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124 .\" ========================================================================
126 .IX Title "OBJCOPY 1"
127 .TH OBJCOPY 1 "2013-03-25" "binutils-2.23.2" "GNU Development Tools"
128 .\" For nroff, turn off justification. Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
129 .\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
133 objcopy \- copy and translate object files
135 .IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
136 objcopy [\fB\-F\fR \fIbfdname\fR|\fB\-\-target=\fR\fIbfdname\fR]
137 [\fB\-I\fR \fIbfdname\fR|\fB\-\-input\-target=\fR\fIbfdname\fR]
138 [\fB\-O\fR \fIbfdname\fR|\fB\-\-output\-target=\fR\fIbfdname\fR]
139 [\fB\-B\fR \fIbfdarch\fR|\fB\-\-binary\-architecture=\fR\fIbfdarch\fR]
140 [\fB\-S\fR|\fB\-\-strip\-all\fR]
141 [\fB\-g\fR|\fB\-\-strip\-debug\fR]
142 [\fB\-K\fR \fIsymbolname\fR|\fB\-\-keep\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR]
143 [\fB\-N\fR \fIsymbolname\fR|\fB\-\-strip\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR]
144 [\fB\-\-strip\-unneeded\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR]
145 [\fB\-G\fR \fIsymbolname\fR|\fB\-\-keep\-global\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR]
146 [\fB\-\-localize\-hidden\fR]
147 [\fB\-L\fR \fIsymbolname\fR|\fB\-\-localize\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR]
148 [\fB\-\-globalize\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR]
149 [\fB\-W\fR \fIsymbolname\fR|\fB\-\-weaken\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR]
150 [\fB\-w\fR|\fB\-\-wildcard\fR]
151 [\fB\-x\fR|\fB\-\-discard\-all\fR]
152 [\fB\-X\fR|\fB\-\-discard\-locals\fR]
153 [\fB\-b\fR \fIbyte\fR|\fB\-\-byte=\fR\fIbyte\fR]
154 [\fB\-i\fR [\fIbreadth\fR]|\fB\-\-interleave\fR[=\fIbreadth\fR]]
155 [\fB\-\-interleave\-width=\fR\fIwidth\fR]
156 [\fB\-j\fR \fIsectionname\fR|\fB\-\-only\-section=\fR\fIsectionname\fR]
157 [\fB\-R\fR \fIsectionname\fR|\fB\-\-remove\-section=\fR\fIsectionname\fR]
158 [\fB\-p\fR|\fB\-\-preserve\-dates\fR]
159 [\fB\-D\fR|\fB\-\-enable\-deterministic\-archives\fR]
160 [\fB\-U\fR|\fB\-\-disable\-deterministic\-archives\fR]
161 [\fB\-\-debugging\fR]
162 [\fB\-\-gap\-fill=\fR\fIval\fR]
163 [\fB\-\-pad\-to=\fR\fIaddress\fR]
164 [\fB\-\-set\-start=\fR\fIval\fR]
165 [\fB\-\-adjust\-start=\fR\fIincr\fR]
166 [\fB\-\-change\-addresses=\fR\fIincr\fR]
167 [\fB\-\-change\-section\-address\fR \fIsection\fR{=,+,\-}\fIval\fR]
168 [\fB\-\-change\-section\-lma\fR \fIsection\fR{=,+,\-}\fIval\fR]
169 [\fB\-\-change\-section\-vma\fR \fIsection\fR{=,+,\-}\fIval\fR]
170 [\fB\-\-change\-warnings\fR] [\fB\-\-no\-change\-warnings\fR]
171 [\fB\-\-set\-section\-flags\fR \fIsection\fR=\fIflags\fR]
172 [\fB\-\-add\-section\fR \fIsectionname\fR=\fIfilename\fR]
173 [\fB\-\-rename\-section\fR \fIoldname\fR=\fInewname\fR[,\fIflags\fR]]
174 [\fB\-\-long\-section\-names\fR {enable,disable,keep}]
175 [\fB\-\-change\-leading\-char\fR] [\fB\-\-remove\-leading\-char\fR]
176 [\fB\-\-reverse\-bytes=\fR\fInum\fR]
177 [\fB\-\-srec\-len=\fR\fIival\fR] [\fB\-\-srec\-forceS3\fR]
178 [\fB\-\-redefine\-sym\fR \fIold\fR=\fInew\fR]
179 [\fB\-\-redefine\-syms=\fR\fIfilename\fR]
181 [\fB\-\-keep\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR]
182 [\fB\-\-strip\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR]
183 [\fB\-\-strip\-unneeded\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR]
184 [\fB\-\-keep\-global\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR]
185 [\fB\-\-localize\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR]
186 [\fB\-\-globalize\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR]
187 [\fB\-\-weaken\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR]
188 [\fB\-\-alt\-machine\-code=\fR\fIindex\fR]
189 [\fB\-\-prefix\-symbols=\fR\fIstring\fR]
190 [\fB\-\-prefix\-sections=\fR\fIstring\fR]
191 [\fB\-\-prefix\-alloc\-sections=\fR\fIstring\fR]
192 [\fB\-\-add\-gnu\-debuglink=\fR\fIpath-to-file\fR]
193 [\fB\-\-keep\-file\-symbols\fR]
194 [\fB\-\-only\-keep\-debug\fR]
195 [\fB\-\-strip\-dwo\fR]
196 [\fB\-\-extract\-dwo\fR]
197 [\fB\-\-extract\-symbol\fR]
198 [\fB\-\-writable\-text\fR]
199 [\fB\-\-readonly\-text\fR]
202 [\fB\-\-file\-alignment=\fR\fInum\fR]
203 [\fB\-\-heap=\fR\fIsize\fR]
204 [\fB\-\-image\-base=\fR\fIaddress\fR]
205 [\fB\-\-section\-alignment=\fR\fInum\fR]
206 [\fB\-\-stack=\fR\fIsize\fR]
207 [\fB\-\-subsystem=\fR\fIwhich\fR:\fImajor\fR.\fIminor\fR]
208 [\fB\-\-compress\-debug\-sections\fR]
209 [\fB\-\-decompress\-debug\-sections\fR]
210 [\fB\-\-dwarf\-depth=\fR\fIn\fR]
211 [\fB\-\-dwarf\-start=\fR\fIn\fR]
212 [\fB\-v\fR|\fB\-\-verbose\fR]
213 [\fB\-V\fR|\fB\-\-version\fR]
214 [\fB\-\-help\fR] [\fB\-\-info\fR]
215 \fIinfile\fR [\fIoutfile\fR]
217 .IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
218 The \s-1GNU\s0 \fBobjcopy\fR utility copies the contents of an object
219 file to another. \fBobjcopy\fR uses the \s-1GNU\s0 \s-1BFD\s0 Library to
220 read and write the object files. It can write the destination object
221 file in a format different from that of the source object file. The
222 exact behavior of \fBobjcopy\fR is controlled by command-line options.
223 Note that \fBobjcopy\fR should be able to copy a fully linked file
224 between any two formats. However, copying a relocatable object file
225 between any two formats may not work as expected.
227 \&\fBobjcopy\fR creates temporary files to do its translations and
228 deletes them afterward. \fBobjcopy\fR uses \s-1BFD\s0 to do all its
229 translation work; it has access to all the formats described in \s-1BFD\s0
230 and thus is able to recognize most formats without being told
233 \&\fBobjcopy\fR can be used to generate S\-records by using an output
234 target of \fBsrec\fR (e.g., use \fB\-O srec\fR).
236 \&\fBobjcopy\fR can be used to generate a raw binary file by using an
237 output target of \fBbinary\fR (e.g., use \fB\-O binary\fR). When
238 \&\fBobjcopy\fR generates a raw binary file, it will essentially produce
239 a memory dump of the contents of the input object file. All symbols and
240 relocation information will be discarded. The memory dump will start at
241 the load address of the lowest section copied into the output file.
243 When generating an S\-record or a raw binary file, it may be helpful to
244 use \fB\-S\fR to remove sections containing debugging information. In
245 some cases \fB\-R\fR will be useful to remove sections which contain
246 information that is not needed by the binary file.
248 Note\-\-\-\fBobjcopy\fR is not able to change the endianness of its input
249 files. If the input format has an endianness (some formats do not),
250 \&\fBobjcopy\fR can only copy the inputs into file formats that have the
251 same endianness or which have no endianness (e.g., \fBsrec\fR).
252 (However, see the \fB\-\-reverse\-bytes\fR option.)
258 .IP "\fIoutfile\fR" 4
261 The input and output files, respectively.
262 If you do not specify \fIoutfile\fR, \fBobjcopy\fR creates a
263 temporary file and destructively renames the result with
264 the name of \fIinfile\fR.
265 .IP "\fB\-I\fR \fIbfdname\fR" 4
266 .IX Item "-I bfdname"
268 .IP "\fB\-\-input\-target=\fR\fIbfdname\fR" 4
269 .IX Item "--input-target=bfdname"
271 Consider the source file's object format to be \fIbfdname\fR, rather than
272 attempting to deduce it.
273 .IP "\fB\-O\fR \fIbfdname\fR" 4
274 .IX Item "-O bfdname"
276 .IP "\fB\-\-output\-target=\fR\fIbfdname\fR" 4
277 .IX Item "--output-target=bfdname"
279 Write the output file using the object format \fIbfdname\fR.
280 .IP "\fB\-F\fR \fIbfdname\fR" 4
281 .IX Item "-F bfdname"
283 .IP "\fB\-\-target=\fR\fIbfdname\fR" 4
284 .IX Item "--target=bfdname"
286 Use \fIbfdname\fR as the object format for both the input and the output
287 file; i.e., simply transfer data from source to destination with no
289 .IP "\fB\-B\fR \fIbfdarch\fR" 4
290 .IX Item "-B bfdarch"
292 .IP "\fB\-\-binary\-architecture=\fR\fIbfdarch\fR" 4
293 .IX Item "--binary-architecture=bfdarch"
295 Useful when transforming a architecture-less input file into an object file.
296 In this case the output architecture can be set to \fIbfdarch\fR. This
297 option will be ignored if the input file has a known \fIbfdarch\fR. You
298 can access this binary data inside a program by referencing the special
299 symbols that are created by the conversion process. These symbols are
300 called _binary_\fIobjfile\fR_start, _binary_\fIobjfile\fR_end and
301 _binary_\fIobjfile\fR_size. e.g. you can transform a picture file into
302 an object file and then access it in your code using these symbols.
303 .IP "\fB\-j\fR \fIsectionname\fR" 4
304 .IX Item "-j sectionname"
306 .IP "\fB\-\-only\-section=\fR\fIsectionname\fR" 4
307 .IX Item "--only-section=sectionname"
309 Copy only the named section from the input file to the output file.
310 This option may be given more than once. Note that using this option
311 inappropriately may make the output file unusable.
312 .IP "\fB\-R\fR \fIsectionname\fR" 4
313 .IX Item "-R sectionname"
315 .IP "\fB\-\-remove\-section=\fR\fIsectionname\fR" 4
316 .IX Item "--remove-section=sectionname"
318 Remove any section named \fIsectionname\fR from the output file. This
319 option may be given more than once. Note that using this option
320 inappropriately may make the output file unusable.
324 .IP "\fB\-\-strip\-all\fR" 4
325 .IX Item "--strip-all"
327 Do not copy relocation and symbol information from the source file.
331 .IP "\fB\-\-strip\-debug\fR" 4
332 .IX Item "--strip-debug"
334 Do not copy debugging symbols or sections from the source file.
335 .IP "\fB\-\-strip\-unneeded\fR" 4
336 .IX Item "--strip-unneeded"
337 Strip all symbols that are not needed for relocation processing.
338 .IP "\fB\-K\fR \fIsymbolname\fR" 4
339 .IX Item "-K symbolname"
341 .IP "\fB\-\-keep\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR" 4
342 .IX Item "--keep-symbol=symbolname"
344 When stripping symbols, keep symbol \fIsymbolname\fR even if it would
345 normally be stripped. This option may be given more than once.
346 .IP "\fB\-N\fR \fIsymbolname\fR" 4
347 .IX Item "-N symbolname"
349 .IP "\fB\-\-strip\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR" 4
350 .IX Item "--strip-symbol=symbolname"
352 Do not copy symbol \fIsymbolname\fR from the source file. This option
353 may be given more than once.
354 .IP "\fB\-\-strip\-unneeded\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR" 4
355 .IX Item "--strip-unneeded-symbol=symbolname"
356 Do not copy symbol \fIsymbolname\fR from the source file unless it is needed
357 by a relocation. This option may be given more than once.
358 .IP "\fB\-G\fR \fIsymbolname\fR" 4
359 .IX Item "-G symbolname"
361 .IP "\fB\-\-keep\-global\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR" 4
362 .IX Item "--keep-global-symbol=symbolname"
364 Keep only symbol \fIsymbolname\fR global. Make all other symbols local
365 to the file, so that they are not visible externally. This option may
366 be given more than once.
367 .IP "\fB\-\-localize\-hidden\fR" 4
368 .IX Item "--localize-hidden"
369 In an \s-1ELF\s0 object, mark all symbols that have hidden or internal visibility
370 as local. This option applies on top of symbol-specific localization options
372 .IP "\fB\-L\fR \fIsymbolname\fR" 4
373 .IX Item "-L symbolname"
375 .IP "\fB\-\-localize\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR" 4
376 .IX Item "--localize-symbol=symbolname"
378 Make symbol \fIsymbolname\fR local to the file, so that it is not
379 visible externally. This option may be given more than once.
380 .IP "\fB\-W\fR \fIsymbolname\fR" 4
381 .IX Item "-W symbolname"
383 .IP "\fB\-\-weaken\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR" 4
384 .IX Item "--weaken-symbol=symbolname"
386 Make symbol \fIsymbolname\fR weak. This option may be given more than once.
387 .IP "\fB\-\-globalize\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR" 4
388 .IX Item "--globalize-symbol=symbolname"
389 Give symbol \fIsymbolname\fR global scoping so that it is visible
390 outside of the file in which it is defined. This option may be given
395 .IP "\fB\-\-wildcard\fR" 4
396 .IX Item "--wildcard"
398 Permit regular expressions in \fIsymbolname\fRs used in other command
399 line options. The question mark (?), asterisk (*), backslash (\e) and
400 square brackets ([]) operators can be used anywhere in the symbol
401 name. If the first character of the symbol name is the exclamation
402 point (!) then the sense of the switch is reversed for that symbol.
406 \& \-w \-W !foo \-W fo*
409 would cause objcopy to weaken all symbols that start with \*(L"fo\*(R"
410 except for the symbol \*(L"foo\*(R".
414 .IP "\fB\-\-discard\-all\fR" 4
415 .IX Item "--discard-all"
417 Do not copy non-global symbols from the source file.
421 .IP "\fB\-\-discard\-locals\fR" 4
422 .IX Item "--discard-locals"
424 Do not copy compiler-generated local symbols.
425 (These usually start with \fBL\fR or \fB.\fR.)
426 .IP "\fB\-b\fR \fIbyte\fR" 4
429 .IP "\fB\-\-byte=\fR\fIbyte\fR" 4
430 .IX Item "--byte=byte"
432 If interleaving has been enabled via the \fB\-\-interleave\fR option
433 then start the range of bytes to keep at the \fIbyte\fRth byte.
434 \&\fIbyte\fR can be in the range from 0 to \fIbreadth\fR\-1, where
435 \&\fIbreadth\fR is the value given by the \fB\-\-interleave\fR option.
436 .IP "\fB\-i [\fR\fIbreadth\fR\fB]\fR" 4
437 .IX Item "-i [breadth]"
439 .IP "\fB\-\-interleave[=\fR\fIbreadth\fR\fB]\fR" 4
440 .IX Item "--interleave[=breadth]"
442 Only copy a range out of every \fIbreadth\fR bytes. (Header data is
443 not affected). Select which byte in the range begins the copy with
444 the \fB\-\-byte\fR option. Select the width of the range with the
445 \&\fB\-\-interleave\-width\fR option.
447 This option is useful for creating files to program \s-1ROM\s0. It is
448 typically used with an \f(CW\*(C`srec\*(C'\fR output target. Note that
449 \&\fBobjcopy\fR will complain if you do not specify the
450 \&\fB\-\-byte\fR option as well.
452 The default interleave breadth is 4, so with \fB\-\-byte\fR set to 0,
453 \&\fBobjcopy\fR would copy the first byte out of every four bytes
454 from the input to the output.
455 .IP "\fB\-\-interleave\-width=\fR\fIwidth\fR" 4
456 .IX Item "--interleave-width=width"
457 When used with the \fB\-\-interleave\fR option, copy \fIwidth\fR
458 bytes at a time. The start of the range of bytes to be copied is set
459 by the \fB\-\-byte\fR option, and the extent of the range is set with
460 the \fB\-\-interleave\fR option.
462 The default value for this option is 1. The value of \fIwidth\fR plus
463 the \fIbyte\fR value set by the \fB\-\-byte\fR option must not exceed
464 the interleave breadth set by the \fB\-\-interleave\fR option.
466 This option can be used to create images for two 16\-bit flashes interleaved
467 in a 32\-bit bus by passing \fB\-b 0 \-i 4 \-\-interleave\-width=2\fR
468 and \fB\-b 2 \-i 4 \-\-interleave\-width=2\fR to two \fBobjcopy\fR
469 commands. If the input was '12345678' then the outputs would be
470 \&'1256' and '3478' respectively.
474 .IP "\fB\-\-preserve\-dates\fR" 4
475 .IX Item "--preserve-dates"
477 Set the access and modification dates of the output file to be the same
478 as those of the input file.
482 .IP "\fB\-\-enable\-deterministic\-archives\fR" 4
483 .IX Item "--enable-deterministic-archives"
485 Operate in \fIdeterministic\fR mode. When copying archive members
486 and writing the archive index, use zero for UIDs, GIDs, timestamps,
487 and use consistent file modes for all files.
489 If \fIbinutils\fR was configured with
490 \&\fB\-\-enable\-deterministic\-archives\fR, then this mode is on by default.
491 It can be disabled with the \fB\-U\fR option, below.
495 .IP "\fB\-\-disable\-deterministic\-archives\fR" 4
496 .IX Item "--disable-deterministic-archives"
498 Do \fInot\fR operate in \fIdeterministic\fR mode. This is the
499 inverse of the \fB\-D\fR option, above: when copying archive members
500 and writing the archive index, use their actual \s-1UID\s0, \s-1GID\s0, timestamp,
501 and file mode values.
503 This is the default unless \fIbinutils\fR was configured with
504 \&\fB\-\-enable\-deterministic\-archives\fR.
505 .IP "\fB\-\-debugging\fR" 4
506 .IX Item "--debugging"
507 Convert debugging information, if possible. This is not the default
508 because only certain debugging formats are supported, and the
509 conversion process can be time consuming.
510 .IP "\fB\-\-gap\-fill\fR \fIval\fR" 4
511 .IX Item "--gap-fill val"
512 Fill gaps between sections with \fIval\fR. This operation applies to
513 the \fIload address\fR (\s-1LMA\s0) of the sections. It is done by increasing
514 the size of the section with the lower address, and filling in the extra
515 space created with \fIval\fR.
516 .IP "\fB\-\-pad\-to\fR \fIaddress\fR" 4
517 .IX Item "--pad-to address"
518 Pad the output file up to the load address \fIaddress\fR. This is
519 done by increasing the size of the last section. The extra space is
520 filled in with the value specified by \fB\-\-gap\-fill\fR (default zero).
521 .IP "\fB\-\-set\-start\fR \fIval\fR" 4
522 .IX Item "--set-start val"
523 Set the start address of the new file to \fIval\fR. Not all object file
524 formats support setting the start address.
525 .IP "\fB\-\-change\-start\fR \fIincr\fR" 4
526 .IX Item "--change-start incr"
528 .IP "\fB\-\-adjust\-start\fR \fIincr\fR" 4
529 .IX Item "--adjust-start incr"
531 Change the start address by adding \fIincr\fR. Not all object file
532 formats support setting the start address.
533 .IP "\fB\-\-change\-addresses\fR \fIincr\fR" 4
534 .IX Item "--change-addresses incr"
536 .IP "\fB\-\-adjust\-vma\fR \fIincr\fR" 4
537 .IX Item "--adjust-vma incr"
539 Change the \s-1VMA\s0 and \s-1LMA\s0 addresses of all sections, as well as the start
540 address, by adding \fIincr\fR. Some object file formats do not permit
541 section addresses to be changed arbitrarily. Note that this does not
542 relocate the sections; if the program expects sections to be loaded at a
543 certain address, and this option is used to change the sections such
544 that they are loaded at a different address, the program may fail.
545 .IP "\fB\-\-change\-section\-address\fR \fIsection\fR\fB{=,+,\-}\fR\fIval\fR" 4
546 .IX Item "--change-section-address section{=,+,-}val"
548 .IP "\fB\-\-adjust\-section\-vma\fR \fIsection\fR\fB{=,+,\-}\fR\fIval\fR" 4
549 .IX Item "--adjust-section-vma section{=,+,-}val"
551 Set or change both the \s-1VMA\s0 address and the \s-1LMA\s0 address of the named
552 \&\fIsection\fR. If \fB=\fR is used, the section address is set to
553 \&\fIval\fR. Otherwise, \fIval\fR is added to or subtracted from the
554 section address. See the comments under \fB\-\-change\-addresses\fR,
555 above. If \fIsection\fR does not exist in the input file, a warning will
556 be issued, unless \fB\-\-no\-change\-warnings\fR is used.
557 .IP "\fB\-\-change\-section\-lma\fR \fIsection\fR\fB{=,+,\-}\fR\fIval\fR" 4
558 .IX Item "--change-section-lma section{=,+,-}val"
559 Set or change the \s-1LMA\s0 address of the named \fIsection\fR. The \s-1LMA\s0
560 address is the address where the section will be loaded into memory at
561 program load time. Normally this is the same as the \s-1VMA\s0 address, which
562 is the address of the section at program run time, but on some systems,
563 especially those where a program is held in \s-1ROM\s0, the two can be
564 different. If \fB=\fR is used, the section address is set to
565 \&\fIval\fR. Otherwise, \fIval\fR is added to or subtracted from the
566 section address. See the comments under \fB\-\-change\-addresses\fR,
567 above. If \fIsection\fR does not exist in the input file, a warning
568 will be issued, unless \fB\-\-no\-change\-warnings\fR is used.
569 .IP "\fB\-\-change\-section\-vma\fR \fIsection\fR\fB{=,+,\-}\fR\fIval\fR" 4
570 .IX Item "--change-section-vma section{=,+,-}val"
571 Set or change the \s-1VMA\s0 address of the named \fIsection\fR. The \s-1VMA\s0
572 address is the address where the section will be located once the
573 program has started executing. Normally this is the same as the \s-1LMA\s0
574 address, which is the address where the section will be loaded into
575 memory, but on some systems, especially those where a program is held in
576 \&\s-1ROM\s0, the two can be different. If \fB=\fR is used, the section address
577 is set to \fIval\fR. Otherwise, \fIval\fR is added to or subtracted
578 from the section address. See the comments under
579 \&\fB\-\-change\-addresses\fR, above. If \fIsection\fR does not exist in
580 the input file, a warning will be issued, unless
581 \&\fB\-\-no\-change\-warnings\fR is used.
582 .IP "\fB\-\-change\-warnings\fR" 4
583 .IX Item "--change-warnings"
585 .IP "\fB\-\-adjust\-warnings\fR" 4
586 .IX Item "--adjust-warnings"
588 If \fB\-\-change\-section\-address\fR or \fB\-\-change\-section\-lma\fR or
589 \&\fB\-\-change\-section\-vma\fR is used, and the named section does not
590 exist, issue a warning. This is the default.
591 .IP "\fB\-\-no\-change\-warnings\fR" 4
592 .IX Item "--no-change-warnings"
594 .IP "\fB\-\-no\-adjust\-warnings\fR" 4
595 .IX Item "--no-adjust-warnings"
597 Do not issue a warning if \fB\-\-change\-section\-address\fR or
598 \&\fB\-\-adjust\-section\-lma\fR or \fB\-\-adjust\-section\-vma\fR is used, even
599 if the named section does not exist.
600 .IP "\fB\-\-set\-section\-flags\fR \fIsection\fR\fB=\fR\fIflags\fR" 4
601 .IX Item "--set-section-flags section=flags"
602 Set the flags for the named section. The \fIflags\fR argument is a
603 comma separated string of flag names. The recognized names are
604 \&\fBalloc\fR, \fBcontents\fR, \fBload\fR, \fBnoload\fR,
605 \&\fBreadonly\fR, \fBcode\fR, \fBdata\fR, \fBrom\fR, \fBshare\fR, and
606 \&\fBdebug\fR. You can set the \fBcontents\fR flag for a section which
607 does not have contents, but it is not meaningful to clear the
608 \&\fBcontents\fR flag of a section which does have contents\*(--just remove
609 the section instead. Not all flags are meaningful for all object file
611 .IP "\fB\-\-add\-section\fR \fIsectionname\fR\fB=\fR\fIfilename\fR" 4
612 .IX Item "--add-section sectionname=filename"
613 Add a new section named \fIsectionname\fR while copying the file. The
614 contents of the new section are taken from the file \fIfilename\fR. The
615 size of the section will be the size of the file. This option only
616 works on file formats which can support sections with arbitrary names.
617 .IP "\fB\-\-rename\-section\fR \fIoldname\fR\fB=\fR\fInewname\fR\fB[,\fR\fIflags\fR\fB]\fR" 4
618 .IX Item "--rename-section oldname=newname[,flags]"
619 Rename a section from \fIoldname\fR to \fInewname\fR, optionally
620 changing the section's flags to \fIflags\fR in the process. This has
621 the advantage over usng a linker script to perform the rename in that
622 the output stays as an object file and does not become a linked
625 This option is particularly helpful when the input format is binary,
626 since this will always create a section called .data. If for example,
627 you wanted instead to create a section called .rodata containing binary
628 data you could use the following command line to achieve it:
631 \& objcopy \-I binary \-O <output_format> \-B <architecture> \e
632 \& \-\-rename\-section .data=.rodata,alloc,load,readonly,data,contents \e
633 \& <input_binary_file> <output_object_file>
635 .IP "\fB\-\-long\-section\-names {enable,disable,keep}\fR" 4
636 .IX Item "--long-section-names {enable,disable,keep}"
637 Controls the handling of long section names when processing \f(CW\*(C`COFF\*(C'\fR
638 and \f(CW\*(C`PE\-COFF\*(C'\fR object formats. The default behaviour, \fBkeep\fR,
639 is to preserve long section names if any are present in the input file.
640 The \fBenable\fR and \fBdisable\fR options forcibly enable or disable
641 the use of long section names in the output object; when \fBdisable\fR
642 is in effect, any long section names in the input object will be truncated.
643 The \fBenable\fR option will only emit long section names if any are
644 present in the inputs; this is mostly the same as \fBkeep\fR, but it
645 is left undefined whether the \fBenable\fR option might force the
646 creation of an empty string table in the output file.
647 .IP "\fB\-\-change\-leading\-char\fR" 4
648 .IX Item "--change-leading-char"
649 Some object file formats use special characters at the start of
650 symbols. The most common such character is underscore, which compilers
651 often add before every symbol. This option tells \fBobjcopy\fR to
652 change the leading character of every symbol when it converts between
653 object file formats. If the object file formats use the same leading
654 character, this option has no effect. Otherwise, it will add a
655 character, or remove a character, or change a character, as
657 .IP "\fB\-\-remove\-leading\-char\fR" 4
658 .IX Item "--remove-leading-char"
659 If the first character of a global symbol is a special symbol leading
660 character used by the object file format, remove the character. The
661 most common symbol leading character is underscore. This option will
662 remove a leading underscore from all global symbols. This can be useful
663 if you want to link together objects of different file formats with
664 different conventions for symbol names. This is different from
665 \&\fB\-\-change\-leading\-char\fR because it always changes the symbol name
666 when appropriate, regardless of the object file format of the output
668 .IP "\fB\-\-reverse\-bytes=\fR\fInum\fR" 4
669 .IX Item "--reverse-bytes=num"
670 Reverse the bytes in a section with output contents. A section length must
671 be evenly divisible by the value given in order for the swap to be able to
672 take place. Reversing takes place before the interleaving is performed.
674 This option is used typically in generating \s-1ROM\s0 images for problematic
675 target systems. For example, on some target boards, the 32\-bit words
676 fetched from 8\-bit ROMs are re-assembled in little-endian byte order
677 regardless of the \s-1CPU\s0 byte order. Depending on the programming model, the
678 endianness of the \s-1ROM\s0 may need to be modified.
680 Consider a simple file with a section containing the following eight
681 bytes: \f(CW12345678\fR.
683 Using \fB\-\-reverse\-bytes=2\fR for the above example, the bytes in the
684 output file would be ordered \f(CW21436587\fR.
686 Using \fB\-\-reverse\-bytes=4\fR for the above example, the bytes in the
687 output file would be ordered \f(CW43218765\fR.
689 By using \fB\-\-reverse\-bytes=2\fR for the above example, followed by
690 \&\fB\-\-reverse\-bytes=4\fR on the output file, the bytes in the second
691 output file would be ordered \f(CW34127856\fR.
692 .IP "\fB\-\-srec\-len=\fR\fIival\fR" 4
693 .IX Item "--srec-len=ival"
694 Meaningful only for srec output. Set the maximum length of the Srecords
695 being produced to \fIival\fR. This length covers both address, data and
697 .IP "\fB\-\-srec\-forceS3\fR" 4
698 .IX Item "--srec-forceS3"
699 Meaningful only for srec output. Avoid generation of S1/S2 records,
700 creating S3\-only record format.
701 .IP "\fB\-\-redefine\-sym\fR \fIold\fR\fB=\fR\fInew\fR" 4
702 .IX Item "--redefine-sym old=new"
703 Change the name of a symbol \fIold\fR, to \fInew\fR. This can be useful
704 when one is trying link two things together for which you have no
705 source, and there are name collisions.
706 .IP "\fB\-\-redefine\-syms=\fR\fIfilename\fR" 4
707 .IX Item "--redefine-syms=filename"
708 Apply \fB\-\-redefine\-sym\fR to each symbol pair "\fIold\fR \fInew\fR"
709 listed in the file \fIfilename\fR. \fIfilename\fR is simply a flat file,
710 with one symbol pair per line. Line comments may be introduced by the hash
711 character. This option may be given more than once.
712 .IP "\fB\-\-weaken\fR" 4
714 Change all global symbols in the file to be weak. This can be useful
715 when building an object which will be linked against other objects using
716 the \fB\-R\fR option to the linker. This option is only effective when
717 using an object file format which supports weak symbols.
718 .IP "\fB\-\-keep\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR" 4
719 .IX Item "--keep-symbols=filename"
720 Apply \fB\-\-keep\-symbol\fR option to each symbol listed in the file
721 \&\fIfilename\fR. \fIfilename\fR is simply a flat file, with one symbol
722 name per line. Line comments may be introduced by the hash character.
723 This option may be given more than once.
724 .IP "\fB\-\-strip\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR" 4
725 .IX Item "--strip-symbols=filename"
726 Apply \fB\-\-strip\-symbol\fR option to each symbol listed in the file
727 \&\fIfilename\fR. \fIfilename\fR is simply a flat file, with one symbol
728 name per line. Line comments may be introduced by the hash character.
729 This option may be given more than once.
730 .IP "\fB\-\-strip\-unneeded\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR" 4
731 .IX Item "--strip-unneeded-symbols=filename"
732 Apply \fB\-\-strip\-unneeded\-symbol\fR option to each symbol listed in
733 the file \fIfilename\fR. \fIfilename\fR is simply a flat file, with one
734 symbol name per line. Line comments may be introduced by the hash
735 character. This option may be given more than once.
736 .IP "\fB\-\-keep\-global\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR" 4
737 .IX Item "--keep-global-symbols=filename"
738 Apply \fB\-\-keep\-global\-symbol\fR option to each symbol listed in the
739 file \fIfilename\fR. \fIfilename\fR is simply a flat file, with one
740 symbol name per line. Line comments may be introduced by the hash
741 character. This option may be given more than once.
742 .IP "\fB\-\-localize\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR" 4
743 .IX Item "--localize-symbols=filename"
744 Apply \fB\-\-localize\-symbol\fR option to each symbol listed in the file
745 \&\fIfilename\fR. \fIfilename\fR is simply a flat file, with one symbol
746 name per line. Line comments may be introduced by the hash character.
747 This option may be given more than once.
748 .IP "\fB\-\-globalize\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR" 4
749 .IX Item "--globalize-symbols=filename"
750 Apply \fB\-\-globalize\-symbol\fR option to each symbol listed in the file
751 \&\fIfilename\fR. \fIfilename\fR is simply a flat file, with one symbol
752 name per line. Line comments may be introduced by the hash character.
753 This option may be given more than once.
754 .IP "\fB\-\-weaken\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR" 4
755 .IX Item "--weaken-symbols=filename"
756 Apply \fB\-\-weaken\-symbol\fR option to each symbol listed in the file
757 \&\fIfilename\fR. \fIfilename\fR is simply a flat file, with one symbol
758 name per line. Line comments may be introduced by the hash character.
759 This option may be given more than once.
760 .IP "\fB\-\-alt\-machine\-code=\fR\fIindex\fR" 4
761 .IX Item "--alt-machine-code=index"
762 If the output architecture has alternate machine codes, use the
763 \&\fIindex\fRth code instead of the default one. This is useful in case
764 a machine is assigned an official code and the tool-chain adopts the
765 new code, but other applications still depend on the original code
766 being used. For \s-1ELF\s0 based architectures if the \fIindex\fR
767 alternative does not exist then the value is treated as an absolute
768 number to be stored in the e_machine field of the \s-1ELF\s0 header.
769 .IP "\fB\-\-writable\-text\fR" 4
770 .IX Item "--writable-text"
771 Mark the output text as writable. This option isn't meaningful for all
773 .IP "\fB\-\-readonly\-text\fR" 4
774 .IX Item "--readonly-text"
775 Make the output text write protected. This option isn't meaningful for all
777 .IP "\fB\-\-pure\fR" 4
779 Mark the output file as demand paged. This option isn't meaningful for all
781 .IP "\fB\-\-impure\fR" 4
783 Mark the output file as impure. This option isn't meaningful for all
785 .IP "\fB\-\-prefix\-symbols=\fR\fIstring\fR" 4
786 .IX Item "--prefix-symbols=string"
787 Prefix all symbols in the output file with \fIstring\fR.
788 .IP "\fB\-\-prefix\-sections=\fR\fIstring\fR" 4
789 .IX Item "--prefix-sections=string"
790 Prefix all section names in the output file with \fIstring\fR.
791 .IP "\fB\-\-prefix\-alloc\-sections=\fR\fIstring\fR" 4
792 .IX Item "--prefix-alloc-sections=string"
793 Prefix all the names of all allocated sections in the output file with
795 .IP "\fB\-\-add\-gnu\-debuglink=\fR\fIpath-to-file\fR" 4
796 .IX Item "--add-gnu-debuglink=path-to-file"
797 Creates a .gnu_debuglink section which contains a reference to \fIpath-to-file\fR
798 and adds it to the output file.
799 .IP "\fB\-\-keep\-file\-symbols\fR" 4
800 .IX Item "--keep-file-symbols"
801 When stripping a file, perhaps with \fB\-\-strip\-debug\fR or
802 \&\fB\-\-strip\-unneeded\fR, retain any symbols specifying source file names,
803 which would otherwise get stripped.
804 .IP "\fB\-\-only\-keep\-debug\fR" 4
805 .IX Item "--only-keep-debug"
806 Strip a file, removing contents of any sections that would not be
807 stripped by \fB\-\-strip\-debug\fR and leaving the debugging sections
808 intact. In \s-1ELF\s0 files, this preserves all note sections in the output.
810 The intention is that this option will be used in conjunction with
811 \&\fB\-\-add\-gnu\-debuglink\fR to create a two part executable. One a
812 stripped binary which will occupy less space in \s-1RAM\s0 and in a
813 distribution and the second a debugging information file which is only
814 needed if debugging abilities are required. The suggested procedure
815 to create these files is as follows:
817 .IP "1.<Link the executable as normal. Assuming that is is called>" 4
818 .IX Item "1.<Link the executable as normal. Assuming that is is called>"
819 \&\f(CW\*(C`foo\*(C'\fR then...
820 .ie n .IP "1.<Run ""objcopy \-\-only\-keep\-debug foo foo.dbg"" to>" 4
821 .el .IP "1.<Run \f(CWobjcopy \-\-only\-keep\-debug foo foo.dbg\fR to>" 4
822 .IX Item "1.<Run objcopy --only-keep-debug foo foo.dbg to>"
823 create a file containing the debugging info.
824 .ie n .IP "1.<Run ""objcopy \-\-strip\-debug foo"" to create a>" 4
825 .el .IP "1.<Run \f(CWobjcopy \-\-strip\-debug foo\fR to create a>" 4
826 .IX Item "1.<Run objcopy --strip-debug foo to create a>"
828 .ie n .IP "1.<Run ""objcopy \-\-add\-gnu\-debuglink=foo.dbg foo"">" 4
829 .el .IP "1.<Run \f(CWobjcopy \-\-add\-gnu\-debuglink=foo.dbg foo\fR>" 4
830 .IX Item "1.<Run objcopy --add-gnu-debuglink=foo.dbg foo>"
831 to add a link to the debugging info into the stripped executable.
835 Note\-\-\-the choice of \f(CW\*(C`.dbg\*(C'\fR as an extension for the debug info
836 file is arbitrary. Also the \f(CW\*(C`\-\-only\-keep\-debug\*(C'\fR step is
837 optional. You could instead do this:
838 .IP "1.<Link the executable as normal.>" 4
839 .IX Item "1.<Link the executable as normal.>"
841 .ie n .IP "1.<Copy ""foo"" to ""foo.full"">" 4
842 .el .IP "1.<Copy \f(CWfoo\fR to \f(CWfoo.full\fR>" 4
843 .IX Item "1.<Copy foo to foo.full>"
844 .ie n .IP "1.<Run ""objcopy \-\-strip\-debug foo"">" 4
845 .el .IP "1.<Run \f(CWobjcopy \-\-strip\-debug foo\fR>" 4
846 .IX Item "1.<Run objcopy --strip-debug foo>"
847 .ie n .IP "1.<Run ""objcopy \-\-add\-gnu\-debuglink=foo.full foo"">" 4
848 .el .IP "1.<Run \f(CWobjcopy \-\-add\-gnu\-debuglink=foo.full foo\fR>" 4
849 .IX Item "1.<Run objcopy --add-gnu-debuglink=foo.full foo>"
854 i.e., the file pointed to by the \fB\-\-add\-gnu\-debuglink\fR can be the
855 full executable. It does not have to be a file created by the
856 \&\fB\-\-only\-keep\-debug\fR switch.
858 Note\-\-\-this switch is only intended for use on fully linked files. It
859 does not make sense to use it on object files where the debugging
860 information may be incomplete. Besides the gnu_debuglink feature
861 currently only supports the presence of one filename containing
862 debugging information, not multiple filenames on a one-per-object-file
865 .IP "\fB\-\-strip\-dwo\fR" 4
866 .IX Item "--strip-dwo"
867 Remove the contents of all \s-1DWARF\s0 .dwo sections, leaving the
868 remaining debugging sections and all symbols intact.
869 This option is intended for use by the compiler as part of
870 the \fB\-gsplit\-dwarf\fR option, which splits debug information
871 between the .o file and a separate .dwo file. The compiler
872 generates all debug information in the same file, then uses
873 the \fB\-\-extract\-dwo\fR option to copy the .dwo sections to
874 the .dwo file, then the \fB\-\-strip\-dwo\fR option to remove
875 those sections from the original .o file.
876 .IP "\fB\-\-extract\-dwo\fR" 4
877 .IX Item "--extract-dwo"
878 Extract the contents of all \s-1DWARF\s0 .dwo sections. See the
879 \&\fB\-\-strip\-dwo\fR option for more information.
880 .IP "\fB\-\-file\-alignment\fR \fInum\fR" 4
881 .IX Item "--file-alignment num"
882 Specify the file alignment. Sections in the file will always begin at
883 file offsets which are multiples of this number. This defaults to
885 [This option is specific to \s-1PE\s0 targets.]
886 .IP "\fB\-\-heap\fR \fIreserve\fR" 4
887 .IX Item "--heap reserve"
889 .IP "\fB\-\-heap\fR \fIreserve\fR\fB,\fR\fIcommit\fR" 4
890 .IX Item "--heap reserve,commit"
892 Specify the number of bytes of memory to reserve (and optionally commit)
893 to be used as heap for this program.
894 [This option is specific to \s-1PE\s0 targets.]
895 .IP "\fB\-\-image\-base\fR \fIvalue\fR" 4
896 .IX Item "--image-base value"
897 Use \fIvalue\fR as the base address of your program or dll. This is
898 the lowest memory location that will be used when your program or dll
899 is loaded. To reduce the need to relocate and improve performance of
900 your dlls, each should have a unique base address and not overlap any
901 other dlls. The default is 0x400000 for executables, and 0x10000000
903 [This option is specific to \s-1PE\s0 targets.]
904 .IP "\fB\-\-section\-alignment\fR \fInum\fR" 4
905 .IX Item "--section-alignment num"
906 Sets the section alignment. Sections in memory will always begin at
907 addresses which are a multiple of this number. Defaults to 0x1000.
908 [This option is specific to \s-1PE\s0 targets.]
909 .IP "\fB\-\-stack\fR \fIreserve\fR" 4
910 .IX Item "--stack reserve"
912 .IP "\fB\-\-stack\fR \fIreserve\fR\fB,\fR\fIcommit\fR" 4
913 .IX Item "--stack reserve,commit"
915 Specify the number of bytes of memory to reserve (and optionally commit)
916 to be used as stack for this program.
917 [This option is specific to \s-1PE\s0 targets.]
918 .IP "\fB\-\-subsystem\fR \fIwhich\fR" 4
919 .IX Item "--subsystem which"
921 .IP "\fB\-\-subsystem\fR \fIwhich\fR\fB:\fR\fImajor\fR" 4
922 .IX Item "--subsystem which:major"
923 .IP "\fB\-\-subsystem\fR \fIwhich\fR\fB:\fR\fImajor\fR\fB.\fR\fIminor\fR" 4
924 .IX Item "--subsystem which:major.minor"
926 Specifies the subsystem under which your program will execute. The
927 legal values for \fIwhich\fR are \f(CW\*(C`native\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`windows\*(C'\fR,
928 \&\f(CW\*(C`console\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`posix\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`efi\-app\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`efi\-bsd\*(C'\fR,
929 \&\f(CW\*(C`efi\-rtd\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`sal\-rtd\*(C'\fR, and \f(CW\*(C`xbox\*(C'\fR. You may optionally set
930 the subsystem version also. Numeric values are also accepted for
932 [This option is specific to \s-1PE\s0 targets.]
933 .IP "\fB\-\-extract\-symbol\fR" 4
934 .IX Item "--extract-symbol"
935 Keep the file's section flags and symbols but remove all section data.
936 Specifically, the option:
938 .IP "*<removes the contents of all sections;>" 4
939 .IX Item "*<removes the contents of all sections;>"
941 .IP "*<sets the size of every section to zero; and>" 4
942 .IX Item "*<sets the size of every section to zero; and>"
943 .IP "*<sets the file's start address to zero.>" 4
944 .IX Item "*<sets the file's start address to zero.>"
949 This option is used to build a \fI.sym\fR file for a VxWorks kernel.
950 It can also be a useful way of reducing the size of a \fB\-\-just\-symbols\fR
953 .IP "\fB\-\-compress\-debug\-sections\fR" 4
954 .IX Item "--compress-debug-sections"
955 Compress \s-1DWARF\s0 debug sections using zlib.
956 .IP "\fB\-\-decompress\-debug\-sections\fR" 4
957 .IX Item "--decompress-debug-sections"
958 Decompress \s-1DWARF\s0 debug sections using zlib.
962 .IP "\fB\-\-version\fR" 4
965 Show the version number of \fBobjcopy\fR.
969 .IP "\fB\-\-verbose\fR" 4
972 Verbose output: list all object files modified. In the case of
973 archives, \fBobjcopy \-V\fR lists all members of the archive.
974 .IP "\fB\-\-help\fR" 4
976 Show a summary of the options to \fBobjcopy\fR.
977 .IP "\fB\-\-info\fR" 4
979 Display a list showing all architectures and object formats available.
980 .IP "\fB@\fR\fIfile\fR" 4
982 Read command-line options from \fIfile\fR. The options read are
983 inserted in place of the original @\fIfile\fR option. If \fIfile\fR
984 does not exist, or cannot be read, then the option will be treated
985 literally, and not removed.
987 Options in \fIfile\fR are separated by whitespace. A whitespace
988 character may be included in an option by surrounding the entire
989 option in either single or double quotes. Any character (including a
990 backslash) may be included by prefixing the character to be included
991 with a backslash. The \fIfile\fR may itself contain additional
992 @\fIfile\fR options; any such options will be processed recursively.
994 .IX Header "SEE ALSO"
995 \&\fIld\fR\|(1), \fIobjdump\fR\|(1), and the Info entries for \fIbinutils\fR.
997 .IX Header "COPYRIGHT"
998 Copyright (c) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998,
999 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009,
1001 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
1003 Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
1004 under the terms of the \s-1GNU\s0 Free Documentation License, Version 1.3
1005 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
1006 with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no
1007 Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the
1008 section entitled \*(L"\s-1GNU\s0 Free Documentation License\*(R".
projects / fpga / lx-cpu1 / binutils-tumbl.git / blob