# NAME
-novaboot - A tool for booting various operating systems on various hardware or in qemu
+novaboot - Boots a locally compiled operating system on a remote
+target or in qemu
# SYNOPSIS
# DESCRIPTION
-This program makes booting of an operating system (e.g. NOVA or Linux)
-as simple as running a local program. It facilitates booting on local
-or remote hosts or in emulators such as qemu. Novaboot operation is
-controlled by command line options and by a so called novaboot script,
-which can be thought as a generalization of bootloader configuration
-files (see ["NOVABOOT SCRIPT SYNTAX"](#novaboot-script-syntax)). Based on this input,
-novaboot setups everything for the target host to boot the desired
-configuration, i.e. it generates the bootloader configuration file in
-the proper format, deploy the binaries and other needed files to
-required locations, perhaps on a remote boot server and reset the
-target host. Finally, target host's serial output is redirected to
-standard output if that is possible.
-
+This program makes booting of a locally compiled operating system (OS)
+(e.g. NOVA or Linux) on remote targets as simple as running a program
+locally. It automates things like copying OS images to a TFTP server,
+generation of bootloader configuration files, resetting of target
+hardware or redirection of target's serial line to stdin/out. Novaboot
+is highly configurable and it makes it easy to boot a single image on
+different targets or different images on a single target.
+
+Novaboot operation is controlled by command line options and by a so
+called novaboot script, which can be thought as a generalization of
+bootloader configuration files (see ["NOVABOOT SCRIPT SYNTAX"](#novaboot-script-syntax)).
Typical way of using novaboot is to make the novaboot script
executable and set its first line to _#!/usr/bin/env novaboot_. Then,
booting a particular OS configuration becomes the same as executing a
local program - the novaboot script.
-For example, with `novaboot` you can:
+Novaboot uses configuration files to, among other things, define
+command line options needed for different targets. Users typically use
+only the **-t**/**--target** command line option to select the target.
+Internally, this option expands to the pre-configured options.
+Configuration files are searched at multiple places, which allows to
+have per-system, per-user or per-project configurations. Configuration
+file syntax is described in section ["CONFIGURATION FILE"](#configuration-file).
-1. Run an OS in Qemu. This is the default action when no other action is
-specified by command line switches. Thus running `novaboot ./script`
-(or `./script` as described above) will run Qemu and make it boot the
-configuration specified in the `script`.
-2. Create a bootloader configuration file (currently supported
-bootloaders are GRUB, GRUB2, Pulsar and U-Boot) and copy it with all
-other files needed for booting to a remote boot server.
+Simple examples of using `novaboot`:
- ./script --server=192.168.1.1:/tftp --iprelay=192.168.1.2
+1. Run an OS in Qemu. This is can be specified with the **--qemu** option.
+Thus running `novaboot --qemu myos` (or `./myos --qemu` as described
+above) will run Qemu and make it boot the configuration specified in
+the `myos` script.
+2. Create a bootloader configuration file (currently supported
+bootloaders are GRUB, GRUB2, ISOLINUX, Pulsar and U-Boot) and copy it
+with all other files needed for booting to a remote boot server. Then
+use a TCP/IP-controlled relay/serial-to-TCP converter to reset the
+target and receive its serial output.
- This command copies files to the TFTP server and uses
- TCP/IP-controlled relay to reset the target host and receive its
- serial output.
+ ./myos --grub2 --server=192.168.1.1:/tftp --iprelay=192.168.1.2
-3. Run DHCP and TFTP server on developer's machine to PXE-boot the target
-host from it. E.g.
+3. Run DHCP and TFTP server on developer's machine to boot the target
+from it.
- ./script --dhcp-tftp
+ ./myos --dhcp-tftp
- When a PXE-bootable machine is connected via Ethernet to developer's
- machine, it will boot the configuration described in _script_.
+ This is useful when no network infrastructure is in place and
+ the target is connected directly to developer's box.
-4. Create bootable ISO images. E.g.
+4. Create bootable ISO image.
novaboot --iso -- script1 script2
- The created ISO image will have GRUB bootloader installed on it and
- the boot menu will allow selecting between _script1_ and _script2_
- configurations.
-
-Note that the options needed for a specific target can be stored in a
-["CONFIGURATION FILE"](#configuration-file). Then it is sufficient to use only the **-t**
-option to specify the name of the target.
+ The created ISO image will have ISOLINUX bootloader installed on it
+ and the boot menu will allow selecting between _script1_ and
+ _script2_ configurations.
# PHASES AND OPTIONS
Novaboot performs its work in several phases. Each phase can be
-influenced by several options, certain phases can be skipped. The list
-of phases (in the execution order) and the corresponding options
-follow.
+influenced by several command line options, certain phases can be
+skipped. The list of phases (in the execution order) and the
+corresponding options follows.
## Configuration reading phase
-After starting, novaboot reads configuration files. By default, it
-searches for files named `.novaboot` starting from the directory of
-the novaboot script (or working directory, see bellow) and continuing
-upwards up to the root directory. The configuration files are read in
-order from the root directory downwards with latter files overriding
-settings from the former ones.
+After starting, novaboot reads configuration files. Their content is
+described in section ["CONFIGURATION FILE"](#configuration-file). By default,
+configuration is read from multiple locations. First from the system
+configuration directory (`/etc/novaboot.d/`), second from the user
+configuration file (`~/.config/novaboot`) and third from `.novaboot`
+files along the path to the current directory. Alternatively, a single
+configuration file specified with the **-c** switch or with the
+`NOVABOOT_CONFIG` environment variable is read. The latter read files
+override settings from the former ones.
+
+The system configuration directory is determined by the content of
+NOVABOOT\_CONFIG\_DIR environment variable and defaults to
+`/etc/novaboot.d`. Files in this directory with names consisting
+solely of English letters, numbers, dashes '-' and underscores '\_'
+(note that dot '.' is not included) are read in alphabetical order.
+
+Then, the user configuration file is read from
+`$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/novaboot`. If `$XDG_CONFIG_HOME` environemnt
+variable is not set `~/.config/novaboot` is read instead.
+
+Finally, novaboot searches for files named `.novaboot` starting from the
+directory of the novaboot script (or working directory, see bellow)
+and continuing upwards up to the root directory. The found
+configuration files are then read in the opposite order (i.e. from the
+root directory downwards). This allows to have, for example, a project
+specific configuration in `~/project/.novaboot`.
+
+Note the difference between `~/.config/novaboot` and `~/.novaboot`.
+The former one is read always, whereas the latter only when novaboot
+script or working directory is under the `$HOME` directory.
In certain cases, the location of the novaboot script cannot be
determined in this early phase. This happens either when the script is
-read from the standard input or when novaboot is invoked explicitly
-and options precede the script name, as in the example ["4."](#4) above.
-In this case the current working directory is used as a starting point
-for configuration file search.
+read from the standard input or when novaboot is invoked explicitly as
+in the example ["4."](#4) above. In this case the current working
+directory is used as a starting point for configuration file search
+instead of the novaboot script directory.
- -c, --config=_filename_
- --dump-config
- Dump the current configuration to stdout end exits. Useful as an
+ Dump the current configuration to stdout end exit. Useful as an
initial template for a configuration file.
- -h, --help
- -t, --target=_target_
This option serves as a user configurable shortcut for other novaboot
- options. The effect of this option is the same as the options stored
- in the `%targets` configuration variable under key _target_. See
- also ["CONFIGURATION FILE"](#configuration-file).
+ options. The effect of this option is the same as specifying the
+ options stored in the `%targets` configuration variable under key
+ _target_. See also ["CONFIGURATION FILE"](#configuration-file).
+
+ When this option is not given, novaboot tries to determine the target
+ to use from either **NOVABOOT\_TARGET** environment variable or from
+ **$default\_target** configuration file variable.
## Script preprocessing phase
Append a string to the first `load` line in the novaboot script. This
can be used to append parameters to the kernel's or root task's
- command line. Can appear multiple times.
+ command line. This option can appear multiple times.
- -b, --bender
- --chainloader=_chainloader_
- Chainloader that is loaded before the kernel and other files specified
- in the novaboot script. E.g. 'bin/boot/bender promisc'.
+ Specifies a chainloader that is loaded before the kernel and other
+ files specified in the novaboot script. E.g. 'bin/boot/bender
+ promisc'.
- --dump
GRUB or GRUB2 config files. This is useful for specifying GRUB's
timeout.
-- --grub-prefix=_prefix_
+- --prefix=_prefix_
- Specifies _prefix_ that is put in front of every file name in GRUB's
- `menu.lst`. The default value is the absolute path to the build directory.
+ Specifies _prefix_ (e.g. `/srv/tftp`) that is put in front of every
+ file name in generated bootloader configuration files (or in U-Boot
+ commands).
If the _prefix_ contains string $NAME, it will be replaced with the
name of the novaboot script (see also **--name**).
+ If the _prefix_ contains string $BUILDDIR, it will be replaced with
+ the build directory (see also **--build-dir**).
+
+- --grub-prefix
+
+ Alias for **--prefix**.
+
- --grub2\[=_filename_\]
- Generate GRUB2 menuentry in _filename_. If _filename_ is not
- specified `grub.cfg` is used. The content of the menuentry can be
- customized with **--grub-preable**, **--grub2-prolog** or
+ Generate GRUB2 menu entry in _filename_. If _filename_ is not
+ specified `grub.cfg` is used. The content of the menu entry can be
+ customized with **--grub-preamble**, **--grub2-prolog** or
**--grub\_prefix** options.
- In order to use the the generated menuentry on your development
+ In order to use the the generated menu entry on your development
machine that uses GRUB2, append the following snippet to
`/etc/grub.d/40_custom` file and regenerate your grub configuration,
i.e. run update-grub on Debian/Ubuntu.
- --grub2-prolog=_prolog_
- Specifies text _preable_ that is put at the beginning of the entry
- GRUB2 entry.
+ Specifies text that is put at the beginning of the GRUB2 menu entry.
- -m, --make\[=make command\]
- --remote-expect=_string_
- Wait for reception of _string_ after establishing the the remote
- connection before continuing.
+ Wait for reception of _string_ after establishing the remote
+ connection.
+
+- --remote-expect-silent=_string_
+
+ The same as **--remote-expect** except that the remote output is not
+ echoed to stdout while waiting for the _string_. Everything after the
+ matched string is printed to stdout, so you may want to include line
+ end characters in the _string_ as well.
## File deployment phase
be booted via PXE BIOS (or similar mechanism) on the test machine
directly connected by a plain Ethernet cable to your workstation.
- The DHCP and TFTP servers require root privileges and `novaboot`
+ The DHCP and TFTP servers requires root privileges and `novaboot`
uses `sudo` command to obtain those. You can put the following to
- _/etc/sudoers_ to allow running the necessary commands without
- asking for password.
+ _/etc/sudoers_ to allow running the necessary commands without asking
+ for password.
- Cmnd_Alias NOVABOOT = /bin/ip a add 10.23.23.1/24 dev eth0, /bin/ip l set dev eth0 up, /usr/sbin/dhcpd -d -cf dhcpd.conf -lf dhcpd.leases -pf dhcpd.pid, /usr/sbin/in.tftpd --foreground --secure -v -v -v --pidfile tftpd.pid *, /usr/bin/touch dhcpd.leases, /usr/bin/pkill --pidfile=dhcpd.pid, /usr/bin/pkill --pidfile=tftpd.pid
+ Cmnd_Alias NOVABOOT = /bin/ip a add 10.23.23.1/24 dev eth0, /bin/ip l set dev eth0 up, /usr/sbin/dhcpd -d -cf dhcpd.conf -lf dhcpd.leases -pf dhcpd.pid, /usr/sbin/in.tftpd --listen --secure -v -v -v --pidfile tftpd.pid *, /usr/bin/touch dhcpd.leases, /usr/bin/pkill --pidfile=dhcpd.pid, /usr/bin/pkill --pidfile=tftpd.pid
your_login ALL=NOPASSWD: NOVABOOT
- --tftp
Starts a TFTP server on your workstation. This is similar to
**--dhcp-tftp** except that DHCP server is not started.
- The TFTP server require root privileges in order to listen on TFTP
- port and `novaboot` uses `sudo` command to obtain those. You can put
- the following to _/etc/sudoers_ to allow running the necessary
- commands without asking for password.
+ The TFTP server require root privileges and `novaboot` uses `sudo`
+ command to obtain those. You can put the following to _/etc/sudoers_
+ to allow running the necessary commands without asking for password.
- Cmnd_Alias NOVABOOT = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd --foreground --secure -v -v -v --pidfile tftpd.pid *, /usr/bin/pkill --pidfile=tftpd.pid
+ Cmnd_Alias NOVABOOT = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd --listen --secure -v -v -v --pidfile tftpd.pid *, /usr/bin/pkill --pidfile=tftpd.pid
your_login ALL=NOPASSWD: NOVABOOT
+- --tftp-port=_port_
+
+ Port to run the TFTP server on. Implies **--tftp**.
+
- --iso\[=filename\]
Generates the ISO image that boots NOVA system via GRUB. If no filename
- --server\[=\[\[user@\]server:\]path\]
- Copy all files needed for booting to another location (implies **-g**
- unless **--grub2** is given). The files will be copied (by **rsync**
- tool) to the directory _path_. If the _path_ contains string $NAME,
- it will be replaced with the name of the novaboot script (see also
- **--name**).
+ Copy all files needed for booting to another location. The files will
+ be copied (by **rsync** tool) to the directory _path_. If the _path_
+ contains string $NAME, it will be replaced with the name of the
+ novaboot script (see also **--name**).
+
+- --rsync-flags=_flags_
+
+ Specifies which _flags_ are appended to `rsync` command line when
+ copying files as a result of _--server_ option.
- --concat
concatenating all files of the same name from all subdirectories of
_path-wo-name_ found on the "server".
-- --rsync-flags=_flags_
+- --ider
- Specifies which _flags_ are appended to `rsync` command line when
- copying files as a result of _--server_ option.
+ Use Intel AMT technology for IDE redirection. This allows the target
+ machine to boot from novaboot created ISO image. Implies **--iso**.
+
+ The experimental `amtider` utility needed by this option can be
+ obtained from https://github.com/wentasah/amtterm.
## Target power-on and reset phase
+At this point, the target is reset (or switched on/off). There is
+several ways how this can be accomplished. Resetting a physical target
+can currently be accomplished by the following options: **--amt**,
+**--iprelay**, **--reset-cmd**.
+
- --on, --off
Switch on/off the target machine and exit. The script (if any) is
Command that resets the target.
+- --no-reset, --reset
+
+ Disable/enable resetting of the target.
+
## Interaction with the bootloader on the target
-- --uboot
+- --uboot\[=_prompt_\]
+
+ Interact with U-Boot bootloader to boot the thing described in the
+ novaboot script. _prompt_ specifies the U-Boot's prompt (default is
+ "=> ", other common prompts are "U-Boot> " or "U-Boot# ").
+ Implementation of this option is currently tied to a particular board
+ that we use. It may be subject to changes in the future!
+
+- --no-uboot
- Interact with uBoot bootloader to boot the thing described in the
- novaboot script. Implementation of this option is currently tied to a
- particular board that we use. It may be subject to changes in the
- future!
+ Disable U-Boot interaction previously enabled with **--uboot**.
- --uboot-init
Command(s) to send the U-Boot bootloader before loading the images and
- booting them.
+ booting them. This option can be given multiple times. After sending
+ commands from each option novaboot waits for U-Boot _prompt_.
+
+ If the command contains string _$NB\_MYIP_ then this string is
+ replaced by IPv4 address of eth0 interface. Similarly _$NB\_PREFIX_ is
+ replaced with prefix given by **--prefix**.
+
+ See also `uboot` keyword in ["NOVABOOT SCRIPT SYNTAX"](#novaboot-script-syntax)).
+
+- --uboot-addr _name_=_address_
+
+ Load address of U-Boot's `tftpboot` command for loading _name_,
+ where name is one of _kernel_, _ramdisk_ or _fdt_ (flattened device
+ tree).
+
+ The default addresses are ${_name_\_addr\_r}, i.e. U-Boot environment
+ variables used by convention for this purpose.
+
+- --uboot-cmd=_command_
+
+ Specifies U-Boot command used to execute the OS. If the command
+ contains strings `$kernel_addr`, `$ramdisk_addr`, `$fdt_addr`,
+ these are replaced with the addresses configured with **--uboot-addr**.
+
+ The default value is
+
+ bootm $kernel_addr $ramdisk_addr $fdt_addr
+
+ or the `UBOOT_CMD` variable if defined in the novaboot script.
## Target interaction phase
- --exiton=_string_
When _string_ is sent by the target, novaboot exits. This option can
- be specified multiple times.
+ be specified multiple times, in which case novaboot exits whenever
+ either of the specified strings is sent.
If _string_ is `-re`, then the next **--exiton**'s _string_ is
treated as regular expression. For example:
--exiton -re --exiton 'error:.*failed'
+- --exiton-re=_regex_
+
+ The same as --exiton -re --exiton _regex_.
+
+- --exiton-timeout=_seconds_
+
+ By default **--exiton** waits for the string match forever. When this
+ option is specified, "exiton" timeouts after the specifies number of
+ seconds and novaboot returns non-zero exit code.
+
- -i, --interactive
Setup things for interactive use of target. Your terminal will be
to the target and does no longer interrupt novaboot. Use "~~."
sequence to exit novaboot.
+- --no-interaction, --interaction
+
+ Skip resp. force target interaction phase. When skipped, novaboot exits
+ immediately when boot is initiated.
+
- --expect=_string_
When _string_ is received from the target, send the string specified
redirected to a file. The ordering of commands is the same as they
appear in the novaboot script.
+Lines starting with `uboot` represent U-Boot commands that are sent
+to the target if **--uboot** option is given. Having a U-Boot line in
+the novaboot script is the same as passing an equivalent
+**--uboot-init** option to novaboot. The `uboot` keyword can be
+suffixed with timeout specification. The syntax is `uboot:Ns`, where
+`N` is the whole number of seconds. If the U-Boot command prompt does
+not appear before the timeout, novaboot fails. The default timeout is
+10 seconds.
+
Example (Linux):
#!/usr/bin/env novaboot
parameters. If this variable is defined and non-empty, the variable
HYPERVISOR\_PARAMS is not used.
+- NO\_BOOT
+
+ If this variable is 1, the system is not booted. This is currently
+ only implemented for U-Boot bootloader where it is useful for
+ interacting with the bootloader without booting the system - e.g. for
+ flashing.
+
- QEMU
Use a specific qemu binary (can be overridden with **-Q**) and flags
Use specific qemu flags (can be overridden with **-q**).
+- UBOOT\_CMD
+
+ See ["--uboot-cmd"](#uboot-cmd).
+
- WVDESC
- Description of the wvtest-compliant program.
+ Description of the WvTest-compliant program.
- WVTEST\_TIMEOUT
# CONFIGURATION FILE
Novaboot can read its configuration from one or more files. By
-default, novaboot looks for files named `.novaboot` as described in
-["Configuration reading phase"](#configuration-reading-phase). Alternatively, its location can be
-specified with the **-c** switch or with the NOVABOOT\_CONFIG
-environment variable. The configuration file has perl syntax and
-should set values of certain Perl variables. The current configuration
-can be dumped with the **--dump-config** switch. Some configuration
-variables can be overridden by environment variables (see below) or by
-command line switches.
+default, novaboot looks for files in `/etc/novaboot.d`, file
+`~/.config/novaboot` and files named `.novaboot` as described in
+["Configuration reading phase"](#configuration-reading-phase). Alternatively, configuration file
+location can be specified with the **-c** switch or with the
+NOVABOOT\_CONFIG environment variable. The configuration file has Perl
+syntax (i.e. it is better to put `1;` as the last line) and should set
+values of certain Perl variables. The current configuration can be
+dumped with the **--dump-config** switch. Some configuration variables
+can be overridden by environment variables (see below) or by command
+line switches.
Supported configuration variables include:
- $default\_target
Default target (see below) to use when no target is explicitly
- specified on command line with the **--target** option.
+ specified with the **--target** command line option or
+ **NOVABOOT\_TARGET** environment variable.
- %targets
- Hash of shortcuts to be used with the **--target** option. If the hash
- contains, for instance, the following pair of values
+ Hash of target definitions to be used with the **--target** option. The
+ key is the identifier of the target, the value is the string with
+ command line options. For instance, if the configuration file contains:
- 'mybox' => '--server=boot:/tftproot --serial=/dev/ttyUSB0 --grub',
+ $targets{'mybox'} = '--server=boot:/tftproot --serial=/dev/ttyUSB0 --grub',
then the following two commands are equivalent:
- ./script --server=boot:/tftproot --serial=/dev/ttyUSB0 --grub
- ./script -t mybox
+ ./myos --server=boot:/tftproot --serial=/dev/ttyUSB0 --grub
+ ./myos -t mybox
# ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
Name of the novaboot configuration file to use instead of the default
one(s).
+- NOVABOOT\_CONFIG\_DIR
+
+ Name of the novaboot configuration directory. When not specified
+ `/etc/novaboot.d` is used.
+
+- NOVABOOT\_TARGET
+
+ Name of the novaboot target to use. This overrides the value of
+ **$default\_target** from the configuration file and can be overriden
+ with the **--target** command line option.
+
- NOVABOOT\_BENDER
Defining this variable has the same meaning as **--bender** option.
projects / novaboot.git / blobdiff