// vi:ft=cpp
/**
 * \file
 * \brief IPC stream
 */
/*
 * (c) 2008-2009 Adam Lackorzynski <adam@os.inf.tu-dresden.de>,
 *               Alexander Warg <warg@os.inf.tu-dresden.de>,
 *               Torsten Frenzel <frenzel@os.inf.tu-dresden.de>
 *     economic rights: Technische Universität Dresden (Germany)
 *
 * This file is part of TUD:OS and distributed under the terms of the
 * GNU General Public License 2.
 * Please see the COPYING-GPL-2 file for details.
 *
 * As a special exception, you may use this file as part of a free software
 * library without restriction.  Specifically, if other files instantiate
 * templates or use macros or inline functions from this file, or you compile
 * this file and link it with other files to produce an executable, this
 * file does not by itself cause the resulting executable to be covered by
 * the GNU General Public License.  This exception does not however
 * invalidate any other reasons why the executable file might be covered by
 * the GNU General Public License.
 */

#pragma once

#include <l4/sys/ipc.h>
#include <l4/sys/capability>
#include <l4/cxx/type_traits>
#include <l4/cxx/minmax>

#define L4_CXX_IPC_BACKWARD_COMPAT

namespace L4 {

typedef int Opcode;

namespace Ipc {

class Ostream;
class Istream;

namespace Internal {
/**
 * \brief Abstraction for inserting an array into an Ipc::Ostream.
 * \ingroup ipc_fw
 * \internal
 *
 * An object of Buf_cp_out can be used to insert an array of arbitrary values,
 * that can be inserted into an Ipc::Ostream individually.
 * The array is therefore copied to the message buffer, in contrast to
 * data handled with Msg_out_buffer or Msg_io_buffer.
 *
 * On insertion into the Ipc::Ostream exactly the given number of elements
 * of type T are copied to the message buffer, this means the source buffer
 * is no longer referenced after insertion into the stream.
 *
 * You should use buf_cp_out() to create instances of Buf_cp_out.
 *
 * The counterpart is either Buf_cp_in (buf_cp_in()) or Buf_in (buf_in()).
 */
template< typename T >
class Buf_cp_out
{
public:
  /**
   * \brief Create a buffer object for the given array.
   * \param v The pointer to the array with size elements of type T.
   * \param size the number of elements in the array.
   */
  Buf_cp_out(T const *v, unsigned long size) : _v(v), _s(size) {}

  /**
   * \brief Get the number of elements in the array.
   * \note This function is usually used by the Ipc::Ostream itself.
   */
  unsigned long size() const { return _s; }

  /**
   * \brief Get the pointer to the array.
   * \note This function is usually used by the Ipc::Ostream itself.
   */
  T const *buf() const { return _v; }

private:
  friend class Ostream;
  T const *_v;
  unsigned long _s;
};
}

/**
 * \brief Insert an array into an Ipc::Ostream.
 * \ingroup ipc_fw
 *
 * \param v Pointer to the array that shall be inserted into an Ipc::Ostream.
 * \param size Number of elements in the array.
 *
 * This function inserts an array (e.g. a string) into an Ipc::Ostream.
 * The data is copied to the stream. On insertion into the Ipc::Ostream
 * exactly the given number of elements of type T are copied to the message
 * buffer, this means the source buffer is no longer referenced after
 * insertion into the stream.
 *
 * \see The counterpart is either buf_cp_in() or buf_in().
 */
template< typename T >
Internal::Buf_cp_out<T> buf_cp_out(T const *v, unsigned long size)
{ return Internal::Buf_cp_out<T>(v, size); }


namespace Internal {
/**
 * \brief Abstraction for extracting array from an Ipc::Istream.
 * \ingroup ipc_fw
 * \internal
 *
 * An instance of Buf_cp_in can be used to extract an array from
 * an Ipc::Istream. This is the counterpart to the Buf_cp_out abstraction.
 * The data from the received message is thereby copied to the given buffer
 * and size is set to the number of elements found in the stream.
 * To avoid the copy operation Buf_in may be used instead.
 *
 * \see buf_cp_in(), Buf_in, buf_in(), Buf_cp_out, and buf_cp_out().
 */
template< typename T >
class Buf_cp_in
{
public:
  /**
   * \brief Create a buffer for extracting an array from an Ipc::Istream.
   * \param v The buffer for array (copy in).
   * \param size Input: the number of elements the array can take at most<br>
   *             Output: the number of elements found in the stream.
   */
  Buf_cp_in(T *v, unsigned long &size) : _v(v), _s(&size) {}

  unsigned long &size() const { return *_s; }
  T *buf() const { return _v; }
private:
  friend class Istream;
  T *_v;
  unsigned long *_s;
};
}

/**
 * \brief Extract an array from an Ipc::Istream.
 * \ingroup ipc_fw
 *
 * \param v Pointer to the array that shall receive the values from the
 *          Ipc::Istream.
 * \param size Input: the number of elements the array can take at most<br>
 *             Output: the number of elements found in the stream.
 *
 * buf_cp_in() can be used to extract an array from an Ipc::Istream. This is
 * the counterpart buf_cp_out(). The data from the received message is
 * thereby copied to the given buffer and size is set to the number of
 * elements found in the stream. To avoid the copy operation buf_in() may be
 * used instead.
 *
 * \see buf_in() and buf_cp_out().
 */
template< typename T >
Internal::Buf_cp_in<T> buf_cp_in(T *v, unsigned long &size)
{ return Internal::Buf_cp_in<T>(v, size); }

/**
 * \brief Abstraction for extracting a zero-termintaed string from 
 *        an Ipc::Istream.
 * \ingroup ipc_fw
 *
 * An instance of Str_cp_in can be used to extract a zero-terminated string
 * an Ipc::Istream. The data from the received message is thereby copied to the
 * given buffer and size is set to the number of characters found in the
 * stream.  The string is zero terminated in any circumstances. When the given
 * buffer is smaller than the received string the last byte in the buffer will
 * be the zero terminator. In the case the received string is shorter than the
 * given buffer the zero termination will be placed behind the received data.
 * This provides a zero-terminated result even in cases where the sender did
 * not provide proper termination or in cases of too small receiver buffers.
 *
 * \see str_cp_in().
 */
template< typename T >
class Str_cp_in
{
public:
  /**
   * \brief Create a buffer for extracting an array from an Ipc::Istream.
   * \param v The buffer for string.
   * \param[in] size the number of bytes available in \a v<br>
   * \param[out] size the number of bytes received (including the terminator).
   */
  Str_cp_in(T *v, unsigned long &size) : _v(v), _s(&size) {}

  unsigned long &size() const { return *_s; }
  T *buf() const { return _v; }
private:
  friend class Istream;
  T *_v;
  unsigned long *_s;
};

/**
 * \brief Create a Str_cp_in for the given values.
 * \ingroup ipc_fw
 *
 * This function makes it more convenient to extract arrays from an
 * Ipc::Istream (\see Str_cp_in.)
 *
 * \param v Pointer to the array that shall receive the values from the
 *          Ipc::Istream.
 * \param size Input: the number of elements the array can take at most<br>
 *             Output: the number of elements found in the stream.
 */
template< typename T >
Str_cp_in<T> str_cp_in(T *v, unsigned long &size)
{ return Str_cp_in<T>(v, size); }

/**
 * \brief Pointer to an element of type T in an Ipc::Istream.
 * \ingroup ipc_fw
 *
 * This wrapper can be used to extract an element of type T from an
 * Ipc::Istream, whereas the data is not copied out, but a pointer into
 * the message buffer itself is returned. With is mechanism it is possible
 * to avoid an extra copy of large data structures from a received IPC
 * message, instead the returned pointer gives direct access to the data
 * in the message.
 *
 * See msg_ptr().
 */
template< typename T >
class Msg_ptr
{
private:
  T **_p;
public:
  /**
   * \brief Create a Msg_ptr object that set pointer p to point into the
   *        message buffer.
   * \param p The pointer that is adjusted to point into the message buffer.
   */
  explicit Msg_ptr(T *&p) : _p(&p) {}
  void set(T *p) const { *_p = p; }
};

/**
 * \brief Create an Msg_ptr to adjust the given pointer.
 * \ingroup ipc_fw
 *
 * This function makes it more convenient to extract pointers to data in the
 * message buffer itself from an Ipc::Istream.
 * This may be used to avoid copy out of large data structures.
 * (See Msg_ptr.)
 */
template< typename T >
Msg_ptr<T> msg_ptr(T *&p)
{ return Msg_ptr<T>(p); }


namespace Internal {
/**
 * \brief Abstraction to extract an array from an Ipc::Istream.
 * \ingroup ipc_fw
 * \internal
 *
 * This wrapper provides a possibility to extract an array from an
 * Ipc::Istream, without extra copy overhead. In contrast to Buf_cp_in
 * the data is not copied to a buffer, but a pointer to the array is returned.
 *
 * The mechanism is comparable to that of Msg_ptr, however it handles arrays
 * inserted with Buf_cp_out.
 *
 * See buf_in(), Buf_cp_out, buf_cp_out(), Buf_cp_in, and buf_cp_in().
 */
template< typename T >
class Buf_in
{
public:
  /**
   * \brief Create an Buf_in to adjust a pointer to the array and the size
   *        of the array.
   * \param v The pointer to adjust to the first element of the array.
   * \param size The number of elements found in the stream.
   */
  Buf_in(T *&v, unsigned long &size) : _v(&v), _s(&size) {}

  void set_size(unsigned long s) const { *_s = s; }
  T *&buf() const { return *_v; }
private:
  friend class Istream;
  T **_v;
  unsigned long *_s;
};
}

/**
 * \brief Return a pointer to stream array data.
 * \ingroup ipc_fw
 *
 * \param v Output: pointer to the array within the Ipc::Istream.
 * \param size Output: the number of elements found in the stream.
 *
 * This routine provdes a possibility to extract an array from an
 * Ipc::Istream, without extra copy overhead. In contrast to buf_cp_in()
 * the data is not copied to a buffer, but a pointer to the array is returned.
 * The user must make sure the UTCB is not used for other purposes while the
 * returned pointer is still in use.
 *
 * The mechanism is comparable to that of Msg_ptr, however it handles arrays
 * inserted with buf_cp_out().
 *
 * \see buf_cp_in() and buf_cp_out().
 */
template< typename T >
Internal::Buf_in<T> buf_in(T *&v, unsigned long &size)
{ return Internal::Buf_in<T>(v, size); }



/**
 * \brief A receive item for receiving a single capability.
 *
 * This class is the main abstraction for receiving capabilities
 * via Ipc::Istream. To receive a capability an instance of Small_buf
 * that refers to an empty capability slot must be inserted into the
 * Ipc::Istream before the receive operation.
 */
class Small_buf
{
public:
  explicit Small_buf(L4::Cap<L4::Kobject> cap, unsigned long flags = 0)
  : _data(cap.cap() | L4_RCV_ITEM_SINGLE_CAP | flags) {}

  explicit Small_buf(l4_cap_idx_t idx, unsigned long flags = 0)
  : _data(idx | L4_RCV_ITEM_SINGLE_CAP | flags) {}
private:
  l4_umword_t _data;
};

class Snd_item
{
public:
  Snd_item(l4_umword_t base, l4_umword_t data) : _base(base), _data(data) {}

protected:
  l4_umword_t _base;
  l4_umword_t _data;
};

class Buf_item
{
public:
  Buf_item(l4_umword_t base, l4_umword_t data) : _base(base), _data(data) {}

protected:
  l4_umword_t _base;
  l4_umword_t _data;
};

template< typename T >
class Gen_fpage : public T
{
public:
  enum Type
  {
    Special = L4_FPAGE_SPECIAL << 4,
    Memory  = L4_FPAGE_MEMORY << 4,
    Io      = L4_FPAGE_IO << 4,
    Obj     = L4_FPAGE_OBJ << 4
  };

  enum Map_type
  {
    Map   = L4_MAP_ITEM_MAP,
    Grant = L4_MAP_ITEM_GRANT,
  };

  enum Cacheopt
  {
    None     = 0,
    Cached   = L4_FPAGE_CACHEABLE << 4,
    Buffered = L4_FPAGE_BUFFERABLE << 4,
    Uncached = L4_FPAGE_UNCACHEABLE << 4
  };

  enum Continue
  {
    Single   = 0,
    Last     = 0,
    More     = L4_ITEM_CONT,
    Compound = L4_ITEM_CONT,
  };

private:
  Gen_fpage(Type type, l4_addr_t base, int order,
            unsigned char rights,
            l4_addr_t snd_base,
            Map_type map_type,
            Cacheopt cache, Continue cont)
  : T(L4_ITEM_MAP | (snd_base & (~0UL << 10)) | l4_umword_t(map_type) | l4_umword_t(cache)
      | l4_umword_t(cont),
      base | l4_umword_t(type) | rights | (l4_umword_t(order) << 6))
  {}

public:
  Gen_fpage() : T(0, 0) {}
  Gen_fpage(l4_fpage_t const &fp, l4_addr_t snd_base = 0,
            Map_type map_type = Map,
            Cacheopt cache = None, Continue cont = Last)
  : T(L4_ITEM_MAP | (snd_base & (~0UL << 10)) | l4_umword_t(map_type) | l4_umword_t(cache)
    | l4_umword_t(cont),
    fp.raw)
  {}

  Gen_fpage(L4::Cap<void> cap, unsigned rights)
  : T(L4_ITEM_MAP | Map | (rights & 0xf0), cap.fpage(rights).raw)
  {}

  static Gen_fpage<T> obj(l4_addr_t base, int order,
                          unsigned char rights,
                          l4_addr_t snd_base = 0,
                          Map_type map_type = Map,
                          Continue cont = Last)
  { return Gen_fpage<T>(Obj, base << 12, order, rights, snd_base, map_type, None, cont); }

  static Gen_fpage<T> mem(l4_addr_t base, int order,
                          unsigned char rights,
                          l4_addr_t snd_base = 0,
                          Map_type map_type = Map,
                          Cacheopt cache = None, Continue cont = Last)
  {
    return Gen_fpage<T>(Memory, base, order, rights, snd_base,
                        map_type, cache, cont);
  }

  static Gen_fpage<T> io(l4_addr_t base, int order,
                          unsigned char rights,
                          l4_addr_t snd_base = 0,
                          Map_type map_type = Map,
                          Continue cont = Last)
  { return Gen_fpage<T>(Io, base << 12, order, rights, snd_base, map_type, None, cont); }

  unsigned order() const { return (T::_data >> 6) & 0x3f; }
  unsigned snd_order() const { return (T::_data >> 6) & 0x3f; }
  unsigned rcv_order() const { return (T::_base >> 6) & 0x3f; }
  l4_addr_t base() const { return T::_data & (~0UL << 12); }
  l4_addr_t snd_base() const { return T::_base & (~0UL << 10); }
  void snd_base(l4_addr_t b) { T::_base = (T::_base & ~(~0UL << 10)) | (b & (~0UL << 10)); }

  bool is_valid() const { return T::_base & L4_ITEM_MAP; }
  // A cap has been mapped
  bool cap_received() const { return (T::_base & 0x3e) == 0x38; }
  // the label out of an IPC gate has been received, L4_RCV_ITEM_LOCAL_ID
  // must be specified, and the IPC gate must be local to the receiver
  // (i.e., the target thread of the IPC gate is in the same task as the
  // receiving thread)
  bool id_received() const { return (T::_base & 0x3e) == 0x3c; }
  // Sender and receiver are in the same task, set only iff
  // L4_RCV_ITEM_LOCAL_ID has been specified by the receiver, the value
  // delivered is the cap-index (in the task)
  bool local_id_received() const { return (T::_base & 0x3e) == 0x3e; }
  l4_umword_t data() const { return T::_data; }
  l4_umword_t base_x() const { return T::_base; }
};


typedef Gen_fpage<Snd_item> Snd_fpage;
typedef Gen_fpage<Buf_item> Rcv_fpage;

#ifdef L4_CXX_IPC_SUPPORT_STRINGS
template <typename T, typename B>
class Gen_string : public T
{
public:
  Gen_string() : T(0, 0) {}
  Gen_string(B buf, unsigned long size)
  : T(size << 10, l4_umword_t(buf))
  {}

  unsigned long len() const { return T::_base >> 10; }
};

typedef Gen_string<Snd_item, void const *> Snd_string;
typedef Gen_string<Buf_item, void *> Rcv_string;
#endif


template< typename T, template <typename X> class B > struct Generic_va_type : public B<T>
{
  enum { Id = B<T>::Id };
  typedef B<T> ID;
  typedef T const &Ret_value;
  typedef T Value;

  static Ret_value value(void const *d)
  { return *reinterpret_cast<Value const *>(d); }

  static void const *addr_of(Value const &v) { return &v; }

  static unsigned size(void const *) { return sizeof(T); }

  static L4_varg_type unsigned_id() { return (L4_varg_type)(Id & ~L4_VARG_TYPE_SIGN); }
  static L4_varg_type signed_id() { return (L4_varg_type)(Id | L4_VARG_TYPE_SIGN); }
  static L4_varg_type id() { return (L4_varg_type)Id; }
};

template< typename T > struct Va_type_id;
template<> struct Va_type_id<l4_umword_t>  { enum { Id = L4_VARG_TYPE_UMWORD }; };
template<> struct Va_type_id<l4_mword_t>   { enum { Id = L4_VARG_TYPE_MWORD }; };
template<> struct Va_type_id<l4_fpage_t>   { enum { Id = L4_VARG_TYPE_FPAGE }; };
template<> struct Va_type_id<void>         { enum { Id = L4_VARG_TYPE_NIL }; };
template<> struct Va_type_id<char const *> { enum { Id = L4_VARG_TYPE_STRING }; };

template< typename T > struct Va_type;

template<> struct Va_type<l4_umword_t> : public Generic_va_type<l4_umword_t, Va_type_id> {};
template<> struct Va_type<l4_mword_t> : public Generic_va_type<l4_mword_t, Va_type_id> {};
template<> struct Va_type<l4_fpage_t> : public Generic_va_type<l4_fpage_t, Va_type_id> {};

template<> struct Va_type<void>
{
  typedef void Ret_value;
  typedef void Value;

  static void const *addr_of(void) { return 0; }

  static void value(void const *) {}
  static L4_varg_type id() { return L4_VARG_TYPE_NIL; }
  static unsigned size(void const *) { return 0; }
};

template<> struct Va_type<char const *>
{
  typedef char const *Ret_value;
  typedef char const *Value;

  static void const *addr_of(Value v) { return v; }

  static L4_varg_type id() { return L4_VARG_TYPE_STRING; }
  static unsigned size(void const *s)
  {
    char const *_s = reinterpret_cast<char const *>(s);
    int l = 1;
    while (*_s)
      {
	++_s; ++l;
      }
    return l;
  }

  static Ret_value value(void const *d) { return (char const *)d; }
};


class Varg
{
private:
  l4_umword_t _tag;
  char const *_d;

public:

  typedef l4_umword_t Tag;

  L4_varg_type type() const { return (L4_varg_type)(_tag & 0xff); }
  int length() const { return _tag >> 16; }

  void tag(Tag tag) { _tag = tag; }
  Tag tag() const { return _tag; }
  void data(char const *d) { _d = d; }

  char const *data() const { return _d; }
  char const *&data() { return _d; }

  Varg() : _tag(0), _d(0) {}

  Varg(L4_varg_type t, void const  *v, int len)
  : _tag(t | ((l4_mword_t)len << 16)), _d((char const *)v)
  {}

  template< typename V >
  typename Va_type<V>::Ret_value value() const
  { return Va_type<V>::value(_d); }


  template< typename T >
  bool is_of() const { return Va_type<T>::id() == type(); }

  bool is_nil() const { return is_of<void>(); }

  bool is_of_int() const
  { return (type() & ~L4_VARG_TYPE_SIGN) == L4_VARG_TYPE_UMWORD; }

  template< typename T >
  bool get_value(typename Va_type<T>::Value *v) const
  {
    if (!is_of<T>())
      return false;

    *v = Va_type<T>::value(_d);
    return true;
  }

  template< typename T >
  void set_value(void const *d)
  {
    typedef Va_type<T> Vt;
    _tag = Vt::id() | (Vt::size(d) << 16);
    _d = (char const *)d;
  }

};

template<typename T>
class Varg_t : public Varg
{
public:
  typedef typename Va_type<T>::Value Value;
  explicit Varg_t(Value v) : Varg()
  { _data = v; set_value<T>(Va_type<T>::addr_of(_data)); }

private:
  Value _data;
};

namespace Utcb_stream_check
{
  static bool check_utcb_data_offset(unsigned sz)
  { return sz > sizeof(l4_umword_t) * L4_UTCB_GENERIC_DATA_SIZE; }
}


/**
 * \brief Input stream for IPC unmarshalling.
 * \ingroup ipc_fw
 *
 * Ipc::Istream is part of the dynamic IPC marshalling infrastructure, as well
 * as Ipc::Ostream and Ipc::Iostream.
 *
 * Ipc::Istream is an input stream supporting extraction of values from an
 * IPC message buffer. A received IPC message can be unmarshalled using the
 * usual extraction operator (>>).
 *
 * There exist some special wrapper classes to extract arrays (see
 * Ipc_buf_cp_in and Ipc_buf_in) and indirect strings (see Msg_in_buffer and
 * Msg_io_buffer).
 */
class Istream
{
public:
  /**
   * \brief Create an input stream for the given message buffer.
   *
   * The given message buffer is used for IPC operations wait()/receive()
   * and received data can be extracted using the >> operator afterwards.
   * In the case of indirect message parts a buffer of type Msg_in_buffer
   * must be inserted into the stream before the IPC operation and contains
   * received data afterwards.
   *
   * \param msg The message buffer to receive IPC messages.
   */
  Istream(l4_utcb_t *utcb)
  : _tag(), _utcb(utcb),
    _current_msg(reinterpret_cast<char*>(l4_utcb_mr_u(utcb)->mr)),
    _pos(0), _current_buf(0)
  {}

  /**
   * \brief Reset the stream to empty, and ready for receive()/wait().
   * The stream is reset to the same state as on its creation.
   */
  void reset()
  {
    _pos = 0;
    _current_buf = 0;
    _current_msg = reinterpret_cast<char*>(l4_utcb_mr_u(_utcb)->mr);
  }

  /**
   * \brief Check whether a value of type T can be obtained from the stream.
   */
  template< typename T >
  bool has_more()
  {
    unsigned apos = cxx::Type_traits<T>::align(_pos);
    return apos + sizeof(T) <= _tag.words() * sizeof(l4_umword_t);
  }

  /**
   * \name Get/Put Functions.
   * These functions are basically used to implement the extraction operators
   * (>>) and should not be called directly.
   *
   * See \link ipc_stream IPC stream operators \endlink.
   */
  //@{

  /**
   * \brief Copy out an array of type \a T with \a size elements.
   *
   * \param buf Pointer to a buffer for size elements of type T.
   * \param size number of elements of type T to copy out.
   *
   * See \link ipc_stream IPC stream operators \endlink.
   */
  template< typename T >
  unsigned long get(T *buf, unsigned long elems)
  {
    unsigned long size = elems * sizeof(T);
    _pos = cxx::Type_traits<T>::align(_pos);
    if (Utcb_stream_check::check_utcb_data_offset(_pos + size))
      return 0;

    __builtin_memcpy(buf, _current_msg + _pos, size);
    _pos += size;
    return elems;
  }


  /**
   * \brief Skip size elements of type T in the stream.
   * \param size number of elements to skip.
   */
  template< typename T >
  void skip(unsigned long size)
  {
    size *= sizeof(T);
    _pos = cxx::Type_traits<T>::align(_pos);
    if (Utcb_stream_check::check_utcb_data_offset(_pos + size))
      return;
    _pos += size;
  }

  /**
   * \brief Read one size elements of type T from the stream and return
   *        a pointer.
   *
   * In contrast to a normal get, this version does actually not copy the data
   * but returns a pointer to the data.
   *
   * \param buf a Msg_ptr that is actually set to point to the element in the
   *            stream.
   * \param elems number of elements to extract (default is 1).
   *
   * See \link ipc_stream IPC stream operators \endlink.
   */
  template< typename T >
  unsigned long get(Msg_ptr<T> const &buf, unsigned long elems = 1)
  {
    unsigned long size = elems * sizeof(T);
    _pos = cxx::Type_traits<T>::align(_pos);
    if (Utcb_stream_check::check_utcb_data_offset(_pos + size))
      return 0;

    buf.set(reinterpret_cast<T*>(_current_msg + _pos));
    _pos += size;
    return elems;
  }


  /**
   * \brief Extract a single element of type T from the stream.
   * \param v Output: the element.
   *
   * See \link ipc_stream IPC stream operators \endlink.
   */
  template< typename T >
  void get(T &v)
  {
    _pos = cxx::Type_traits<T>::align(_pos);
    if (Utcb_stream_check::check_utcb_data_offset(_pos + sizeof(T)))
      {
	v = T();
        return;
      }
    v = *(reinterpret_cast<T*>(_current_msg + _pos));
    _pos += sizeof(T);
  }


  bool get(Ipc::Varg *va)
  {
    Ipc::Varg::Tag t;
    if (!has_more<Ipc::Varg::Tag>())
      {
        va->tag(0);
	return 0;
      }
    get(t);
    va->tag(t);
    get(msg_ptr(va->data()), va->length());

    return 1;
  }

  /**
   * \brief Get the message tag of a received IPC.
   * \return The L4 message tag for the received IPC.
   *
   * This is in particular useful for handling page faults or exceptions.
   *
   * See \link ipc_stream IPC stream operators \endlink.
   */
  l4_msgtag_t tag() const { return _tag; }


  /**
   * \brief Get the message tag of a received IPC.
   * \return A reference to the L4 message tag for the received IPC.
   *
   * This is in particular useful for handling page faults or exceptions.
   *
   * See \link ipc_stream IPC stream operators \endlink.
   */
  l4_msgtag_t &tag() { return _tag; }

  //@}

  /**
   * \internal
   * \brief Put a receive item into the stream's buffer registers.
   */
  inline bool put(Buf_item const &);

  /**
   * \internal
   * \brief Put a small receive item into the stream's buffer registers.
   */
  inline bool put(Small_buf const &);


  /**
   * \name IPC operations.
   */
  //@{

  /**
   * \brief Wait for an incoming message from any sender.
   * \param src contains the sender after a successful IPC operation.
   * \return The IPC result dope (l4_msgtag_t).
   *
   * This wait is actually known as 'open wait'.
   */
  inline l4_msgtag_t wait(l4_umword_t *src)
  { return wait(src, L4_IPC_NEVER); }

  /**
   * \brief Wait for an incoming message from any sender.
   * \param src contains the sender after a successful IPC operation.
   * \param timeout Timeout used for IPC.
   * \return The IPC result dope (l4_msgtag_t).
   *
   * This wait is actually known as 'open wait'.
   */
  inline l4_msgtag_t wait(l4_umword_t *src, l4_timeout_t timeout);

  /**
   * \brief Wait for a message from the specified sender.
   * \param src The sender id to receive from.
   * \return The IPC  result dope (l4_msgtag_t).
   *
   * This is commonly known as 'closed wait'.
   */
  inline l4_msgtag_t receive(l4_cap_idx_t src)
  { return receive(src, L4_IPC_NEVER); }
  inline l4_msgtag_t receive(l4_cap_idx_t src, l4_timeout_t timeout);

  //@}

  /**
   * \brief Return utcb pointer.
   */
  inline l4_utcb_t *utcb() const { return _utcb; }

protected:
  l4_msgtag_t _tag;
  l4_utcb_t *_utcb;
  char *_current_msg;
  unsigned _pos;
  unsigned char _current_buf;
};

class Istream_copy : public Istream
{
private:
  l4_msg_regs_t _mrs;

public:
  Istream_copy(Istream const &o) : Istream(o), _mrs(*l4_utcb_mr_u(o.utcb()))
  {
    // do some reverse mr to utcb trickery
    _utcb = (l4_utcb_t*)((l4_addr_t)&_mrs - (l4_addr_t)l4_utcb_mr_u((l4_utcb_t*)0));
    _current_msg = reinterpret_cast<char*>(l4_utcb_mr_u(_utcb)->mr);
  }

};

/**
 * \brief Read a value out of a stream.
 *
 * \param s An Istream.
 * \return The value of type T.
 *
 * The stream position is progressed accordingly.
 */
template< typename T >
inline
T read(Istream &s) { T t; s >> t; return t; }

/**
 * \brief Output stream for IPC marshalling.
 * \ingroup ipc_fw
 *
 * Ipc::Ostream is part of the dynamic IPC marshalling infrastructure, as well
 * as Ipc::Istream and Ipc::Iostream.
 *
 * Ipc::Ostream is an output stream supporting insertion of values into an
 * IPC message buffer. A IPC message can be marshalled using the
 * usual insertion operator <<, see \link ipc_stream IPC stream operators
 * \endlink.
 *
 * There exist some special wrapper classes to insert arrays (see
 * Ipc::Buf_cp_out) and indirect strings (see Msg_out_buffer and
 * Msg_io_buffer). */
class Ostream
{
public:
  /**
   * \brief Create an IPC output stream using the given message buffer \a msg.
   */
  Ostream(l4_utcb_t *utcb)
  : _tag(), _utcb(utcb),
    _current_msg(reinterpret_cast<char *>(l4_utcb_mr_u(_utcb)->mr)),
    _pos(0), _current_item(0)
  {}

  /**
   * \brief Reset the stream to empty, same state as a newly created stream.
   */
  void reset()
  {
    _pos = 0;
    _current_item = 0;
    _current_msg = reinterpret_cast<char*>(l4_utcb_mr_u(_utcb)->mr);
  }

  /**
   * \name Get/Put functions.
   *
   * These functions are basically used to implement the insertion operators
   * (<<) and should not be called directly.
   *
   * See \link ipc_stream IPC stream operators \endlink.
   */
  //@{

  /**
   * \brief Put an array with \a size elements of type \a T into the stream.
   * \param buf A pointer to the array to insert into the buffer.
   * \param size The number of elements in the array.
   */
  template< typename T >
  bool put(T *buf, unsigned long size)
  {
    size *= sizeof(T);
    _pos = cxx::Type_traits<T>::align(_pos);
    if (Utcb_stream_check::check_utcb_data_offset(_pos + size))
      return false;

    __builtin_memcpy(_current_msg + _pos, buf, size);
    _pos += size;
    return true;
  }

  /**
   * \brief Insert an element of type \a T into the stream.
   * \param v The element to insert.
   */
  template< typename T >
  bool put(T const &v)
  {
    _pos = cxx::Type_traits<T>::align(_pos);
    if (Utcb_stream_check::check_utcb_data_offset(_pos + sizeof(T)))
      return false;

    *(reinterpret_cast<T*>(_current_msg + _pos)) = v;
    _pos += sizeof(T);
    return true;
  }

  int put(Varg const &va)
  {
    put(va.tag());
    put(va.data(), va.length());

    return 0;
  }

  template< typename T >
  int put(Varg_t<T> const &va)
  { return put(static_cast<Varg const &>(va)); }

  /**
   * \brief Extract the L4 message tag from the stream.
   * \return the extracted L4 message tag.
   */
  l4_msgtag_t tag() const { return _tag; }

  /**
   * \brief Extract a reference to the L4 message tag from the stream.
   * \return A reference to the L4 message tag.
   */
  l4_msgtag_t &tag() { return _tag; }

  //@}

  /**
   * \internal
   * \brief Put a send item into the stream's message buffer.
   */
  inline bool put_snd_item(Snd_item const &);


  /**
   * \name IPC operations.
   */
  //@{

  /**
   * \brief Send the message via IPC to the given receiver.
   * \param dst The destination for the message.
   */
  inline l4_msgtag_t send(l4_cap_idx_t dst, long proto = 0, unsigned flags = 0);

  //@}

  /**
   * \brief Return utcb pointer.
   */
  inline l4_utcb_t *utcb() const { return _utcb; }
#if 0
  /**
   * \brief Get the currently used bytes in the stream.
   */
  unsigned long tell() const
  {
    register unsigned w = (_pos + sizeof(l4_umword_t)-1) / sizeof(l4_umword_t);
    w -= _current_item * 2;
    _tag = l4_msgtag(0, w, _current_item, 0);
  }
#endif
public:
  l4_msgtag_t prepare_ipc(long proto = 0, unsigned flags = 0)
  {
    register unsigned w = (_pos + sizeof(l4_umword_t)-1) / sizeof(l4_umword_t);
    w -= _current_item * 2;
    return l4_msgtag(proto, w, _current_item, flags);
  }

protected:
  l4_msgtag_t _tag;
  l4_utcb_t *_utcb;
  char *_current_msg;
  unsigned _pos;
  unsigned char _current_item;
};


/**
 * \brief Input/Output stream for IPC [un]marshalling.
 * \ingroup ipc_fw
 *
 * The Ipc::Iostream is part of the AW Env IPC framework as well as
 * Ipc::Istream and Ipc::Ostream.
 * In particular an Ipc::Iostream is a combination of an Ipc::Istream and an
 * Ipc::Ostream. It can use either a single message buffer for receiving and
 * sending messages or a pair of a receive and a send buffer. The stream also
 * supports combined IPC operations such as call() and reply_and_wait(), which
 * can be used to implement RPC functionality.
 */
class Iostream : public Istream, public Ostream
{
public:

  /**
   * \brief Create an IPC IO stream with a single message buffer.
   * \param msg The message buffer used as backing store.
   *
   * The created IO stream uses the same message buffer for sending and
   * receiving IPC messages.
   */
  explicit Iostream(l4_utcb_t *utcb)
  : Istream(utcb), Ostream(utcb)
  {}


  /**
   * \brief Reset the stream to its initial state.
   *
   * Input as well as the output stream are reset.
   */
  void reset()
  {
    Istream::reset();
    Ostream::reset();
  }


  /**
   * \name Get/Put functions.
   *
   * These functions are basically used to implement the insertion operators
   * (<<) and should not be called directly.
   *
   * See \link ipc_stream IPC stream operators \endlink.
   */
  //@{

  using Istream::get;
  using Istream::put;
  using Ostream::put;

  //@}

  /**
   * \name IPC operations.
   */
  //@{

  /**
   * \brief Do an IPC call using the message in the output stream and
   *        receiving to the input stream.
   * \param dst The destination L4 UID (thread) to call.
   * \param timeout The IPC timeout for the call.
   * \param proto The protocol value to use in the message tag.
   * \return the result dope of the IPC operation.
   *
   * This is a combined IPC operation consisting of a send and a receive
   * to/from the given destination \a dst.
   *
   * A call is usually used by clients for RPCs to a server.
   *
   */
  inline l4_msgtag_t call(l4_cap_idx_t dst, l4_timeout_t timeout, long proto = 0);
  inline l4_msgtag_t call(l4_cap_idx_t dst, long proto = 0);

  /**
   * \brief Do an IPC reply and wait.
   * \param src_dst Input: the destination for the send operation. <br>
   *                Output: the source of the received message.
   * \return the result dope of the IPC operation.
   *
   * This is a combined IPC operation consisting of a send operation and
   * an open wait for any message.
   *
   * A reply and wait is usually used by servers that reply to a client
   * and wait for the next request by any other client.
   */
  inline l4_msgtag_t reply_and_wait(l4_umword_t *src_dst, long proto = 0)
  { return reply_and_wait(src_dst, L4_IPC_SEND_TIMEOUT_0, proto); }

  inline l4_msgtag_t send_and_wait(l4_cap_idx_t dest, l4_umword_t *src,
                                   long proto = 0)
  { return send_and_wait(dest, src, L4_IPC_SEND_TIMEOUT_0, proto); }

  /**
   * \brief Do an IPC reply and wait.
   * \param src_dst Input: the destination for the send operation. <br>
   *                Output: the source of the received message.
   * \param timeout Timeout used for IPC.
   * \return the result dope of the IPC operation.
   *
   * This is a combined IPC operation consisting of a send operation and
   * an open wait for any message.
   *
   * A reply and wait is usually used by servers that reply to a client
   * and wait for the next request by any other client.
   */
  inline l4_msgtag_t reply_and_wait(l4_umword_t *src_dst,
                                    l4_timeout_t timeout, long proto = 0);
  inline l4_msgtag_t send_and_wait(l4_cap_idx_t dest, l4_umword_t *src,
                                   l4_timeout_t timeout, long proto = 0);
  inline l4_msgtag_t reply(l4_timeout_t timeout, long proto = 0);
  inline l4_msgtag_t reply(long proto = 0)
  { return reply(L4_IPC_SEND_TIMEOUT_0, proto); }

  //@}
};


inline bool
Ostream::put_snd_item(Snd_item const &v)
{
  typedef Snd_item T;
  _pos = cxx::Type_traits<Snd_item>::align(_pos);
  if (Utcb_stream_check::check_utcb_data_offset(_pos + sizeof(T)))
    return false;

  *(reinterpret_cast<T*>(_current_msg + _pos)) = v;
  _pos += sizeof(T);
  ++_current_item;
  return true;
}


inline bool
Istream::put(Buf_item const &item)
{
  if (_current_buf >= L4_UTCB_GENERIC_BUFFERS_SIZE - 3)
    return false;

  l4_utcb_br_u(_utcb)->bdr &= ~L4_BDR_OFFSET_MASK;

  reinterpret_cast<Buf_item&>(l4_utcb_br_u(_utcb)->br[_current_buf]) = item;
  _current_buf += 2;
  return true;
}


inline bool
Istream::put(Small_buf const &item)
{
  if (_current_buf >= L4_UTCB_GENERIC_BUFFERS_SIZE - 2)
    return false;

  l4_utcb_br_u(_utcb)->bdr &= ~L4_BDR_OFFSET_MASK;

  reinterpret_cast<Small_buf&>(l4_utcb_br_u(_utcb)->br[_current_buf]) = item;
  _current_buf += 1;
  return true;
}


inline l4_msgtag_t
Ostream::send(l4_cap_idx_t dst, long proto, unsigned flags)
{
  l4_msgtag_t tag = prepare_ipc(proto, L4_MSGTAG_FLAGS & flags);
  return l4_ipc_send(dst, _utcb, tag, L4_IPC_NEVER);
}

inline l4_msgtag_t
Iostream::call(l4_cap_idx_t dst, l4_timeout_t timeout, long label)
{
  l4_msgtag_t tag = prepare_ipc(label);
  tag = l4_ipc_call(dst, Ostream::_utcb, tag, timeout);
  Istream::tag() = tag;
  Istream::_pos = 0;
  return tag;
}

inline l4_msgtag_t
Iostream::call(l4_cap_idx_t dst, long label)
{ return call(dst, L4_IPC_NEVER, label); }


inline l4_msgtag_t
Iostream::reply_and_wait(l4_umword_t *src_dst, l4_timeout_t timeout, long proto)
{
  l4_msgtag_t tag = prepare_ipc(proto);
  tag = l4_ipc_reply_and_wait(Ostream::_utcb, tag, src_dst, timeout);
  Istream::tag() = tag;
  Istream::_pos = 0;
  return tag;
}


inline l4_msgtag_t
Iostream::send_and_wait(l4_cap_idx_t dest, l4_umword_t *src,
                        l4_timeout_t timeout, long proto)
{
  l4_msgtag_t tag = prepare_ipc(proto);
  tag = l4_ipc_send_and_wait(dest, Ostream::_utcb, tag, src, timeout);
  Istream::tag() = tag;
  Istream::_pos = 0;
  return tag;
}

inline l4_msgtag_t
Iostream::reply(l4_timeout_t timeout, long proto)
{
  l4_msgtag_t tag = prepare_ipc(proto);
  tag = l4_ipc_send(L4_INVALID_CAP | L4_SYSF_REPLY, Ostream::_utcb, tag, timeout);
  Istream::tag() = tag;
  Istream::_pos = 0;
  return tag;
}

inline l4_msgtag_t
Istream::wait(l4_umword_t *src, l4_timeout_t timeout)
{
  l4_msgtag_t res;
  res = l4_ipc_wait(_utcb, src, timeout);
  tag() = res;
  _pos = 0;
  return res;
}


inline l4_msgtag_t
Istream::receive(l4_cap_idx_t src, l4_timeout_t timeout)
{
  l4_msgtag_t res;
  res = l4_ipc_receive(src, _utcb, timeout);
  tag() = res;
  _pos = 0;
  return res;
}

} // namespace Ipc
} // namespace L4

/**
 * \brief Extract one element of type \a T from the stream \a s.
 * \ingroup ipc_stream
 * \param s The stream to extract from.
 * \param v Output: extracted value.
 * \return the stream \a s.
 */
inline L4::Ipc::Istream &operator >> (L4::Ipc::Istream &s, bool &v) { s.get(v); return s; }
inline L4::Ipc::Istream &operator >> (L4::Ipc::Istream &s, int &v) { s.get(v); return s; }
inline L4::Ipc::Istream &operator >> (L4::Ipc::Istream &s, long int &v) { s.get(v); return s; }
inline L4::Ipc::Istream &operator >> (L4::Ipc::Istream &s, long long int &v) { s.get(v); return s; }
inline L4::Ipc::Istream &operator >> (L4::Ipc::Istream &s, unsigned int &v) { s.get(v); return s; }
inline L4::Ipc::Istream &operator >> (L4::Ipc::Istream &s, unsigned long int &v) { s.get(v); return s; }
inline L4::Ipc::Istream &operator >> (L4::Ipc::Istream &s, unsigned long long int &v) { s.get(v); return s; }
inline L4::Ipc::Istream &operator >> (L4::Ipc::Istream &s, short int &v) { s.get(v); return s; }
inline L4::Ipc::Istream &operator >> (L4::Ipc::Istream &s, unsigned short int &v) { s.get(v); return s; }
inline L4::Ipc::Istream &operator >> (L4::Ipc::Istream &s, char &v) { s.get(v); return s; }
inline L4::Ipc::Istream &operator >> (L4::Ipc::Istream &s, unsigned char &v) { s.get(v); return s; }
inline L4::Ipc::Istream &operator >> (L4::Ipc::Istream &s, signed char &v) { s.get(v); return s; }
inline L4::Ipc::Istream &operator << (L4::Ipc::Istream &s, L4::Ipc::Buf_item const &v) { s.put(v); return s; }
inline L4::Ipc::Istream &operator << (L4::Ipc::Istream &s, L4::Ipc::Small_buf const &v) { s.put(v); return s; }
inline L4::Ipc::Istream &operator >> (L4::Ipc::Istream &s, L4::Ipc::Snd_item &v)
{
  l4_umword_t b, d;
  s >> b >> d;
  v = L4::Ipc::Snd_item(b, d);
  return s;
}
inline L4::Ipc::Istream &operator >> (L4::Ipc::Istream &s, L4::Ipc::Varg &v)
{ s.get(&v); return s; }


/**
 * \brief Extract the L4 message tag from the stream \a s.
 * \ingroup ipc_stream
 * \param s The stream to extract from.
 * \param v Output: the extracted tag.
 * \return the stream \a s.
 */
inline
L4::Ipc::Istream &operator >> (L4::Ipc::Istream &s, l4_msgtag_t &v)
{
  v = s.tag();
  return s;
}

/**
 * \brief Extract an array of \a T elements from the stream \a s.
 * \ingroup ipc_stream
 *
 * This operator actually does not copy out the data in the array, but
 * returns a pointer into the message buffer itself. This means that the
 * data is only valid as long as there is no new data inserted into the stream.
 *
 * See Ipc::Buf_in, Ipc::Buf_cp_in, and Ipc::Buf_cp_out.
 *
 * \param s The stream to extract from.
 * \param v Output: pointer to the extracted array (ipc_buf_in()).
 * \return the stream \a s.
 */
template< typename T >
inline
L4::Ipc::Istream &operator >> (L4::Ipc::Istream &s,
    L4::Ipc::Internal::Buf_in<T> const &v)
{
  unsigned long si;
  s.get(si);
  v.set_size(s.get(L4::Ipc::Msg_ptr<T>(v.buf()), si));
  return s;
}

/**
 * \brief Extract an element of type \a T from the stream \a s.
 * \ingroup ipc_stream
 *
 * This operator actually does not copy out the data, but
 * returns a pointer into the message buffer itself. This means that the
 * data is only valid as long as there is no new data inserted into the stream.
 *
 * See Msg_ptr.
 *
 * \param s The stream to extract from.
 * \param v Output: pointer to the extracted element.
 * \return the stream \a s.
 */
template< typename T >
inline
L4::Ipc::Istream &operator >> (L4::Ipc::Istream &s,
    L4::Ipc::Msg_ptr<T> const &v)
{
  s.get(v);
  return s;
}

/**
 * \brief Extract an array of \a T elements from the stream \a s.
 * \ingroup ipc_stream
 *
 * This operator does a copy out of the data into the given buffer.
 *
 * See Ipc::Buf_in, Ipc::Buf_cp_in, and Ipc::Buf_cp_out.
 *
 * \param s The stream to extract from.
 * \param v buffer description to copy the array to (Ipc::Buf_cp_out()).
 * \return the stream \a s.
 */
template< typename T >
inline
L4::Ipc::Istream &operator >> (L4::Ipc::Istream &s,
                               L4::Ipc::Internal::Buf_cp_in<T> const &v)
{
  unsigned long sz;
  s.get(sz);
  v.size() = s.get(v.buf(), cxx::min(v.size(), sz));
  return s;
}

/**
 * \brief Extract a zero-terminated string from the stream.
 * \ingroup ipc_stream
 *
 * This operator does a copy out of the data into the given buffer.
 *
 * \param s The stream to extract from.
 * \param v buffer description to copy the array to (Ipc::Str_cp_out()).
 * \return the stream \a s.
 */
template< typename T >
inline
L4::Ipc::Istream &operator >> (L4::Ipc::Istream &s,
    L4::Ipc::Str_cp_in<T> const &v)
{
  unsigned long sz;
  s.get(sz);
  unsigned long rsz = s.get(v.buf(), cxx::min(v.size(), sz));
  if (rsz < v.size() && v.buf()[rsz - 1])
    ++rsz; // add the zero termination behind the received data

  if (rsz != 0)
    v.buf()[rsz - 1] = 0;

  v.size() = rsz;
  return s;
}


/**
 * \brief Insert an element to type \a T into the stream \a s.
 * \ingroup ipc_stream
 *
 * \param s The stream to insert the element \a v.
 * \param v The element to insert.
 * \return the stream \a s.
 */
inline L4::Ipc::Ostream &operator << (L4::Ipc::Ostream &s, bool v) { s.put(v); return s; }
inline L4::Ipc::Ostream &operator << (L4::Ipc::Ostream &s, int v) { s.put(v); return s; }
inline L4::Ipc::Ostream &operator << (L4::Ipc::Ostream &s, long int v) { s.put(v); return s; }
inline L4::Ipc::Ostream &operator << (L4::Ipc::Ostream &s, long long int v) { s.put(v); return s; }
inline L4::Ipc::Ostream &operator << (L4::Ipc::Ostream &s, unsigned int v) { s.put(v); return s; }
inline L4::Ipc::Ostream &operator << (L4::Ipc::Ostream &s, unsigned long int v) { s.put(v); return s; }
inline L4::Ipc::Ostream &operator << (L4::Ipc::Ostream &s, unsigned long long int v) { s.put(v); return s; }
inline L4::Ipc::Ostream &operator << (L4::Ipc::Ostream &s, short int v) { s.put(v); return s; }
inline L4::Ipc::Ostream &operator << (L4::Ipc::Ostream &s, unsigned short int v) { s.put(v); return s; }
inline L4::Ipc::Ostream &operator << (L4::Ipc::Ostream &s, char v) { s.put(v); return s; }
inline L4::Ipc::Ostream &operator << (L4::Ipc::Ostream &s, unsigned char v) { s.put(v); return s; }
inline L4::Ipc::Ostream &operator << (L4::Ipc::Ostream &s, signed char v) { s.put(v); return s; }
inline L4::Ipc::Ostream &operator << (L4::Ipc::Ostream &s, L4::Ipc::Snd_item const &v) { s.put_snd_item(v); return s; }
template< typename T >
inline L4::Ipc::Ostream &operator << (L4::Ipc::Ostream &s, L4::Cap<T> const &v)
{ s << L4::Ipc::Snd_fpage(v.fpage()); return s; }

inline L4::Ipc::Ostream &operator << (L4::Ipc::Ostream &s, L4::Ipc::Varg const &v)
{ s.put(v); return s; }
template< typename T >
inline L4::Ipc::Ostream &operator << (L4::Ipc::Ostream &s, L4::Ipc::Varg_t<T> const &v)
{ s.put(v); return s; }

/**
 * \brief Insert the L4 message tag into the stream \a s.
 * \ingroup ipc_stream
 *
 * \note Only one message tag can be inserted into a stream. Multiple
 *       insertions simply overwrite previous insertions.
 * \param s The stream to insert the tag \a v.
 * \param v The L4 message tag to insert.
 * \return the stream \a s.
 */
inline
L4::Ipc::Ostream &operator << (L4::Ipc::Ostream &s, l4_msgtag_t const &v)
{
  s.tag() = v;
  return s;
}

/**
 * \brief Insert an array with elements of type \a T into the stream \a s.
 * \ingroup ipc_stream
 *
 * \param s The stream to insert the array \a v.
 * \param v The array to insert (see Ipc::Buf_cp_out()).
 * \return the stream \a s.
 */
template< typename T >
inline
L4::Ipc::Ostream &operator << (L4::Ipc::Ostream &s,
    L4::Ipc::Internal::Buf_cp_out<T> const &v)
{
  s.put(v.size());
  s.put(v.buf(), v.size());
  return s;
}

/**
 * \brief Insert a zero terminated character string into the stream \a s.
 * \ingroup ipc_stream
 *
 * \param s The stream to insert the string \a v.
 * \param v The string to insert.
 * \return the stream \a s.
 *
 * This operator produces basically the same content as the array insertion,
 * however the length of the array is calculated using <c> strlen(\a v) + 1
 * </c>. The string is copied into the message including the trailing zero.
 */
inline
L4::Ipc::Ostream &operator << (L4::Ipc::Ostream &s, char const *v)
{
  unsigned long l = __builtin_strlen(v) + 1;
  s.put(l);
  s.put(v, l);
  return s;
}


#ifdef L4_CXX_IPC_BACKWARD_COMPAT
namespace L4 {

#if 0
template< typename T > class Ipc_buf_cp_out : public Ipc::Buf_cp_out<T> {};
template< typename T > class Ipc_buf_cp_in : public Ipc::Buf_cp_in<T> {};
template< typename T > class Ipc_buf_in : public Ipc::Buf_in<T> {};
template< typename T > class Msg_ptr : public Ipc::Msg_ptr<T> {};
#endif

template< typename T >
Ipc::Internal::Buf_cp_out<T> ipc_buf_cp_out(T *v, unsigned long size)
  L4_DEPRECATED("Use L4::Ipc::buf_cp_out() now");

template< typename T >
Ipc::Internal::Buf_cp_out<T> ipc_buf_cp_out(T *v, unsigned long size)
{ return Ipc::Internal::Buf_cp_out<T>(v, size); }


template< typename T >
Ipc::Internal::Buf_cp_in<T> ipc_buf_cp_in(T *v, unsigned long &size)
  L4_DEPRECATED("Use L4::Ipc::buf_cp_in() now");

template< typename T >
Ipc::Internal::Buf_cp_in<T> ipc_buf_cp_in(T *v, unsigned long &size)
{ return Ipc::Internal::Buf_cp_in<T>(v, size); }


template< typename T >
Ipc::Internal::Buf_in<T> ipc_buf_in(T *&v, unsigned long &size)
  L4_DEPRECATED("Use L4::Ipc::buf_in() now");

template< typename T >
Ipc::Internal::Buf_in<T> ipc_buf_in(T *&v, unsigned long &size)
{ return Ipc::Internal::Buf_in<T>(v, size); }


template< typename T >
Ipc::Msg_ptr<T> msg_ptr(T *&p)
  L4_DEPRECATED("Use L4::Ipc::msg_ptr() now");

template< typename T >
Ipc::Msg_ptr<T> msg_ptr(T *&p)
{ return Ipc::Msg_ptr<T>(p); }

typedef Ipc::Istream Ipc_istream L4_DEPRECATED("Use L4::Ipc::Istream now");
typedef Ipc::Ostream Ipc_ostream L4_DEPRECATED("Use L4::Ipc::Ostream now");;
typedef Ipc::Iostream Ipc_iostream L4_DEPRECATED("Use L4::Ipc::Iostream now");;
typedef Ipc::Snd_fpage Snd_fpage L4_DEPRECATED("Use L4::Ipc::Snd_fpage now");;
typedef Ipc::Rcv_fpage Rcv_fpage L4_DEPRECATED("Use L4::Ipc::Rcv_fpage now");;
typedef Ipc::Small_buf Small_buf L4_DEPRECATED("Use L4::Ipc::Small_buf now");;


namespace Ipc {
template< typename T > class Buf_cp_in : public Internal::Buf_cp_in<T>
{
public:
  Buf_cp_in(T *v, unsigned long &size) : Internal::Buf_cp_in<T>(v, size) {}
};

template< typename T >
class Buf_cp_out : public Internal::Buf_cp_out<T>
{
public:
  Buf_cp_out(T const *v, unsigned long size) : Internal::Buf_cp_out<T>(v, size) {}
};

template< typename T >
class Buf_in : public Internal::Buf_in<T>
{
public:
  Buf_in(T *&v, unsigned long &size) : Internal::Buf_in<T>(v, size) {}
};
} // namespace Ipc
} // namespace L4

template< typename T >
inline
L4::Ipc::Istream &operator >> (L4::Ipc::Istream &s, L4::Ipc::Buf_cp_in<T> const &v)
  L4_DEPRECATED("Use L4::Ipc::buf_cp_in() now");

template< typename T >
inline
L4::Ipc::Istream &operator >> (L4::Ipc::Istream &s, L4::Ipc::Buf_cp_in<T> const &v)
{ return operator>>(s, static_cast<L4::Ipc::Internal::Buf_cp_in<T> >(v)); }

template< typename T >
inline
L4::Ipc::Istream &operator >> (L4::Ipc::Istream &s, L4::Ipc::Buf_in<T> const &v)
  L4_DEPRECATED("Use L4::Ipc::buf_in() now");

template< typename T >
inline
L4::Ipc::Istream &operator >> (L4::Ipc::Istream &s, L4::Ipc::Buf_in<T> const &v)
{ return operator>>(s, static_cast<L4::Ipc::Internal::Buf_in<T> >(v)); }

template< typename T >
inline
L4::Ipc::Ostream &operator << (L4::Ipc::Ostream &s, L4::Ipc::Buf_cp_out<T> const &v)
  L4_DEPRECATED("Use L4::Ipc::buf_cp_out() now");

template< typename T >
inline
L4::Ipc::Ostream &operator << (L4::Ipc::Ostream &s, L4::Ipc::Buf_cp_out<T> const &v)
{ return operator<<(s, static_cast<L4::Ipc::Internal::Buf_cp_out<T> >(v)); }
#endif