]> rtime.felk.cvut.cz Git - hubacji1/iamcar.git/blobdiff - base/rrtbase.cc
Use normal distribution in sampling
[hubacji1/iamcar.git] / base / rrtbase.cc
index c17bc467cbca3e60ce687ad51d5fea2fc2a5f585..ed41b9185db661f3cdd4897b8591c81fa9678508 100644 (file)
@@ -15,20 +15,66 @@ You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 along with I am car. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 */
 
+#include <algorithm>
 #include <cmath>
 #include <omp.h>
+#include <queue>
 #include "bcar.h"
 #include "rrtbase.h"
+
+#if USE_GL > 0
 // OpenGL
 #include <GL/gl.h>
 #include <GL/glu.h>
 #include <SDL2/SDL.h>
+#endif
+
+// RRT
+#include "sample.h"
+#include "cost.h"
+#include "steer.h"
+#include "nn.h"
+#include "nv.h"
 
+#if USE_GL > 0
 extern SDL_Window* gw;
 extern SDL_GLContext gc;
+#endif
+
+Cell::Cell()
+{
+        pthread_mutex_init(&this->m_, NULL);
+}
+
+bool Cell::changed()
+{
+        pthread_mutex_lock(&this->m_);
+        bool ret = this->changed_;
+        pthread_mutex_unlock(&this->m_);
+        return ret;
+}
+
+std::vector<RRTNode *> Cell::nodes()
+{
+        pthread_mutex_lock(&this->m_);
+        std::vector<RRTNode *> ret(this->nodes_);
+        pthread_mutex_unlock(&this->m_);
+        return ret;
+}
+
+void Cell::add_node(RRTNode *n)
+{
+        pthread_mutex_lock(&this->m_);
+        this->nodes_.push_back(n);
+        this->changed_ = true;
+        pthread_mutex_unlock(&this->m_);
+}
 
 RRTBase::~RRTBase()
 {
+// Fix heap-use-after-free error when T3 planner is used. If only T2 is used,
+// please uncommend the following code:
+//
         for (auto n: this->nodes_)
                 if (n != this->root_)
                         delete n;
@@ -45,22 +91,35 @@ RRTBase::~RRTBase()
         delete this->goal_;
 }
 
-RRTBase::RRTBase():
-        root_(new RRTNode()),
-        goal_(new RRTNode())
+RRTBase::RRTBase()
+        : root_(new RRTNode())
+        , goal_(new RRTNode())
+        , gen_(std::random_device{}())
+        , ndx_(HMAX - HMIN, (HMAX - HMIN) / 4)
+        , ndy_(VMAX - VMIN, (VMAX - VMIN) / 4)
+        , ndh_(0, M_PI * 2 / 4)
 {
+        this->nodes_.reserve(NOFNODES);
         this->nodes_.push_back(this->root_);
         this->add_iy(this->root_);
+        this->add_ixy(this->root_);
 }
 
-RRTBase::RRTBase(RRTNode *init, RRTNode *goal):
-        root_(init),
-        goal_(goal)
+RRTBase::RRTBase(RRTNode *init, RRTNode *goal)
+        : root_(init)
+        , goal_(goal)
+        , gen_(std::random_device{}())
+        , ndx_(HMIN + (HMAX - HMIN) / 2, (HMAX - HMIN) / 4)
+        , ndy_(VMIN + (VMAX - VMIN) / 2, (VMAX - VMIN) / 4)
+        , ndh_(0, M_PI * 2 / 4)
 {
+        this->nodes_.reserve(NOFNODES);
         this->nodes_.push_back(init);
         this->add_iy(init);
+        this->add_ixy(init);
 }
 
+// getter
 RRTNode *RRTBase::root()
 {
         return this->root_;
@@ -71,6 +130,11 @@ RRTNode *RRTBase::goal()
         return this->goal_;
 }
 
+std::vector<RRTNode *> &RRTBase::goals()
+{
+        return this->goals_;
+}
+
 std::vector<RRTNode *> &RRTBase::nodes()
 {
         return this->nodes_;
@@ -81,17 +145,27 @@ std::vector<RRTNode *> &RRTBase::dnodes()
         return this->dnodes_;
 }
 
+std::queue<RRTNode *> &RRTBase::firsts()
+{
+        return this->firsts_;
+}
+
+PolygonObstacle &RRTBase::frame()
+{
+        return this->frame_;
+}
+
 std::vector<RRTNode *> &RRTBase::samples()
 {
         return this->samples_;
 }
 
-std::vector<CircleObstacle> *RRTBase::cos()
+std::vector<CircleObstacle> *RRTBase::co()
 {
         return this->cobstacles_;
 }
 
-std::vector<SegmentObstacle> *RRTBase::sos()
+std::vector<SegmentObstacle> *RRTBase::so()
 {
         return this->sobstacles_;
 }
@@ -121,6 +195,11 @@ std::vector<std::vector<RRTNode *>> &RRTBase::tlog()
         return this->tlog_;
 }
 
+std::vector<RRTNode *> &RRTBase::slot_cusp()
+{
+        return this->slot_cusp_;
+}
+
 bool RRTBase::goal_found()
 {
         return this->goal_found_;
@@ -134,6 +213,50 @@ float RRTBase::elapsed()
         return dt.count();
 }
 
+std::vector<RRTNode *> RRTBase::traj_cusp()
+{
+        std::vector<RRTNode *> tmp_cusps;
+        for (auto n: this->tlog().back()) {
+                if (sgn(n->s()) == 0) {
+                        tmp_cusps.push_back(n);
+                } else if (n->parent() &&
+                                sgn(n->s()) != sgn(n->parent()->s())) {
+                        tmp_cusps.push_back(n);
+                        tmp_cusps.push_back(n->parent());
+                }
+        }
+        std::vector<RRTNode *> cusps;
+        for (unsigned int i = 0; i < tmp_cusps.size(); i++) {
+                if (tmp_cusps[i] != tmp_cusps[(i + 1) % tmp_cusps.size()])
+                        cusps.push_back(tmp_cusps[i]);
+        }
+        return cusps;
+}
+
+// setter
+void RRTBase::root(RRTNode *node)
+{
+        this->root_ = node;
+}
+
+void RRTBase::goal(RRTNode *node)
+{
+        this->goal_ = node;
+}
+
+void RRTBase::goals(std::vector<RRTNode *> g)
+{
+        this->goals_ = g;
+        std::reverse(this->goals_.begin(), this->goals_.end());
+        RRTNode *pn = this->goals_.front();
+        for (auto n: this->goals_) {
+                if (n != pn) {
+                        pn->add_child(n, this->cost(pn ,n));
+                        pn = n;
+                }
+        }
+}
+
 bool RRTBase::logr(RRTNode *root)
 {
         std::vector<RRTEdge *> e; // Edges to log
@@ -216,8 +339,40 @@ bool RRTBase::add_iy(RRTNode *n)
         return true;
 }
 
+bool RRTBase::add_ixy(RRTNode *n)
+{
+        int ix = IXI(n->x());
+        if (ix < 0)
+                ix = 0;
+        if (ix >= IXSIZE)
+                ix = IXSIZE - 1;
+        int iy = IYI(n->y());
+        if (iy < 0)
+                iy = 0;
+        if (iy >= IYSIZE)
+                iy = IYSIZE - 1;
+        this->ixy_[ix][iy].add_node(n);
+        return true;
+}
+
+bool RRTBase::goal_found(bool f)
+{
+        this->goal_found_ = f;
+        return f;
+}
+
+void RRTBase::slot_cusp(std::vector<RRTNode *> sc)
+{
+        for (unsigned int i = 0; i < sc.size() - 1; i++)
+                sc[i]->add_child(sc[i + 1], this->cost(sc[i], sc[i + 1]));
+        sc[0]->parent(this->goal());
+        this->slot_cusp_ = sc;
+}
+
+// other
 bool RRTBase::glplot()
 {
+#if USE_GL > 0
         glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
         glLineWidth(1);
         glPointSize(1);
@@ -237,11 +392,13 @@ bool RRTBase::glplot()
         glVertex2f(GLVERTEX(this->goal_));
         glEnd();
         // Plot last sample
-        glPointSize(8);
-        glBegin(GL_POINTS);
-        glColor3f(0, 1, 0);
-        glVertex2f(GLVERTEX(this->samples_.back()));
-        glEnd();
+        if (this->samples_.size() > 0) {
+                glPointSize(8);
+                glBegin(GL_POINTS);
+                glColor3f(0, 1, 0);
+                glVertex2f(GLVERTEX(this->samples_.back()));
+                glEnd();
+        }
         // Plot nodes
         std::vector<RRTNode *> s; // DFS stack
         std::vector<RRTNode *> r; // reset visited_
@@ -262,6 +419,24 @@ bool RRTBase::glplot()
                 }
         }
         glEnd();
+        // Plot nodes (from goal)
+        glBegin(GL_LINES);
+        s.push_back(this->goal_);
+        while (s.size() > 0) {
+                tmp = s.back();
+                s.pop_back();
+                if (!tmp->visit()) {
+                        r.push_back(tmp);
+                        for (auto ch: tmp->children()) {
+                                s.push_back(ch);
+                                glColor3f(0.5, 0.5, 0.5);
+                                glVertex2f(GLVERTEX(tmp));
+                                glVertex2f(GLVERTEX(ch));
+                        }
+                }
+        }
+        glEnd();
+        std::vector<RRTNode *> cusps;
         // Plot last trajectory
         if (this->tlog().size() > 0) {
                 glLineWidth(2);
@@ -271,13 +446,24 @@ bool RRTBase::glplot()
                                 glColor3f(0, 0, 1);
                                 glVertex2f(GLVERTEX(n));
                                 glVertex2f(GLVERTEX(n->parent()));
+                                if (sgn(n->s()) != sgn(n->parent()->s()))
+                                        cusps.push_back(n);
                         }
                 }
                 glEnd();
         }
+        // Plot cusps
+        glPointSize(8);
+        glBegin(GL_POINTS);
+        for (auto n: cusps) {
+                glColor3f(0, 0, 1);
+                glVertex2f(GLVERTEX(n));
+        }
+        glEnd();
         SDL_GL_SwapWindow(gw);
         for (auto n: r)
                 n->visit(false);
+#endif
         return true;
 }
 
@@ -285,13 +471,9 @@ bool RRTBase::goal_found(
                 RRTNode *node,
                 float (*cost)(RRTNode *, RRTNode* ))
 {
-        float xx = pow(node->x() - this->goal_->x(), 2);
-        float yy = pow(node->y() - this->goal_->y(), 2);
-        float dh = std::abs(node->h() - this->goal_->h());
-        if (pow(xx + yy, 0.5) < this->GOAL_FOUND_DISTANCE &&
-                        dh < this->GOAL_FOUND_ANGLE) {
+        if (IS_NEAR(node, this->goal_)) {
                 if (this->goal_found_) {
-                        if (node->ccost() + (*cost)(node, this->goal_) <
+                        if (node->ccost() + this->cost(node, this->goal_) <
                                         this->goal_->ccost()) {
                                 RRTNode *op; // old parent
                                 float oc; // old cumulative cost
@@ -300,7 +482,7 @@ bool RRTBase::goal_found(
                                 oc = this->goal_->ccost();
                                 od = this->goal_->dcost();
                                 node->add_child(this->goal_,
-                                                (*cost)(node, this->goal_));
+                                                this->cost(node, this->goal_));
                                 if (this->collide(node, this->goal_)) {
                                         node->children().pop_back();
                                         this->goal_->parent(op);
@@ -316,13 +498,83 @@ bool RRTBase::goal_found(
                 } else {
                         node->add_child(
                                         this->goal_,
-                                        (*cost)(node, this->goal_));
+                                        this->cost(node, this->goal_));
                         if (this->collide(node, this->goal_)) {
                                 node->children().pop_back();
                                 this->goal_->remove_parent();
                                 return false;
                         }
                         this->goal_found_ = true;
+                        // Update ccost of goal's parents
+                        if (this->goals().size() > 0) {
+                                RRTNode *ch = this->goals().back();
+                                RRTNode *pn = this->goals().back()->parent();
+                                while (pn) {
+                                        pn->ccost(
+                                                ch->ccost()
+                                                - this->cost(pn, ch)
+                                        );
+                                        ch = pn;
+                                        pn = pn->parent();
+                                }
+                        }
+                        return true;
+                }
+        }
+        return false;
+}
+
+bool RRTBase::goal_found(
+        RRTNode *node,
+        RRTNode *goal
+)
+{
+        if (IS_NEAR(node, goal)) {
+                if (this->goal_found_) {
+                        if (
+                                goal->ccost() != -1
+                                && node->ccost() + this->cost(node, goal)
+                                < goal->ccost()
+                        ) {
+                                RRTNode *op; // old parent
+                                float oc; // old cumulative cost
+                                float od; // old direct cost
+                                op = goal->parent();
+                                oc = goal->ccost();
+                                od = goal->dcost();
+                                node->add_child(goal,
+                                                this->cost(node, goal));
+                                if (this->collide(node, goal)) {
+                                        node->children().pop_back();
+                                        goal->parent(op);
+                                        goal->ccost(oc);
+                                        goal->dcost(od);
+                                } else {
+                                        op->rem_child(goal);
+                                        return true;
+                                }
+                        } else {
+                                return false;
+                        }
+                } else {
+                        node->add_child(
+                                goal,
+                                this->cost(node, goal)
+                        );
+                        if (this->collide(node, goal)) {
+                                node->children().pop_back();
+                                goal->remove_parent();
+                                return false;
+                        }
+                        this->goal_found_ = true;
+                        // Update ccost of goal's children
+                        goal->update_ccost();
+                        // Update ccost of goals
+                        for (auto g: this->goals()) {
+                                if (g == goal)
+                                        break;
+                                g->ccost(-1);
+                        }
                         return true;
                 }
         }
@@ -343,7 +595,11 @@ bool RRTBase::collide(RRTNode *init, RRTNode *goal)
                         if ((*this->cobstacles_)[i].collide(tmp)) {
                                 col = true;
                         }
-                        // TODO collide with car frame
+                        for (auto &e: bcframe) {
+                                if ((*this->cobstacles_)[i].collide(e)) {
+                                        col = true;
+                                }
+                        }
                 }
                 if (col) {
                         for (auto e: bcframe) {
@@ -418,9 +674,266 @@ bool RRTBase::collide(RRTNode *init, RRTNode *goal)
         return false;
 }
 
+class RRTNodeDijkstra {
+        public:
+                RRTNodeDijkstra(int i):
+                        ni(i),
+                        pi(0),
+                        c(9999),
+                        v(false)
+                {};
+                RRTNodeDijkstra(int i, float c):
+                        ni(i),
+                        pi(0),
+                        c(c),
+                        v(false)
+                {};
+                RRTNodeDijkstra(int i, int p, float c):
+                        ni(i),
+                        pi(p),
+                        c(c),
+                        v(false)
+                {};
+                unsigned int ni;
+                unsigned int pi;
+                float c;
+                bool v;
+                bool vi()
+                {
+                        if (this->v)
+                                return true;
+                        this->v = true;
+                        return false;
+                };
+};
+
+class RRTNodeDijkstraComparator {
+        public:
+                int operator() (
+                                const RRTNodeDijkstra& n1,
+                                const RRTNodeDijkstra& n2)
+                {
+                        return n1.c > n2.c;
+                }
+};
+
+bool RRTBase::optp_dijkstra(
+                std::vector<RRTNode *> &cusps,
+                std::vector<int> &npi)
+{
+        std::vector<RRTNodeDijkstra> dnodes;
+        for (unsigned int i = 0; i < cusps.size(); i++)
+                if (i > 0)
+                        dnodes.push_back(RRTNodeDijkstra(
+                                                i,
+                                                i - 1,
+                                                cusps[i]->ccost()));
+                else
+                        dnodes.push_back(RRTNodeDijkstra(
+                                                i,
+                                                cusps[i]->ccost()));
+        dnodes[0].vi();
+        std::priority_queue<
+                RRTNodeDijkstra,
+                std::vector<RRTNodeDijkstra>,
+                RRTNodeDijkstraComparator> pq;
+        RRTNodeDijkstra tmp = dnodes[0];
+        pq.push(tmp);
+        float ch_cost = 9999;
+        std::vector<RRTNode *> steered;
+        while (!pq.empty()) {
+                tmp = pq.top();
+                pq.pop();
+                for (unsigned int i = tmp.ni + 1; i < cusps.size(); i++) {
+                        ch_cost = dnodes[tmp.ni].c +
+                                this->cost(cusps[tmp.ni], cusps[i]);
+                        steered = this->steer(cusps[tmp.ni], cusps[i]);
+                        for (unsigned int j = 0; j < steered.size() - 1; j++)
+                                steered[j]->add_child(steered[j + 1], 1);
+                        if (this->collide(
+                                        steered[0],
+                                        steered[steered.size() - 1])) {
+                                for (auto n: steered)
+                                        delete n;
+                                continue;
+                        }
+                        if (ch_cost < dnodes[i].c) {
+                                dnodes[i].c = ch_cost;
+                                dnodes[i].pi = tmp.ni;
+                                if (!dnodes[i].vi())
+                                        pq.push(dnodes[i]);
+                        }
+                        for (auto n: steered)
+                                delete n;
+                }
+        }
+        unsigned int tmpi = 0;
+        for (auto n: dnodes) {
+                if (n.v && n.ni > tmpi)
+                        tmpi = n.ni;
+        }
+        while (tmpi > 0) {
+                npi.push_back(tmpi);
+                tmpi = dnodes[tmpi].pi;
+        }
+        npi.push_back(tmpi);
+        std::reverse(npi.begin(), npi.end());
+        return true;
+}
+
+bool RRTBase::optp_rrp(
+                std::vector<RRTNode *> &cusps,
+                std::vector<int> &npi)
+{
+        std::vector<RRTNode *> steered;
+        std::vector<int> candidates;
+        RRTNode *x_j = nullptr;
+        RRTNode *x_i = nullptr;
+        int j = cusps.size() - 1;
+        int i_min = 0;
+        float c_min = 0;
+        float cost = 0;
+        float dx = 0;
+        float dy = 0;
+        float ed = 0;
+        float th_i = 0;
+        float th_j = 0;
+        while (j > 0) {
+                npi.push_back(j);
+                steered.clear();
+                candidates.clear();
+                x_j = cusps[j];
+                for (int i = 0; i < j; i++) {
+                        steered = this->steer(cusps[i], x_j);
+                        for (unsigned int k = 0; k < steered.size() - 1; k++)
+                                steered[k]->add_child(steered[k + 1], 1);
+                        if (!this->collide(
+                                        steered[0],
+                                        steered[steered.size() - 1]))
+                                candidates.push_back(i);
+                }
+                if (candidates.size() <= 0)
+                        return false;
+                i_min = candidates[0];
+                x_i = cusps[i_min];
+                c_min = 9999;
+                for (auto c: candidates) {
+                        x_i = cusps[c];
+                        dx = x_j->x() - x_i->x();
+                        dy = x_j->y() - x_i->y();
+                        ed = EDIST(x_i, x_j);
+                        th_i = (cos(x_i->h()) * dx + sin(x_i->h()) * dy) / ed;
+                        th_j = (cos(x_j->h()) * dx + sin(x_j->h()) * dy) / ed;
+                        cost = th_i + th_j;
+                        if (cost < c_min) {
+                                i_min = c;
+                                c_min = cost;
+                        }
+                }
+                j = i_min;
+
+        }
+        npi.push_back(j);
+        std::reverse(npi.begin(), npi.end());
+        return true;
+}
+
+bool RRTBase::optp_smart(
+                std::vector<RRTNode *> &cusps,
+                std::vector<int> &npi)
+{
+        std::vector<RRTNode *> steered;
+        int li = cusps.size() - 1;
+        int ai = li - 1;
+        npi.push_back(li);
+        while (ai > 1) {
+                steered = this->steer(cusps[ai - 1], cusps[li]);
+                for (unsigned int j = 0; j < steered.size() - 1; j++)
+                        steered[j]->add_child(steered[j + 1], 1);
+                if (this->collide(steered[0], steered[steered.size() - 1])) {
+                        npi.push_back(ai);
+                        li = ai;
+                }
+                ai--;
+                for (auto n: steered)
+                        delete n;
+        }
+        npi.push_back(0);
+        std::reverse(npi.begin(), npi.end());
+        return true;
+}
+
+bool RRTBase::opt_path()
+{
+        if (this->tlog().size() == 0)
+                return false;
+        float oc = this->tlog().back().front()->ccost();
+        std::vector<RRTNode *> tmp_cusps;
+        for (auto n: this->tlog().back()) {
+                if (sgn(n->s()) == 0) {
+                        tmp_cusps.push_back(n);
+                } else if (n->parent() &&
+                                sgn(n->s()) != sgn(n->parent()->s())) {
+                        tmp_cusps.push_back(n);
+                        tmp_cusps.push_back(n->parent());
+                }
+                //tmp_cusps.push_back(n);
+        }
+        if (tmp_cusps.size() < 2)
+                return false;
+        std::vector<RRTNode *> cusps;
+        for (unsigned int i = 0; i < tmp_cusps.size(); i++) {
+                if (tmp_cusps[i] != tmp_cusps[(i + 1) % tmp_cusps.size()])
+                        cusps.push_back(tmp_cusps[i]);
+        }
+        std::reverse(cusps.begin(), cusps.end());
+        std::vector<int> npi; // new path indexes
+        if (!this->optp_dijkstra(cusps, npi))
+                return false;
+        RRTNode *pn = cusps[npi[0]];
+        RRTNode *tmp = nullptr;
+        bool en_add = true;
+        for (unsigned int i = 0; i < npi.size() - 1; i++) {
+                pn = cusps[npi[i]];
+                for (auto ns: this->steer(cusps[npi[i]], cusps[npi[i + 1]])) {
+                        if (!en_add) {
+                                delete ns;
+                        } else if (IS_NEAR(cusps[npi[i]], ns)) {
+                                tmp = ns;
+                                while (tmp && tmp != cusps[npi[i]]) {
+                                        pn = tmp->parent();
+                                        delete tmp;
+                                        tmp = pn;
+                                }
+                                pn = cusps[npi[i]];
+                        } else if (IS_NEAR(ns, cusps[npi[i + 1]])) {
+                                delete ns;
+                                cusps[npi[i + 1]]->parent()->rem_child(
+                                                cusps[npi[i + 1]]);
+                                pn->add_child(
+                                        cusps[npi[i + 1]],
+                                        this->cost(pn, cusps[npi[i + 1]]));
+                                en_add = false;
+                        } else if (IS_NEAR(pn, ns)) {
+                                delete ns;
+                        } else {
+                                this->nodes().push_back(ns);
+                                this->add_iy(ns);
+                                this->add_ixy(ns);
+                                pn->add_child(ns, this->cost(pn, ns));
+                                pn = ns;
+                        }
+                }
+        }
+        this->root()->update_ccost();
+        if (this->tlog().back().front()->ccost() < oc)
+                return true;
+        return false;
+}
+
 bool RRTBase::rebase(RRTNode *nr)
 {
-        if (this->goal_ == nr || this->root_ == nr)
+        if (!nr || this->goal_ == nr || this->root_ == nr)
                 return false;
         std::vector<RRTNode *> s; // DFS stack
         RRTNode *tmp;
@@ -443,7 +956,6 @@ bool RRTBase::rebase(RRTNode *nr)
                 }
                 if (to_del < this->nodes_.size())
                         this->nodes_.erase(this->nodes_.begin() + to_del);
-#if NNVERSION > 1
                 iy = IYI(tmp->y());
                 to_del = this->iy_[iy].size();
                 #pragma omp parallel  for reduction(min: to_del)
@@ -453,7 +965,6 @@ bool RRTBase::rebase(RRTNode *nr)
                 }
                 if (to_del < this->iy_[iy].size())
                         this->iy_[iy].erase(this->iy_[iy].begin() + to_del);
-#endif
                 this->dnodes().push_back(tmp);
         }
         this->root_ = nr;
@@ -469,12 +980,82 @@ std::vector<RRTNode *> RRTBase::findt()
 std::vector<RRTNode *> RRTBase::findt(RRTNode *n)
 {
         std::vector<RRTNode *> nodes;
-        if (!n->parent())
+        if (!n || !n->parent())
                 return nodes;
-        RRTNode *tmp = n;
-        while (tmp) {
-                nodes.push_back(tmp);
-                tmp = tmp->parent();
+        while (n) {
+                nodes.push_back(n);
+                n = n->parent();
         }
         return nodes;
 }
+
+// RRT Framework
+RRTNode *RRTBase::sample()
+{
+        if (this->useSamplingInfo_ && this->nodes().size() % 2 == 0) {
+                float x = static_cast<float>(rand());
+                x /= static_cast<float>(RAND_MAX / this->samplingInfo_.x);
+                x -= this->samplingInfo_.x / 2;
+                x += this->samplingInfo_.x0;
+                float y = static_cast<float>(rand());
+                y /= static_cast<float>(RAND_MAX / this->samplingInfo_.y);
+                y -= this->samplingInfo_.y / 2;
+                y += this->samplingInfo_.y0;
+                float h = static_cast<float>(rand());
+                h /= static_cast<float>(RAND_MAX / this->samplingInfo_.h);
+                h -= this->samplingInfo_.h / 2;
+                h += this->samplingInfo_.h0;
+                return new RRTNode(x, y, h);
+        } else {
+                float x = this->ndx_(this->gen_);
+                float y = this->ndy_(this->gen_);
+                float h = this->ndh_(this->gen_);
+                return new RRTNode(x, y, h);
+        }
+}
+
+float RRTBase::cost(RRTNode *init, RRTNode *goal)
+{
+        return co2(init, goal);
+}
+
+RRTNode *RRTBase::nn(RRTNode *rs)
+{
+        return nn4(this->iy_, rs, nullptr);
+        //return nn3(this->iy_, rs, nullptr);
+}
+
+std::vector<RRTNode *> RRTBase::nv(RRTNode *node, float dist)
+{
+        std::vector<RRTNode *> nvs;
+        unsigned int iy = IYI(node->y());
+        unsigned int iy_dist = floor(dist / IYSTEP) + 1;
+        unsigned int i = 0; // vector index
+        unsigned int j = 0; // array index
+        unsigned int jmin = 0; // minimal j index
+        unsigned int jmax = 0; // maximal j index
+        jmin = iy - iy_dist;
+        jmin = (jmin > 0) ? jmin : 0;
+        jmax = iy + iy_dist + 1;
+        jmax = (jmax < IYSIZE) ? jmax : IYSIZE;
+        #pragma omp parallel for reduction(merge: nvs)
+        for (j = jmin; j < jmax; j++) {
+                #pragma omp parallel for reduction(merge: nvs)
+                for (i = 0; i < this->iy_[j].size(); i++) {
+                        if (this->cost(this->iy_[j][i], node) < dist) {
+                                nvs.push_back(this->iy_[j][i]);
+                        }
+                }
+        }
+        return nvs;
+}
+
+std::vector<RRTNode *> RRTBase::steer(RRTNode *init, RRTNode *goal)
+{
+        return st3(init, goal);
+}
+
+std::vector<RRTNode *> RRTBase::steer(RRTNode *init, RRTNode *goal, float step)
+{
+        return st3(init, goal, step);
+}