3 # This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
4 # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
5 # the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or
6 # (at your option) any later version.
8 # This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
9 # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
10 # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
11 # GNU General Public License for more details.
13 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
14 # along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
20 use warnings (exists $ENV{NOVABOOT_TEST} ? (FATAL => 'all') : ());
21 use Getopt::Long qw(GetOptionsFromString GetOptionsFromArray);
26 use Time::HiRes("usleep");
30 use POSIX qw(:errno_h sysconf);
31 use Cwd qw(getcwd abs_path);
37 my $invocation_dir = $ENV{PWD} || getcwd();
39 ## Configuration file handling
41 # Default configuration
42 $CFG::hypervisor = "";
43 $CFG::hypervisor_params = "serial";
44 $CFG::genisoimage = "genisoimage";
45 $CFG::qemu = 'qemu-system-i386 -cpu coreduo -smp 2';
46 $CFG::default_target = '';
49 "tud" => '--server=erwin.inf.tu-dresden.de:~sojka/boot/novaboot --rsync-flags="--chmod=Dg+s,ug+w,o-w,+rX --rsync-path=\"umask 002 && rsync\"" --grub --grub-prefix=(nd)/tftpboot/sojka/novaboot --grub-preamble="timeout 0" --concat --iprelay=141.76.48.80:2324 --scriptmod=s/\\\\bhostserial\\\\b/hostserialpci/g',
50 "novabox" => '--server=rtime.felk.cvut.cz:/srv/tftp/novaboot --rsync-flags="--chmod=Dg+s,ug+w,o-w,+rX --rsync-path=\"umask 002 && rsync\"" --pulsar --iprelay=147.32.86.92:2324',
51 "localhost" => '--scriptmod=s/console=tty[A-Z0-9,]+// --server=/boot/novaboot/$NAME --grub2 --grub-prefix=/boot/novaboot/$NAME --grub2-prolog=" set root=\'(hd0,msdos1)\'"',
52 "ryu" => '--uboot --uboot-init="mw f0000b00 \${psc_cfg}; sleep 1" --uboot-addr kernel=800000 --uboot-addr ramdisk=b00000 --uboot-addr fdt=7f0000',
53 "ryuglab" => '--target ryu --server=pc-sojkam.felk.cvut.cz:/srv/tftp --remote-cmd="ssh -tt pc-sojkam.felk.cvut.cz \"sterm -d -s 115200 /dev/ttyUSB0\""',
54 "ryulocal" => '--target ryu --dhcp-tftp --serial --reset-cmd="if which dtrrts; then dtrrts $NB_SERIAL 0 1; sleep 0.1; dtrrts $NB_SERIAL 1 1; fi"',
59 $const{linux}->{_SC_NPROCESSORS_CONF} = 83;
60 my $nproc = sysconf($const{$^O}->{_SC_NPROCESSORS_CONF});
62 $CFG::scons = "scons -j$nproc";
63 $CFG::make = "make -j$nproc";
71 package CFG; # Put config data into a separate namespace
77 die("ERROR: Failure compiling '$cfg' - $@");
78 } elsif (! defined($rc)) {
79 die("ERROR: Failure reading '$cfg' - $!");
81 die("ERROR: Failure processing '$cfg'");
84 $builddir = File::Spec->rel2abs($CFG::builddir, dirname($cfg)) if defined $CFG::builddir;
85 print STDERR "novaboot: Read $cfg\n";
90 # We don't use $0 here, because it points to the novaboot itself and
91 # not to the novaboot script. The problem with this approach is that
92 # when a script is run as "novaboot <options> <script>" then $ARGV[0]
93 # contains the first option. Hence the -f check.
94 my $dir = File::Spec->rel2abs($ARGV[0] && -f $ARGV[0] ? dirname($ARGV[0]) : '', $invocation_dir);
95 while ((-d $dir || -l $dir ) && $dir ne "/") {
96 push @cfgs, "$dir/.novaboot" if -r "$dir/.novaboot";
97 my @dirs = File::Spec->splitdir($dir);
98 $dir = File::Spec->catdir(@dirs[0..$#dirs-1]);
100 @cfgs = reverse @cfgs;
102 my $xdg_config_home = $ENV{'XDG_CONFIG_HOME'} || $ENV{'HOME'}.'/.config';
103 unshift(@cfgs, "$xdg_config_home/novaboot") if -r "$xdg_config_home/novaboot";
105 $dir = $ENV{'NOVABOOT_CONFIG_DIR'} || '/etc/novaboot.d';
106 if (opendir(my $dh, $dir)) {
107 my @etccfg = map { "$dir/$_" } grep { /^[-_a-zA-Z0-9]+$/ && -f "$dir/$_" } readdir($dh);
109 @etccfg = sort(@etccfg);
110 @cfgs = ( @etccfg, @cfgs );
113 my $cfg = $ENV{'NOVABOOT_CONFIG'};
114 Getopt::Long::Configure(qw/no_ignore_case pass_through/);
115 GetOptions ("config|c=s" => \$cfg);
116 read_config($_) foreach $cfg or @cfgs;
118 ## Command line handling
120 my $explicit_target = $ENV{'NOVABOOT_TARGET'};
121 GetOptions ("target|t=s" => \$explicit_target);
123 my ($amt, @append, $bender, @chainloaders, $concat, $config_name_opt, $dhcp_tftp, $dump_opt, $dump_config, @exiton, $exiton_timeout, @expect_raw, $final_eol, $gen_only, $grub_config, $grub_prefix, $grub_preamble, $grub2_prolog, $grub2_config, $help, $ider, $interaction, $iprelay, $iso_image, $interactive, $kernel_opt, $make, $man, $netif, $no_file_gen, $off_opt, $on_opt, $pulsar, $pulsar_root, $qemu, $qemu_append, $qemu_flags_cmd, $remote_cmd, $remote_expect, $remote_expect_silent, $reset, $reset_cmd, $reset_send, $rom_prefix, $rsync_flags, @scriptmod, $scons, $serial, $server, $stty, $tftp, $tftp_port, $uboot, %uboot_addr, $uboot_cmd, @uboot_init);
125 # Default values of certain command line options
127 'kernel' => '${kernel_addr_r}',
128 'ramdisk' => '${ramdisk_addr_r}',
129 'fdt' => '${fdt_addr_r}',
132 $rom_prefix = 'rom://';
133 $stty = 'raw -crtscts -onlcr 115200';
134 $reset = 1; # Reset target by default
135 $interaction = 1; # Perform target interaction by default
139 my @expect_seen = ();
143 push(@expect_seen, '-re') if $n eq "expect-re";
144 push(@expect_seen, $v);
150 unless (@expect_seen) { die("No --expect before --send"); }
151 my $ret = ($n eq "sendcont") ? exp_continue : 0;
152 unshift(@expect_raw, sub { shift->send(eval("\"$v\"")); $ret; });
153 unshift(@expect_raw, @expect_seen);
160 "append|a=s" => \@append,
161 "bender|b" => \$bender,
162 "build-dir=s" => sub { my ($n, $v) = @_; $builddir = File::Spec->rel2abs($v); },
163 "concat" => \$concat,
164 "chainloader=s" => \@chainloaders,
165 "dhcp-tftp|d" => \$dhcp_tftp,
166 "dump" => \$dump_opt,
167 "dump-config" => \$dump_config,
168 "exiton=s" => \@exiton,
169 "exiton-timeout=i"=> \$exiton_timeout,
170 "exiton-re=s" => sub { my ($n, $v) = @_; push(@exiton, '-re', $v); },
171 "expect=s" => \&handle_expect,
172 "expect-re=s" => \&handle_expect,
173 "expect-raw=s" => sub { my ($n, $v) = @_; unshift(@expect_raw, eval($v)); },
174 "final-eol!" => \$final_eol,
175 "gen-only" => \$gen_only,
176 "grub|g:s" => \$grub_config,
177 "grub-preamble=s"=> \$grub_preamble,
178 "prefix|grub-prefix=s" => \$grub_prefix,
179 "grub2:s" => \$grub2_config,
180 "grub2-prolog=s" => \$grub2_prolog,
182 "interaction!" => \$interaction,
183 "iprelay=s" => \$iprelay,
184 "iso:s" => \$iso_image,
185 "kernel|k=s" => \$kernel_opt,
186 "interactive|i" => \$interactive,
187 "name=s" => \$config_name_opt,
188 "make|m:s" => \$make,
189 "netif=s" => \$netif,
190 "no-file-gen" => \$no_file_gen,
193 "pulsar|p:s" => \$pulsar,
194 "pulsar-root=s" => \$pulsar_root,
195 "qemu|Q:s" => \$qemu,
196 "qemu-append=s" => \$qemu_append,
197 "qemu-flags|q=s" => \$qemu_flags_cmd,
198 "remote-cmd=s" => \$remote_cmd,
199 "remote-expect=s"=> \$remote_expect,
200 "remote-expect-silent=s"=> sub { $remote_expect=$_[1]; $remote_expect_silent=1; },
202 "reset-cmd=s" => \$reset_cmd,
203 "reset-send=s" => \$reset_send,
204 "rsync-flags=s" => \$rsync_flags,
205 "scons:s" => \$scons,
206 "scriptmod=s" => \@scriptmod,
207 "send=s" => \&handle_send,
208 "sendcont=s" => \&handle_send,
209 "serial|s:s" => \$serial,
210 "server:s" => \$server,
211 "strip-rom" => sub { $rom_prefix = ''; },
214 "tftp-port=i" => \$tftp_port,
215 "uboot:s" => \$uboot,
216 "no-uboot" => sub { undef $uboot; },
217 "uboot-addr=s" => \%uboot_addr,
218 "uboot-cmd=s" => \$uboot_cmd,
219 "uboot-init=s" => \@uboot_init,
224 # First process target options
226 my $t = defined($explicit_target) ? $explicit_target : $CFG::default_target;
228 Getopt::Long::Configure(qw/no_ignore_case pass_through/);
230 exists $CFG::targets{$t} or die("Unknown target '$t' (valid targets are: ".join(", ", sort keys(%CFG::targets)).")");
232 undef $explicit_target;
233 my ($ret, $remaining_args) = GetOptionsFromString ($CFG::targets{$t}, ("target|t=s" => \$explicit_target));
234 if (!$ret) { die "Error parsing target $t option"; }
235 push(@target_expanded, @$remaining_args);
236 $t = $explicit_target;
238 Getopt::Long::Configure(qw/no_ignore_case no_pass_through/);
239 GetOptionsFromArray(\@target_expanded, %opt_spec) or die ("Error in target definition");
242 # Then process other command line options - some of them may override
243 # what was specified by the target
244 GetOptions %opt_spec or die("Error in command line arguments");
245 pod2usage(1) if $help;
246 pod2usage(-exitstatus => 0, -verbose => 2) if $man;
248 ### Dump sanitized configuration (if requested)
252 $Data::Dumper::Indent=1;
253 print "# This file is in perl syntax.\n";
254 foreach my $key(sort(keys(%CFG::))) { # See "Symbol Tables" in perlmod(1)
255 if (defined ${$CFG::{$key}}) { print Data::Dumper->Dump([${$CFG::{$key}}], ["*$key"]); }
256 if ( @{$CFG::{$key}}) { print Data::Dumper->Dump([\@{$CFG::{$key}}], ["*$key"]); }
257 if ( %{$CFG::{$key}}) { print Data::Dumper->Dump([\%{$CFG::{$key}}], ["*$key"]); }
263 ### Sanitize configuration
265 if ($interactive && !-t STDIN) {
266 die("novaboot: Interactive mode not supported when not on terminal");
269 if (defined $config_name_opt && scalar(@ARGV) > 1) { die "You cannot use --name with multiple scripts"; }
272 $iso_image //= ''; # IDE-R needs an ISO image
273 if (!defined $amt) { die "Error: --ider requires --amt"; }
277 my %input_opts = ('--iprelay' => \$iprelay,
278 '--serial' => \$serial,
279 '--remote-cmd' => \$remote_cmd,
281 my @opts = grep(defined(${$input_opts{$_}}) , keys %input_opts);
283 die("novaboot: More than one target connection option: ".join(', ', @opts)) if scalar @opts > 1;
287 if (defined $serial) {
288 $serial ||= "/dev/ttyUSB0";
289 $ENV{NB_SERIAL} = $serial;
291 if (defined $grub_config) { $grub_config ||= "menu.lst"; }
292 if (defined $grub2_config) { $grub2_config ||= "grub.cfg"; }
294 ## Parse the novaboot script(s)
299 my ($modules, $variables, $generated, $continuation) = ([], {}, []);
300 my $skip_reading = defined($on_opt) || defined($off_opt);
301 while (!$skip_reading && ($_ = <>)) {
302 if ($ARGV ne $last_fn) { # New script
303 die "Missing EOF in $last_fn" if $file;
304 die "Unfinished line in $last_fn" if $continuation;
306 push @scripts, { 'filename' => $ARGV,
307 'modules' => $modules = [],
308 'variables' => $variables = {},
309 'generated' => $generated = []};
313 next if /^#/ || /^\s*$/; # Skip comments and empty lines
315 $_ =~ s/^[[:space:]]*// if ($continuation);
317 if (/\\$/) { # Line continuation
318 $continuation .= substr($_, 0, length($_)-1);
322 if ($continuation) { # Last continuation line
323 $_ = $continuation . $_;
327 foreach my $mod(@scriptmod) { eval $mod; }
329 if ($file && $_ eq $EOF) { # Heredoc end
333 if ($file) { # Heredoc content
334 push @{$file}, "$_\n";
337 if (/^([A-Z_]+)=(.*)$/) { # Internal variable
338 $$variables{$1} = $2;
339 push(@exiton, $2) if ($1 eq "EXITON");
342 if (s/^load *//) { # Load line
343 die("novaboot: '$last_fn' line $.: Missing file name\n") unless /^[^ <]+/;
344 if (/^([^ ]*)(.*?)[[:space:]]*<<([^ ]*)$/) { # Heredoc start
345 push @$modules, "$1$2";
347 push @$generated, {filename => $1, content => $file};
351 if (/^([^ ]*)(.*?)[[:space:]]*< ?(.*)$/) { # Command substitution
352 push @$modules, "$1$2";
353 push @$generated, {filename => $1, command => $3};
359 if (/^run (.*)/) { # run line
360 push @$generated, {command => $1};
363 if (/^uboot(?::([0-9]+)s)? (.*)/) { # uboot line
364 # TODO: If U-Boot supports some interactive menu, it might
365 # make sense to store uboot lines per novaboot script.
366 if ($1) { # Command with explicit timeout
367 push @uboot_init, { command => $2,
369 } else { # Command without explicit timeout
370 push @uboot_init, $2;
375 die("novaboot: Cannot parse script '$last_fn' line $.. Didn't you forget 'load' keyword?\n");
378 # print Dumper(\@scripts);
380 foreach my $script (@scripts) {
381 $modules = $$script{modules};
382 @$modules[0] =~ s/^[^ ]*/$kernel_opt/ if $kernel_opt;
383 @$modules[0] .= ' ' . join(' ', @append) if @append;
386 if (exists $variables->{KERNEL}) {
387 $kernel = $variables->{KERNEL};
389 if ($CFG::hypervisor) {
390 $kernel = $CFG::hypervisor . " ";
391 if (exists $variables->{HYPERVISOR_PARAMS}) {
392 $kernel .= $variables->{HYPERVISOR_PARAMS};
394 $kernel .= $CFG::hypervisor_params;
398 @$modules = ($kernel, @$modules) if $kernel;
399 @$modules = (@chainloaders, @$modules);
400 @$modules = ("bin/boot/bender", @$modules) if ($bender || defined $ENV{'NOVABOOT_BENDER'});
404 foreach my $script (@scripts) {
405 print join("\n", @{$$script{modules}})."\n";
412 sub generate_configs($$$) {
413 my ($base, $generated, $filename) = @_;
414 if ($base) { $base = "$base/"; };
415 foreach my $g(@$generated) {
416 if (exists $$g{content}) {
417 my $config = $$g{content};
418 my $fn = $$g{filename};
419 open(my $f, '>', $fn) || die("$fn: $!");
420 map { s|\brom://([^ ]*)|$rom_prefix$base$1|g; print $f "$_"; } @{$config};
422 print STDERR "novaboot: Created $fn\n";
423 } elsif (exists $$g{command} && ! $no_file_gen) {
424 $ENV{SRCDIR} = dirname(File::Spec->rel2abs( $filename, $invocation_dir ));
425 if (exists $$g{filename}) {
426 system_verbose("( $$g{command} ) > $$g{filename}");
428 system_verbose($$g{command});
434 sub generate_grub_config($$$$;$)
436 my ($filename, $title, $base, $modules_ref, $preamble) = @_;
437 if ($base) { $base = "$base/"; };
438 open(my $fg, '>', $filename) or die "$filename: $!";
439 print $fg "$preamble\n" if $preamble;
440 print $fg "title $title\n" if $title;
441 #print $fg "root $base\n"; # root doesn't really work for (nd)
443 foreach (@$modules_ref) {
446 my ($kbin, $kcmd) = split(' ', $_, 2);
447 $kcmd = '' if !defined $kcmd;
448 print $fg "kernel ${base}$kbin $kcmd\n";
450 s|\brom://([^ ]*)|$rom_prefix$base$1|g; # Translate rom:// files - needed for vdisk parameter of sigma0
451 print $fg "module $base$_\n";
455 print("novaboot: Created $builddir/$filename\n");
459 sub generate_syslinux_config($$$$)
461 my ($filename, $title, $base, $modules_ref) = @_;
462 if ($base && $base !~ /\/$/) { $base = "$base/"; };
463 open(my $fg, '>', $filename) or die "$filename: $!";
464 print $fg "LABEL $title\n";
465 #TODO print $fg "MENU LABEL $human_readable_title\n";
467 my ($kbin, $kcmd) = split(' ', @$modules_ref[0], 2);
469 if (system("file $kbin|grep 'Linux kernel'") == 0) {
470 my $initrd = @$modules_ref[1];
471 die('To many "load" lines for Linux kernel') if (scalar @$modules_ref > 2);
472 print $fg "LINUX $base$kbin\n";
473 print $fg "APPEND $kcmd\n";
474 print $fg "INITRD $base$initrd\n";
476 print $fg "KERNEL mboot.c32\n";
478 foreach (@$modules_ref) {
479 s|\brom://([^ ]*)|$rom_prefix$base$1|g; # Translate rom:// files - needed for vdisk parameter of sigma0
480 push @append, "$base$_";
481 print $fg "APPEND ".join(' --- ', @append)."\n";
484 #TODO print $fg "TEXT HELP\n";
485 #TODO print $fg "some help here\n";
486 #TODO print $fg "ENDTEXT\n";
488 print("novaboot: Created $builddir/$filename\n");
492 sub generate_grub2_config($$$$;$$)
494 my ($filename, $title, $base, $modules_ref, $preamble, $prolog) = @_;
495 if ($base && substr($base,-1,1) ne '/') { $base = "$base/"; };
496 open(my $fg, '>', $filename) or die "$filename: $!";
497 print $fg "$preamble\n" if $preamble;
498 $title ||= 'novaboot';
499 print $fg "menuentry $title {\n";
500 print $fg "$prolog\n" if $prolog;
502 foreach (@$modules_ref) {
505 my ($kbin, $kcmd) = split(' ', $_, 2);
506 $kcmd = '' if !defined $kcmd;
507 print $fg " multiboot ${base}$kbin $kcmd\n";
510 # GRUB2 doesn't pass filename in multiboot info so we have to duplicate it here
511 $_ = join(' ', ($args[0], @args));
512 s|\brom://|$rom_prefix|g; # We do not need to translate path for GRUB2
513 print $fg " module $base$_\n";
518 print("novaboot: Created $builddir/$filename\n");
522 sub generate_pulsar_config($$)
524 my ($filename, $modules_ref) = @_;
525 open(my $fg, '>', $filename) or die "$filename: $!";
526 print $fg "root $pulsar_root\n" if defined $pulsar_root;
529 foreach (@$modules_ref) {
532 ($kbin, $kcmd) = split(' ', $_, 2);
533 $kcmd = '' if !defined $kcmd;
536 s|\brom://|$rom_prefix|g;
537 print $fg "load $_\n";
540 # Put kernel as last - this is needed for booting Linux and has no influence on non-Linux OSes
541 print $fg "exec $kbin $kcmd\n";
543 print("novaboot: Created $builddir/$filename\n");
547 sub shell_cmd_string(@)
549 return join(' ', map((/^[-_=a-zA-Z0-9\/\.\+]+$/ ? "$_" : "'$_'"), @_));
554 print STDERR "novaboot: Running: ".shell_cmd_string(@_)."\n";
556 exit(1); # should not be reached
559 sub system_verbose($)
562 print STDERR "novaboot: Running: $cmd\n";
563 my $ret = system($cmd);
564 if ($ret & 0x007f) { die("Command terminated by a signal"); }
565 if ($ret & 0xff00) {die("Command exit with non-zero exit code"); }
566 if ($ret) { die("Command failure $ret"); }
571 $str =~ s/^\s+|\s+$//g;
577 if (exists $variables->{WVDESC}) {
578 print STDERR "Testing \"$variables->{WVDESC}\" in $last_fn:\n";
579 } elsif ($last_fn =~ /\.wv$/) {
580 print STDERR "Testing \"all\" in $last_fn:\n";
583 ## Connect to the target and check whether it is not occupied
585 # We have to do this before file generation phase, because file
586 # generation is intermixed with file deployment phase and we want to
587 # check whether the target is not used by somebody else before
588 # deploying files. Otherwise, we may rewrite other user's files on a
591 my $exp; # Expect object to communicate with the target over serial line
593 my ($target_reset, $target_power_on, $target_power_off);
594 my ($amt_user, $amt_password, $amt_host, $amt_port);
596 if (defined $iprelay) {
598 $iprelay =~ /([.0-9]+)(:([0-9]+))?/;
601 my $paddr = sockaddr_in($port, inet_aton($addr));
602 my $proto = getprotobyname('tcp');
603 socket($IPRELAY, PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, $proto) || die "socket: $!";
604 print STDERR "novaboot: Connecting to IP relay... ";
605 connect($IPRELAY, $paddr) || die "connect: $!";
606 print STDERR "done\n";
607 $exp = Expect->init(\*$IPRELAY);
611 print $exp "\xFF\xF6"; # AYT
612 my $connected = $exp->expect(20, # Timeout in seconds
613 '<iprelayd: connected>',
614 '-re', '<WEB51 HW[^>]*>');
619 my ($relay, $onoff) = @_;
620 die unless ($relay == 1 || $relay == 2);
622 my $cmd = ($relay == 1 ? 0x5 : 0x6) | ($onoff ? 0x20 : 0x10);
623 return "\xFF\xFA\x2C\x32".chr($cmd)."\xFF\xF0";
627 my ($relay, $onoff) = @_;
628 die unless ($relay == 1 || $relay == 2);
629 my $cmd = ($relay == 1 ? 0xdf : 0xbf) | ($onoff ? 0x00 : 0xff);
630 return "\xFF\xFA\x2C\x97".chr($cmd)."\xFF\xF0";
634 my ($relay, $onoff, $can_giveup) = @_;
635 my $confirmation = '';
637 print $exp relaycmd($relay, $onoff);
638 my $confirmed = $exp->expect(20, # Timeout in seconds
639 relayconf($relay, $onoff));
642 print("Relay confirmation timeout - ignoring\n");
644 die "Relay confirmation timeout";
650 $target_reset = sub {
651 relay(2, 1, 1); # Reset the machine
656 $target_power_off = sub {
657 relay(1, 1); # Press power button
658 usleep(6000000); # Long press to switch off
662 $target_power_on = sub {
663 relay(1, 1); # Press power button
664 usleep(100000); # Short press
670 system_verbose("stty -F $serial $stty");
671 open($CONN, "+<", $serial) || die "open $serial: $!";
672 $exp = Expect->init(\*$CONN);
674 elsif ($remote_cmd) {
675 print STDERR "novaboot: Running: $remote_cmd\n";
676 $exp = Expect->spawn($remote_cmd);
678 elsif (defined $amt) {
679 require LWP::UserAgent;
680 require LWP::Authen::Digest;
683 my ($host, $username, $password, $schema, $className, $pstate) = @_;
684 #AMT numbers for PowerStateChange (MNI => bluescreen on windows;-)
685 my %pstates = ("on" => 2,
692 <s:Envelope xmlns:s="http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope" xmlns:a="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2004/08/addressing" xmlns:w="http://schemas.dmtf.org/wbem/wsman/1/wsman.xsd">
693 <s:Header><a:To>http://$host:16992/wsman</a:To>
694 <w:ResourceURI s:mustUnderstand="true">$schema</w:ResourceURI>
695 <a:ReplyTo><a:Address s:mustUnderstand="true">http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2004/08/addressing/role/anonymous</a:Address></a:ReplyTo>
696 <a:Action s:mustUnderstand="true">$schema$className</a:Action>
697 <w:MaxEnvelopeSize s:mustUnderstand="true">153600</w:MaxEnvelopeSize>
698 <a:MessageID>uuid:709072C9-609C-4B43-B301-075004043C7C</a:MessageID>
699 <w:Locale xml:lang="en-US" s:mustUnderstand="false" />
700 <w:OperationTimeout>PT60.000S</w:OperationTimeout>
701 <w:SelectorSet><w:Selector Name="Name">Intel(r) AMT Power Management Service</w:Selector></w:SelectorSet>
703 <p:RequestPowerStateChange_INPUT xmlns:p="http://schemas.dmtf.org/wbem/wscim/1/cim-schema/2/CIM_PowerManagementService">
704 <p:PowerState>$pstates{$pstate}</p:PowerState>
705 <p:ManagedElement><a:Address>http://$host:16992/wsman</a:Address>
706 <a:ReferenceParameters><w:ResourceURI>http://schemas.dmtf.org/wbem/wscim/1/cim-schema/2/CIM_ComputerSystem</w:ResourceURI>
707 <w:SelectorSet><w:Selector Name="Name">ManagedSystem</w:Selector></w:SelectorSet>
708 </a:ReferenceParameters></p:ManagedElement>
709 </p:RequestPowerStateChange_INPUT>
710 </s:Body></s:Envelope>
715 my ($host, $username, $password, $content) = @_;
717 my $ua = LWP::UserAgent->new();
718 $ua->agent("novaboot");
720 my $req = HTTP::Request->new(POST => "http://$host:16992/wsman");
721 my $res = $ua->request($req);
722 die ("Unexpected AMT response: " . $res->status_line) unless $res->code == 401;
724 my ($realm) = $res->header("WWW-Authenticate") =~ /Digest realm="(.*?)"/;
725 $ua->credentials("$host:16992", $realm, $username => $password);
728 $req = HTTP::Request->new(POST => "http://$host:16992/wsman");
729 $req->content_type('application/x-www-form-urlencoded');
730 $req->content($content);
731 $res = $ua->request($req);
732 die ("AMT power change request failed: " . $res->status_line) unless $res->is_success;
733 $res->content() =~ /<g:ReturnValue>(\d+)<\/g:ReturnValue>/;
738 my ($host, $username, $password, $pstate)=@_;
739 my $schema="http://schemas.dmtf.org/wbem/wscim/1/cim-schema/2/CIM_PowerManagementService";
740 my $className="/RequestPowerStateChange";
741 my $content = genXML($host, $username, $password ,$schema, $className, $pstate);
742 return sendPOST($host, $username, $password, $content);
745 ($amt_user,$amt_password,$amt_host,$amt_port) = ($amt =~ /(?:(.*?)(?::(.*))?@)?([^:]*)(?::([0-9]*))?/);;
746 $amt_user ||= "admin";
747 $amt_password ||= $ENV{'AMT_PASSWORD'} || die "AMT password not specified";
748 $amt_host || die "AMT host not specified";
752 $target_power_off = sub {
754 my $result = powerChange($amt_host,$amt_user,$amt_password, "off");
755 die "AMT power off failed (ReturnValue $result)" if $result != 0;
758 $target_power_on = sub {
759 my $result = powerChange($amt_host,$amt_user,$amt_password, "on");
760 die "AMT power on failed (ReturnValue $result)" if $result != 0;
763 $target_reset = sub {
764 my $result = powerChange($amt_host,$amt_user,$amt_password, "reset");
766 print STDERR "Warning: Cannot reset $amt_host, trying power on. ";
767 $result = powerChange($amt_host,$amt_user,$amt_password, "on");
769 die "AMT reset failed (ReturnValue $result)" if $result != 0;
772 my $cmd = "amtterm -u $amt_user -p $amt_password $amt_host $amt_port";
773 print STDERR "novaboot: Running: $cmd\n" =~ s/\Q$amt_password\E/???/r;
774 $exp = Expect->spawn($cmd);
775 $exp->expect(10, "RUN_SOL") || die "Expect for 'RUN_SOL' timed out";
780 if ($remote_expect) {
781 $exp || die("No serial line connection");
782 my $log = $exp->log_stdout;
783 if (defined $remote_expect_silent) {
786 $exp->expect(180, $remote_expect) || die "Expect for '$remote_expect' timed out";
787 if (defined $remote_expect_silent) {
788 $exp->log_stdout($log);
789 print $exp->after() if $log;
793 if (defined $reset_cmd) {
794 $target_reset = sub {
795 system_verbose($reset_cmd);
799 if (defined $reset_send) {
800 $target_reset = sub {
801 $reset_send =~ s/\\n/\n/g;
802 $exp->send($reset_send);
806 if (defined $on_opt && defined $target_power_on) {
810 if (defined $off_opt && defined $target_power_off) {
811 print STDERR "novaboot: Switching the target off...\n";
812 &$target_power_off();
816 $builddir ||= dirname(File::Spec->rel2abs( ${$scripts[0]}{filename})) if scalar @scripts;
817 if (defined $builddir) {
818 chdir($builddir) or die "Can't change directory to $builddir: $!";
819 print STDERR "novaboot: Entering directory `$builddir'\n";
821 $builddir = $invocation_dir;
824 ## File generation phase
825 my (%files_iso, $menu_iso, $filename);
826 my $config_name = '';
829 foreach my $script (@scripts) {
830 $filename = $$script{filename};
831 $modules = $$script{modules};
832 $generated = $$script{generated};
833 $variables = $$script{variables};
835 ($config_name = $filename) =~ s#.*/##;
836 $config_name = $config_name_opt if (defined $config_name_opt);
838 if (exists $variables->{BUILDDIR}) {
839 $builddir = File::Spec->rel2abs($variables->{BUILDDIR});
840 chdir($builddir) or die "Can't change directory to $builddir: $!";
841 print STDERR "novaboot: Entering directory `$builddir'\n";
845 $prefix = $grub_prefix;
846 $prefix =~ s/\$NAME/$config_name/;
847 $prefix =~ s/\$BUILDDIR/$builddir/;
849 # TODO: use $grub_prefix as first parameter if some switch is given
850 generate_configs('', $generated, $filename);
852 ### Generate bootloader configuration files
853 my @bootloader_configs;
854 push @bootloader_configs, generate_grub_config($grub_config, $config_name, $prefix, $modules, $grub_preamble) if (defined $grub_config);
855 push @bootloader_configs, generate_grub2_config($grub2_config, $config_name, $prefix, $modules, $grub_preamble, $grub2_prolog) if (defined $grub2_config);
856 push @bootloader_configs, generate_pulsar_config('config-'.($pulsar||'novaboot'), $modules) if (defined $pulsar);
858 ### Run scons or make
860 my @files = map({ ($file) = m/([^ ]*)/; $file; } @$modules);
861 # Filter-out generated files
862 my @to_build = grep({ my $file = $_; !scalar(grep($file eq ($$_{filename} || ''), @$generated)) } @files);
864 system_verbose($scons || $CFG::scons." ".join(" ", @to_build)) if (defined $scons);
865 system_verbose($make || $CFG::make ." ".join(" ", @to_build)) if (defined $make);
868 ### Copy files (using rsync)
869 if (defined $server && !defined($gen_only)) {
870 (my $real_server = $server) =~ s/\$NAME/$config_name/;
872 my ($hostname, $path) = split(":", $real_server, 2);
873 if (! defined $path) {
877 my $files = join(" ", map({ ($file) = m/([^ ]*)/; $file; } ( @$modules, @bootloader_configs)));
878 map({ my $file = (split)[0]; die "$file: $!" if ! -f $file; } @$modules);
879 my $istty = -t STDOUT && ($ENV{'TERM'} || 'dumb') ne 'dumb';
880 my $progress = $istty ? "--progress" : "";
882 system_verbose("rsync $progress -RLp $rsync_flags $files $real_server");
883 if ($server =~ m|/\$NAME$| && $concat) {
884 my $cmd = join("; ", map { "( cd $path/.. && cat */$_ > $_ )" } @bootloader_configs);
885 system_verbose($hostname ? "ssh $hostname '$cmd'" : $cmd);
890 ### Prepare ISO image generation
891 if (defined $iso_image) {
892 generate_configs("(cd)", $generated, $filename);
894 generate_syslinux_config(\$menu, $config_name, "/", $modules);
895 $menu_iso .= "$menu\n";
896 map { ($file,undef) = split; $files_iso{$file} = 1; } @$modules;
900 ## Generate ISO image
901 if (defined $iso_image) {
902 system_verbose("mkdir -p isolinux");
905 if (-f '/usr/lib/ISOLINUX/isolinux.bin') {
906 # Newer ISOLINUX version
907 @files = qw(/usr/lib/ISOLINUX/isolinux.bin /usr/lib/syslinux/modules/bios/mboot.c32 /usr/lib/syslinux/modules/bios/libcom32.c32 /usr/lib/syslinux/modules/bios/menu.c32 /usr/lib/syslinux/modules/bios/ldlinux.c32);
909 # Older ISOLINUX version
910 @files = qw(/usr/lib/syslinux/isolinux.bin /usr/lib/syslinux/mboot.c32 /usr/lib/syslinux/menu.c32);
912 system_verbose("cp @files isolinux");
913 open(my $fh, ">isolinux/isolinux.cfg");
915 print $fh "TIMEOUT 50\n";
916 print $fh "DEFAULT menu\n";
918 print $fh "DEFAULT $config_name\n";
920 print $fh "$menu_iso";
923 my $files = join(" ", map("$_=$_", (keys(%files_iso), 'isolinux/isolinux.cfg', map(s|.*/|isolinux/|r, @files))));
924 $iso_image ||= "$config_name.iso";
926 # Note: We use -U flag below to "Allow 'untranslated' filenames,
927 # completely violating the ISO9660 standards". Without this
928 # option, isolinux is not able to read files names for example
930 system_verbose("$CFG::genisoimage -R -b isolinux/isolinux.bin -c isolinux/boot.cat -no-emul-boot -boot-load-size 4 -boot-info-table -hide-rr-moved -U -o $iso_image -graft-points $files");
931 print("ISO image created: $builddir/$iso_image\n");
934 exit(0) if defined $gen_only;
936 ## Boot the system using various methods and send serial output to stdout
938 if (scalar(@scripts) > 1 && ( defined $dhcp_tftp || defined $serial || defined $iprelay)) {
939 die "You cannot do this with multiple scripts simultaneously";
942 if ($variables->{WVTEST_TIMEOUT}) {
943 print STDERR "wvtest: timeout ", $variables->{WVTEST_TIMEOUT}, "\n";
950 $qemu ||= $variables->{QEMU} || $CFG::qemu;
951 my @qemu_flags = split(" ", $qemu);
952 $qemu = shift(@qemu_flags);
954 @qemu_flags = split(/ +/, trim($variables->{QEMU_FLAGS})) if exists $variables->{QEMU_FLAGS};
955 @qemu_flags = split(/ +/, trim($qemu_flags_cmd)) if $qemu_flags_cmd;
956 push(@qemu_flags, split(/ +/, trim($qemu_append || '')));
958 if (defined $iso_image) {
959 # Boot NOVA with grub (and test the iso image)
960 push(@qemu_flags, ('-cdrom', $iso_image));
962 # Boot NOVA without GRUB
964 # Non-patched qemu doesn't like commas, but NUL can live with pluses instead of commans
965 foreach (@$modules) {s/,/+/g;}
966 generate_configs("", $generated, $filename);
968 if (scalar @$modules) {
969 my ($kbin, $kcmd) = split(' ', shift(@$modules), 2);
970 $kcmd = '' if !defined $kcmd;
972 @$modules = map { if (/\.dtb$/) { $dtb=$_; (); } else { $_ } } @$modules;
973 my $initrd = join ",", @$modules;
975 push(@qemu_flags, ('-kernel', $kbin, '-append', $kcmd));
976 push(@qemu_flags, ('-initrd', $initrd)) if $initrd;
977 push(@qemu_flags, ('-dtb', $dtb)) if $dtb;
980 push(@qemu_flags, qw(-serial stdio)); # Redirect serial output (for collecting test restuls)
981 unshift(@qemu_flags, ('-name', $config_name));
982 print STDERR "novaboot: Running: ".shell_cmd_string($qemu, @qemu_flags)."\n";
983 $exp = Expect->spawn(($qemu, @qemu_flags)) || die("exec() failed: $!");
986 ### Local DHCPD and TFTPD
988 my ($dhcpd_pid, $tftpd_pid);
990 $tftp=1 if $tftp_port;
992 if (defined $dhcp_tftp)
994 generate_configs("(nd)", $generated, $filename);
995 system_verbose('mkdir -p tftpboot');
996 generate_grub_config("tftpboot/os-menu.lst", $config_name, "(nd)", \@$modules, "timeout 0");
997 open(my $fh, '>', 'dhcpd.conf');
998 my $mac = `cat /sys/class/net/$netif/address`;
1000 print $fh "subnet 10.23.23.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
1001 range 10.23.23.10 10.23.23.100;
1002 filename \"bin/boot/grub/pxegrub.pxe\";
1003 next-server 10.23.23.1;
1006 hardware ethernet $mac;
1007 fixed-address 10.23.23.1;
1010 system_verbose("sudo ip a add 10.23.23.1/24 dev $netif;
1011 sudo ip l set dev $netif up;
1012 sudo touch dhcpd.leases");
1014 # We run servers by forking ourselves, because the servers end up
1015 # in our process group and get killed by signals sent to the
1016 # process group (e.g. Ctrl-C on terminal).
1017 $dhcpd_pid = fork();
1018 exec_verbose("sudo dhcpd -d -cf dhcpd.conf -lf dhcpd.leases -pf dhcpd.pid") if ($dhcpd_pid == 0);
1021 if (defined $dhcp_tftp || defined $tftp) {
1023 # Unfortunately, tftpd requires root privileges even with
1024 # non-privileged (>1023) port due to initgroups().
1025 system_verbose("sudo in.tftpd --listen --secure -v -v -v --pidfile tftpd.pid --address :$tftp_port $builddir");
1027 # Kill server when we die
1028 $SIG{__DIE__} = sub { system_verbose('sudo pkill --pidfile=dhcpd.pid') if (defined $dhcp_tftp);
1029 system_verbose('sudo pkill --pidfile=tftpd.pid'); };
1031 # We have to kill tftpd explicitely, because it is not in our process group
1032 $SIG{INT} = sub { system_verbose('sudo pkill --pidfile=tftpd.pid'); exit(0); };
1036 if (defined $ider) {
1037 my $ider_cmd= "amtider -c $iso_image -u $amt_user -p $amt_password $amt_host $amt_port" ;
1038 print STDERR "novaboot: Running: $ider_cmd\n" =~ s/\Q$amt_password\E/???/r;
1039 my $ider_pid = fork();
1040 if ($ider_pid == 0) {
1042 die "IDE redirection failed";
1044 # FIXME: This collides with --tftp option. Hopefully, nobody needs
1045 # to use both simultaneously.
1046 $SIG{__DIE__} = sub { system_verbose('kill $ider_pid'); };
1049 ### Reset target (IP relay, AMT, ...)
1051 if (defined $target_reset && $reset) {
1052 print STDERR "novaboot: Reseting the test box... ";
1054 print STDERR "done\n";
1056 # We don't want to output anything printed by the target
1057 # before reset so we clear the buffers now. This is, however,
1058 # not ideal because we may loose some data that were sent
1059 # after the reset. If this is a problem, one should reset and
1060 # connect to serial line in atomic manner. For example, if
1061 # supported by hardware, use --remote-cmd 'sterm -d ...' and
1062 # do not use separate --reset-cmd.
1063 my $log = $exp->log_stdout;
1064 $exp->log_stdout(0);
1065 $exp->expect(0); # Read data from target
1066 $exp->clear_accum(); # Clear the read data
1067 $exp->log_stdout($log);
1071 ### U-boot conversation
1072 if (defined $uboot) {
1073 my $uboot_prompt = $uboot || '=> ';
1074 print STDERR "novaboot: Waiting for U-Boot prompt...\n";
1075 $exp || die("No serial line connection");
1076 $exp->log_stdout(1);
1077 #$exp->exp_internal(1);
1079 [qr/Hit any key to stop autoboot:/, sub { $exp->send("\n"); exp_continue; }],
1080 $uboot_prompt) || die "No U-Boot prompt deteceted";
1081 foreach my $cmdspec (@uboot_init) {
1082 my ($cmd, $timeout);
1083 if (ref($cmdspec) eq "HASH") {
1084 $cmd = $cmdspec->{command};
1085 $timeout = $cmdspec->{timeout};
1090 if ($cmd =~ /\$NB_MYIP/) {
1091 my $ip = (grep /inet /, `ip addr show $netif`)[0] || die "Problem determining our IP address";
1092 $ip =~ s/\s*inet ([0-9.]*).*/$1/;
1093 $cmd =~ s/\$NB_MYIP/$ip/g;
1095 if ($cmd =~ /\$NB_PREFIX/) {
1098 $cmd =~ s/\$NB_PREFIX/$p/g;
1101 $exp->send("$cmd\n");
1102 $exp->expect($timeout, $uboot_prompt) || die "U-Boot prompt timeout";
1105 # Load files if there are some load lines in the script
1106 if (scalar(@$modules) > 0 && !$variables->{NO_BOOT}) {
1107 my ($kbin, $kcmd) = split(' ', shift(@$modules), 2);
1109 @$modules = map { if (/\.dtb$/) { $dtb=$_; (); } else { $_ } } @$modules;
1110 my $initrd = shift @$modules;
1112 if (defined $kbin) {
1113 die "No '--uboot-addr kernel' given" unless $uboot_addr{kernel};
1114 $exp->send("tftpboot $uboot_addr{kernel} $prefix$kbin\n");
1116 [qr/##/, sub { exp_continue; }],
1117 $uboot_prompt) || die "Kernel load timeout";
1120 die "No '--uboot-addr fdt' given" unless $uboot_addr{fdt};
1121 $exp->send("tftpboot $uboot_addr{fdt} $prefix$dtb\n");
1123 [qr/##/, sub { exp_continue; }],
1124 $uboot_prompt) || die "Device tree load timeout";
1126 if (defined $initrd) {
1127 die "No '--uboot-addr ramdisk' given" unless $uboot_addr{ramdisk};
1128 $exp->send("tftpboot $uboot_addr{ramdisk} $prefix$initrd\n");
1130 [qr/##/, sub { exp_continue; }],
1131 $uboot_prompt) || die "Initrd load timeout";
1133 $uboot_addr{ramdisk} = '-';
1137 $exp->send("setenv bootargs $kcmd\n");
1138 $exp->expect(5, $uboot_prompt) || die "U-Boot prompt timeout";
1141 $uboot_cmd //= $variables->{UBOOT_CMD} // 'bootm $kernel_addr $ramdisk_addr $fdt_addr';
1142 if (!$variables->{NO_BOOT} && $uboot_cmd ne '') {
1143 $uboot_cmd =~ s/\$kernel_addr/$uboot_addr{kernel}/g;
1144 $uboot_cmd =~ s/\$ramdisk_addr/$uboot_addr{ramdisk}/g;
1145 $uboot_cmd =~ s/\$fdt_addr/$uboot_addr{fdt}/g;
1147 $exp->send($uboot_cmd . "\n");
1148 $exp->expect(5, "\n") || die "U-Boot command timeout";
1152 ### Serial line interaction
1153 if ($interaction && defined $exp) {
1154 # Serial line of the target is available
1155 my $interrupt = 'Ctrl-C';
1156 if ($interactive && !@exiton) {
1157 $interrupt = '"~~."';
1159 print STDERR "novaboot: Serial line interaction (press $interrupt to interrupt)...\n";
1160 $exp->log_stdout(1);
1162 $exp->expect($exiton_timeout, @expect_raw, @exiton) || die("exiton timeout");
1164 my @inputs = ($exp);
1165 my $infile = new IO::File;
1166 $infile->IO::File::fdopen(*STDIN,'r');
1167 my $in_object = Expect->exp_init($infile);
1168 $in_object->set_group($exp);
1171 $in_object->set_seq('~~\.', sub { print STDERR "novaboot: Escape sequence detected\r\n"; undef; });
1172 $in_object->manual_stty(0); # Use raw terminal mode
1174 $in_object->manual_stty(1); # Do not modify terminal settings
1176 push(@inputs, $in_object);
1178 #print Dumper(\@expect_raw);
1179 $exp->expect(undef, @expect_raw) if @expect_raw;
1180 Expect::interconnect(@inputs) unless defined($exp->exitstatus);
1184 ## Kill dhcpc or tftpd
1185 if (defined $dhcp_tftp || defined $tftp) {
1186 die("novaboot: This should kill servers on background\n");
1189 # Always finish novaboot output with newline
1190 print "\n" if $final_eol;
1197 novaboot - Boots a locally compiled operating system on a remote
1204 B<novaboot> [option]... [--] script...
1206 B<./script> [option]...
1210 Novaboot makes booting of a locally compiled operating system (OS)
1211 (e.g. NOVA or Linux) on remote targets as simple as running a program
1212 locally. It automates things like copying OS images to a TFTP server,
1213 generation of bootloader configuration files, resetting of target
1214 hardware or redirection of target's serial line to stdin/out. Novaboot
1215 is highly configurable and makes it easy to boot a single image on
1216 different targets or different images on a single target.
1218 Novaboot operation is controlled by configuration files, command line
1219 options and by a so called novaboot script, which can be thought as a
1220 generalization of bootloader configuration files (see L</"NOVABOOT
1221 SCRIPT SYNTAX">). Typical way of using novaboot is to make the
1222 novaboot script executable and set its first line to I<#!/usr/bin/env
1223 novaboot>. Then, booting a particular OS configuration becomes the
1224 same as executing a local program – the novaboot script.
1226 Novaboot uses configuration files to, among other things, define
1227 command line options needed for different targets. Users typically use
1228 only the B<-t>/B<--target> command line option to select the target.
1229 Internally, this option expands to the pre-configured options.
1230 Configuration files are searched at multiple places, which allows to
1231 have per-system, per-user or per-project configurations. Configuration
1232 file syntax is described in section L</"CONFIGURATION FILES">.
1234 Simple examples of using C<novaboot>:
1240 Run an OS in Qemu. This can be specified with the B<--qemu> option.
1243 novaboot --qemu myos
1245 (or C<./myos --qemu> as described above) will run Qemu and make it
1246 boot the configuration specified in the F<myos> script.
1250 Create a bootloader configuration file (currently supported
1251 bootloaders are GRUB, GRUB2, ISOLINUX, Pulsar and U-Boot) and copy it
1252 with all other files needed for booting to a remote boot server. Then
1253 use a TCP/IP-controlled relay/serial-to-TCP converter to reset the
1254 target and receive its serial output.
1256 ./myos --grub2 --server=192.168.1.1:/tftp --iprelay=192.168.1.2
1258 Alternatively, you can put these switches to the configuration file
1261 ./myos --target mytarget
1265 Run DHCP and TFTP server on developer's machine to boot the target
1270 This is useful when no network infrastructure is in place and
1271 the target is connected directly to developer's box.
1275 Create bootable ISO image.
1277 novaboot --iso -- script1 script2
1279 The created ISO image will have ISOLINUX bootloader installed on it
1280 and the boot menu will allow selecting between I<script1> and
1281 I<script2> configurations.
1285 =head1 PHASES AND OPTIONS
1287 Novaboot performs its work in several phases. Each phase can be
1288 influenced by several command line options, certain phases can be
1289 skipped. The list of phases (in the execution order) is as follows.
1293 =item 1. L<Configuration reading|/Configuration reading phase>
1295 =item 2. L<Command line processing|/Command line processing phase>
1297 =item 3. L<Script preprocessing|/Script preprocessing phase>
1299 =item 4. L<File generation|/File generation phase>
1301 =item 5. L<Target connection|/Target connection check>
1303 =item 6. L<File deployment|/File deployment phase>
1305 =item 7. L<Target power-on and reset|/Target power-on and reset phase>
1307 =item 8. L<Interaction with the bootloader|/Interaction with the bootloader on the target>
1309 =item 9. L<Target interaction|/Target interaction phase>
1313 Each phase is described in the following sections together with the
1314 command line options that control it.
1316 =head2 Configuration reading phase
1318 After starting, novaboot reads configuration files. Their content is
1319 described in section L</"CONFIGURATION FILES">. By default,
1320 configuration is read from multiple locations. First from the system
1321 configuration directory (F</etc/novaboot.d/>), second from the user
1322 configuration file (F<~/.config/novaboot>) and third from F<.novaboot>
1323 files along the path to the current directory. Alternatively, a single
1324 configuration file specified with the B<-c> switch or with the
1325 C<NOVABOOT_CONFIG> environment variable is read. The latter read files
1326 override settings from the former ones.
1328 The system configuration directory is determined by the content of
1329 NOVABOOT_CONFIG_DIR environment variable and defaults to
1330 F</etc/novaboot.d>. Files in this directory with names consisting
1331 solely of English letters, numbers, dashes '-' and underscores '_'
1332 (note that dot '.' is not included) are read in alphabetical order.
1334 Then, the user configuration file is read from
1335 F<$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/novaboot>. If C<$XDG_CONFIG_HOME> environemnt
1336 variable is not set F<~/.config/novaboot> is read instead.
1338 Finally, novaboot searches for files named F<.novaboot> starting from the
1339 directory of the novaboot script (or working directory, see bellow)
1340 and continuing upwards up to the root directory. The found
1341 configuration files are then read in the opposite order (i.e. from the
1342 root directory downwards). This allows to have, for example, a project
1343 specific configuration in F<~/project/.novaboot>.
1345 Note the difference between F<~/.config/novaboot> and F<~/.novaboot>.
1346 The former one is read always, whereas the latter only when novaboot
1347 script or working directory is under the C<$HOME> directory.
1349 In certain cases, the location of the novaboot script cannot be
1350 determined in this early phase. This happens either when the script is
1351 read from the standard input or when novaboot is invoked explicitly as
1352 in the example L</"4."> above. In this case the current working
1353 directory is used as a starting point for configuration file search
1354 instead of the novaboot script directory.
1358 =item -c, --config=I<filename>
1360 Use the specified configuration file instead of the default one(s).
1364 =head2 Command line processing phase
1370 Dump the current configuration to stdout end exit. Useful as an
1371 initial template for a configuration file.
1375 Print short (B<-h>) or long (B<--help>) help.
1377 =item -t, --target=I<target>
1379 This option serves as a user configurable shortcut for other novaboot
1380 options. The effect of this option is the same as specifying the
1381 options stored in the C<%targets> configuration variable under key
1382 I<target>. See also L</"CONFIGURATION FILES">.
1384 When this option is not given, novaboot tries to determine the target
1385 to use from either B<NOVABOOT_TARGET> environment variable or from
1386 B<$default_target> configuration file variable.
1390 =head2 Script preprocessing phase
1392 This phases allows to modify the parsed novaboot script before it is
1393 used in the later phases.
1397 =item -a, --append=I<parameters>
1399 Append a string to the first C<load> line in the novaboot script. This
1400 can be used to append parameters to the kernel's or root task's
1401 command line. This option can appear multiple times.
1405 Use L<bender|https://github.com/TUD-OS/morbo/blob/master/standalone/bender.c>
1406 chainloader. Bender scans the PCI bus for PCI serial ports and stores
1407 the information about them in the BIOS data area for use by the
1410 =item --chainloader=I<chainloader>
1412 Specifies a chainloader that is loaded before the kernel and other
1413 files specified in the novaboot script. E.g. 'bin/boot/bender
1418 Print the modules to boot and their parameters after this phase
1419 finishes. Then exit. This is useful for seeing the effect of other
1420 options in this section.
1422 =item -k, --kernel=F<file>
1424 Replace the first word on the first C<load> line in the novaboot
1425 script with F<file>.
1427 =item --scriptmod=I<perl expression>
1429 When novaboot script is read, I<perl expression> is executed for every
1430 line (in $_ variable). For example, C<novaboot
1431 --scriptmod=s/sigma0/omega6/g> replaces every occurrence of I<sigma0>
1432 in the script with I<omega6>.
1434 When this option is present, it overrides I<$script_modifier> variable
1435 from the configuration file, which has the same effect. If this option
1436 is given multiple times all expressions are evaluated in the command
1441 =head2 File generation phase
1443 In this phase, files needed for booting are generated in a so called
1444 I<build directory> (see L</--build-dir>). In most cases configuration
1445 for a bootloader is generated automatically by novaboot. It is also
1446 possible to generate other files using I<heredoc> or I<"<"> syntax in
1447 novaboot scripts. Finally, binaries can be generated in this phases by
1448 running C<scons> or C<make>.
1452 =item --build-dir=I<directory>
1454 Overrides the default build directory location.
1456 The default build directory location is determined as follows: If the
1457 configuration file defines the C<$builddir> variable, its value is
1458 used. Otherwise, it is the directory that contains the first processed
1461 See also L</BUILDDIR> variable.
1463 =item -g, --grub[=I<filename>]
1465 Generates grub bootloader menu file. If the I<filename> is not
1466 specified, F<menu.lst> is used. The I<filename> is relative to the
1467 build directory (see B<--build-dir>).
1469 =item --grub-preamble=I<prefix>
1471 Specifies the I<preable> that is at the beginning of the generated
1472 GRUB or GRUB2 config files. This is useful for specifying GRUB's
1475 =item --prefix=I<prefix>
1477 Specifies I<prefix> (e.g. F</srv/tftp>) that is put in front of every
1478 file name in generated bootloader configuration files (or in U-Boot
1481 If the I<prefix> contains string $NAME, it will be replaced with the
1482 name of the novaboot script (see also B<--name>).
1484 If the I<prefix> contains string $BUILDDIR, it will be replaced with
1485 the build directory (see also B<--build-dir>).
1489 Alias for B<--prefix>.
1491 =item --grub2[=I<filename>]
1493 Generate GRUB2 menu entry in I<filename>. If I<filename> is not
1494 specified F<grub.cfg> is used. The content of the menu entry can be
1495 customized with B<--grub-preamble>, B<--grub2-prolog> or
1496 B<--grub_prefix> options.
1498 In order to use the the generated menu entry on your development
1499 machine that uses GRUB2, append the following snippet to
1500 F</etc/grub.d/40_custom> file and regenerate your grub configuration,
1501 i.e. run update-grub on Debian/Ubuntu.
1503 if [ -f /path/to/nul/build/grub.cfg ]; then
1504 source /path/to/nul/build/grub.cfg
1507 =item --grub2-prolog=I<prolog>
1509 Specifies text that is put at the beginning of the GRUB2 menu entry.
1511 =item -m, --make[=make command]
1513 Runs C<make> to build files that are not generated by novaboot itself.
1515 =item --name=I<string>
1517 Use the name I<string> instead of the name of the novaboot script.
1518 This name is used for things like a title of grub menu or for the
1519 server directory where the boot files are copied to.
1523 Do not run external commands to generate files (i.e. "<" syntax and
1524 C<run> keyword). This switch does not influence generation of files
1525 specified with "<<WORD" syntax.
1527 =item -p, --pulsar[=mac]
1529 Generates pulsar bootloader configuration file named F<config-I<mac>>
1530 The I<mac> string is typically a MAC address and defaults to
1533 =item --scons[=scons command]
1535 Runs C<scons> to build files that are not generated by novaboot
1540 Strip I<rom://> prefix from command lines and generated config files.
1541 The I<rom://> prefix is used by NUL. For NRE, it has to be stripped.
1545 Exit novaboot after file generation phase.
1549 =head2 Target connection check
1551 If supported by the target, the connection to it is made and it is
1552 checked whether the target is not occupied by another novaboot
1557 =item --amt=I<"[user[:password]@]host[:port]>
1559 Use Intel AMT technology to control the target machine. WS management
1560 is used to powercycle it and Serial-Over-Lan (SOL) for input/output.
1561 The hostname or (IP address) is given by the I<host> parameter. If
1562 I<password> is not specified, environment variable AMT_PASSWORD is
1563 used. The I<port> specifies a TCP port for SOL. If not specified, the
1564 default is 16992. Default I<user> is admin.
1566 =item --iprelay=I<addr[:port]>
1568 Use TCP/IP relay and serial port to access the target's serial port
1569 and powercycle it. The IP address of the relay is given by I<addr>
1570 parameter. If I<port> is not specified, it default to 23.
1572 Note: This option is supposed to work with HWG-ER02a IP relays.
1574 =item -s, --serial[=device]
1576 Target's serial line is connected to host's serial line (device). The
1577 default value for device is F</dev/ttyUSB0>.
1579 The value of this option is exported in NB_NOVABOOT environment
1580 variable to all subprocesses run by C<novaboot>.
1582 =item --stty=I<settings>
1584 Specifies settings passed to C<stty> invoked on the serial line
1585 specified with B<--serial> option. If this option is not given,
1586 C<stty> is called with C<raw -crtscts -onlcr 115200> settings.
1588 =item --remote-cmd=I<cmd>
1590 Command that mediates connection to the target's serial line. For
1591 example C<ssh server 'cu -l /dev/ttyS0'>.
1593 =item --remote-expect=I<string>
1595 Wait for reception of I<string> after establishing the remote
1598 =item --remote-expect-silent=I<string>
1600 The same as B<--remote-expect> except that the remote output is not
1601 echoed to stdout while waiting for the I<string>. Everything after the
1602 matched string is printed to stdout, so you may want to include line
1603 end characters in the I<string> as well.
1607 =head2 File deployment phase
1609 In some setups, it is necessary to copy the files needed for booting
1610 to a particular location, e.g. to a TFTP boot server or to the
1615 =item -d, --dhcp-tftp
1617 Turns your workstation into a DHCP and TFTP server so that the OS can
1618 be booted via PXE BIOS (or similar mechanism) on the test machine
1619 directly connected by a plain Ethernet cable to your workstation.
1621 The DHCP and TFTP servers requires root privileges and C<novaboot>
1622 uses C<sudo> command to obtain those. You can put the following to
1623 I</etc/sudoers> to allow running the necessary commands without asking
1626 Cmnd_Alias NOVABOOT = /bin/ip a add 10.23.23.1/24 dev eth0, /bin/ip l set dev eth0 up, /usr/sbin/dhcpd -d -cf dhcpd.conf -lf dhcpd.leases -pf dhcpd.pid, /usr/sbin/in.tftpd --listen --secure -v -v -v --pidfile tftpd.pid *, /usr/bin/touch dhcpd.leases, /usr/bin/pkill --pidfile=dhcpd.pid, /usr/bin/pkill --pidfile=tftpd.pid
1627 your_login ALL=NOPASSWD: NOVABOOT
1631 Starts a TFTP server on your workstation. This is similar to
1632 B<--dhcp-tftp> except that DHCP server is not started.
1634 The TFTP server require root privileges and C<novaboot> uses C<sudo>
1635 command to obtain those. You can put the following to I</etc/sudoers>
1636 to allow running the necessary commands without asking for password.
1638 Cmnd_Alias NOVABOOT = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd --listen --secure -v -v -v --pidfile tftpd.pid *, /usr/bin/pkill --pidfile=tftpd.pid
1639 your_login ALL=NOPASSWD: NOVABOOT
1641 =item --tftp-port=I<port>
1643 Port to run the TFTP server on. Implies B<--tftp>.
1645 =item --netif=I<network interface>
1647 Network interface used to deploy files to the target. Default value is
1648 I<eth0>. This influences the configuration of the DHCP server started
1649 by B<--dhcp-tftp> and the value that B<$NB_MYIP> get replaced with in
1650 U-Boot conversation.
1652 =item --iso[=filename]
1654 Generates the ISO image that boots NOVA system via GRUB. If no filename
1655 is given, the image is stored under I<NAME>.iso, where I<NAME> is the name
1656 of the novaboot script (see also B<--name>).
1658 =item --server[=[[user@]server:]path]
1660 Copy all files needed for booting to another location. The files will
1661 be copied (by B<rsync> tool) to the directory I<path>. If the I<path>
1662 contains string $NAME, it will be replaced with the name of the
1663 novaboot script (see also B<--name>).
1665 =item --rsync-flags=I<flags>
1667 Specifies which I<flags> are appended to F<rsync> command line when
1668 copying files as a result of I<--server> option.
1672 If B<--server> is used and its value ends with $NAME, then after
1673 copying the files, a new bootloader configuration file (e.g. menu.lst)
1674 is created at I<path-wo-name>, i.e. the path specified by B<--server>
1675 with $NAME part removed. The content of the file is created by
1676 concatenating all files of the same name from all subdirectories of
1677 I<path-wo-name> found on the "server".
1681 Use Intel AMT technology for IDE redirection. This allows the target
1682 machine to boot from novaboot created ISO image. Implies B<--iso>.
1684 The experimental C<amtider> utility needed by this option can be
1685 obtained from https://github.com/wentasah/amtterm.
1689 =head2 Target power-on and reset phase
1691 At this point, the target is reset (or switched on/off). There is
1692 several ways how this can be accomplished. Resetting a physical target
1693 can currently be accomplished by the following options: B<--amt>,
1694 B<--iprelay>, B<--reset-cmd> and B<--reset-send>.
1700 Switch on/off the target machine and exit. The script (if any) is
1701 completely ignored. Currently it works only with B<--iprelay> or
1704 =item -Q, --qemu[=I<qemu-binary>]
1706 Boot the configuration in qemu. Optionally, the name of qemu binary
1707 can be specified as a parameter.
1709 =item --qemu-append=I<flags>
1711 Append I<flags> to the default qemu flags (QEMU_FLAGS variable or
1712 C<-cpu coreduo -smp 2>).
1714 =item -q, --qemu-flags=I<flags>
1716 Replace the default qemu flags (QEMU_FLAGS variable or C<-cpu coreduo
1717 -smp 2>) with I<flags> specified here.
1719 =item --reset-cmd=I<cmd>
1721 Command that resets the target.
1723 =item --reset-send=I<string>
1725 Reset the target by sending the given I<string> to the remote serial
1726 line. "\n" sequences are replaced with newline character.
1728 =item --no-reset, --reset
1730 Disable/enable resetting of the target.
1734 =head2 Interaction with the bootloader on the target
1738 =item --uboot[=I<prompt>]
1740 Interact with U-Boot bootloader to boot the thing described in the
1741 novaboot script. I<prompt> specifies the U-Boot's prompt (default is
1742 "=> ", other common prompts are "U-Boot> " or "U-Boot# ").
1743 Implementation of this option is currently tied to a particular board
1744 that we use. It may be subject to changes in the future!
1748 Disable U-Boot interaction previously enabled with B<--uboot>.
1752 Command(s) to send the U-Boot bootloader before loading the images and
1753 booting them. This option can be given multiple times. After sending
1754 commands from each option novaboot waits for U-Boot I<prompt>.
1756 If the command contains string I<$NB_MYIP> then this string is
1757 replaced by IPv4 address of eth0 interface (see also B<--netif>).
1758 Similarly I<$NB_PREFIX> is replaced with prefix given by B<--prefix>.
1760 See also C<uboot> keyword in L</"NOVABOOT SCRIPT SYNTAX">).
1762 =item --uboot-addr I<name>=I<address>
1764 Load address of U-Boot's C<tftpboot> command for loading I<name>,
1765 where name is one of I<kernel>, I<ramdisk> or I<fdt> (flattened device
1768 The default addresses are ${I<name>_addr_r}, i.e. U-Boot environment
1769 variables used by convention for this purpose.
1771 =item --uboot-cmd=I<command>
1773 Specifies U-Boot command used to execute the OS. If the command
1774 contains strings C<$kernel_addr>, C<$ramdisk_addr>, C<$fdt_addr>,
1775 these are replaced with the addresses configured with B<--uboot-addr>.
1777 The default value is
1779 bootm $kernel_addr $ramdisk_addr $fdt_addr
1781 or the C<UBOOT_CMD> variable if defined in the novaboot script.
1785 =head2 Target interaction phase
1787 In this phase, target's serial output is redirected to stdout and if
1788 stdin is a TTY, it is redirected to the target's serial input allowing
1789 interactive work with the target.
1793 =item --exiton=I<string>
1795 When I<string> is sent by the target, novaboot exits. This option can
1796 be specified multiple times, in which case novaboot exits whenever
1797 either of the specified strings is sent.
1799 If I<string> is C<-re>, then the next B<--exiton>'s I<string> is
1800 treated as regular expression. For example:
1802 --exiton -re --exiton 'error:.*failed'
1804 =item --exiton-re=I<regex>
1806 The same as --exiton -re --exiton I<regex>.
1808 =item --exiton-timeout=I<seconds>
1810 By default B<--exiton> waits for the string match forever. When this
1811 option is specified, "exiton" timeouts after the specifies number of
1812 seconds and novaboot returns non-zero exit code.
1814 =item -i, --interactive
1816 Setup things for interactive use of target. Your terminal will be
1817 switched to raw mode. In raw mode, your system does not process input
1818 in any way (no echoing of entered characters, no interpretation
1819 special characters). This, among others, means that Ctrl-C is passed
1820 to the target and does no longer interrupt novaboot. Use "~~."
1821 sequence to exit novaboot.
1823 =item --no-interaction, --interaction
1825 Skip resp. force target interaction phase. When skipped, novaboot exits
1826 immediately when boot is initiated.
1828 =item --expect=I<string>
1830 When I<string> is received from the target, send the string specified
1831 with the subsequent B<--send*> option to the target.
1833 =item --expect-re=I<regex>
1835 When target's output matches regular expression I<regex>, send the
1836 string specified with the subsequent B<--send*> option to the target.
1838 =item --expect-raw=I<perl-code>
1840 Provides direct control over Perl's Expect module.
1842 =item --send=I<string>
1844 Send I<string> to the target after the previously specified
1845 B<--expect*> was matched in the target's output. The I<string> may
1846 contain escape sequences such as "\n".
1848 Note that I<string> is actually interpreted by Perl, so it can contain
1849 much more that escape sequences. This behavior may change in the
1852 Example: C<--expect='login: ' --send='root\n'>
1854 =item --sendcont=I<string>
1856 Similar to B<--send> but continue expecting more input.
1858 Example: C<--expect='Continue?' --sendcont='yes\n'>
1860 =item --final-eol, --no-final-eol
1862 By default, B<novaboot> always prints an end-of-line character at the
1863 end of its execution in order to ensure that the output of programs
1864 started after novaboot appears at the beginning of the line. When this
1865 is not desired B<--no-final-eol> option can be used to override this
1870 =head1 NOVABOOT SCRIPT SYNTAX
1872 The syntax tries to mimic POSIX shell syntax. The syntax is defined
1873 with the following rules.
1875 Lines starting with "#" and empty lines are ignored.
1877 Lines that end with "\" are concatenated with the following line after
1878 removal of the final "\" and leading whitespace of the following line.
1880 Lines of the form I<VARIABLE=...> (i.e. matching '^[A-Z_]+=' regular
1881 expression) assign values to internal variables. See L</VARIABLES>
1884 Lines starting with C<load> keyword represent modules to boot. The
1885 word after C<load> is a file name (relative to the build directory
1886 (see B<--build-dir>) of the module to load and the remaining words are
1887 passed to it as the command line parameters.
1889 When the C<load> line ends with "<<WORD" then the subsequent lines
1890 until the line containing solely WORD are copied literally to the file
1891 named on that line. This is similar to shell's heredoc feature.
1893 When the C<load> line ends with "< CMD" then command CMD is executed
1894 with F</bin/sh> and its standard output is stored in the file named on
1895 that line. The SRCDIR variable in CMD's environment is set to the
1896 absolute path of the directory containing the interpreted novaboot
1899 Lines starting with C<run> keyword contain shell commands that are run
1900 during file generation phase. This is the same as the "< CMD" syntax
1901 for C<load> keyboard except that the command's output is not
1902 redirected to a file. The ordering of commands is the same as they
1903 appear in the novaboot script.
1905 Lines starting with C<uboot> represent U-Boot commands that are sent
1906 to the target if B<--uboot> option is given. Having a U-Boot line in
1907 the novaboot script is the same as passing an equivalent
1908 B<--uboot-init> option to novaboot. The C<uboot> keyword can be
1909 suffixed with timeout specification. The syntax is C<uboot:Ns>, where
1910 C<N> is the whole number of seconds. If the U-Boot command prompt does
1911 not appear before the timeout, novaboot fails. The default timeout is
1916 #!/usr/bin/env novaboot
1917 load bzImage console=ttyS0,115200
1918 run make -C buildroot
1919 load rootfs.cpio < gen_cpio buildroot/images/rootfs.cpio "myapp->/etc/init.d/S99myapp"
1921 Example (NOVA User Land - NUL):
1923 #!/usr/bin/env novaboot
1924 WVDESC=Example program
1925 load bin/apps/sigma0.nul S0_DEFAULT script_start:1,1 \
1926 verbose hostkeyb:0,0x60,1,12,2
1927 load bin/apps/hello.nul
1928 load hello.nulconfig <<EOF
1929 sigma0::mem:16 name::/s0/log name::/s0/timer name::/s0/fs/rom ||
1930 rom://bin/apps/hello.nul
1933 This example will load three modules: F<sigma0.nul>, F<hello.nul> and
1934 F<hello.nulconfig>. sigma0 receives some command line parameters and
1935 F<hello.nulconfig> file is generated on the fly from the lines between
1936 C<<<EOF> and C<EOF>.
1940 The following variables are interpreted in the novaboot script:
1946 Novaboot chdir()s to this directory before file generation phase. The
1947 directory name specified here is relative to the build directory
1948 specified by other means (see L</--build-dir>).
1952 Assigning this variable has the same effect as specifying L</--exiton>
1955 =item HYPERVISOR_PARAMS
1957 Parameters passed to hypervisor. The default value is "serial", unless
1958 overridden in configuration file.
1962 The kernel to use instead of the hypervisor specified in the
1963 configuration file with the C<$hypervisor> variable. The value should
1964 contain the name of the kernel image as well as its command line
1965 parameters. If this variable is defined and non-empty, the variable
1966 HYPERVISOR_PARAMS is not used.
1970 If this variable is 1, the system is not booted. This is currently
1971 only implemented for U-Boot bootloader where it is useful for
1972 interacting with the bootloader without booting the system - e.g. for
1977 Use a specific qemu binary (can be overridden with B<-Q>) and flags
1978 when booting this script under qemu. If QEMU_FLAGS variable is also
1979 specified flags specified in QEMU variable are replaced by those in
1984 Use specific qemu flags (can be overridden with B<-q>).
1988 See L</--uboot-cmd>.
1992 Description of the WvTest-compliant program.
1994 =item WVTEST_TIMEOUT
1996 The timeout in seconds for WvTest harness. If no complete line appears
1997 in the test output within the time specified here, the test fails. It
1998 is necessary to specify this for long running tests that produce no
1999 intermediate output.
2003 =head1 CONFIGURATION FILES
2005 Novaboot can read its configuration from one or more files. By
2006 default, novaboot looks for files in F</etc/novaboot.d>, file
2007 F<~/.config/novaboot> and files named F<.novaboot> as described in
2008 L</Configuration reading phase>. Alternatively, configuration file
2009 location can be specified with the B<-c> switch or with the
2010 NOVABOOT_CONFIG environment variable. The configuration file has Perl
2011 syntax (i.e. it is better to put C<1;> as the last line) and should set
2012 values of certain Perl variables. The current configuration can be
2013 dumped with the B<--dump-config> switch. Some configuration variables
2014 can be overridden by environment variables (see below) or by command
2017 Supported configuration variables include:
2023 Build directory location relative to the location of the configuration
2026 =item $default_target
2028 Default target (see below) to use when no target is explicitly
2029 specified with the B<--target> command line option or
2030 B<NOVABOOT_TARGET> environment variable.
2034 Hash of target definitions to be used with the B<--target> option. The
2035 key is the identifier of the target, the value is the string with
2036 command line options. For instance, if the configuration file contains:
2038 $targets{'mybox'} = '--server=boot:/tftproot --serial=/dev/ttyUSB0 --grub',
2040 then the following two commands are equivalent:
2042 ./myos --server=boot:/tftproot --serial=/dev/ttyUSB0 --grub
2047 =head1 ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
2049 Some options can be specified not only via config file or command line
2050 but also through environment variables. Environment variables override
2051 the values from configuration file and command line parameters
2052 override the environment variables.
2056 =item NOVABOOT_CONFIG
2058 Name of the novaboot configuration file to use instead of the default
2061 =item NOVABOOT_CONFIG_DIR
2063 Name of the novaboot configuration directory. When not specified
2064 F</etc/novaboot.d> is used.
2066 =item NOVABOOT_TARGET
2068 Name of the novaboot target to use. This overrides the value of
2069 B<$default_target> from the configuration file and can be overriden
2070 with the B<--target> command line option.
2072 =item NOVABOOT_BENDER
2074 Defining this variable has the same effect as using B<--bender>
2081 Michal Sojka <sojka@os.inf.tu-dresden.de>
2083 Latest novaboot version can be found at
2084 L<https://github.com/wentasah/novaboot>.
2088 # LocalWords: novaboot Novaboot NOVABOOT TFTP PXE DHCP filename stty
2089 # LocalWords: chainloader stdout Qemu qemu preprocessing ISOLINUX bootable
2090 # LocalWords: config subprocesses sudo sudoers tftp dhcp IDE stdin
2091 # LocalWords: subdirectories TTY whitespace heredoc POSIX WvTest