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1 /*
2  * QEMU live migration
3  *
4  * Copyright IBM, Corp. 2008
5  *
6  * Authors:
7  *  Anthony Liguori   <aliguori@us.ibm.com>
8  *
9  * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2.  See
10  * the COPYING file in the top-level directory.
11  *
12  * Contributions after 2012-01-13 are licensed under the terms of the
13  * GNU GPL, version 2 or (at your option) any later version.
14  */
15
16 #include "qemu-common.h"
17 #include "qemu/main-loop.h"
18 #include "migration/migration.h"
19 #include "monitor/monitor.h"
20 #include "migration/qemu-file.h"
21 #include "sysemu/sysemu.h"
22 #include "block/block.h"
23 #include "qemu/sockets.h"
24 #include "migration/block.h"
25 #include "qemu/thread.h"
26 #include "qmp-commands.h"
27 #include "trace.h"
28
29 enum {
30     MIG_STATE_ERROR = -1,
31     MIG_STATE_NONE,
32     MIG_STATE_SETUP,
33     MIG_STATE_CANCELLING,
34     MIG_STATE_CANCELLED,
35     MIG_STATE_ACTIVE,
36     MIG_STATE_COMPLETED,
37 };
38
39 #define MAX_THROTTLE  (32 << 20)      /* Migration speed throttling */
40
41 /* Amount of time to allocate to each "chunk" of bandwidth-throttled
42  * data. */
43 #define BUFFER_DELAY     100
44 #define XFER_LIMIT_RATIO (1000 / BUFFER_DELAY)
45
46 /* Migration XBZRLE default cache size */
47 #define DEFAULT_MIGRATE_CACHE_SIZE (64 * 1024 * 1024)
48
49 static NotifierList migration_state_notifiers =
50     NOTIFIER_LIST_INITIALIZER(migration_state_notifiers);
51
52 /* When we add fault tolerance, we could have several
53    migrations at once.  For now we don't need to add
54    dynamic creation of migration */
55
56 MigrationState *migrate_get_current(void)
57 {
58     static MigrationState current_migration = {
59         .state = MIG_STATE_NONE,
60         .bandwidth_limit = MAX_THROTTLE,
61         .xbzrle_cache_size = DEFAULT_MIGRATE_CACHE_SIZE,
62         .mbps = -1,
63     };
64
65     return &current_migration;
66 }
67
68 void qemu_start_incoming_migration(const char *uri, Error **errp)
69 {
70     const char *p;
71
72     if (strstart(uri, "tcp:", &p))
73         tcp_start_incoming_migration(p, errp);
74 #ifdef CONFIG_RDMA
75     else if (strstart(uri, "rdma:", &p))
76         rdma_start_incoming_migration(p, errp);
77 #endif
78 #if !defined(WIN32)
79     else if (strstart(uri, "exec:", &p))
80         exec_start_incoming_migration(p, errp);
81     else if (strstart(uri, "unix:", &p))
82         unix_start_incoming_migration(p, errp);
83     else if (strstart(uri, "fd:", &p))
84         fd_start_incoming_migration(p, errp);
85 #endif
86     else {
87         error_setg(errp, "unknown migration protocol: %s", uri);
88     }
89 }
90
91 static void process_incoming_migration_co(void *opaque)
92 {
93     QEMUFile *f = opaque;
94     Error *local_err = NULL;
95     int ret;
96
97     ret = qemu_loadvm_state(f);
98     qemu_fclose(f);
99     free_xbzrle_decoded_buf();
100     if (ret < 0) {
101         error_report("load of migration failed: %s", strerror(-ret));
102         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
103     }
104     qemu_announce_self();
105
106     bdrv_clear_incoming_migration_all();
107     /* Make sure all file formats flush their mutable metadata */
108     bdrv_invalidate_cache_all(&local_err);
109     if (local_err) {
110         qerror_report_err(local_err);
111         error_free(local_err);
112         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
113     }
114
115     if (autostart) {
116         vm_start();
117     } else {
118         runstate_set(RUN_STATE_PAUSED);
119     }
120 }
121
122 void process_incoming_migration(QEMUFile *f)
123 {
124     Coroutine *co = qemu_coroutine_create(process_incoming_migration_co);
125     int fd = qemu_get_fd(f);
126
127     assert(fd != -1);
128     qemu_set_nonblock(fd);
129     qemu_coroutine_enter(co, f);
130 }
131
132 /* amount of nanoseconds we are willing to wait for migration to be down.
133  * the choice of nanoseconds is because it is the maximum resolution that
134  * get_clock() can achieve. It is an internal measure. All user-visible
135  * units must be in seconds */
136 static uint64_t max_downtime = 300000000;
137
138 uint64_t migrate_max_downtime(void)
139 {
140     return max_downtime;
141 }
142
143 MigrationCapabilityStatusList *qmp_query_migrate_capabilities(Error **errp)
144 {
145     MigrationCapabilityStatusList *head = NULL;
146     MigrationCapabilityStatusList *caps;
147     MigrationState *s = migrate_get_current();
148     int i;
149
150     caps = NULL; /* silence compiler warning */
151     for (i = 0; i < MIGRATION_CAPABILITY_MAX; i++) {
152         if (head == NULL) {
153             head = g_malloc0(sizeof(*caps));
154             caps = head;
155         } else {
156             caps->next = g_malloc0(sizeof(*caps));
157             caps = caps->next;
158         }
159         caps->value =
160             g_malloc(sizeof(*caps->value));
161         caps->value->capability = i;
162         caps->value->state = s->enabled_capabilities[i];
163     }
164
165     return head;
166 }
167
168 static void get_xbzrle_cache_stats(MigrationInfo *info)
169 {
170     if (migrate_use_xbzrle()) {
171         info->has_xbzrle_cache = true;
172         info->xbzrle_cache = g_malloc0(sizeof(*info->xbzrle_cache));
173         info->xbzrle_cache->cache_size = migrate_xbzrle_cache_size();
174         info->xbzrle_cache->bytes = xbzrle_mig_bytes_transferred();
175         info->xbzrle_cache->pages = xbzrle_mig_pages_transferred();
176         info->xbzrle_cache->cache_miss = xbzrle_mig_pages_cache_miss();
177         info->xbzrle_cache->cache_miss_rate = xbzrle_mig_cache_miss_rate();
178         info->xbzrle_cache->overflow = xbzrle_mig_pages_overflow();
179     }
180 }
181
182 MigrationInfo *qmp_query_migrate(Error **errp)
183 {
184     MigrationInfo *info = g_malloc0(sizeof(*info));
185     MigrationState *s = migrate_get_current();
186
187     switch (s->state) {
188     case MIG_STATE_NONE:
189         /* no migration has happened ever */
190         break;
191     case MIG_STATE_SETUP:
192         info->has_status = true;
193         info->status = g_strdup("setup");
194         info->has_total_time = false;
195         break;
196     case MIG_STATE_ACTIVE:
197     case MIG_STATE_CANCELLING:
198         info->has_status = true;
199         info->status = g_strdup("active");
200         info->has_total_time = true;
201         info->total_time = qemu_clock_get_ms(QEMU_CLOCK_REALTIME)
202             - s->total_time;
203         info->has_expected_downtime = true;
204         info->expected_downtime = s->expected_downtime;
205         info->has_setup_time = true;
206         info->setup_time = s->setup_time;
207
208         info->has_ram = true;
209         info->ram = g_malloc0(sizeof(*info->ram));
210         info->ram->transferred = ram_bytes_transferred();
211         info->ram->remaining = ram_bytes_remaining();
212         info->ram->total = ram_bytes_total();
213         info->ram->duplicate = dup_mig_pages_transferred();
214         info->ram->skipped = skipped_mig_pages_transferred();
215         info->ram->normal = norm_mig_pages_transferred();
216         info->ram->normal_bytes = norm_mig_bytes_transferred();
217         info->ram->dirty_pages_rate = s->dirty_pages_rate;
218         info->ram->mbps = s->mbps;
219         info->ram->dirty_sync_count = s->dirty_sync_count;
220
221         if (blk_mig_active()) {
222             info->has_disk = true;
223             info->disk = g_malloc0(sizeof(*info->disk));
224             info->disk->transferred = blk_mig_bytes_transferred();
225             info->disk->remaining = blk_mig_bytes_remaining();
226             info->disk->total = blk_mig_bytes_total();
227         }
228
229         get_xbzrle_cache_stats(info);
230         break;
231     case MIG_STATE_COMPLETED:
232         get_xbzrle_cache_stats(info);
233
234         info->has_status = true;
235         info->status = g_strdup("completed");
236         info->has_total_time = true;
237         info->total_time = s->total_time;
238         info->has_downtime = true;
239         info->downtime = s->downtime;
240         info->has_setup_time = true;
241         info->setup_time = s->setup_time;
242
243         info->has_ram = true;
244         info->ram = g_malloc0(sizeof(*info->ram));
245         info->ram->transferred = ram_bytes_transferred();
246         info->ram->remaining = 0;
247         info->ram->total = ram_bytes_total();
248         info->ram->duplicate = dup_mig_pages_transferred();
249         info->ram->skipped = skipped_mig_pages_transferred();
250         info->ram->normal = norm_mig_pages_transferred();
251         info->ram->normal_bytes = norm_mig_bytes_transferred();
252         info->ram->mbps = s->mbps;
253         info->ram->dirty_sync_count = s->dirty_sync_count;
254         break;
255     case MIG_STATE_ERROR:
256         info->has_status = true;
257         info->status = g_strdup("failed");
258         break;
259     case MIG_STATE_CANCELLED:
260         info->has_status = true;
261         info->status = g_strdup("cancelled");
262         break;
263     }
264
265     return info;
266 }
267
268 void qmp_migrate_set_capabilities(MigrationCapabilityStatusList *params,
269                                   Error **errp)
270 {
271     MigrationState *s = migrate_get_current();
272     MigrationCapabilityStatusList *cap;
273
274     if (s->state == MIG_STATE_ACTIVE || s->state == MIG_STATE_SETUP) {
275         error_set(errp, QERR_MIGRATION_ACTIVE);
276         return;
277     }
278
279     for (cap = params; cap; cap = cap->next) {
280         s->enabled_capabilities[cap->value->capability] = cap->value->state;
281     }
282 }
283
284 /* shared migration helpers */
285
286 static void migrate_set_state(MigrationState *s, int old_state, int new_state)
287 {
288     if (atomic_cmpxchg(&s->state, old_state, new_state) == new_state) {
289         trace_migrate_set_state(new_state);
290     }
291 }
292
293 static void migrate_fd_cleanup(void *opaque)
294 {
295     MigrationState *s = opaque;
296
297     qemu_bh_delete(s->cleanup_bh);
298     s->cleanup_bh = NULL;
299
300     if (s->file) {
301         trace_migrate_fd_cleanup();
302         qemu_mutex_unlock_iothread();
303         qemu_thread_join(&s->thread);
304         qemu_mutex_lock_iothread();
305
306         qemu_fclose(s->file);
307         s->file = NULL;
308     }
309
310     assert(s->state != MIG_STATE_ACTIVE);
311
312     if (s->state != MIG_STATE_COMPLETED) {
313         qemu_savevm_state_cancel();
314         if (s->state == MIG_STATE_CANCELLING) {
315             migrate_set_state(s, MIG_STATE_CANCELLING, MIG_STATE_CANCELLED);
316         }
317     }
318
319     notifier_list_notify(&migration_state_notifiers, s);
320 }
321
322 void migrate_fd_error(MigrationState *s)
323 {
324     trace_migrate_fd_error();
325     assert(s->file == NULL);
326     s->state = MIG_STATE_ERROR;
327     trace_migrate_set_state(MIG_STATE_ERROR);
328     notifier_list_notify(&migration_state_notifiers, s);
329 }
330
331 static void migrate_fd_cancel(MigrationState *s)
332 {
333     int old_state ;
334     trace_migrate_fd_cancel();
335
336     do {
337         old_state = s->state;
338         if (old_state != MIG_STATE_SETUP && old_state != MIG_STATE_ACTIVE) {
339             break;
340         }
341         migrate_set_state(s, old_state, MIG_STATE_CANCELLING);
342     } while (s->state != MIG_STATE_CANCELLING);
343 }
344
345 void add_migration_state_change_notifier(Notifier *notify)
346 {
347     notifier_list_add(&migration_state_notifiers, notify);
348 }
349
350 void remove_migration_state_change_notifier(Notifier *notify)
351 {
352     notifier_remove(notify);
353 }
354
355 bool migration_in_setup(MigrationState *s)
356 {
357     return s->state == MIG_STATE_SETUP;
358 }
359
360 bool migration_has_finished(MigrationState *s)
361 {
362     return s->state == MIG_STATE_COMPLETED;
363 }
364
365 bool migration_has_failed(MigrationState *s)
366 {
367     return (s->state == MIG_STATE_CANCELLED ||
368             s->state == MIG_STATE_ERROR);
369 }
370
371 static MigrationState *migrate_init(const MigrationParams *params)
372 {
373     MigrationState *s = migrate_get_current();
374     int64_t bandwidth_limit = s->bandwidth_limit;
375     bool enabled_capabilities[MIGRATION_CAPABILITY_MAX];
376     int64_t xbzrle_cache_size = s->xbzrle_cache_size;
377
378     memcpy(enabled_capabilities, s->enabled_capabilities,
379            sizeof(enabled_capabilities));
380
381     memset(s, 0, sizeof(*s));
382     s->params = *params;
383     memcpy(s->enabled_capabilities, enabled_capabilities,
384            sizeof(enabled_capabilities));
385     s->xbzrle_cache_size = xbzrle_cache_size;
386
387     s->bandwidth_limit = bandwidth_limit;
388     s->state = MIG_STATE_SETUP;
389     trace_migrate_set_state(MIG_STATE_SETUP);
390
391     s->total_time = qemu_clock_get_ms(QEMU_CLOCK_REALTIME);
392     return s;
393 }
394
395 static GSList *migration_blockers;
396
397 void migrate_add_blocker(Error *reason)
398 {
399     migration_blockers = g_slist_prepend(migration_blockers, reason);
400 }
401
402 void migrate_del_blocker(Error *reason)
403 {
404     migration_blockers = g_slist_remove(migration_blockers, reason);
405 }
406
407 void qmp_migrate(const char *uri, bool has_blk, bool blk,
408                  bool has_inc, bool inc, bool has_detach, bool detach,
409                  Error **errp)
410 {
411     Error *local_err = NULL;
412     MigrationState *s = migrate_get_current();
413     MigrationParams params;
414     const char *p;
415
416     params.blk = has_blk && blk;
417     params.shared = has_inc && inc;
418
419     if (s->state == MIG_STATE_ACTIVE || s->state == MIG_STATE_SETUP ||
420         s->state == MIG_STATE_CANCELLING) {
421         error_set(errp, QERR_MIGRATION_ACTIVE);
422         return;
423     }
424
425     if (runstate_check(RUN_STATE_INMIGRATE)) {
426         error_setg(errp, "Guest is waiting for an incoming migration");
427         return;
428     }
429
430     if (qemu_savevm_state_blocked(errp)) {
431         return;
432     }
433
434     if (migration_blockers) {
435         *errp = error_copy(migration_blockers->data);
436         return;
437     }
438
439     s = migrate_init(&params);
440
441     if (strstart(uri, "tcp:", &p)) {
442         tcp_start_outgoing_migration(s, p, &local_err);
443 #ifdef CONFIG_RDMA
444     } else if (strstart(uri, "rdma:", &p)) {
445         rdma_start_outgoing_migration(s, p, &local_err);
446 #endif
447 #if !defined(WIN32)
448     } else if (strstart(uri, "exec:", &p)) {
449         exec_start_outgoing_migration(s, p, &local_err);
450     } else if (strstart(uri, "unix:", &p)) {
451         unix_start_outgoing_migration(s, p, &local_err);
452     } else if (strstart(uri, "fd:", &p)) {
453         fd_start_outgoing_migration(s, p, &local_err);
454 #endif
455     } else {
456         error_set(errp, QERR_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE, "uri", "a valid migration protocol");
457         s->state = MIG_STATE_ERROR;
458         return;
459     }
460
461     if (local_err) {
462         migrate_fd_error(s);
463         error_propagate(errp, local_err);
464         return;
465     }
466 }
467
468 void qmp_migrate_cancel(Error **errp)
469 {
470     migrate_fd_cancel(migrate_get_current());
471 }
472
473 void qmp_migrate_set_cache_size(int64_t value, Error **errp)
474 {
475     MigrationState *s = migrate_get_current();
476     int64_t new_size;
477
478     /* Check for truncation */
479     if (value != (size_t)value) {
480         error_set(errp, QERR_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE, "cache size",
481                   "exceeding address space");
482         return;
483     }
484
485     /* Cache should not be larger than guest ram size */
486     if (value > ram_bytes_total()) {
487         error_set(errp, QERR_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE, "cache size",
488                   "exceeds guest ram size ");
489         return;
490     }
491
492     new_size = xbzrle_cache_resize(value);
493     if (new_size < 0) {
494         error_set(errp, QERR_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE, "cache size",
495                   "is smaller than page size");
496         return;
497     }
498
499     s->xbzrle_cache_size = new_size;
500 }
501
502 int64_t qmp_query_migrate_cache_size(Error **errp)
503 {
504     return migrate_xbzrle_cache_size();
505 }
506
507 void qmp_migrate_set_speed(int64_t value, Error **errp)
508 {
509     MigrationState *s;
510
511     if (value < 0) {
512         value = 0;
513     }
514     if (value > SIZE_MAX) {
515         value = SIZE_MAX;
516     }
517
518     s = migrate_get_current();
519     s->bandwidth_limit = value;
520     if (s->file) {
521         qemu_file_set_rate_limit(s->file, s->bandwidth_limit / XFER_LIMIT_RATIO);
522     }
523 }
524
525 void qmp_migrate_set_downtime(double value, Error **errp)
526 {
527     value *= 1e9;
528     value = MAX(0, MIN(UINT64_MAX, value));
529     max_downtime = (uint64_t)value;
530 }
531
532 bool migrate_rdma_pin_all(void)
533 {
534     MigrationState *s;
535
536     s = migrate_get_current();
537
538     return s->enabled_capabilities[MIGRATION_CAPABILITY_RDMA_PIN_ALL];
539 }
540
541 bool migrate_auto_converge(void)
542 {
543     MigrationState *s;
544
545     s = migrate_get_current();
546
547     return s->enabled_capabilities[MIGRATION_CAPABILITY_AUTO_CONVERGE];
548 }
549
550 bool migrate_zero_blocks(void)
551 {
552     MigrationState *s;
553
554     s = migrate_get_current();
555
556     return s->enabled_capabilities[MIGRATION_CAPABILITY_ZERO_BLOCKS];
557 }
558
559 int migrate_use_xbzrle(void)
560 {
561     MigrationState *s;
562
563     s = migrate_get_current();
564
565     return s->enabled_capabilities[MIGRATION_CAPABILITY_XBZRLE];
566 }
567
568 int64_t migrate_xbzrle_cache_size(void)
569 {
570     MigrationState *s;
571
572     s = migrate_get_current();
573
574     return s->xbzrle_cache_size;
575 }
576
577 /* migration thread support */
578
579 static void *migration_thread(void *opaque)
580 {
581     MigrationState *s = opaque;
582     int64_t initial_time = qemu_clock_get_ms(QEMU_CLOCK_REALTIME);
583     int64_t setup_start = qemu_clock_get_ms(QEMU_CLOCK_HOST);
584     int64_t initial_bytes = 0;
585     int64_t max_size = 0;
586     int64_t start_time = initial_time;
587     bool old_vm_running = false;
588
589     qemu_savevm_state_begin(s->file, &s->params);
590
591     s->setup_time = qemu_clock_get_ms(QEMU_CLOCK_HOST) - setup_start;
592     migrate_set_state(s, MIG_STATE_SETUP, MIG_STATE_ACTIVE);
593
594     while (s->state == MIG_STATE_ACTIVE) {
595         int64_t current_time;
596         uint64_t pending_size;
597
598         if (!qemu_file_rate_limit(s->file)) {
599             pending_size = qemu_savevm_state_pending(s->file, max_size);
600             trace_migrate_pending(pending_size, max_size);
601             if (pending_size && pending_size >= max_size) {
602                 qemu_savevm_state_iterate(s->file);
603             } else {
604                 int ret;
605
606                 qemu_mutex_lock_iothread();
607                 start_time = qemu_clock_get_ms(QEMU_CLOCK_REALTIME);
608                 qemu_system_wakeup_request(QEMU_WAKEUP_REASON_OTHER);
609                 old_vm_running = runstate_is_running();
610
611                 ret = vm_stop_force_state(RUN_STATE_FINISH_MIGRATE);
612                 if (ret >= 0) {
613                     qemu_file_set_rate_limit(s->file, INT64_MAX);
614                     qemu_savevm_state_complete(s->file);
615                 }
616                 qemu_mutex_unlock_iothread();
617
618                 if (ret < 0) {
619                     migrate_set_state(s, MIG_STATE_ACTIVE, MIG_STATE_ERROR);
620                     break;
621                 }
622
623                 if (!qemu_file_get_error(s->file)) {
624                     migrate_set_state(s, MIG_STATE_ACTIVE, MIG_STATE_COMPLETED);
625                     break;
626                 }
627             }
628         }
629
630         if (qemu_file_get_error(s->file)) {
631             migrate_set_state(s, MIG_STATE_ACTIVE, MIG_STATE_ERROR);
632             break;
633         }
634         current_time = qemu_clock_get_ms(QEMU_CLOCK_REALTIME);
635         if (current_time >= initial_time + BUFFER_DELAY) {
636             uint64_t transferred_bytes = qemu_ftell(s->file) - initial_bytes;
637             uint64_t time_spent = current_time - initial_time;
638             double bandwidth = transferred_bytes / time_spent;
639             max_size = bandwidth * migrate_max_downtime() / 1000000;
640
641             s->mbps = time_spent ? (((double) transferred_bytes * 8.0) /
642                     ((double) time_spent / 1000.0)) / 1000.0 / 1000.0 : -1;
643
644             trace_migrate_transferred(transferred_bytes, time_spent,
645                                       bandwidth, max_size);
646             /* if we haven't sent anything, we don't want to recalculate
647                10000 is a small enough number for our purposes */
648             if (s->dirty_bytes_rate && transferred_bytes > 10000) {
649                 s->expected_downtime = s->dirty_bytes_rate / bandwidth;
650             }
651
652             qemu_file_reset_rate_limit(s->file);
653             initial_time = current_time;
654             initial_bytes = qemu_ftell(s->file);
655         }
656         if (qemu_file_rate_limit(s->file)) {
657             /* usleep expects microseconds */
658             g_usleep((initial_time + BUFFER_DELAY - current_time)*1000);
659         }
660     }
661
662     qemu_mutex_lock_iothread();
663     if (s->state == MIG_STATE_COMPLETED) {
664         int64_t end_time = qemu_clock_get_ms(QEMU_CLOCK_REALTIME);
665         uint64_t transferred_bytes = qemu_ftell(s->file);
666         s->total_time = end_time - s->total_time;
667         s->downtime = end_time - start_time;
668         if (s->total_time) {
669             s->mbps = (((double) transferred_bytes * 8.0) /
670                        ((double) s->total_time)) / 1000;
671         }
672         runstate_set(RUN_STATE_POSTMIGRATE);
673     } else {
674         if (old_vm_running) {
675             vm_start();
676         }
677     }
678     qemu_bh_schedule(s->cleanup_bh);
679     qemu_mutex_unlock_iothread();
680
681     return NULL;
682 }
683
684 void migrate_fd_connect(MigrationState *s)
685 {
686     s->state = MIG_STATE_SETUP;
687     trace_migrate_set_state(MIG_STATE_SETUP);
688
689     /* This is a best 1st approximation. ns to ms */
690     s->expected_downtime = max_downtime/1000000;
691     s->cleanup_bh = qemu_bh_new(migrate_fd_cleanup, s);
692
693     qemu_file_set_rate_limit(s->file,
694                              s->bandwidth_limit / XFER_LIMIT_RATIO);
695
696     /* Notify before starting migration thread */
697     notifier_list_notify(&migration_state_notifiers, s);
698
699     qemu_thread_create(&s->thread, "migration", migration_thread, s,
700                        QEMU_THREAD_JOINABLE);
701 }