meaning as B<--bender> option.
1486 Michal Sojka <sojka@os.inf.tu-dresden.de>